講與練14-細(xì)節(jié)理解題攻略(解析版)

2022年高考英語大二輪復(fù)習(xí)講與練（通用版）14細(xì)節(jié)理解題攻略【高頻考點回顧】【題型解讀】1.命題要求:對閱讀材料中的某一具體事實和細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行理解;占閱讀理解總題量的60%左右,是最重要的得分點。2.設(shè)題角度:根據(jù)文章中的具體信息,如事實、例證、原因、過程、論述等進(jìn)行提問。3.解題思路:有些問題可以在文章中直接找到答案;有些需要在理解的基礎(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到答案,比如計算、排序、圖形比較等。4.解題方法:細(xì)節(jié)理解題的破解一般采用尋讀法,即先看試題,再讀文章。對有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位,再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合、甄別、分析、對比,有依據(jù)地排除干擾項,選出正確答案?！菊_選項特征】1.同義替換:對原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義替換;2.語言簡化:把原文中的復(fù)雜語言現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行簡化;3.正話反說:把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)。【干擾選項特征】1.擴(kuò)縮范圍:與文章細(xì)節(jié)部分吻合,部分相悖;2.無中生有:明顯與文章內(nèi)容不符或沒有提及;3.偷梁換柱:符合常識,但不是文章內(nèi)容;4.張冠李戴:是文章細(xì)節(jié),但不符合題干要求或不是要點;5.正誤參半:部分正確,部分錯誤?！窘獯鸺记伞考记?直接信息題:“一定、二找、三比較”【真題示例】(2021·全國甲卷·B)PortLympneReserve,whichrunsabreeding(繁育)programme,haswelcomedthearrivalofarareblackrhinocalf(犀牛幼崽).WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.AndofficialsatPortLympneweredelightedwiththenewarrival,especiallyasblackrhinosareknownforbeingdifficulttobreedincaptivity(圈養(yǎng)).PaulBeer,headofrhinosectionatPortLympne,said:“Obviouslywe’reallabsolutelydelightedtowelcomeanothercalftoourblackrhinofamily.She’shealthy,strongandalreadyeagertoplayandexplore.Hermother,Solio,isafirst-timemumandsheisdoingafantasticjob.It’sstillalittletoocoldforthemtogooutintotheopen,butassoonastheweatherwarmsup,Ihavenodoubtthatthelittleonewillbeoutandaboutexploringandplayingeveryday.”Theadorablefemalecalfisthesecondblackrhinobornthisyearatthereserve,butitistooearlytotellifthecalveswillmakegoodcandidatestobereturnedtoprotectedareasofthewild.ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.Hismother,grandmotherandgreatgrandmotherwereallbornatthereserveandstilllivethere.AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,theglobalblackrhinopopulationhasdroppedaslowas5500,givingtherhinosa“criticallyendangered”status.6.WhatsimilarexperiencedoSolioandKisimahave?A.TheyhadtheirfirstborninJanuary.B.Theyenjoyedexploringnewplaces.C.Theylivedwiththeirgrandmothers.D.Theywerebroughttothereserveyoung.【思路分析】一定定位題干中的關(guān)鍵詞:similarexperience;SolioandKisima二找用similarexperience;SolioandKisima尋讀,在文中找到信息句——文章第一段“WhenthetinycreaturearrivedonJanuary31,shebecamethe40thblackrhinotobebornatthereserve.(1月31日,當(dāng)這頭小犀牛來到保護(hù)區(qū)時,她成為了第40頭在保護(hù)區(qū)出生的黑犀牛)”以及文章倒數(shù)第二段“ThefirstrhinotobebornatPortLympnearrivedonJanuary5tofirst-timemotherKisimaandweighedabout32kg.(1月5日,犀牛媽媽Kisima分娩的第一頭小犀牛,同時也是第一頭出生在PortLympne的犀牛,體重約為32千克)三比較比較選項和信息句可知,Solio和Kisima的第一個孩子都是在一月份出生的。故選A。

技巧2間接信息題:“提取、辨別、再轉(zhuǎn)化”【真題示例】(2021·全國乙卷·D·節(jié)選)Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction(干擾)inhisopenoffice,hesaid,“That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus”.Hiscommentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout(布局).ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheycompletedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedtovariousnoiselevelsinthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels(分貝),70decibels,and85decibels.Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop—significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggestthatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.32.Whydoestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspace?A.Ithelpshimconcentrate.B.Itblocksoutbackgroundnoise.C.Ithasapleasantatmosphere.D.Itencouragesface-to-faceinteractions.【思路分析】提取尋讀題目提取關(guān)鍵詞:theinterviewer;preferacoworkingspace辨別辨別選項(Ithelpshimconcentrate)與原文(第一段“That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet-soIcanfocus.”那就是為什么我在街對面的公用辦公空間有會員資格——這樣我就可以集中精力了。)可知,受訪者喜歡共享辦公空間的原因是那里他更能集中精力。再轉(zhuǎn)化比對選項和信息句可知,concentrate替換了文中的focus,進(jìn)行了語義轉(zhuǎn)化。故選A。

技巧3數(shù)字計算題:“找數(shù)字、深分析、巧運算”【真題示例】(2021·全國乙卷·A·節(jié)選)TheBiggestStadiumsintheWorldPeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.Inaround80A.D.,theRomansbuilttheColosseum,whichremainstheworld’sbestknownstadiumandcontinuestoinformcontemporarydesign.Rome’sColosseumwas157feettallandhad80entrances,seating50,000people.However,thatwassmallfrycomparedwiththecity’sCircusMaximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.Thesedays,safetyregulations-nottomentionthemodernsportsfan’sdesireforagoodviewandacomfortableseat—tendtokeepstadiumcapacities(容量)slightlylower.Evensoccerfanstendtohaveaseateach;gonearethedaysofthousandsstandingtowatchthematch.21.HowmanypeoplecouldtheCircusMaximushold?A.104,944. B.107,601.C.About150,000. D.About250,000.【思路分析】找數(shù)字找出題干中的數(shù)字信息:Howmanypeople深分析根據(jù)文中信息源——第一段最后一句“However,thatwassmallfrycomparedwiththecity’sCircusMaximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.”(然而,與這座城市容納了大約25萬人的大競技場相比,那只是小巫見大巫。)巧運算CircusMaximus可以容納大約250000人。故選D。

【高頻考點強化】1Regardlessofhowfamoustheyare,anddespitethestartreatmenttheyreceive,manycelebritiesmakeitapointtogivebacktocharities.Somehaveevensetuptheirownprivatefoundations.Theirwidelypublicisedvisitstotroubledareasoftheworldhelptoraiseawarenessofissuessuchasfamineandpoverty.AccordingtoJaneCooperofUnicefUK,celebritieshaveauniqueabilitytoreachhugenumbersofpeople,manyofwhommightnototherwisebeengagedincharitablecauses.Shepointedoutthatfamousfaceshadplayedasignificantroleinraisingfundsinrecentyears,andtheirenergieshadproducedtangibleresults,suchasenablingmillionsofchildreninpoorercountriestoattendschool.Butinspiteofthesesuccessesthereisevidencetosuggestthatcelebrityendorsement(代言)maybeoverrated.Inasurveyofmembersofthepublictofindoutifcelebrityinvolvementwouldencouragepeopletodonate,researchersfoundthattheimpactwasnotasgreataspreviouslythought.Whenshownalistofwell-knownorganisationsandfamouspeoplewhorepresentthem,overhalfofrespondentswereunabletomatchthecelebritywiththecause.What’smore,threequartersclaimedthattheydidn’trespondtocelebrityendorsementinanyway.Thesurveyalsoshowedthatafewnamesdidstandoutasbeingassociatedwithparticularcharities.Butthepresenceofacelebrityinacampaign,wasnotasignificantfactorwhenitcametoadecisiontodonatetimeormoney.Instead,themajorityofpeoplecontributebecauseofpersonalconnectionsintheirlivesandfamilieswhichmakeacharityimportanttothem.Inanotherstudyaimedatyoungpeople,mostparticipantscitedacompelling(無法抗拒的)missionastheirmainmotivationtogive.Thesecondmostimportantincentivewasifafriendorpeerrecommendedsupportingaparticularcause.Onlytwopercentofrespondentssaidtheyweremotivatedbycelebrityendorsement.Thisseemstocontradictthegeneralassumptionthatteenagersareparticularlyinfluencedbyfamouspeople.Onepossibleexplanationisthatthereisageneralfatigue(疲倦)withcelebrityculture.Thereisalsoasuspicionthatthestarsaretheonewhobenefitmostwhentheyoffertodocharitywork.Somecriticshaveaccusedthatcelebritiesmightactuallytakeattentionawayfromissuesbyattractingmoreattentionthanthecausestheyrepresent.Sotakingalltheseissuesintoaccount,isittimeforcharitiestorethinktheircampaignstrategiesandlookforalternativewaystoreachnewaudiences?Whicheverpointofviewyoufavour,thereseemstobeopportunitiesformoreresearchintohowcharitycampaignsmightdeveloprelationshipswithcelebritiestomaximisetheirpotential.Thisinturnwillopenupmoreengagement,andbettertargetedcampaigns-whichcanonlybenefitthosewhoreallymatter—thepeopleandanimalsthatareinneedofassistance.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tangible”inparagraphIprobablymean?A.Definite. B.Complicated. C.Limited. D.Temporary.2.Accordingtothepassage,mostpeoplecontributetocharitiesbecause________.A.theygainbenefitfromthecharitiesB.theyareforcedtofinishanecessarytaskC.theybelieveinthefamouspeopletheylikeD.theyareinspiredbythepeoplearoundthem3.Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout________.A.whatcelebritiesachieveindoingcharitiesB.HowyoungpeoplereacttocelebritycultureC.whyyoungpeoplearehardlyinfluencedbycelebritiesD.whoistoblamefortakingattentionawayfromcharities4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardscelebritydoingcharities?A.Objective. B.Positive.C.Negative. D.Unclear.【答案】ADCA【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要分析了名人做慈善的利與弊。1.詞句猜測題。第一段劃線詞所在句“Shepointedoutthatfamousfaceshadplayedasignificantroleinraisingfundsinrecentyears,andtheirenergieshadproducedtangibleresults,suchasenablingmillionsofchildreninpoorercountriestoattendschool.(她指出，名人近年來在籌集資金方面發(fā)揮了重要作用，他們的精力產(chǎn)生了切實的成果，比如讓貧困國家的數(shù)百萬兒童上學(xué))”中的“suchasenablingmillionsofchildreninpoorercountriestoattendschool”部分表明，名人們在慈善方面的努力取得了實在的成果，所以可以推測tangible意為“切實的，實在的”。A.Definite.確切的；B.Complicated.復(fù)雜的；C.Limited.有限的；D.Temporary.暫時的。所以A選項和劃線詞詞義最接近，B、C、D都不符合。故選A項。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Instead,themajorityofpeoplecontributebecauseofpersonalconnectionsintheirlivesandfamilieswhichmakeacharityimportanttothem.(相反，大多數(shù)人捐款是因為他們生活和家庭中的私人關(guān)系，這使得慈善對他們很重要)”可知，大多數(shù)人向慈善機(jī)構(gòu)捐款是因為他們受到周圍人的鼓舞。故選D項。3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Onlytwopercentofrespondentssaidtheyweremotivatedbycelebrityendorsement.Thisseemstocontradictthegeneralassumptionthatteenagersareparticularlyinfluencedbyfamouspeople.(只有2%的受訪者說他們受到名人代言的激勵。這似乎與一般的假設(shè)相矛盾，即青少年特別容易受到名人的影響)”可知，與一般的假設(shè)相反的是，青年人幾乎不會受到名人的影響，余下內(nèi)容“Onepossibleexplanationisthat…Thereisalsoasuspicionthat…Somecriticshaveaccusedthat…”則主要講述了原因，所以第三段主要講述青少年幾乎不受名人影響的原因。故選C項。4.推理判斷題。文章前面主要講述了名人做慈善帶來的切實的成果以及被夸大的現(xiàn)象，最后一段“Sotakingalltheseissuesintoaccount,isittimeforcharitiestorethinktheircampaignstrategiesandlookforalternativewaystoreachnewaudiences?...Thisinturnwillopenupmoreengagement,andbettertargetedcampaigns-whichcanonlybenefitthosewhoreallymatter—thepeopleandanimalsthatareinneedofassistance.(因此，考慮到所有這些問題，慈善機(jī)構(gòu)是否應(yīng)該重新考慮他們的競選策略，尋找其他途徑來接觸新的受眾？……這反過來又會促進(jìn)更多的參與和更有針對性的運動——這只會讓真正重要的人受益——那些需要援助的人和動物)”提出慈善機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該多方考慮，最終目的是使得真正需要的人或動物受益。所以作者是以客觀的態(tài)度來分析名人做慈善這件事。A.Objective.客觀的；B.Positive.積極的；C.Negative.消極的；D.Unclear.不清楚的。故選A項。2Theconductoronthepodium(指揮臺)hasnobaton(指揮棒),notailcoatandnomusicalscore,butAndroidAlter3iskickingupastormasitguidesasymphonyorchestra'splayersthroughtheirpaces.Therobothasahumanoidface,handsandlowerarms,whichgesturewithwhatcouldpassforpassionasitbouncesupanddownandrotatesduringtheliveperformanceofKeiichiroShibuya'soperaScaryBeautyintheEmirateofSharjah.VideofromtherecentperformanceintheEmirateofSharjahshowedthemachineturningtofaceorchestramembersandwavingitsarms.Alter3evensangattimes.Shibuyasaidtheinvolvementofrobotsintheeverydaylivesofhumansiscontinuallyincreasing.But,hesaidhethinkspeoplewillneedtodecideinthefuturehowartificialintelligencecanbestimprovethehumanexperience.Shibuyaaddedthathebelieveshumansandrobotscanlearntoworktogethertocreatebeautifulart."Thisworkisametaphorofthatrelationsbetweenhumansandtechnology,"hesaid.Shibuyanotedthatsometimesthemusic-leadingrobotcan"getcrazy",makingitdifficultforthemusicianstokeepup.Butothertimes,thehumansandmachinescooperateverywell.ShibuyasaidtherobotsandAIthatexisttodayare"farfromcomplete".Heisinterestedinstudyinghowsuchincompletetechnologycanbecombinedwithart."Ithinkthisisaveryexcitingidea…Wecametoseewhatitlookslikeandhowmuchispossible,"saidAnnaKovacevic.Anotheraudiencemember,whogavehisnameonlyasBillum,saidaftertheshow,"Youknow,ahumanconductorissomuchbetter."AlthoughhesaidheisinterestedinAIandlooksforwardtobigdevelopments,heconcludedontheproject:"Thehumantouchislost."5.WhatdoesShibuyathinkofAlter3?A.Itisnotperfectatpresent. B.Itteamsupwithhumanswell.C.Itoftenmakeshumanscrazy. D.Itisbetterthanhumanconductors.6.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Theperformancedrewmixedreactions.B.Billumtooknointerestintheperformance.C.Theaudiencewerefascinatedbytheperformance.D.TheaudiencethoughtAlter3wouldhaveabrightfuture.7.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthecombinationofrobotsandart?A.Positive B.Negative. C.Objective. D.Critical.8.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.RobotCooperateswithHumansB.RobotConductsHumanOrchestraC.TheSignificanceofRobotsinArtD.TheRelationsBetweenAIandHumans【答案】AACB【解析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了機(jī)器人Alter3在EmirateofSharjah指揮人類管弦樂隊演出的情況，人們對此的觀點和不同反應(yīng)。5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Shibuyanotedthatsometimesthemusic-leadingrobotcan"getcrazy",makingitdifficultforthemusicianstokeepup.(Shibuya指出，有時候，指揮音樂的機(jī)器人會“發(fā)瘋”，讓音樂家很難跟上節(jié)奏)”和倒數(shù)第二段“ShibuyasaidtherobotsandAIthatexisttodayare"farfromcomplete".Heisinterestedinstudyinghowsuchincompletetechnologycanbecombinedwithart.(Shibuya說目前存在的機(jī)器人和人工智能“還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠完善”。他對研究這種不完善的技術(shù)如何與藝術(shù)結(jié)合很感興趣)”可知，Shibuya認(rèn)為Alter3目前還不完美，還需要改進(jìn)。故選A。6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“"Ithinkthisisaveryexcitingidea…,"saidAnnaKovacevic.Anotheraudiencemember,…saidaftertheshow,"Youknow,ahumanconductorissomuchbetter."…h(huán)econcludedontheproject:"Thehumantouchislost."”列舉的不同觀眾對機(jī)器人指揮人類管弦樂隊發(fā)表的觀點，可知這一表演引起了觀眾們不同的反應(yīng)。故選A。7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章后四段中“Shibuyasaid”，“hesaid”，“Shibuyaadded”，“saidAnnaKovacevic.”，“Anotheraudiencemember,whogavehisnameonlyasBillum,said”等內(nèi)容可知，作者在文中只是客觀引用了人們對機(jī)器人與藝術(shù)的結(jié)合的看法，并沒有發(fā)表自己的觀點。所以作者的態(tài)度是客觀的，故選C。8.主旨大意題。文章前三段介紹了機(jī)器人Alter3指揮人類管弦樂隊演出的情況，下文介紹了人們對此的觀點和不同反應(yīng)。B項RobotConductsHumanOrchestra概括了全文內(nèi)容，適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選B。3I’mMay.highschoolseniorsallaroundtheU.S.scramble(爭搶)togetreadyforprom.Prom.shortforpromenade,isaformaldanceheldbyahighschoolbeforegraduation.It'sanimportantaspectofAmericanschoolculturebecauseit'sthelasthigh-schooldanceseniorswilleverattend.Promentails(牽涉)countlesstraditions.Firstaguymustaskagirltogotopromwithhim.Mostguyschoosetodospecialpromproposalsinhopesofwinningthegirl'sheartwiththeircreativity.Thenhewillrentatuxedo(燕尾服),andthegirlwilloftengettheirhair,nailsandmakeupdoneprofessionally.Thatnightcoupleswilltakepictures,andthentheywilloftentakealimousine(豪華轎車)todinnerandtothedance.Severalreportsstatethatparentscanspendupwardof$2,000togivetheirkidstheperfectpromexperience.Thehistoryofpromcanbetracedbacktothelasthalfofthe1800s.Atthattime,Americanuniversitiesandcollegesorganizeddanceseachyearfortheirgraduatingstudents.Thepurposewasnotonlytoentertainthestudentsbutalsotopreparethemforthewiderworldbyteachingthempropermannersformenandwomen.Later,highschoolstookoverthepromtradition.Inthe1950s,highschoolsbeganmovingthedancefromtheirgymstobeautifulhotelsorcountryclubstomaketheeventevenmorespecial.Perhapsthemostamazingpromtookplacein1975,whenSusanFord,thedaughterofthecountry'spresident,receivedpermissiontoholdherhighschool'spromattheWhiteHouse.Sofar,nootherpromhasmanagedtotopthat.9.Whatdoesthisarticlemainlyexplainaboutprom?A.Itsunusualatmosphere.B.Itspresentandfuture.C.Itseducationalbenefits.D.Itscustomsandroots.10.Accordingtothisarticle,whatdotheparticipantsinprommainlypayattentionto?A.Theirappearance.B.Theirpossessions.C.Theirtransportation.D.Theirsupervisors.11.Whatwerepeoplesupposedtolearnfrompromatonetime?A.Whatmarketingplantouse.B.Howtobehavearoundothers.C.Whichfoodwasbesttoeat.D.Whentoearnagreatdegree.12.Accordingtothisarticle,wherewasaspecialeventheldmorethanfourdecadesago?A.Inanofficialresidence.B.Inaninternationalcourt.C.Inamotionpicturestudio.D.Inamoderngallery.【答案】DABA【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述畢業(yè)舞會的文化和起源。9.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“It'sanimportantaspectofAmericanschoolculturebecauseit'sthelasthigh-schooldanceseniorswilleverattend.”（這是美國學(xué)校文化的一個重要方面，因為這是高年級學(xué)生最后一次參加高中舞會。）第二段“Promentails(牽涉)countlesstraditions.”（舞會需要無數(shù)的傳統(tǒng)。）和第三段“Thehistoryofpromcanbetracedbacktothelasthalfofthe1800s.”（畢業(yè)舞會的歷史可以追溯到19世紀(jì)后半葉。）可知這篇文章主要講述了舞會的文化和起源，故選D。10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Firstaguymustaskagirltogotopromwithhim.Mostguyschoosetodospecialpromproposalsinhopesofwinningthegirl'sheartwiththeircreativity.Thenhewillrentatuxedo(燕尾服),andthegirlwilloftengettheirhair,nailsandmakeupdoneprofessionally.Thatnightcoupleswilltakepictures,andthentheywilloftentakealimousine(豪華轎車)todinnerandtothedance.”（首先，男生必須邀請女生和他一起去畢業(yè)舞會。大多數(shù)男生會選擇做一些特別的舞會求婚，希望用他們的創(chuàng)造力贏得女孩的心。然后他會租一件燕尾服，女孩會經(jīng)常讓專業(yè)人員做頭發(fā)、指甲和化妝。那天晚上，情侶們會拍照，然后他們通常會乘坐豪華轎車去吃飯和參加舞會。）可知，參加舞會的人員都很注重外表，故選A。11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Atthattime,Americanuniversitiesandcollegesorganizeddanceseachyearfortheirgraduatingstudents.Thepurposewasnotonlytoentertainthestudentsbutalsotopreparethemforthewiderworldbyteachingthempropermannersformenandwomen.”（當(dāng)時，美國的大學(xué)和學(xué)院每年都為他們的畢業(yè)生組織舞會。其目的不僅是為了使學(xué)生快樂，而且通過教導(dǎo)他們正確的禮儀，使他們?yōu)楦鼜V闊的世界做準(zhǔn)備。）可知當(dāng)時的畢業(yè)生舞會為不僅是為了使學(xué)生快樂，還要教導(dǎo)他們正確的禮儀，也就是如何在他人面前表現(xiàn)，故選B。12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Perhapsthemostamazingpromtookplacein1975,whenSusanFord,thedaughterofthecountry'spresident,receivedpermissiontoholdherhighschool'spromattheWhiteHouse.Sofar,nootherpromhasmanagedtotopthat.”（最令人驚嘆的畢業(yè)舞會可能發(fā)生在1975年，當(dāng)時美國總統(tǒng)的女兒蘇珊·福特(SusanFord)獲準(zhǔn)在白宮舉辦她的高中畢業(yè)舞會。到目前為止，還沒有其他畢業(yè)舞會能超越這一水平。）根據(jù)常識可知白宮是美國政府所在地，所以40多年前曾在官方府邸舉行了一場特別的舞會，故選A。4InthemagnificentrangeofmountainsofnorthernCalifornia,42radiotelescopespointtowardsthestars,scanningforsignsoflife.TheSearchforExtraterrestrialIntelligence（SETI）Institutehasbeenlisteningforasignalheresinceitwasfoundedin1984.JillTarter,itsco—founder,saystheprogrammedaimisnotjusttocommunicatewithremotecivilisations.Itisalsotoremindhumanbeingsofitsownmodest,fragile（脆弱的）placeintheuniverse.Thus,forthefirsttime,SETIiscockingitseartowardsEarthtolookforasignalthatcanbesentintospacetorepresentthespecies.FelipePerezSantiago,aMexicanmusicianandcomposer,hasanideaofwhatmightwork.Sincesongs,likethehumanvoices,arecommontoalllanguagesandnations,heandMs.Tarterhavedesignedthe“EarthlingProject”-acalltopeopleeverywheretouploadextracts（精華）ofsongthatheplanstomeltintoacollectivehumanchorus.Aninitialcompositionwillbelaunchedintospacethissummer,recordedonavirtuallyindestructibledisk.FutureplansanddreamsincludeaneventuallandingonMars.Humanmusichasbeensenttotheheavensin1977.DistantbeingscanintheoryalreadyenjoyPeruvianpanpipes,aNavajochant,Bach,Beethovenandmore.Butnopreviousoffering,andperhapsnocompositionundertakenanywhere,hastriedtoencompasstheentirediversityofhumansong.Mr.Santiagosaysheisthrilledaboutbringingtogethercontributorsfromaroundtheglobe.Unlikeotherrecordingssentintospace,saysMr.Santiago,“Everyone'sinvited.Youdon'thavetobeoneofthemaincomposersofourhistorylikeBeethoven,justsomeonesingingintheirshower.”Downloadthe“EarthlingProject"app,singuptothreesongsof30secondseach,andyourvoicewillbesentintothesky.13.WhydoesSETIlookforasignaltobesentintospace?A.Tostandforspeciesontheearth.B.Toscanforotherliveableplanets.C.Torespondtothecalloftheuniverse.D.Tostresstheimportanceoftheearth.14.Whatcanweinferaboutthe"EarthlingProject”?A.Itisaworldmusicorganization.B.Itintendstocreateahumanchorus.C.Ittriestodevelopauniversallanguage.D.Itaimstosearchforsignalsfromspace.15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“encompass"inParagraph3mean?A.Include. B.Appreciate.C.Workout. D.Relateto.16.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A.Toinspirepeopletobecomecomposers.B.Tocallonpeopletoprotectourplanet.C.Toencouragepeopletoexplorespace.D.Toinvitepeopletojoinaprogramme.【答案】ABAD【解析】這是一篇新聞報道。介紹了FelipePerezSantiago和Tarter女士設(shè)計了“地球計劃”——號召世界各地的人們上傳歌曲的片段，將這些歌曲融合成人類的集體合唱，代表地球上物種的聲音被發(fā)送到太空。13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段最后一句“Thus,forthefirsttime,SETIiscockingitseartowardsEarthtolookforasignalthatcanbesentintospacetorepresentthespecies.”（SETI首次向地球豎起耳朵，尋找可以送入太空的代表物種的信號。）可知，SETI尋找信號發(fā)送到太空是為了代表地球上的物種的聲音。故選A項。14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Sincesongs,likethehumanvoices,arecommontoalllanguagesandnations,heandMs.Tarterhavedesignedthe“EarthlingProject”-acalltopeopleeverywheretouploadextractsofsongthatheplanstomeltintoacollectivehumanchorus.”（因為歌曲，就像人類的聲音，對所有語言和國家來說都是共通的，他和塔特女士設(shè)計了“地球計劃”——號召世界各地的人們上傳歌曲的片段，他計劃將這些歌曲融合成人類的集體合唱。）可知，地球計劃打算創(chuàng)造一個人類的合唱。故選B項。15.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“DistantbeingscanintheoryalreadyenjoyPeruvianpanpipes,aNavajochant,Bach,Beethovenandmore.”（遙遠(yuǎn)的生物理論上已經(jīng)可以欣賞秘魯?shù)呐藕?、納瓦霍的圣歌、巴赫、貝多芬等。）可知，被送到太空的音樂類型很多。再根據(jù)劃線詞所在句的But，可以判斷之前的作品沒能包含人類歌曲的多樣性，故由此可知劃線詞詞義為“包含”，選A項。16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段最后一句“Downloadthe“EarthlingProject"app,singuptothreesongsof30secondseach,andyourvoicewillbesentintothesky.”（下載“地球計劃”應(yīng)用程序，唱三首歌，每首歌30秒，你的聲音就會被發(fā)送到太空中。）可知，本段的目的是邀請讀者參加地球計劃。故選D項。5FutureCityCompetitionFutureCitystartswithaquestion—howcanwemaketheworldabetterplace?Toanswerit,10th,11th,and12thgradestudentsimagine,research,design,andbuildcitiesofthefuturethatshowcasetheirsolutiontoacitywidesustainabilityissue.PasttopicsincludeUrbanAgriculture,Publicspaces,andGreenenergywhilethetopicofthisyearisLivingontheMoon.TeamswilldesignafuturisticlunarcityandprovideexamplesofhowthecityusesMoonresourcestokeepitsresidentssafeandhealthy.Participantscompletefivedeliverables:a1,500-wordcityessay:ascalemodel;aprojectplan;apresentationvideo;andavirtual/onlineQ&Asessionwith/judges.RegionalwinnersrepresenttheirregionattheinternationalFinals.AftercompletingFutureCity,studentparticipantsarenotonlypreparedtobecitizensoftoday’scomplexandtechnicalworld,butalsoreadytobecomethedriversoftomorrow.WhatyoucanlearnThisflexible,cross-curricular(跨課程的)educationalprogramgivesstudentsanopportunitytodothethingsthatengineersdo-identifyproblems:brainstormideas;designsolutions;test,retestandbuild;andsharetheirresults.Withthisatitscenter,FutureCityisanengagingwaytobuildstudents’21stcenturyskills.StudentsparticipatinginFutureCityalsolearnhowtheircommunitiesworkandbecomebettercitizensanddevelopstrongtimemanagementandprojectmanagementskills.WhatyouneedFutureCitycostsjust$25perorganization—andyoucanregisterIteamor100.Thepricealwaysstaysthesame.Wekeepthepriceaffordablesoeveryonecanparticipate.Notonlythat,welimitthebudgetformaterialsfortheCityModelandCityPresentationto$100andencourageteamstouserecycledmaterials.Youdon’tneedexpensiveequipmenttoexcel.Creativity,hardwork,andcommitmentareallyouneedtogetahead.Pleasenote:SomeregionslimitthenumberofteamsanorganizationcanbringtotheRegionalCompetition.PleasecheckwithyourRegionalCoordinatortofindouttheguidelinesinyourregion.17.InFutureCityCompetition2021,studentsneedto________.A.completemorethanfivetaskesB.designacitywithgreenenergyC.addressproblemsonthemoonD.makeuseoflunarresources18.WhatliesatthecoreofFutureCityCompetition?A.Designingcities.B.Identifyingproblems.C.TrainingbettercitizensD.Engineeringdesignprocess19.Ifyouwanttosucceedinthecompetition,youneed________.A.tobecreativeanddevoted.B.tousetherecycledmaterials.C.tobuysomeexpensiveequipment.D.toaskmorepeopletojoininyourteam.【答案】DDA【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了“未來城市競賽”這一活動的相關(guān)內(nèi)容和參加這一項目需要注意的事項。17.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“TeamswilldesignafuturisticlunarcityandprovideexamplesofhowthecityusesMoonresourcestokeepitsresidentssafeandhealthy.（團(tuán)隊將設(shè)計一個未來的月球城市，并提供城市如何使用月球資源，以保持其居民的安全和健康的例子。）”可知，在2021年未來城市競賽中，學(xué)生需要利用到月球資源。故選D項。18.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whatyoucanlearn部分的“Thisflexible,cross-curricular(跨課程的)educationalprogramgivesstudentsanopportunitytodothethingsthatengineersdo-identifyproblems:brainstormideas;designsolutions;test,retestandbuild;andsharetheirresults.Withthisatitscenter,FutureCityisanengagingwaytobuildstudents’21stcenturyskills.（這種靈活的、跨課程的教育計劃讓學(xué)生有機(jī)會做工程師所做的事情——發(fā)現(xiàn)問題：頭腦風(fēng)暴；設(shè)計解決方案；測試、再測試和構(gòu)建；并分享他們的成果。以這為中心，未來城市是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生21世紀(jì)技能的一種引人入勝的方式。）”可知，未來城市競賽的核心是工程設(shè)計過程。故選D項。19.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whatyouneed部分的第二段“Creativity,hardwork,andcommitmentareallyouneedtogetahead.（創(chuàng)造力、努力工作和承諾是你獲得成功所需要的一切。）”可知，如果想要在競賽中獲得成功，就需要富有創(chuàng)造力并且努力投入工作。故選A項。6SoraobservedinamazementasWeilunpickeduptwolargemetalcans.ShefollowedWeilunwithapail(桶)ofclothes,watchinghimcarrythetwocanseffortlessly.TheywerelargeandwerecoveringWeilun’ssmallframe.Sora’sfatherhadsenthertothevillagetolearnaboutrurallife.Sorahadneveroncedoneanyhouseholdchoresbackhome.Shedidnotunderstandwhyherfatherwouldalwayschant“Whereisyourwillingnesstolearn?”wheneversheaskedhimifshecouldstayhomefortheholidays.Herfatherhadgivenherachecklistonthelifeskillsthatsheneededtolearn,oneofwhichwastowashclothes.Sherecalledwashingatableclothafteranartlessoninschool.Thatwasapieceofcake,shethought.SoSorarefusedWeilun’soffertohelp.Weilunthenwenttofillthelargecanswithwateratthefarendoftheriver.Suddenly,abigbirddivedfromtheskywhenSoraplacedthelastpieceofclothingbackinthepail.Sorareleasedhergraspofthepailinshock.Thenshewasrelaxedtofinditwasaimingforawormnearher.Buttheclothesweredriftingintheriver.Wei