廣東省2024屆高三下學(xué)期二模英語(yǔ)試題

廣東省2024屆高三下學(xué)期二模英語(yǔ)試題姓名：__________班級(jí)：__________考號(hào)：__________題號(hào)一二三四五總分評(píng)分一、閱讀，第一節(jié)，閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀理解VolunteerArt&ArchitectureTourGuideforBostonPublicLibrary,CopleySquareThegoalistogeneratepublicinterestinthehistory,art,andarchitectureofBostonPublicLibrary,includingitsspecialcollectionsandexhibitionsattheCentralLibraryinCopleySquare.ROLEANDEXPECTATIONS●ToconductpublicandprivategrouptoursoftheCentralLibrary'sart,architecture,andexhibitions,answeringquestionsfromgroupsandrecordingattendancestatisticsaftertoursconclude.●Tocontinuetoinformoneselfoftheart,architecture,history,holdings,andexhibitionsofBostonPublicLibrary.QUALIFICATIONS●Interestinhistory,art,andarchitectureingeneral,andofBostonPublicLibraryinparticular.●Confidenceinaddressingandpresentinginformationtolargegroups;priorguidingorpublicspeakingexperiencedesirable.●AstrongcommandoftheEnglishlanguageisrequired,andfluencyinotherlanguagesishighlypreferred.TRAININGAcceptedcandidateswillbeaskedtoattendtourguidetrainingmeetings.Newguidesareexpectedtocompletetrainingaroundfourmonths.Progressevaluationswillbeongoingthroughoutthetrainingperiod,andcontinuethroughthefirstsixmonthsofworkingasafullguide.REQUIREMENTS●Minimumcommitmentoftwotourspermonth(or24toursperyear).●Commitmenttoattendingtourguidemeetingsandenrichmentprogramsforcontinuingeducation.REVIEWRegularassessmentsandevaluationswillbeconductedbasedontheabovecriteriatoensurethatvolunteersmeetthenecessaryqualifications.Interestedcandidatesshouldcompletetheapplicationformbelowandsendittotours@.1．Whatdoesavolunteertourguideneedtodoaftertours?A．Ensuresafetyoftheartworks.B．Maintaincleannessofthehall.C．Documentthenumbersofvisitors.D．Answerquestionsaboutqualifications.2．Howlongwilltheprogressevaluationslast?A．4months. B．6months. C．10months. D．12months.3．Whichwillresultinapoorreviewoftheposition?A．Insufficient(不足的)workinghours.B．Absenceofasecondlanguage.C．Littlerelevantvolunteerexperience.D．Limitedknowledgeaboutexhibitions.閱讀理解Asamushroomscientist,youarevastlyoutnumbered,withestimatessuggestingthattherearebetween2.2millionand3.8millionspeciesoffungi(真菌),themajorityofwhichareyettobeidentified.However,professionalsinthefieldarenotaloneintheireffortstouncovernewspecies.Anenthusiasticcommunityofamateurshasemerged,bridgingthegapbetweenprofessionalsandnon-professionals.Theseamateurshaveevenmadesignificantdiscoveries.OnesuchamateurisTaylorLockwood,a74-year-oldmushroomenthusiastandprofessionalphotographer.In1984,whilelivingontheMendocinocoastofCalifornia,TaylorLockwooddevelopedafascinationwithmushrooms."Outsidemycottageweretheseamazingmushrooms,"hesays."Anditwasasifthesemushroomslookedatmeandsaid,‘Taylor,gooutandtelltheworldhowprettyweare.'"Lockwoodansweredtheircallandpurchasedcameraequipmenttocapturetheirtruenature.Hispassionforphotographingmushroomswassointensethathewouldevendigholesnexttothemushroomstogettheperfectangleforhisshots.IntheMonongahelaNationalForest,TaylorLockwooddiscoveredanunusualmushroomthatlookedliketinyfingerswearingoff-whitegloves.Uponfurtherinvestigation,fungiresearcherAmyRossmanconfirmedthatitwasa"hazelglove"mushroom,whichisararefind."Mushroomsarenotlikeplants,"Rossmansays."Theydon'tcomeupatthesametimeeveryyear,andsosometimesitcanbedecadesbetweenwhenafungusfruits."Rossmansaysthat'swhyit'ssovaluabletohavepeoplelikeTaylorLockwoodsearchingthroughtheforestwithatrainedeye.Afewyearsago,TaylorLockwoodrealizedthatstillphotosweren'tsufficient,sohechosetocreatetime-lapse(延時(shí)拍攝的)videosofmushrooms."WhenIdotime-lapse,Iseesomuchlifehappeningaroundthemushrooms—insects,wormsandothersmallcreaturesinteractingwiththem,"hesays.Lockwood'sloveforartisevidentinhisapproachtofilmingmushroomsovertime.Althoughheappreciatesthescientificaspectofhiswork,heidentifieshimselfasanartistatheart.4．Whatcanwelearnaboutmushroomamateursfromparagraph1?A．Theykeepclosetrackofthegrowthoffungi.B．Theyhelpidentifynewspeciesofmushroom.C．Theyreplaceprofessionalscientistsinthefield.D．Theyclassifythemajorityofmushroomspecies.5．WhatinspiredLockwoodtophotographmushrooms?A．Hisdesireforknowledge.B．Hiscuriosityaboutnature.C．Thebeautyofnearbymushrooms.D．Theappealofoutdoorphotography.6．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLockwoodaccordingtoparagraph3?A．Skilledandobservant. B．Focusedandflexible.C．Talentedandoptimistic. D．Organizedandresponsible.7．WhydidLockwooddecidetomaketime-lapsevideosofmushrooms?A．Toimprovehisphotographytechniques.B．Tocapturedynamiclifeinanartisticway.C．Tocollectbiologicaldataforfurtherresearch.D．Toadoptanewapproachtoscientificstudies.閱讀理解Whenweencounteratroublesomeproblem,weoftengatheragrouptobrainstorm.However,substantialevidencehasshownthatwhenwegenerateideastogether,wefailtomaximizecollectiveintelligence.Tounearththehiddenpotentialinteams,we'rebetteroffshiftingtoaprocesscalled"brainwriting".Youstartbyaskinggroupmemberstowritedownwhatisgoingonintheirbrainsseparately.Next,youpoolthemandsharethemamongthegroupwithouttellingtheauthors.Then,eachmemberevaluatesthemonhisorherown,onlyafterwhichdotheteammemberscometogethertoselectandimprovethemostpromisingoptions.Bydevelopingandassessingideasindividuallybeforechoosingandexpandingonthem,theteamcansurfaceandadvancepossibilitiesthatmightnotgetattentionotherwise.Anexampleofgreatbrainwritingwasin2010when33minersweretrappedundergroundinChile.Giventheurgencyofthesituation,therescueteamdidn'tholdbrainstormingsessions.Rather,theyestablishedaglobalbrainwritingsystemtogenerateindividualideas.A24-year-oldengineercameupwithatinyplastictelephone.Thisspecializedtoolendedupbecomingtheonlymeansofcommunicatingwiththeminers,makingitpossibletosavethem.ResearchbyorganizationalbehaviorscholarAnitaWoolleyandhercolleagueshelpstoexplainwhythismethodworks.Theyfindthatthekeytocollectiveintelligenceisbalancedparticipation.Inbrainstormingmeetings,it'stooeasyforparticipationtobecomeone-sidedinfavoroftheloudestvoices.Thebrainwritingprocessensuresthatallideasarebroughttothetableandallvoicesarebroughtintoconversation.Thegoalisn'ttobethesmartestpersonintheroom.It'stomaketheroomsmarter.Collectiveintelligencebeginswithindividualcreativity,butitdoesn'tendthere.Individualsproduceagreatervolumeandvarietyofnovelideaswhentheyworkalone.Thatmeanstheynotonlycomeupwithmorebrilliantideasthangroupsbutalsomoreterribleideas.Therefore,ittakescollectivejudgmenttofindthesignalinthenoiseandbringoutthebestideas.8．Whatisspecialaboutbrainwritingcomparedwithbrainstorming?A．Ithighlightsindependentwork.B．Itencouragesgroupcooperation.C．Itprioritizesqualityoverquantity.D．Itpreferswritingtooralexchanges.9．WhydoestheauthormentiontheChileminingaccidentinparagraph3?A．Tointroduceatooldevelopedduringbrainwriting.B．Topraiseayoungmanwithbrainwritingtechnique.C．Toillustrateasuccessfulapplicationofbrainwriting.D．Toexplaintheroleofbrainwritingincommunication.10．Howdoesbrainwritingpromotecollectiveintelligenceaccordingtoparagraph4?A．Byblockingtheloudestvoices.B．Byallowingequalinvolvement.C．Byimprovingindividualwisdom.D．Bygeneratingmorecreativeideas.11．Whichstepofbrainwritingdoestheauthorstressinthelastparagraph?A．Individualwriting. B．Groupsharing.C．Personalevaluation. D．Jointdiscussion.閱讀理解AsmostAmericansspendatleast50%oftheirfoodbudgetdiningout,publiccriticismfallsonrestaurantstohelpconsumersmakehealthierfoodchoices.TheMenuLabelingFinalRulehascomeintoeffect,requiringrestaurantswithmorethan20locationstoshowthecaloriesoffoodonmenus.Byrepresentingthesevaluesinadiscrepantway—usingphysicallylargernumbersonthepageforlower-calorieoptions,andsmallernumbersforhigh-caloriefoods—businessescanshiftcustomers'preferencestowardhealthierfood,accordingtoRuiyingCaifromtheWashingtonStateUniversity.Intheirstudy,Caiandhercolleaguesaskedparticipantstochoosebetweenalesshealthyitemandahealthieroptionafterrandomlyassigningthemtotwogroups.Inthefirstgroup,caloriecountsandfont(字體)sizesroseandfelltogether.Inthesecondgroup,thesizebecamelargerasthecaloriecountfell.Researchersalsoaskedparticipantsquestionstoassesstheirhealth-consciousness.Resultsshowedparticipantsinthesecondgroup,whosawlowcaloriecountsprintedinlargesizes,weremorelikelytoadoptthehealthieroption.Moreover,lesshealth-consciousparticipantswerethemostaffected,whilepeoplewithmorehealthawarenesswerelessinfluencedsincetheyalreadyfavoredhealthierfood.ThisresearchadjustedcustomerbehaviorsbycreatingaStroopeffect.NamedafterpsychologistJ.RidleyStroop,theStroopeffectreferstoadelayinreactiontomismatchinitsclassicform.Forexample,iftheword"purple"iswritteningreen,ittakesrespondentslongertimetoidentifythecolorthanifthewordandthecolormatch.Similarly,theeffectisobservedwhenthephysicalsizeofthenumberdoesnotmatchitsnumberinthisstudy."Restaurantsareinterestedinencouragingcustomerstomakehealthierchoices,"Caisaid.However,simplylabelingthefoodashealthymaynothavetheintendedeffect."Healthyfooditemscouldbeprofitableforrestaurants,butwhenevera‘healthy'labelisattached,peoplemayassumeitdoesnottastegood,"sheexplained."We'retryingtoproviderestaurantswithindirectsuggestions,ratherthansayingitoutloud."12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"discrepant"inparagraph2mean?A．Creative. B．Relative.C．Conflicting. D．Misleading13．Whichofthefollowingtypeofcustomerswouldbenefitmostfromtheresearch?A．Strictdietfollowers. B．Conveniencefoodfans.C．Homemademeallovers. D．Healthmagazinereaders.14．Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A．Thesignificanceofresearchresults.B．Themeasurementofresponsedelays.C．Thepsychologicalbasisofthestudydesign.D．TheinfluentialvariationsoftheStroopeffect.15．WhichofthefollowingmightbeCai'ssuggestionforrestaurants?A．Usefontmagictodrivehealthierchoices.B．Paymoreattentiontothetasteofthefood.C．Createaquietdiningatmosphereforcustomers.D．Attach"healthy"labelstothefoodonthemenu.二、第二部分，閱讀，第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ArtificialIntelligence(AI)geolocation(互聯(lián)網(wǎng)定位技術(shù))solutionsarechangingthewayresearcherstrackandmonitorwildlife,enablingmorepowerfulconservationefforts.Thesesystemsuseadvancedsensors,satelliteimagery,andmachinelearningalgorithms(算法)togatherreal-timedataonanimalmovements,habitatpreferences,andmigrationpatterns.16．Traditionaltrackingmethodsoftenrelyonnon-automatictrackingorinconvenientnecklace-likesystems,whichmaycausestressanddiscomforttotheanimals.17．Thedevicescanworkastagsandthecameratrapscanbesetupremotely,whichdecreaseshumanimpactonwildlife.Inaddition,AI-powereddevicescollectandanalyzedataprecisely.Throughtheirassistance,scientistscangaininsightsintohabitatchoicesandevaluatetheeffectofglobalwarmingonwildanimallocations.18．Forexample,byanalyzingthecollecteddata,conservationistscanpromotetargetedhabitatrestorationeffortsaccordingtothepatternsandconnectionstheydiscoveredwiththehelpofAIgeolocationdevices.19．Bymonitoringanimals'behavioralchangesinreal-time,researcherscanquicklydetectsignsofenvironmentalissues.Suddenchangesinananimal'smovementscouldindicatethreatsorproblems.Researcherscanthenrespondimmediately,potentiallysavingtheanimal'slife.Sharinggeolocationdatathroughonlineplatformscanalsohelpraiseawarenessaboutprotectingendangeredspecies.20．Thishelpthemfeelmoreconnectedtotheissueswildlifefaceinhabitats.Thebondpromotesasenseofresponsibilityamongindividualsandencouragesthemtocontributetowildlifeconservationeffortsthroughvariousmeans,suchasdonations,volunteerwork,andsoon.A.Thisknowledgeenablesthemtomakeaccurateandefficientdecisions.B.However,AItrackingdoesnotrequiredisturbingcontactwiththeanimals.C.AImonitoringneedsfewerbatteryreplacementsthanthetraditionalmethods.D.Thesolutionshaveofferedthefollowingkeybenefitstowildlifeconservation.E.Directlyengagingwithconservationeffortsgivespeopleafirst-handexperience.F.TheAIgeolocationtechnologysignificantlyreducestheneedformassivefieldwork.G.Withreal-timedata,theAIsolutionsalsofunctionasanearlywarningforwildliferisks.三、語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用，第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。LaurenSchroederwasvolunteeringatacommunityfoodbankatage14.Assheflledbagswith21．groceries,shenoticedthattherewereplentyoffoodthatcameincansandboxes,butshedidn'tseeanything.22．a(chǎn)ndhealthytogivetofamiliesinneed.Inspiredtomakea23．,shetoldherparentsthatshewantedtostartavegetablegardenontheirfarm,sothatpeoplecouldgetthe24．theyneeded.Althoughtheywere25．,herparentsmadeherawareofhowmuchworkitwouldtake.Still,theteenagerwasupforthe26．.Laurenmanagedtoreceivea(n)27．fromayouthorganizationtopayforseedsandgardening28．.Shedidalotofresearchonlinetofindoutwhatplants29．a(chǎn)ndwhatdidn't,whatneededshade,andwhichonesneededmorewater.Overthehotanddrysummer,she30．hercropsforweedsandwateredthembyhandeveryday.Herfirstharvestresultedin40poundsofproducethatshethen31．gaveawaytolocalfoodbanks,asoupkitchen,andanursinghome.More32．thanever,sherelaunchedherproject,doublingthesizeofhergardenand33．hervegetableselection.Sofar,shehasspentover1,000hoursworkinginhergardenanddonated7,000poundsofhome-grownproduce."Ilove34．,"saidLauren,now17."Manypeoplehelpyouout,butitmakesmore35．whenyouhelpotherpeopleout."21．A．preserved B．donated C．selected D．traded22．A．necessary B．beautiful C．valuable D．fresh23．A．change B．request C．choice D．profit24．A．guidance B．information C．nutrition D．service25．A．supportive B．doubtful C．protective D．mindful26．A．competition B．performance C．a(chǎn)ssignment D．challenge27．A．invitation B．fund C．opinion D．certificate28．A．methods B．products C．supplies D．lessons29．A．worked B．developed C．happened D．improved30．A．a(chǎn)rranged B．checked C．prepared D．exchanged31．A．carefully B．secretly C．temporarily D．generously32．A．a(chǎn)mused B．relieved C．motivated D．exhausted33．A．expanding B．a(chǎn)ssessing C．presenting D．defending34．A．movingon B．weighingup C．showingoff D．givingback35．A．effort B．difference C．money D．progress四、語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用，第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Withover1.5millionfansonChinesesocialmediaplatforms,RachellabelsherselfasaGerman-Americanvlogger(視頻博主)whospeaksChinese.36．manymaynotknowisthatshespentherchildhoodinGuangdongand37．(call)Chinaherhomesincetheageofsix.Rachel'sjourneyasa38．(create)ofdigitalcontentbeganduringhertimeatXiamenUniversity,whenshestartedsharingvideosabouthereverydaylifeandhottopicsinChina.39．(film)influentMandarin,occasionallywithaCantoneseaccent,hervideosquicklycapturedtheinterestofmanyviewers.Rachel'sexceptionalcommandoftheChineselanguagehasopeneddoors40．excitingjobopportunities.In2022,shebecamethefirstregularfemaleguestonaculturalinterviewprograminChina41．featuresforeignersasthemainguests.Herpopularity42．(boost)furtherin2023,thankstoMyGuangdongStory,43．six-episodedocumentaryseriesthatexploredthelivesofforeignersinGuangdong."IamactuallyaCantonese,andGuangdongismyhome,"Rachelshares44．(warm).Withherpassion,languageskills,andgenuineloveforChina,Rachelcontinuestoinspirehervastonlinecommunity,45．(bridge)culturesandbuildingconnectionsacrossborders五、寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)46．假定你是李華，學(xué)校正通過(guò)校英文報(bào)向同學(xué)們征集暑期學(xué)生社會(huì)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)的建議。請(qǐng)你寫一篇短文投稿，內(nèi)容包括：

1.活動(dòng)建議；

2.活動(dòng)意義；

3.你的期待。注意：

1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearEditor,……Sincerelyyours,LiHua47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。WhenIwassevenyearsold,myfamilymovedfromMexicotoAmerica.InMexico,Iwasacheerfulgirlwholovedmakingpeoplelaughwithmyjokesandinventingfungamestoplaywithmyfriends.However,whenIarrivedinAmerica,Ifoundithardtofitin,andIbecamequieter.Welivedinasmallhousewithamodestyardwherewegrewvegetables—myresponsibility.WhileItookprideinwatchingthemgrow,thereweretimeswhenIdreamedofhavingabeautifulgardenlikemyschoolmateLuella's,withitsdelicatetulips(郁金香).AlthoughLuellalivedinthesameneighborhoodasme,webarelykneweachother.ItwasafteratornadothatLuellaandIfinallybecameclosefriends.ThetornadostruckonaSundayafternoon.Thegentlebreezetransformedintoastrongwind,andthickgraycloudsfilledthesky.Gradually,thetornadotookshape,startingasathinropeandgrowingintoalargeblackfunnel(漏斗).Myentirefamilygatheredinthebathroom,seekingshelterfromthestorm.Terrified,Isatclosetomymom,kneesinmychest.Afterthestormhadpassed,ourworriesandfearswerereplacedbyreliefthatwewereunharmedandthatourhousehadremainedundamaged.AsIsteppedoutside,Iwitnessedtheextentofthedamagethetornadohadcausedtoourneighborhood.Acrossthestreet,atalltreehadfallen,crushingLuella'sgardeninfrontofheryellowhouse.Wehurriedovertocheckonit.Fortunately,herfamilyseemedtobeawayatthetime,andnoonewasinjured.However,heronce-beautifulgardenwasinruins,withthefallentreedestroyingthetulipsanddebris(碎片)spreadeverywhere.Icouldonlyimaginehowheartbrokentheymustfeelseeingthis.Thenmymom'susualwordsranginmyear,"Itismoreblessedtogivethantoreceive,"andmyfamilystartedtothinkabouthowwecouldhelp.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Justatthatmoment,Luella'sfamilyreturnedintheircar.……Evenafterthedebriswascleared,IcouldstillsenseLuella'ssorrowforherlostgarden.

答案解析部分【答案】1．C2．C3．A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了波士頓公共圖書館中央館志愿導(dǎo)游的職責(zé)、資格、培訓(xùn)和評(píng)估要求。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解，包含細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題，是一篇介紹類閱讀，注意先略讀文章，掌握文章大意，再分析題干及選項(xiàng)，到文中找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容并進(jìn)行理解。1．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)ROLEANDEXPECTATIONS部分中的"ToconductpublicandprivategrouptoursoftheCentralLibrary'sart,architecture,andexhibitions,answeringquestionsfromgroupsandrecordingattendancestatisticsaftertoursconclude."帶領(lǐng)公眾和私人團(tuán)體參觀中央圖書館的藝術(shù)、建筑和展覽，回答團(tuán)體的問(wèn)題，并在參觀結(jié)束后記錄參觀人數(shù)。可知，導(dǎo)游需要在參觀結(jié)束后記錄參觀者的人數(shù)。故選C。2．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)TRAINING部分中的"Newguidesareexpectedtocompletetrainingaroundfourmonths.Progressevaluationswillbeongoingthroughoutthetrainingperiod,andcontinuethroughthefirstsixmonthsofworkingasafullguide."新導(dǎo)游預(yù)計(jì)將在四個(gè)月左右完成培訓(xùn)。在整個(gè)培訓(xùn)期間將持續(xù)進(jìn)行進(jìn)度評(píng)價(jià)，并在工作的頭六個(gè)月期間作為全面指導(dǎo)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行?？芍?，訓(xùn)練期預(yù)計(jì)持續(xù)四個(gè)月，之后新導(dǎo)游在開始完整工作的頭六個(gè)月內(nèi)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行評(píng)估。因此，總的評(píng)估期為4個(gè)月的訓(xùn)練加上6個(gè)月的新工作期，共計(jì)10個(gè)月。故選C。3．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)REQUIREMENTS部分中的"Minimumcommitmentoftwotourspermonth(or24toursperyear)."每月最少承諾兩次旅游(或每年24次)?？芍枰總€(gè)月最少完成兩次導(dǎo)覽，若未達(dá)到這個(gè)最低工作時(shí)數(shù)，則可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致差評(píng)。故選A。【答案】4．B5．C6．A7．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，介紹了TaylorLockwood，一名蘑菇愛(ài)好者和攝影師，在真菌學(xué)領(lǐng)域做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇人物類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"However,professionalsinthefieldarenotaloneintheireffortstouncovernewspecies.Anenthusiasticcommunityofamateurshasemerged,bridgingthegapbetweenprofessionalsandnon-professionals.Theseamateurshaveevenmadesignificantdiscoveries."然而，在發(fā)現(xiàn)新物種的努力中，該領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人士并不孤單。一個(gè)熱情的業(yè)余愛(ài)好者社區(qū)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)，彌合了專業(yè)人士和非專業(yè)人士之間的差距。這些業(yè)余愛(ài)好者甚至有了重大發(fā)現(xiàn)?？芍⒐綈?ài)好者們?cè)谔剿餍抡婢贩N方面有重大發(fā)現(xiàn)，故選B。5．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"In1984,whilelivingontheMendocinocoastofCalifornia,TaylorLockwooddevelopedafascinationwithmushrooms.‘Outsidemycottageweretheseamazingmushrooms,'hesays.‘Anditwasasifthesemushroomslookedatmeandsaid,‘Taylor,gooutandtelltheworldhowprettyweare.'"1984年，泰勒·洛克伍德(TaylorLockwood)住在加利福尼亞州的門多西諾海岸，對(duì)蘑菇產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣。"我的小屋外面有這些神奇的蘑菇，"他說(shuō)。"就好像這些蘑菇看著我說(shuō)，‘泰勒，出去告訴世界我們有多漂亮。'可知，小屋附近蘑菇的美讓Taylor決定用相機(jī)去拍攝它們，故選C。6．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"IntheMonongahelaNationalForest,TaylorLockwooddiscoveredanunusualmushroomthatlookedliketinyfingerswearingoff-whitegloves."在莫農(nóng)加希拉國(guó)家森林，泰勒·洛克伍德(TaylorLockwood)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種不尋常的蘑菇，看起來(lái)像戴著灰白色手套的小手指?？芍?，Taylor在森林里發(fā)現(xiàn)了稀有的蘑菇品種；以及"‘Theydon'tcomeupatthesametimeeveryyear,andsosometimesitcanbedecadesbetweenwhenafungusfruits.'Rossmansaysthat'swhyit'ssovaluabletohavepeoplelikeTaylorLockwoodsearchingthroughtheforestwithatrainedeye.""它們不會(huì)每年在同一時(shí)間出現(xiàn)，所以有時(shí)真菌結(jié)出果實(shí)之間可能需要幾十年的時(shí)間。"羅斯曼說(shuō)，這就是為什么像泰勒·洛克伍德這樣的人用訓(xùn)練有素的眼睛在森林中搜索如此有價(jià)值的原因?？赏浦?，Taylor是一個(gè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)且善于觀察的人，故選A。7．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"‘WhenIdotime-lapse,Iseesomuchlifehappeningaroundthemushrooms—insects,wormsandothersmallcreaturesinteractingwiththem,'hesays.Lockwood'sloveforartisevidentinhisapproachtofilmingmushroomsovertime.Althoughheappreciatesthescientificaspectofhiswork,heidentifieshimselfasanartistatheart.""當(dāng)我進(jìn)行延時(shí)攝影時(shí)，我看到蘑菇周圍發(fā)生了很多生命——昆蟲、蠕蟲和其他小生物與它們互動(dòng)，"他說(shuō)。洛克伍德對(duì)藝術(shù)的熱愛(ài)體現(xiàn)在他隨著時(shí)間的推移拍攝蘑菇的方法上。盡管他欣賞自己作品的科學(xué)方面，但他將自己視為內(nèi)心的藝術(shù)家?？赏浦?，Taylor決定拍攝蘑菇的延時(shí)視頻是為了以藝術(shù)的方式捕捉動(dòng)態(tài)生活，故選B。【答案】8．A9．C10．B11．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，大量證據(jù)表明，當(dāng)我們運(yùn)用頭腦風(fēng)暴共同產(chǎn)生想法時(shí)，我們無(wú)法最大限度地提高集體智慧。為了挖掘團(tuán)隊(duì)中隱藏的潛力，我們最好進(jìn)行"書面頭腦風(fēng)暴法"。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，通讀全文，理解文章大意，閱讀題目后返回原文閱讀并找出與題目相對(duì)應(yīng)的內(nèi)容，仔細(xì)核對(duì)，選擇符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次閱讀并檢查。8．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"Youstartbyaskinggroupmemberstowritedownwhatisgoingonintheirbrainsseparately.Next,youpoolthemandsharethemamongthegroupwithouttellingtheauthors.Then,eachmemberevaluatesthemonhisorherown,onlyafterwhichdotheteammemberscometogethertoselectandimprovethemostpromisingoptions."你首先要求小組成員分別寫下他們大腦中發(fā)生的事情。接下來(lái)，你將它們匯集在一起，并在不告訴作者的情況下在小組中共享。然后，每個(gè)成員自己對(duì)其進(jìn)行評(píng)估，只有在評(píng)估之后，團(tuán)隊(duì)成員才會(huì)聚集在一起，選擇并改進(jìn)最有希望的選項(xiàng)?？芍c頭腦風(fēng)暴相比，書面頭腦風(fēng)暴法的特別之處在于它強(qiáng)調(diào)獨(dú)立工作。故選A。9．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"Anexampleofgreatbrainwritingwasin2010when33minersweretrappedundergroundinChile."2010年，智利有33名礦工被困井下，這就是一個(gè)偉大的腦力寫作的例子?？赏浦?，作者在本段提到智利的采礦事故是為了說(shuō)明書面頭腦風(fēng)暴法的成功應(yīng)用。故選C。10．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的"Thebrainwritingprocessensuresthatallideasarebroughttothetableandallvoicesarebroughtintoconversation.Thegoalisn'ttobethesmartestpersonintheroom."書面頭腦風(fēng)暴法確保所有的想法都能被帶到桌面上，所有的聲音都能被帶入對(duì)話。我們的目標(biāo)不是成為房間里最聰明的人?？芍?，書面頭腦風(fēng)暴法要求每個(gè)人都參與，貢獻(xiàn)自己的智慧。因此，通過(guò)允許平等參與促進(jìn)集體智力。故選B。11．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段"Collectiveintelligencebeginswithindividualcreativity,butitdoesn'tendthere.Individualsproduceagreatervolumeandvarietyofnovelideaswhentheyworkalone.Thatmeanstheynotonlycomeupwithmorebrilliantideasthangroupsbutalsomoreterribleideas.Therefore,ittakescollectivejudgmenttofindthesignalinthenoiseandbringoutthebestideas."集體智慧始于個(gè)人創(chuàng)造力，但它并沒(méi)有就此結(jié)束。當(dāng)個(gè)人獨(dú)自工作時(shí)，他們會(huì)產(chǎn)生更多的新穎想法。這意味著他們不僅提出了比團(tuán)體更聰明的想法，而且提出了更可怕的想法。因此，需要集體判斷才能在噪聲中找到信號(hào)并提出最佳想法。可知，集體智慧始于個(gè)人創(chuàng)造力，但是在個(gè)人產(chǎn)生想法后，要有集體判斷才能得到最佳想法。因此本段強(qiáng)調(diào)了共同討論的重要性。故選D?！敬鸢浮?2．C13．B14．C15．D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于在餐館食物消費(fèi)上，顧客心理及消費(fèi)行為的研究。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測(cè)和段落大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，掌握大意，然后結(jié)合具體的題目，再讀短文，從中找出相關(guān)信息，就可以確定正確答案。12．考查詞義猜測(cè)。詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的"usingphysicallylargernumbersonthepageforlower-calorieoptions,andsmallernumbersforhigh-caloriefoods"在頁(yè)面上用較大的數(shù)字表示低熱量食物，用較小的數(shù)字表示高熱量食物，可知，字號(hào)大小與卡路里數(shù)值大小不匹配，即相互矛盾，可推知?jiǎng)澗€詞discrepant是"矛盾，沖突"之意，故選C。13．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段"Resultsshowedparticipantsinthesecondgroup,whosawlowcaloriecountsprintedinlargesizes,weremorelikelytoadoptthehealthieroption.Moreover,lesshealth-consciousparticipantswerethemostaffected,whilepeoplewithmorehealthawarenesswerelessinfluencedsincetheyalreadyfavoredhealthierfood."結(jié)果顯示，第二組的參與者看到低卡路里計(jì)數(shù)打印成大尺寸，更有可能采用更健康的選擇。此外，健康意識(shí)較差的參與者受影響最大，而健康意識(shí)較強(qiáng)的人受影響較小，因?yàn)樗麄円呀?jīng)喜歡更健康的食物。可知，健康意識(shí)薄弱的參與者最容易受影響。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中方便食品愛(ài)好者的健康意識(shí)最為薄弱，故選B。14．考查段落大意。根據(jù)第五段中的"ThisresearchadjustedcustomerbehaviorsbycreatingaStroopeffect.."這項(xiàng)研究通過(guò)創(chuàng)造Stroop效應(yīng)來(lái)調(diào)整客戶行為，可知，本段介紹了研究背后的心理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。故選C。15．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Healthyfooditemscouldbeprofitableforrestaurants,butwhenevera‘healthy'labelisattached,peoplemayassumeitdoesnottastegood,"健康食品對(duì)餐館來(lái)說(shuō)可能是有利可圖的，但每當(dāng)貼上"健康"標(biāo)簽時(shí)，人們可能會(huì)認(rèn)為它味道不好，可知，"健康"的標(biāo)簽使得食客將健康食物與難吃掛鉤。因此，本研究可能有助于改善這一認(rèn)知。故選D。【答案】16．D；17．B；18．A；19．G；20．E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)地理定位技術(shù)如何改變追蹤和監(jiān)測(cè)野生動(dòng)物的方式，以及這些技術(shù)帶來(lái)的好處。

【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查七選五，本文是一篇科技類閱讀，要求在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，著重考查對(duì)上下文的理解和推理判斷能力。16．根據(jù)空后"Traditionaltrackingmethodsoftenrelyonnon-automatictrackingorinconvenientnecklace-likesystems,whichmaycausestressanddiscomforttotheanimals."傳統(tǒng)的追蹤方法往往依賴于非自動(dòng)追蹤或不方便的項(xiàng)鏈狀系統(tǒng)，這可能會(huì)給動(dòng)物帶來(lái)壓力和不適。圍繞"互聯(lián)網(wǎng)定位技術(shù)對(duì)于野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)的好處"開展。D.Thesolutionshaveofferedthefollowingkeybenefitstowildlifeconservation."這些解決方案為野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)提供了以下關(guān)鍵好處。"概括本段內(nèi)容，符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。17．根據(jù)空前"Traditionaltrackingmethodsoftenrelyonnon-automatictrackingorinconvenientnecklace-likesystems，whichmaycausestressanddiscomforttotheanimals."傳統(tǒng)的追蹤方法往往依賴于非自動(dòng)追蹤或不方便的項(xiàng)鏈狀系統(tǒng)，這可能會(huì)給動(dòng)物帶來(lái)壓力和不適?？芍挛慕榻BAI跟蹤系統(tǒng)和動(dòng)物接觸情況。B.However,AItrackingdoesnotrequiredisturbingcontactwiththeanimals."然而，人工智能追蹤不需要干擾動(dòng)物的接觸。"承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。18．根據(jù)空前"Throughtheirassistance，scientistscangaininsightsintohabitatchoicesandevaluatetheeffectofglobalwarmingonwildanimallocations."通過(guò)他們的幫助，科學(xué)家可以深入了解棲息地的選擇，并評(píng)估全球變暖對(duì)野生動(dòng)物棲息地的影響。說(shuō)明下文是了解這些信息的好處。A.Thisknowledgeenablesthemtomakeaccurateandefficientdecisions."這些知識(shí)使他們能夠做出準(zhǔn)確高效的決策。"承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。19．根據(jù)空后"Bymonitoringanimals'behavioralchangesinreal-time，researcherscanquicklydetectsignsofenvironmentalissues.Suddenchangesinananimal'smovementscouldindicatethreatsorproblems.Researcherscanthenrespondimmediately，potentiallysavingtheanimal'slife."通過(guò)實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)動(dòng)物的行為變化，研究人員可以快速發(fā)現(xiàn)環(huán)境問(wèn)題的跡象。動(dòng)物動(dòng)作的突然變化可能預(yù)示著威脅或問(wèn)題。然后，研究人員可以立即做出反應(yīng)，有可能挽救動(dòng)物的生命。可知，此段落講述了實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)可以讓研究人員快速發(fā)現(xiàn)環(huán)境問(wèn)題的跡象。G.Withreal-timedata,theAIsolutionsalsofunctionasanearlywarningforwildliferisks."通過(guò)實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)，人工智能解決方案還可以作為野生動(dòng)物風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的預(yù)警。"符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。20．根據(jù)空后"Thishelpthemfeelmoreconnectedtotheissueswildlifef