寒假復(fù)習(xí)專題03+非謂語動(dòng)詞+寫作指導(dǎo)2024-2025學(xué)年外研版英語八年級

年八上寒假——八上要點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)+非謂語動(dòng)詞語法復(fù)習(xí)（3）一．考點(diǎn)拓展考點(diǎn)1while的用法Whileshewasfalling,shewasthinkingabouthercat,Dinah.當(dāng)她往下墜落時(shí)，她在想她的貓，黛娜。while和when都可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句既可以指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，又可以指時(shí)間段，其謂語既可以用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。1．WhileI______________（write）,theteachercamein.2．WhileI________________（watch）TV,myfather______________（read）anewspaperatthesametime.3．你喜歡數(shù)學(xué)，而我更喜歡英語。__________________________________________________4．昨晚，當(dāng)我正在寫日記時(shí)，我的姐姐正在讀書。（while）________________________________________________________________________________5．當(dāng)我回家時(shí)，我的媽媽正在做飯。（when）______________________________________________________________1．waswriting 2．waswatching；wasreading3．Youlikemath,whileIpreferEnglish.4．Lastnight,whileIwaswritingadiary,mysisterwasreadingabook.5．MymotherwascookingwhenIreturned/gothome.考點(diǎn)2prepare的用法I'mpreparingareportcalled“Theworld'spopulation”.我正在準(zhǔn)備一篇叫作《世界人口》的報(bào)告。1．我正準(zhǔn)備離開。（preparetodosth.）______________________________2.TomanyChinesepeople,theprocessof____________（prepare）theSpringFestivaldinnertogetherismoreimportantthanthedinneritself.3.Someparents________________（prepare）almosteverythingfortheirchildrensincetheywereborn.1.I'mpreparingtoleave.2.preparing3.haveprepared考點(diǎn)3stop的用法Itwasn'tgoingfast,butitdidn'tstop.它雖然速度不快，但沒有停下。1.Myfatherwassurprisedatmyattitude.Atoncehe________（stop）whathewasdoingtotalktome.2.Thegreen-coloredavocado（牛油果）toastforbreakfastbecomesmanyyouths'favorite.Theyjustcan'tstop________（eat）it.1.stopped2.eating考點(diǎn)4fall的用法Alicefolloweditandfelldownaholeintheground.愛麗絲跟在它的后面，掉進(jìn)一個(gè)地洞里。1.—What'sthematterwithyou,Tony?—Ifell______mybikeandhurtmylegs.A．of B．off C．from D．down2.Thefirstyearhadgonesmoothly.Butasmoststudentsprogressed,Iseemedto______behind.A．walk B．fall C．step D．move1．B2．B考點(diǎn)5too...to...句型的用法Itwastoodarkforhertoseeanything.里面太暗，她什么也看不見。1.Hewastoo________________（disappoint）tofeelanything.2.Nomatterwhereyouare,whatyou'vedone,andhowyoufeelaboutyourself,it'snever____latetostart.1．disappointed2．too一、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1．Ifpeopleuselesswaterandplantmoretrees,Ibelievetherewillbeless____________（pollute）.2．After________（hear）this,theemperorimmediately____（set）thefamilyfree.Fromthenon,peoplebegantopastethecharacterFuupsidedownforthepurposeofhopingforluckandhonoringEmpressMa.3．Onthefifthdayofthefifthlunarmonthin278BC,Quthrew________（he）intotheMiluoRiveranddiedforhishomeland.4．Even______（bad）,studentsofdifferentageswereinthesameclassroom.5．SotheyhadtofindthePsammeadagainandaskedforonelastwish__________（solve）theproblem.1．pollution2．hearing；set3．himself4．worse5．tosolve二、翻譯句子。1．嘗試想想那些令你開心的時(shí)光。（thinkabout）________________________________________________________________2．直至我們死去，我們的大腦才會(huì)完全停止思考。（stop）________________________________________________________________________3．幸虧，警察及時(shí)趕到了。____________________________________________4．聽的時(shí)候把重點(diǎn)記錄下來。（while）____________________________________________________________________________5．請下了飛機(jī)就給我電話。（assoonas）________________________________________________________________6．我們學(xué)校五分之四的教師是女教師。________________________________________________________________________________7．如果你在考試中足夠認(rèn)真，你將會(huì)成功。（enough）_____________________________________________________________________1．Trytothinkaboutthedaysthatmakeyouhappy.2．Ourbrainswon'tstopthinkingcompletelyuntilwedie.3．Luckily,thepolicecameintime.4．Writedowntheimportantpointswhile（youare）listening.5．Pleasecallmeassoonasyougetofftheplane.6．Fourfifthsoftheteachersinourschoolarewomenteachers.7．Ifyouarecarefulenoughinthetest,you'llsucceed.二．語法考點(diǎn)非謂語動(dòng)詞01考標(biāo)導(dǎo)向化近幾年對非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查主要是動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語及目的狀語，動(dòng)名詞作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語，及個(gè)別分詞的用法。預(yù)計(jì)年中考對非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查，不定式仍是考查的熱點(diǎn)。我們應(yīng)該牢固掌握一些動(dòng)詞固定搭配的用法。02概念清晰化非謂語動(dòng)詞是一些特殊的動(dòng)詞，它們在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語，而有謂語以外的其他語法功能，在句子中不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制，但仍有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，也可以帶賓語和狀語，構(gòu)成非謂語動(dòng)詞短語。非謂語動(dòng)詞分不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞三種。動(dòng)詞不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，在特殊情況下有時(shí)to可以省略。動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，同時(shí)也具有動(dòng)詞的部分特征，能充當(dāng)主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語、狀語等成分。動(dòng)名詞由動(dòng)詞加-ing構(gòu)成，在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語。分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。它們在句中作定語、狀語、表語和補(bǔ)語?？键c(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞不定式1.不定式作賓語(1)一些謂語動(dòng)詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：wouldlike，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。如：Wouldyouliketoseeafilmthisevening?你今晚想去看一場電影嗎?(2)在find，think后面接不定式作賓語時(shí)，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在句末。如：IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.我發(fā)現(xiàn)每天讀英語很容易。(3)常見的一些不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式：whynotdo…，hadbetter(not)do…，wouldratherdo，could/would/willyouplease(not)do…Iwouldratherstayathome.我寧愿待在家里。2.不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)與賓語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如：Lucyaskedhimtoturndowntheradio.露西讓他將收音機(jī)的音量調(diào)低。tell，ask，want，allow，get，wouldlike，encourage后面常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：MymotherencouragesmetolearnJapanese.我母親鼓勵(lì)我學(xué)日語。注意：還有一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，這時(shí)不定式要省略to。這些動(dòng)詞有：一感(feel)、一幫(help)、二聽(hear，listento)、三讓(let，make，have)、四看(lookat，see，watch，notice)。但變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，必須加上to。如：Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.老板讓他們工作了一整夜。3.不定式作定語(1)不定式作定語時(shí)，應(yīng)放在名詞之后。它與名詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。(2)如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。如：Thereisnothingtoworryabout.沒有什么可擔(dān)心的。特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)例句too…to結(jié)構(gòu)Shewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas.not+不定式Theteachertoldthestudentsnottoplaysoccerontheroad.疑問詞+不定式作主語Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.作賓語Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.作表語Thequestioniswheretofindthewater.for+名詞（代詞的賓格）+不定式Itisnecessaryforustolearnfromeachother.of+名詞（代詞的賓格）+不定式ItisverykindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.1.動(dòng)詞不定式作主語動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：It+be+adj.+(for/ofsb.)+動(dòng)詞不定式。如：TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.→ItisusefultolearnEnglishwell.It’simportantforustoprotecttheenvironment.注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of。It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.你幫助我真是太好啦。It’sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.你那樣做真是太聰明啦。2.不定式常和疑問詞what，which，when，where，how連用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)賓語從句。如：Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老師正告訴學(xué)生要做什么。Hedidn’tknowwheretogo.他不知道去哪里。(wheretogo=whereheshouldgo)考點(diǎn)二動(dòng)詞-ing形式1.英語中一些詞后常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，初中階段這類詞有：finish(完成),mind(介意),beworth(值得),bebusy(忙于),practice(練習(xí)),havefun(玩得高興),feellike(想要),beusedto(習(xí)慣于),consider(考慮),enjoy(喜歡)。2.主語+be+happy(glad,pleased,angry,sorry,careful,ready等)+todosth.如：I’mgladtoseeyouagain.我很高興再次見到你。I’msorrytohearthat.聽到這個(gè)消息我感到遺憾。3.幾組動(dòng)詞接不定式及動(dòng)名詞辨析：(1)stopdoing/stoptodostopdoingsth.停止做某事stoptodosth.停止、中斷做某事后去做另一件事(2)forgetdoing/forgettodoforgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事(事情已做)forgettodosth.忘記要去做某事(事情沒做)(3)rememberdoing/remembertodorememberdoingsth.記得做過某事(事情已做)remembertodosth.記著去做某事(事情沒做)(4)trydoing/trytodotrydoingsth.嘗試著去做某事trytodosth.設(shè)法或努力去做某事(5)goondoing/goontodogoondoingsth.繼續(xù)不停地做同一件事情goontodosth.做完一件事，接著去做另外一件事(6)allowdoingsth./allowsb.todosth.allowdoingsth.允許做某事allowsb.todosth.允許某人做某事(7)regretdoing/regrettodoregretdoingsth.對做過的事情感到遺憾、后悔(已做)regrettodosth.對要做的事感到遺憾(未做)(8)meandoing/meantodomeandoingsth.意味著做某事meantodosth.打算、想做某事一.單項(xiàng)選擇。1．—Howaboutgoinghikingthisweekend?—Sorry.Iprefer______ratherthan______.A．tostayathome；goout B．togoout；stayathomeC．stayingathome；goout D．goingout；stayathome2．—CouldyoutellmehowtoimprovespokenEnglish?—Well,justtakeeverychancetopractice______anddon’tbeshy.A．speak B．tospeak C．speaking D．spoke3.Hepretended______mewhenhewalkedby.A．notsee B．nottosee C．don'tsee D．tonotsee4．Listen!Theremustbesomeone______throughthejungle.A．trek B．treking C．trekking D.totrek5．Shewritesslowlysoshehastrouble______notesinclass.A．taken B．taking C．totake D.took6．MyEnglishteacheriseasy______sowealllikeher.A．togetalongwithB.getalongwithC．togetalongD.gettingalongwith7．Peterisbusy________atschool，butheneverforgets________exerciseeveryday．A．working；doing B．working；todoC．a(chǎn)twork；doing8．IsawaUFO________onthesquareinmydream．A．todrop B．land C．wear D．tofly9．Tom’smotheraskedhim________somewashingafterdinner．A．todo B．does C．doD．did10．—Doyoulikeplayingthepiano?—Yes，butIdon’tknow________playitwell．A．what B．how C．whatto D．howto11．Hemadesometoys________hislittleson．A．please B．toplease C．pleasing D．pleased12．Teenagersshouldnot______.A．a(chǎn)llowedtodrive B．beallowtodrivingC．bealloweddriving D．beallowedtodrive13．I’mvery______andIreallyneedan______vacation.A．tired,exciting B．tired,excitedC．tiring,exciting D．tiring,excited14．He'sverygoodatEnglish.Hespendsmostofhisfreetime______newwords.A．remember B．rememberingC．remembers D．remembered15．—Whenareyouleavingfortheconcert?—I'mnotsure.Ihaven'tfinished______thedishes.A．Do B．todo C．doing D．done16．—Whydidyoubuyaradio?—______English.A．Learn B．Learning C．Tolearn D．Belearning17．ThebestwaytolearnEnglishis______you______inanEnglish-speakingenvironment.A．let;live B．tolet;toliveC．letting;living D．tolet,live18．Theboyisoftenseen______playbasketballafterschool.A．play B．toplay C．toplaying D．played1.A2.C3.B4.C5.B6.A7．B8．B9．A10．D11．B12.D13.A14.B15.C16.C17.D18.B二.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Jennysawawallet______（lie）ontheground.2.Theheavysnowstoppedthemfrom______(go)outforawalkthedaybeforeyesterday.3.Don’tyouhearsomeone______(sing)inthenextroom?4.Thelittlegirlreallyfeelslike_______(eat)eggs.5.Keep______(try).Youaresuretogetagoodresult.6.Lilyfinished______(read)thebookyesterday.7.MrLeemadeus______(laugh)8.—Thechildrenshouldbetold_____(notbreak)thetrafficrules.—That’sright.9.Hefoundithard____(catch)upwithhisclassmates,becauseallhisclassmatesworkedveryhard.10.Thisisthebestway_____(work)outthisproblem.1.lying2.going3.singing4.eating5.trying6.reading7.laugh8.nottobreak9.tocatch10.towork三．閱讀拓展一Oneday,Joshandhisfriendstalkedaboutthingsthatbringthemluck.“Ihavearabbit’sfoot,”saidLarry.“Ihavealuckycent,”saidRoger.“Whataboutyou,Josh?”askedRoger.“Mybluesocks.”“Bluesocks!”theboyssaidtogether,“Howcanbluesocksbringyou1?”Joshsaidthatwhenhetookatestinhisbluesocks,hegotagoodgrade.Oncehe2hisbrownsocks,andhedidn’tdowellinhistest.ThenextdayJoshhadamathtest.Hewassad3hecouldn’tfindhisbluesocks.“Mom!”criedJosh“4aremybluesocks?Ihaveatesttoday!”“Don’tbesilly,”Momsaid,“Thosesocksareinthewash.”“Whyareyousoworried?Didyoustudyforyour5?”askedMom.“Yes.”“Thenyouhave6toworryabout.Justdoyourbest.”ItwastimeforJoshtotakehismathtest.Hewasverynervous,buthethoughtto7,“Justdoyourbest!”Joshtookhistimeandansweredallthequestions.Heevenwentbacktocheckhiswork8tobesurehedidhisbest.“Thatwasn’tsobad!”Joshsaidtohimself.Josh’steachertoldhimlaterthathescored95onhistest.“Wow!”shoutedJosh.“Ididn’tevenwearmy9bluesocks.”

Joshcouldn’twaittotellhismomhowgreathedidonhistest.Momsaid,“Whenyoustudyandalwaysdoyourbest,youwillgetagoodgrade.Thesocksdonotmakeyoudowell,onlyyoucanmakeyourselfdowell.Youneedto10yourself.”1．A．luck B．a(chǎn)dvice C．feel D．taste2．A．took B．left C．made D．wore3．A．because B．so C．but D．or4．A．Which B．What C．How D．Where5．A．socks B．tests C．friends D．cents6．A．a(chǎn)nything B．everything C．nothing D．something7．A．itself B．himself C．herself D．yourself8．A．carefully B．bravely C．quickly D．easily9．A．lost B．dirty C．lucky D．clever10．A．hate B．protect C．trust D．lose【答案】1．A2．D3．A4．D5．B6．C7．B8．A9．C10．C二Travelcanmakeusfeelbetter.Newplacesbringexcitementanditturnsoutthatthereisasciencebehind—“dopamine(多巴胺)andserotonin(血清素)”.Travelexpertsexplain(解釋)thatdopamineandserotoninlevelsgoupwhenwetravel.Dopamineisoneofthekeychemicals.Itcanmakeusfeelhappy.Whenwejoininactivitiesthatweenjoy,ourbrainswillrelease(釋放)itandit’llgiveusasenseofjoyandsatisfaction.Serotoninisanotherkeychemical.Itisimportanttoourmood,sleep,anddiet.Ourserotoninlevelswilldropwhenwegetlessdaylightinwinter.Inshort,themoredopamineandserotoninwehave,thehappierwewillfeel.Here’showitactuallymakesushappier:VitaminDcanbeboostedAsweknow,vitaminDisnaturallymadebytheskinwhenwe’reinthesun.WhenvitaminDboosts(增強(qiáng))fromsunlight,itwillhelptheproductionofserotonin,toimproveoursleepquality,andevenreduceourstress(減少壓力).Negativeionsare______thingsNegativeions(負(fù)離子)aremostfoundinfreshair,especiallynearbodiesofwaterlikeoceansandwaterfalls,andinforests.Theyhavebeenshowntoincrease(升高)serotoninlevels,energylevels,boostimmunesystems(免疫系統(tǒng)),andreducestresslevels.Ifwespenttimeonthebeach,listeningtothesoundofcrashingwavesandfeelingourstresswashaway,thatmightthanktothenegativeions.TravellingmakesyousocialSocialinteraction(社交互動(dòng))alsohelpsthereleaseofbothdopamineandserotonin.Ifwetryagrouptour,thenewexperiencesandactivitieswillalsoboostourdopamineandserotoninlevels.ClosetowildlifeThebeautyofnaturecanhaveacalmingeffectonthemindandbody,andspendingtimeinnaturehasbeenshowntoreducestresslevelsandpromoterelaxation.Watchingthewondersofnatureandseeinganimalsintheirnaturalhabitcanboostdopamineandserotoninlevels.Andthephysicalactivitieslikewalkingandhikingalsohaveamood-boostingeffect.1．What’sthepurposeofParagraph2?A．Toasksomequestionsaboutthetopic. B．Toexplaintheimportanceofthetopic.C．Toshowtheresultofdiscussingthetopic. D．Tointroducesomeknowledgeaboutthetopic.2．Whichofthefollowingwordscanbeputin________?A．bad B．good C．useless D．expensive3．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingsentencesisNOTtrue?A．Acampfirepartyoftenmakesyoufeeldown.B．Walkingonthebeachisagoodwaytoreducestress.C．Themoresunlightyouget,thebettersleepyoumayhave.D．Goingbirdwatchinginforestscanmakeyoufeelrelaxed.4．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Theproblemswemayhaveduringourtrip.B．Thesciencebehindhowtravelmakesushappier.C．Thetipsonhowtohaveahappiertravelexperience.D．Thestepstoreleasedopamineandserotonininourbody.【答案】1．D2．B3．A4．B三閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thisisastoryaboutwhatafatherdidinanearthquake.An8.2earthquake1(hit)thecityin1989.Inles