這種現(xiàn)象也發(fā)生在動物身上

LANGUAGEPOINTSOFCLONINGCloning:Whereisitleadingus?Italsohappensinanimalswhentwinsidenticalinsexandappearanceareproducedfromthesameoriginalegg.Translation這種現(xiàn)象也發(fā)生在動物身上，從同一個原生卵產(chǎn)生性別與相貌相同的雙胞胎也是克隆。①Whatdoesitstandfor?it指代上文的cloning②Whatisthefunctionofidenticalinsexandappearance?identicalinsexandappearance是一個形容詞短語作后置定語。用identical翻譯如下句子這兩種樣式幾乎完全相同。Thesetwodesignsarealmostidentical.我的意見和他的相同。Myopinionisidenticalwithhis.我們雙方對應(yīng)當(dāng)怎么辦的看法是一致的。Weareidenticalinourviewsofwhatshouldbedone.這是我們?nèi)ツ曜∵^的那家旅館。Thisistheidenticalhotelthatwestayedinlastyear.2.Firstly,gardenersuseitallthetimetoproducecommercialquantitiesofplants.大量的供商用的植物3.Butatlastthedeterminationandpatienceofthescientistswasrewardedin1996withabreakthroughthecloningofDollythesheep.翻譯但是科學(xué)家的決心和耐心最終得到了回報，這就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉”的誕生。4.Thewholescientificworldfollowedtheprogressofthefirstsuccessfulclone,Dolly,thesheep.翻譯：整個科學(xué)界都在關(guān)注著首例成功的克隆動物多莉羊的成長。Follow:tohaveagreatinterestinsomethingorwatchsomethingclosely:Hefollowsmostsportsenthusiastically.Theyfollowedheracademicprogressclosely.5.CloningscientistswerecastdowntofindthatDolly’sillnessweremoreappropriatetoamucholderanimal.castdown(多用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)或作表語）沮喪；低沉（==feelingunhappyanddepressed)試翻譯：①試驗的失敗使他非常沮喪。

Hewasmuchcastdownbythefailureoftheexperiment.②任何人都會因為這樣的消息而感到悲傷。Anyonewouldbecastdownbynewssuchasthat.Ⅱbeappropriateto…適合于……的;與……相稱的（=besuitableforaparticularperson,condition,occasionorplace;fitting)翻譯下列句子（用appropriate)用與你的題目相稱的題材寫。Writeinastyleappropriatetoyoursubject.他的便服,不適宜在這樣正式的場合穿。Hiscasualclotheswerenotappropriateforsuchaformaloccasion.6.Ontheotherhand,Dolly’sappearanceraiseda

stormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpactonthe

mediaandpublicimagination.raise在此是“喚起、引起、使出現(xiàn)”之意。=bringabout

翻譯：他的缺席引起人們對他安全的擔(dān)心。Hisabsenceraisedfearsabouthissafety.用動物作科學(xué)試驗引起了一些棘手的道德問題。（ethicalquestions)Theuseofanimalsinscientifictestsraisessomedifficultethicalquestions.Ⅱastormof…常常指感情猛然爆發(fā)或強(qiáng)烈表現(xiàn)例如：一陣猛烈的抗議

astormofprotest一陣彈雨/箭雨

astormofbullets/arrows一陣暴風(fēng)雨般的掌聲/歡呼聲

astormofapplause/cheers一陣辱罵/抨擊

astormofabuse/criticismSuddenviolentoutburstordisplayofstrongfellingⅢhave/makeastrong/greatimpacton…

對……有（或產(chǎn)生）巨大影響翻譯這場反對吸煙的運動對年輕人有極大的影響。Theanti-smokingcampaignhashadquiteanimpactonyoungpeople.這本書對讀者產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。Thisbookmadeagreatimpactonitsreaders.7.Governmentsbecamenervousandmanyforbaderesearchintohumancloning.各國政府恐慌不安，許多政府命令禁止進(jìn)行克隆人類的研究。forbid后面可以接三種搭配

①名詞，代詞或動名詞作賓語②不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語③雙賓語forbid用forbid翻譯如下句子①法律禁止銷售香煙給年齡不滿16歲的人。(名詞作賓語）Thelawforbidsthesaleofcigarettetopeopleundertheageof16.②法律禁止在此處進(jìn)行修建。（ing-formasObject)Thelawforbidsbuildingonthisland.③大多數(shù)父母都禁止自己的孩子吸煙。Mostparentsforbidtheirchildrentosmoke.④他的父母不準(zhǔn)他喝酒。Hisparentsforbadhimtodrinkwine.HISPARENTSforbadhimwine.⑤tohavetheeffectofpreventing;阻礙，阻止Thekingforbidsusfromgoingout.Lackofspaceforbidsfurthertreatmentofthetopichere.因篇幅所限,此處不便對本題作進(jìn)一步闡述.8.SomecountriessuchasChinaandtheUKcontinuedtoaccumulateevidenceoftheabundantmedicalaidthatcloningcouldprovide.然而隨著跡象(evidence)開始積累,倫敦動物園的專家們感到有必要（feelobligedto)進(jìn)行調(diào)查了。Page13

LearningaboutLanguageDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressionsPart11.INmanyrespectsnaturalclones______greatlyfromman-madeclones.2.Hewasmuch___________bythefailureofhiscloningexperiment.3.Dusthad____________duringtheyearswhenthehousewasdeserted.4.RobertsuggestedthatIshould__________thejobofdecoratingtheceilingofthehall.5.Hermemoryis______,andsheseldomgoeswrong.6.Shewasn’t______________pleasedwithherdecision,butshehadnootherchoice.differcastdownaccumulatedundertakeexactaltogetheraltogether①總之；總共Altogethertherewere18peopleinthebus.Altogetherourachievementsareverygreat.②完全地；全然客人們并不完全滿意。Thevisitorsfeltnotaltogethersatisfied.他全然不知該怎么做。He'snotaltogethersurewhattodo.Part2Rewritethefollowingsentences1.Comparedwithherbrother,sheisstraightforwardaboutheropinions.2.Thearbitrary

decisionsofthefactoryleaderscausedangeramongtheworkers.3.Isyournewfactoryinthecommercial

areaofBeijing?4.Areyouinfavorofthegovernment’splantobuildmorerailwaylines?5.Thisistheprocedureforyoutohaveyourteethout.6.Iobjecttoyourplanbecauseitwillcosttoomuchmoney.7.YourmotherandIwillforbidyoutostayoutsolatewhenyouhavehomeworktodo.Part3Fillinthepassagebelow.WhenFreddythefroggrewolderhewantedto__________cloningsothathismusicalcareercouldcontinue.Thedoctorexplainedthatcloningwasa_____________questionthatheshouldconsiderseriously.SoFreddyaskedhisfriendsandnotedwith___________thattheyagreedwithhim.However,shortlyafterhedidsomeresearch,hefelt___________whenhediscoveredthefateofthe____________clone,Dollythesheep.Thedreamthatonecouldliveforevernowseemedimpossible.SoFreddymadeuphismindtoenjoyhissingingand____________manyhappyexperiencessothatwhenheretiredhewouldbeabletolookbackonhislifewithgreatpleasure.undertakecontroversialsatisfactioncastdownbreakthroughaccumulatePart4matching1.Whatisyourpointofviewabouthumancloning?Myopinionisthathumancloningshouldbeforbidden.2.Howcanyouproveacloneisauthentic?Arealcloneshouldbeidenticaltoitsoriginalparent,fromwhomthecellwastaken.3.Howdogardenersbenefitfromcloning?Cloninghelpsthemgetprofitsfromcommercialquantitiesofplants.4.Howdifferentlydopeoplethinkofthecloningofplantsandthatofanimals?Thecloningofplantsisstraightforwardbutthecloningofanimalsiscontroversial.5.Whatwasthebreakthroughinthehistoryofcloning?Dollythesheepwasthefirstmammalcloneandanimportantsuccess.6.Whydosomepeopleobjecttohumancloning?Manypeopleareagainsthumancloningbecauseofreligiousandmoralbelief.Discoveringusefulstructures1.appositive①AltogetherDollylivedforsixyears,halfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.②Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelop

normallywasveryencouraging.ⅰThewholescientificworldfollowedtheprogressofthefirstsuccessfulclone,Dolly,thesheep.ⅱThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.

同位語介紹詳見課本第95頁。AppositiveClauseAnappositiveisanounornounphrasethatrenamesanothernounrightbesideit.Theappositivecanbeashortorlongcombinationofwords.

一、在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。如：

Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon．我聽到了我們隊獲勝的消息。Ihadnoideathatyouwerehere．我不知道你在這里。二、可以跟同位語從句的名詞通常有new，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word（消息），possibility等。如：

I’vecomefromMrwangwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon．我從王先生那里來，他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來看你了。三、英語中引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞有連詞that，whether，連接副詞how,when,where等。如：

lhavenoideawhenhewillbeback．我不知道他什么時候回來。Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個問題。四、有時同位語從句可以不緊跟在說明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開。如：

Severalyearslater，wordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem．幾年以后，有消息傳來說拿破侖要親自視察他們。Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity．

他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。五、同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別。1、同位語從句與前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系，即說明它前面名詞的內(nèi)容；而定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾關(guān)系，即限定它前面的名詞范圍，或補充一些情況。如：Thenewsthatlhavepassedtheexamistrue．我通過了考試這一消息是真的。（同位語從句，即從句所表達(dá)的意思就是前面名詞的內(nèi)容。）Thenewsthathetoldmejustnowistrue．他剛才告訴我的消息是真的。（定語從句，從句對前面名詞起修飾限制作用，即“他告訴我的”那個消息，而不是別的消息。）2、引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that是連詞，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成份，而引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞，除起連接作用外，還在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語等。如：Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.計算機(jī)能夠識別人的聲音的想法使許多人感到驚奇。（that在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成份。）Theideathathegavesurprisesmanypeople．他提出的觀點令許多人感到吃驚。

（that在從句中作gave的賓語。）Part2TranslatethepassageintoChineseandunderlinetheappositivewordsandphrasesDollythesheepbecameascientificbreakthroughwhenthenewsthatithadbeenbornwasannouncedin1997.1997年多莉羊誕生的消息宣布后便成為一項科學(xué)突破。However,theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.但是，后來多莉染上嚴(yán)重肺癌的問題又使科學(xué)家們憂慮。On14thFebruary2003scientistsmadethedecisionthatDollyshouldbeputtosleep.2003年2月14日科學(xué)家們做出讓多莉羊“長眠”的決定。Dolly’sdeath,likeherbirth,wasboundtoraiseworries.ThefactthatDollydiedwhenshewasquiteyoungdisappointedpeopletheworldover.多莉之死正若他的出現(xiàn)一樣，肯定會帶來焦慮。多莉早亡的事實讓世人失望。Scientistsholdthebeliefthatcloningmayleadtomanyimportantscientificbreakthroughsandmedicaltreatments.Butnowthequestioncomestotheirminds,“Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone?”科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為克隆可能會帶來很多重大的科學(xué)突破和醫(yī)學(xué)療法，但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問題：“多莉早死是因為它是一只克隆羊嗎？Besidesthat,thereisalsoafiercedebateoverthequestionwhetherhumancloningexperimentshouldbeallowed.Scientistsbelievehumancloningisjustamatteroftimebuttheassumptionthathumancloneshavealreadybeenbornhasn’tbeenprovedyet.除此之外，關(guān)于是否應(yīng)該允許進(jìn)行人類克隆實驗的問題也引起了激烈的爭論?？茖W(xué)家們相信人類的克隆只不過是時間問題，但是克隆人已經(jīng)問世的說法還沒有被證實。Dollythesheepbecameascientificbreakthroughwhenthenewsthatithadbeenbornwasannouncedin1997.However,theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.On14thFebruary2003scientistsmadethedecisionthatDollyshouldbeputtosleep.Dolly’sdeath,likeherbirth,wasboundtoraiseworries.ThefactthatDollydiedwhenshewasquiteyoungdisappointedpeopletheworldover.Scientistsholdthebeliefthatcloningmayleadtomanyimportantscientificbreakthroughsandmedicaltreatments.Butnowthequestioncomestotheirminds,“Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone?”_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Besidesthat,thereisalsoafiercedebateoverthequestionwhetherhumancloningexperimentshouldbeallowed.Scientistsbelievehumancloningisjustamatteroftimebuttheassumptionthathumancloneshavealreadybeenbornhasn’tbeenprovedyet.______________________________________________________________________________________**beboundto有必定