2021屆山東省濟寧市兗州區(qū)高一下學期期中考試英語試題（解析版）+聽力

2020—2021學年第二學期期中檢測高一英語試題本試卷分第I卷和第1I卷兩部分，共12頁。滿分150分?？荚囉脮r120分鐘?？荚嚱Y束后，將第II卷答題卷和答題卡一并交回。注意事項：1.答題前，考生務必用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、座號、考生號、縣區(qū)和科類填寫在答題卡和第II卷答題卷規(guī)定的位置上。2.第I卷每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑；如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。3.第II卷答題卷必須用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卷各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應的位置，不能寫在試卷上；如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、膠帶紙、修正帶。不按以上要求作答的答案無效。第I卷(共87.5分)第一分部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】What'stheman'ssuggestion?A.Keepingthereservation.B.Continuingwaitinghere.C.Goingtoanotherrestaurant.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:I’msorryformakingyouwaitforsolong,buttherestillaren’tanyemptytables.Ithinkyoushouldtryanotherrestaurantifyouaretiredofwaiting.W:Yeah,Ithinkthatwouldbeagoodidea.2.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】WhatwillPeterdofirst?A.Gohome. B.Dohishomework. C.Buysomecandy.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Peter,let’sgo.Iwanttobuysomecandyatthestorebeforeitcloses.M:Ican’tgowithyoutoday.Ihavetofinishmyhomeworkhere.Myparentsareworkingovertime,andIdidn’ttakemyhousekeys.3.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】WhatdoesthewomanaskMiketodo?A.Brushhisteeth. B.Savewater. C.Drinksomewater.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Mike,don’twastewaterlikethat.Ifyouleavethewaterrunningwhileyoubrushyourteeth,you’llwastealotofwater.Besides,waterismoreexpensivethanbefore.M:Sorry,Mom.Ididn’tmeanto.Ijustforgottoturnoffthetap.4.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whydoesthemanseeminlowspirits?A.Hehasbeensickthisweek.B.Hemissedhisfavoritemovies.C.Hegotlittlesleepthesedays.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Seemslikeyou’reinlowspirits.What’swrong?M:Nothing.I’mjustsleepy.I’vebeenstayinguplatewatchingmovieseverynightthisweek.5.【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】Whatisthewomanworriedabout?A.Theman'shealth.B.Theman'scookingskill.C.Theman'ssafetyinMexico.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Youwillbeawayforalongtime.Ican’thelpbeingworried.Dowatchthefoodyoutakeandtakecare.M:YouknowIlikeMexicanfood.W:Yeah,butitdoesnotlikeyou.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】6.Whatistheman'sproblem?A.Hehasabackache.B.Hetooktoomanypills.C.Helostcontactwithhisdoctor.7.WhydoesDoctorGreenbreaktherulefortheman?A.Heisverypolite.B.Heisseriouslyill.C.Hecan'taffordafullcheckup.【答案】6.A7.A【解析】【原文】W:Sorryaboutthewait.I’mDoctorGreen.M:Howdoyoudo?W:Hi.Iseethatyou’reexperiencingsomebackpain.M:Yes,Iam.Mydoctor’sawayonvacation.Healwaysgivesmethistoreducemypain,butI’verunoutofmypills.Iwonderif,uh,youmightbeabletogivemesome.W:Youreallyshouldhaveathoroughcheckup,butyou’rethemostpolitepatientI’veseenallweek,soI’llbreaktheruleforyou.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】8.Whoisthewoman?A.Theman'sclassmate. B.Annie'ssister. C.Annie'sroommate.9.WhatdoesthemanwanttotellAnnie?AHisnewaddress. B.Hotelinformation. C.Hisvisit.10.HowcanAnniegetintouchwiththeman?A.GotoRoom668,theTerminalHotel.B.Dialthephonenumber4934975.C.Sendhimanurgentmessage.【答案】8.C9.C10.B【解析】【原文】M:Hello,isthatAnnie?W:No,I’moneofherroommates.She’sout,youknow,shopping.M:Whenwillshebeback,doyouthink?W:Oh,Idon’tknow.Hangonamoment.Imeanwhowantsher?M:I’mafriendofhers.Look,wouldyoubesokindtogiveheramessage?W:HangonwhileIgetapen…OK.What’sthemessage?M:MynameisKrisSchuster,Room688,theTerminalHotel,Washington.I’llgotoseehernextweek.W:Doessheknowyourphonenumber?M:It’s4934975.Youwon’tforgettotellherit’surgent,willyou?W:Don’tworry.I’lltellher.M:Thanks.Bye-bye.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】11.Whatdoesthewomaninvitethemantodotoday?A.Attendaparty. B.Studytogether. C.Seeafilm.12.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.At4:15. B.At4:30. C.At4:45.13.Wherewillthespeakersmeet?A.Atthebookstore. B.Attheschoolgate. C.Atanice－creamshop.【答案】11.C12.B13.C【解析】【原文】W:It’sJane’sbirthdaytoday.Wearegoingtothecinemaafterschool.Wanttogo?M:Afterschool?Ihavegottostudyforthemathtesttomorrow.W:Don’tworry.Thetestwillbeeasy.M:Well,Idon’tknow.Whenwillthefilmstart?W:At4:45.M:IthinkI’llstaybackinschoolanddosomereviewfirst,thenIwilljoinyou.W:OK.We’llgettheticketsfirst.YoumeetusatKristy’sCorneraquarterearlierbeforethefilmstarts.We’llbehavingsomeice-creamtherebeforethefilmstarts.M:OK.ButIstillwanttogotothebookstorebeforethefilmstarts.ThereisasaleandI’dliketogetabook.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P音頻，請去附件查看】14.Whatdoesthemando?A.Apoliceman. B.Afirefighter. C.Areporter.15.Howmanykidsdiedfromthefire?A.2. B.5. C.28.16.Wheredidtheboythrowthecigaretteend?A.Onthecarpet. B.Onthesofa. C.Onthetable.17.Whywastheboyabletotouchthecigaretteend?A.Hisfatheraskedhimtothrowit.B.Hisfatherwasdrunkandsleeping.C.Hisfatherlefthimaloneathome.【答案】14.C15.A16.A17.B【解析】【原文】W:Haveyoufinishedthereportonprivateschools?M:Notyet.Youknow,Ihavetwootherarticlestowriteandtheeditorhasjustsentmeouttoreportonthebigfire.Ihavegottogoslow.W:Yeah.Speakingofthebigfire,I’dliketoknowtheexactnumberofvictims.M:Unfortunately,5peopledied.28peoplearestillinhospital.Amongthedead,2arechildren.W:Oh…Poorkids!Didn’ttheycallthefirefighterstohelp?M:I’mnotsureaboutthat.Theymayhavetriedtoputoutthefire,butitwasimpossibletocontrolit.Withthehelpofthefirefighters,thefirewasfinallybroughtundercontrol,buthadstillcausedgreatdamage.W:I’mwonderingwhatcausedthefire.M:Itwasacigaretteendthatburntthecarpetupwhenamanwassleepingsoundlyonthesofa.Hissonwasplayingwithhiscigaretteendbythetable.Hethrewthecigaretteendonthecarpet.W:Howcouldakidgetthecigarette!M:Thatisthepoint.Themanwasdrunkandhediedinhisdream.聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關音頻，請去附件查看】18.Howcanfrozenfoodbekeptcoldatordinarytemperatures?A.Byusingbags. B.Byusingwater. C.Byusingpaper.19.Whatisadvisedtodowhencamping?A.Keepmilkinacoolerbox.B.Nevercookmeatoreggs.C.Usespecialdryfoods.20.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Howtopickupfreshfood.B.Howtoeathealthilyindifferentweather.C.Howtokeepfoodfromgoingbadinsummer.【答案】18.A19.C20.C【解析】【原文】W:Duringthesummeryoushouldbeevenmorecarefulthanusualbecausefoodgoesbadfasterinhotweatherthanincoldweather.Whenyoubuyfrozenandrefrigeratedfoods,don’tmakelongstopsonyourwayhomebecausefrozenfoodscouldbecomesoftorwarm.Usingbagshelpskeepfoodcolduntilyoucangethome.Milkandmilkproductsshouldberefrigeratedimmediately.Whencampingorpicnickingoratanytimewhenrefrigerationcan’tbemadeuseof,usespecialdryfoods.Don’tleavefoodinahotcar.Picnicfavoriteslikemeat,chickenandeggsshouldbekeptinacoolerbox.Aboveall,ifthefooddoesn’tseemtobenormalinsmellorappearance,throwitawayimmediately.Don’ttasteit.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分42.5分）第一節(jié)（共12小題；每小題2.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下列材料，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C)中,選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。ASurvivalandrescuestoriesfromthedeadlycrashofTransAsiaAirwaysFlight235inTaiwanareinspiringaswellasexciting.Theyraisethequestion:Whydosomepassengerssurviveplanecrasheswhileotherssadlydon't?Someofthesurvivalgamesinvolvefactorspassengerslargelycan'tcontrol,liketheweather,flightcrewskills,thedesignofairlineseatsandtheconstruction,maintenance(維修)andtheageoftheplane.Butpassengersthemselvescandoalottoimprovetheirchancesofsurvivalsimplybymakingsmartchoicesandbeinginformed.Hereareafewideastokeepinmind:*Seatchoice.Expertsdiffer.Haveyouheardofthe“five-rowrule”?Thisreferstotheideathatifyou'resittingwithinfiverowsofanemergencyexit,youhaveastatistically(統(tǒng)計地)betterchanceofsurvivingacrash.*Listentothesafetytalk.Yeah,it'sboring.Butitcouldsaveyourlife!Thepresentation－byvideoorbyflightattendants－explainingwhattodoincasetheplanegoesdown,offerskeyinformationlike:HowdoIgetout?*Readthesafetycard.Doyouknowthatsafetycardinthepocketoftheseatinfrontofyou?Thinkofitasamapleadingyoutowardsurvival.Readit.Itshowshowtheplaneyou'reonwillbeevacuated(撤離).*Beawareoftheexits.Planyourescape.Visualizehowyou－andperhapschildrenyou'retravelingwith－aregoingtogetoutoftheplane.*Movequickly.Youhave90secondstogetoutoftheplaneafteracrash.Manypassengersinplanecrashessurvivetheinitialimpact.It'swhathappensnextthatoftenkillsthem.Thisincludesfire,smokeandsometimeswater.Sherwoodadvisesusing90secondsasatimeframeforescaping.21.Atthebeginningofthepassage,thecrashofTransAsiaAirwaysismentioned________.A.toshareastory B.tointroducethetopicC.tointroduceaflight D.tocriticizethepassengers22.Ofthefollowingthings,passengerscancontrol________.A.theweather B.flightcrewskillsC.theageoftheplane D.makingchoicesoftheseat23.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Youshouldreadtheboringsafetycardonthedeskinfrontofyou.B.You'dbettersitwithinsevenrowsofanemergencyexit.C.Youshoulddesignyourescapewayinadvance.D.Youshouldwaitamomentafteracrash.24.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassagemostprobablyis________.A.toofferussometipsonhowtosurviveanair-crashB.toofferussometipsonhowtoenjoyanairjourneyC.toinformusofmajorservicesontheplaneD.toinformusofthedangeroftakingplanes【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在發(fā)生空難事故時，一些有助于提高乘客自身存活率的建議?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“SurvivalandrescuestoriesfromthedeadlycrashofTransAsiaAirwaysFlight235inTaiwanareinspiringaswellasexciting.Theyraisethequestion:Whydosomepassengerssurviveplanecrasheswhileotherssadlydon't?”（復興航空235號航班在臺灣的致命墜機事件中的生存和救援故事既鼓舞人心又令人振奮。它們提出了一個問題：為什么有些乘客能在飛機失事后幸存下來，而不幸地是另一些人卻不能？）以及第三段中“Butpassengersthemselvescandoalottoimprovetheirchancesofsurvivalsimplybymakingsmartchoicesandbeinginformed.”（但只要乘客做出明智的選擇并得到信息，他們自己就能大大提高生存幾率。）再結合下文提到了一些有助于乘客提高存活率的建議，可知，在文章開頭提到復興航空公司的墜機事件是為了引入文章的主題。故選B?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Seatchoice.Expertsdiffer.Haveyouheardofthe“five-rowrule”?Thisreferstotheideathatifyou'resittingwithinfiverowsofanemergencyexit,youhaveastatistically(統(tǒng)計地)betterchanceofsurvivingacrash.”（座位的選擇。專家眾說紛壇。你聽說過“五排規(guī)則”嗎？這是指如果你坐在離緊急出口5排以內(nèi)的位置，從統(tǒng)計學上講，你在空難中生存幾率更大。）可知，乘客可以控制的是座位的選擇。故選D。【23題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Beawareoftheexits.Planyourescape.Visualizehowyou－andperhapschildrenyou'retravelingwith－aregoingtogetoutoftheplane.”（留意出口位置。計劃你的逃生路線。想象你或者可能是跟你一起出游的的孩子如何逃出這架飛機。）可知，要提前計劃逃生路線；C選項“Youshoulddesignyourescapewayinadvance(你應該提前設計你的逃生路線)”正確。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Butpassengersthemselvescandoalottoimprovetheirchancesofsurvivalsimplybymakingsmartchoicesandbeinginformed.”（但只要乘客做出明智的選擇并得到信息，他們自己就能大大提高生存幾率。）以及“Hereareafewideastokeepinmind”（下面是一些需要記住的建議）再結合文章主要介紹了在發(fā)生空難時，一些有助于提高乘客自身存活率的建議。由此可知，作者寫這篇文章的目的很可能是為我們提供一些在空難中幸存的建議。故選A。BKingTut,Egypt'sfamousboyking,wasburiedwithmanyvaluableobjects.Adaggerdiscoveredinhistombhasrecentlyattractedextraattention.Researchershaveconcludedthatthedaggerwasprobablymadefromaspecialmaterial.KingTutwasonlyaboutnineyearsoldwhenhebecamerulerofEgyptmorethan3,300yearsago.Theyoungkingdiedwhenhewasjust19.Hisbodywasburiedinatombfilledwithobjectsthatpeoplebelievedhewouldneedintheafterlife.In1922,HowardCarterdiscoveredTut'stombintheValleyoftheKingsinEgypt.Uptonow,itwasthebestpreservedancientEgyptiantombeverfound.In1925,Carterfoundthedaggerwhichhasagoldhandleandanironblade.ThebladehadconfusedexpertsbecauseironwashardlyusedatthattimeinancientEgypt.Infact,itwassorarethatitwasconsideredmorevaluablethangold.Wheredidtheironforthebladecomefrom?AroundthetimeofKingTut,ancientEgyptiansstartedusinganewwordforironthattranslatesas“ironfromthesky”Thisledsomeexpertstobelievethattheironforthebladecamefromameteorite.Butstudiesofthedaggercarriedoutinthe1970sand1990sdidn'tsupportthatidea.That'swheremoderntechnologycomesin.Researchersusedanewtechniquetoexaminetheblade.Theydiscoveredthatitwasmadeupofironandothermaterialsfoundinmeteorites.Aftercomparingittoseveralmeteorites,theyevenfounditspossiblematch—ameteoritethatlandedinnorthernEgyptthousandsofyearsago.ScientistshopethenewstudywillleadtomorediscoveriesaboutotherancientEgyptianrelics,“ItwouldbeveryinterestingtoanalyzemorePre-ironAgeobjectsandwecouldgainpreciousdiscoveries.”DanielaComelli,whoisaprofessor,said.25.HowmanyyearsdidKingTutgovernEgypt?A.9. B.10. C.19. D.2926.WhatdoweknowaboutTut'stomb?A.Itwasbuiltwhenhewas9. B.Ithasalotofironobjectsinit.C.Itwasthefirsttombtobefound. D.Itwasperfectlykeptwhendiscovered.27Scientistspaidextraattentiontothedaggerbecause________.A.itsbladeismadeofiron B.itisKingTut'sfavoriteobjectC.itwasmorevaluablethangold D.itleadstomorediscoveries28.Theresearchersusedmoderntechnologytoshow________.A.ironiswidelyusedinancientEgypt. B.ancientEgyptianobjectsareexcellent.C.Tut'sdaggerwaslikelymadefromameteorite. D.morevaluableobjectsarehiddeninthetombs.【答案】25.B26.D27.A28.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。在圖坦卡蒙的陵墓里發(fā)現(xiàn)的一把匕首最近吸引了專家們的注意，通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這把匕首很可能是由隕石制成的?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“KingTutwasonlyaboutnineyearsoldwhenhebecamerulerofEgyptmorethan3,300yearsago.Theyoungkingdiedwhenhewasjust19.(3300多年前，圖坦卡蒙國王成為埃及的統(tǒng)治者時只有9歲。年輕的國王去世時才19歲)”可知，圖坦卡蒙王統(tǒng)治埃及19-9=10年。故選B?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Uptonow,itwasthebestpreservedancientEgyptiantombeverfound.(到目前為止，它是迄今為止發(fā)現(xiàn)的保存最好的古埃及古墓)”可知，圖坦卡蒙的陵墓被發(fā)現(xiàn)時保存得非常完好。故選D?！?7題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“In1925,Carterfoundthedaggerwhichhasagoldhandleandanironblade.ThebladehadconfusedexpertsbecauseironwashardlyusedatthattimeinancientEgypt.Infact,itwassorarethatitwasconsideredmorevaluablethangold.Wheredidtheironforthebladecomefrom?(1925年，卡特發(fā)現(xiàn)了這把劍，劍柄是金的，刀刃是鐵的。這種刀刃讓專家們感到困惑，因為在古埃及的那個時候幾乎不使用鐵。事實上，它是如此罕見，以至于人們認為它比黃金還珍貴。刀刃的鐵是從哪里來的？)”可知，科學家特別注意這把匕首是因為它的刀刃是鐵做的。故選A?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“That'swheremoderntechnologycomesin.Researchersusedanewtechniquetoexaminetheblade.Theydiscoveredthatitwasmadeupofironandothermaterialsfoundinmeteorites.Aftercomparingittoseveralmeteorites,theyevenfounditspossiblematch—ameteoritethatlandedinnorthernEgyptthousandsofyearsago.(這就是現(xiàn)代技術的用武之地。研究人員使用了一種新技術來檢查刀片。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)它是由鐵和隕石中發(fā)現(xiàn)的其他物質(zhì)組成的。在將它與幾塊隕石進行比較后，他們甚至發(fā)現(xiàn)了它可能的匹配物——一顆數(shù)千年前降落在埃及北部的隕石)”可知，研究人員用現(xiàn)代技術來證明圖坦卡蒙的匕首可能是由隕石制成的。故選C。CHoneybeescan'tswim,andwhentheirwingsarewet,theycan'tfly,either.ButChrisRohandotherresearchersattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyfoundthatwhenbeesdropintobodiesofwater,theycanusetheirwingstoproducelittlewavesandslidetowardland-likesurferswhocreateandthenridetheirownwaves.Aswithmanyscientificadvances－IsaacNewton'sappleorBenjaminFranklin'slightningbolt－Dr.Roh'sexperimentbeganwithawalk.PassingCaltech'sMillikanPondin2016,heobservedabeeonthewater'ssurfaceproducingwaves.Hewonderedhowaninsectknownforflightcouldpushitselfthroughwater.Dr.Rohandhisco-worker,MortezaGharib,usedbutterflynetstocollectlocalPasadenahoneybeesandobservedtheirsurf-likemovements.Theresearchersusedawiretorestricteachbee'sbodilymovement,allowingcloseexaminationoftheirwings.Theyfoundthatthebeebendsitswingsata30-degreeangle,pullingupwaterandproducingaforwardforce.Beesgettrappedonthesurfacebecausewaterisaboutthreetimesheavierthanair.Butthatweighthelpstopushthebeeforwardwhenitswingsmovequicklyupanddown.It'satoughexerciseforthebees,whichtheresearchersguesscouldhandleabout10minutesoftheactivity.Theresearcherssaidthesurf-likemovementhasn'tbeendocumentedinotherinsectsandmostsemiaquatic(半水生)insectsusetheirlegsforpropulsion(推進力),whichisknownaswater-walking.Itmayhaveevolvedinbees,theypredicted.Dr.RohandDr.Gharibhaveimaginedmanypracticalapplicationsforbees'surfing.Oneplanistousetheirobservationstodesignrobotsabletotravelacrossskyandsea.“Thiscouldbeusefulforsearchandrescues,orforgettingsamplesofthesurfaceoftheocean,ifyoucan'tsendaboatorhelicopter,”Dr.Gharibsaid.29.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowbyreferringtoNewtonandFranklin?A.Roh'sadmirationforthem.B.Roh'schancediscoveryaboutbees.C.Theiroutstandingtalentforscience.D.Theirsimilarachievementsindiscovery.30.Whatplaysthemostimportantroleinabee'smovingforwardonwater?A.Theairweight. B.Thebee'sweight.C.Thewatersurface. D.Thebee'scontinuouswingbeat.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evolved”inParagraph4mean?A.Changedquickly. B.Developedgradually.C.Becamebetter. D.Becameworse.32.WhatcanRoh'srobotdoaccordingtothepassage?A.Itcansearchwildanimalsintheforestfire.B.Itcantravelacrossskywiththeaidofhelicopter.C.Itcangetsamplesofthesurfaceoftheoceanbyitself.D.Itcanrescuesurvivorsfromundergroundafterearthquake.【答案】29.B30.D31.B32.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，當蜜蜂掉進水里時，它們可以用翅膀產(chǎn)生小波浪，然后像會創(chuàng)造并駕馭自己的波浪的沖浪者一樣滑向陸地。文章主要介紹了這項研究的開展過程以及蜜蜂沖浪行為可以帶來的一些實際應用?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Aswithmanyscientificadvances－IsaacNewton'sappleorBenjaminFranklin'slightningbolt－Dr.Roh'sexperimentbeganwithawalk.PassingCaltech'sMillikanPondin2016,heobservedabeeonthewater'ssurfaceproducingwaves.Hewonderedhowaninsectknownforflightcouldpushitselfthroughwater.（正如許多科學進步一樣，艾薩克·牛頓的蘋果或本杰明·富蘭克林的閃電。盧武鉉的實驗從散步開始。2016年，經(jīng)過加州理工學院的米利坎池塘時，他觀察到一只蜜蜂在水面上產(chǎn)生波浪。他想知道一種以飛行著稱的昆蟲是如何在水中前進的）”可知，作者提及牛頓和富蘭克林是想表明Roh關于蜜蜂的偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選B?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Butthatweighthelpstopushthebeeforwardwhenitswingsmovequicklyupanddown.（但當蜜蜂的翅膀快速上下移動時，這種重量有助于推動蜜蜂向前）”。可知，蜜蜂在水中前進的過程中持續(xù)拍打翅膀起著重要的作用。故選D?！?1題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中“Theresearcherssaidthesurf-likemovementhasn'tbeendocumentedinotherinsectsandmostsemiaquatic(半水生)insectsusetheirlegsforpropulsion(推進力),whichisknownaswater-walking.（研究人員說，在其他昆蟲身上還沒有記錄到類似沖浪的運動，大多數(shù)半水生昆蟲用腿來推進，這被稱為水上行走）”和“theypredicted（他們預測）”以及第五段第一句“Dr.RohandDr.Gharibhaveimaginedmanypracticalapplicationsforbees'surfing.（盧博士和加里布博士設想了蜜蜂沖浪的許多實際應用）”由此可知，蜜蜂在進化，所以劃線詞的意思是“進化，逐漸發(fā)展”。故選B。【32題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thiscouldbeusefulforsearchandrescues,orforgettingsamplesofthesurfaceoftheocean,ifyoucan'tsendaboatorhelicopter（如果你不能派出船只或直升機，這對于搜救或獲取海洋表面的樣本可能會很有用）”，可知，Roh的機器人可以自己獲取海洋表面的樣本。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Doyousometimesgetstuckondecisionmaking?Whileit'sgreattohaveoptions,thereisahiddenburden:theresponsibilityofactuallymakingachoice!Thetoggletechniqueisgoodforimportantdecisionswhereyoufeelstuckbetweentwochoices.You'vethoughtaboutbothoptionscarefully,butyou'restillunsure.___33___Here'show:?Getcentered.Findaquietspaceanddoacoupleofdeepbreathstowarmup.___34___.?Divein.Imaginethatyou'vetotallycommittedtooneofyourchoice—we'llcallthatchoiceOptionA.Forabout30seconds,silentlypretendthatyou'vedecidedtochooseOptionA.___35___Forexample,doyoufeelasinkinginyourstomachorapositive,energizedfeelingthat'smorelikebutterfliesinyourstomach??___36___OnceyouhaveexploredhowOptionAfeels,mentallytoggleovertoOptionBandpretendforapproximatelythirtysecondsthatyou'vechosenthisoption.Noticehowitfeelsemotionally,andnoticeifyouhaveanybody-feltreactions.Forexample,doyoufeelawarmupliftedfeelinginyourchestorasenseoftighteninginyourchest??Gowithyourgut.___37___Andgiveyourselfpermissiontochoosetheonethatreallyfeltbestonanemotionalandbody-feltlevel.Manytimes,clientsinmypracticewhoarestrugglingwithanimportantchoicearesurprisedtoseehowmucheasieritistochoosewhentheyallowthemselvestoseehowtheyactuallyfeelaboutthechoices.A.Makeaswitch.B.Noticehowitfeelsinyourbody.C.Closeyoureyestoblockoutdistractions.D.Comparehowitfelttochooseeachoption.E.Talkchoicesoverwithtrustedsourcesofsupport.F.Sometimesour"gutfeeling"helpsmakethebestchoice.G.Thetoggletechniqueisnotareplacementfordoingapros/conslist.【答案】33.F34.C35.B36.A37.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。本文給我們講述了當我們進行一項決策時，有時難免陷入進退兩難的困局。這時可以用一種切換技術，比較在情感和身體感受的層面上，哪種選擇的真實感覺最好，從而更容易作出最佳決策?！?3題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Doyousometimesgetstuckondecisionmaking?Whileit'sgreattohaveoptions,thereisahiddenburden:theresponsibilityofactuallymakingachoice!Thetoggletechniqueisgoodforimportantdecisionswhereyoufeelstuckbetweentwochoices.You'vethoughtaboutbothoptionscarefully,butyou'restillunsure.(你是否有時會在做決定時陷入困境？雖然有選擇是件好事，但也隱藏著一種負擔：真正做出選擇的責任！切換技術對于你在兩個選擇之間感到為難的重要決定很有用。這兩種選擇你都仔細考慮過了，但還是不確定)”可知，上文提到了仔細考慮過兩種選擇還是不確定，結合后文介紹了如何通過直覺來做出最好的選擇，故F選項“有時候我們的‘直覺’會幫助我們做出最好的選擇”符合語境，故選F?！?4題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Getcentered.Findaquietspaceanddoacoupleofdeepbreathtowarmup.(集中注意力。找一個寧靜的地方，做幾下深呼吸，調(diào)整一下情緒)”可知，上文提到集中注意力的過程，本句為本段最后一句，應承接上文繼續(xù)說明排除外界干擾，集中注意力的過程。故C選項“閉上眼睛以阻擋干擾”符合語境，故選C。【35題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Forabout30seconds,silentlypretendthatyou'vedecidedtochooseOptionA.(用約30秒時間，默默地假定你已經(jīng)決定選擇A)”以及后文“Forexample,doyoufeelasinkinginyourstomachorapositive,energizedfeelingthat'smorelikebutterfliesinyourstomach?(例如，你會覺得精神沮喪或者有沒有一種積極的能量感，更像緊張不安那樣的感覺？)”可知，后文提到了“精神沮喪”以及“緊張不安”這兩種感覺，可推測本句是在建議注意自己內(nèi)心的感覺。B選項中it指代上文OptionA。故B選項“注意它在你身體里的感覺”符合語境，故選B?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)后文“OnceyouhaveexploredhowOptionAfeels,mentallytoggleovertoOptionBandpretendforapproximatelythirtysecondsthatyou'vechosenthisoption.(一旦你已經(jīng)仔細研究了選擇A的感覺，內(nèi)心切換到選擇B。花大約30秒時間假定你已經(jīng)決定選擇它)”可知，本句位于段首，統(tǒng)率全段，后文提到從選擇A切換到選擇B，可以推測，這一句的意思是從選擇A切換到選擇B。故A選項“轉換一下”符合語境，故選A?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Gowithyourgut.(跟著你的直覺走)”以及后文“Andgiveyourselfpermissiontochoosetheonethatreallyfeltbestonanemotionalandbody-feltlevel.(允許自己選擇一個在情感和身體感受的層面上真正感覺最好的選擇)”可知，本段主要是建議跟著直覺走，且后文提到了在情感和身體感受的層面上選擇真正感覺最好的選擇，可推測本句是在說明先比較每種選擇，再做出選項，后文中one指代上文eachoption。故D選項“比較選擇每一個選項時的感覺”符合語境，故選D第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。Gradyhadasurpriseencounterinthecampingsite.“Thisisgoingtobeanotherreallylongweek,”hesaidtonoone___38___,sighing.Helookedaroundatthecampground.Hundredsoftalltrees___39___themountainside,likeabeautifulgreencarpet.Thesunwouldbesettingsoon.Evenuphereinthe___40___,thehotairofJulycouldstillbeannoying.Gradyhatedcamping,butitwassomethinghisfamilyinsistedonevery___41___.Hisfatherlikedcookingoveranopenfire,tellingstoriesabouthowto___42___thingslikebearattacksandbeebites.HismotherandyoungerbrotherJaredlikedtohikeandtake___43___ofanimals.Jaredhadacollectionofbugpicturesandhepinnedthemtothe___44___inhishalfoftheirroom,bugsonleaves,bugsontrees,bugsmovingindirt.GradythoughtitwasnotquitenormalandregardedJaredasa___45___kid.They___46___camp－twotentsoneforhisparentsandoneforhimselfandJared.Whileeveryoneelsestartedpreparingdinner,Gradyset___47___forthenearbystreamwhichwasdeepenoughtoswimin,lookingforsomeplacetocooldown.Ashe___48___thestream,somethingcaughthiseyes.Therewasa(n)___49___blackbabybear,nomorethantwofeettallwithalovelyface.Itwasplaying___50___atthewater'sedge,payingnoattentiontoitssurroundings.Gradymovedclosertogeta___51___look.ThenGradyheardasoundbehindhim.Hesuddenlyrememberedhisfatheroncesayingthatbabybearwouldneverbe___52___.Thenhelookedupandsawthemotherbearmovingtowardshim……Whatasurpriseencounter!38.A.inadvance B.inbrief C.inparticular D.inturn39.A.quit B.covered C.reflected D.moved40.A.mountain B.river C.car D.tower41.A.spring B.summer C.autumn D.winter42.A.encourage B.attract C.forgive D.survive43.A.pictures B.control C.care D.examples44.A.roofs B.walls C.floors D.beds45.A.generous B.independent C.strange D.sensitive46.A.letdown B.brokedown C.setup D.pickup47.A.out B.off C.about D.up.48.A.removed B.defended C.filled D.approached49.A.cute B.terrible C.frightened D.large50.A.respectfully B.gratefully C.carefully D.joyfully51.A.brighter B.better C.fixed D.lasting52.A.absent B.awake C.alone D.asleep【答案】38.C39.B40.A41.B42.D43.A44.B45.C46.C47.B48.D49.A50.D51.B52.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。主要記敘了Grady在和家人露營時，只身來到小溪邊，看到一只可愛的熊寶寶，正當靠近時，想起父親說熊寶寶不會獨自行動，接著抬頭看到熊媽媽正向他走來……?！?8題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：“這將是又漫長的一周，”他嘆了口氣，并不是特意對誰說的。A.inadvance提前；B.inbrief簡言之；C.inparticular特別；D.inturn反過來。結合上文內(nèi)容可知Grady在自言自語，并不是特意對誰說的這話。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：數(shù)百棵高大的樹木覆蓋著山坡，像一張美麗的綠色地毯。A.quit停止；B.covered覆蓋；C.reflected反射；D.moved移動。結合前后文語境“Hundredsoftalltrees...themountainside”可知，此處指數(shù)百棵高大的樹木覆蓋著（covered）山坡。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：即使在這里的山上，7月的熱空氣仍然令人討厭。A.mountain山脈；B.river河流；C.car車；D.tower塔。結合上文“themountainside”可知，他們在山上。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Grady討厭露營，但他的家人每年夏天都堅持去露營。A.spring春天；B.summer夏天；C.autumn秋天；D.winter冬天。根據(jù)第一段中“thehotairofJulycouldstillbeannoying”可知當時是七月，說明他的家人是夏天去露營。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他的父親喜歡在明火上做飯，講述如何在遭受熊襲擊和蜜蜂叮咬等情況下生存下來的故事。A.encourage鼓勵；B.attract吸引；C.forgive原諒；D.survive幸存。根據(jù)后文“l(fā)ikebearattacksandbeebites”可知父親喜歡講述如何在遭受熊襲擊和蜜蜂叮咬等情況下生存下來的故事。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他的媽媽和弟弟Jared喜歡徒步旅行和給動物拍照。A.pictures圖片；B.control控制；C.care關心；D.examples例子。結合后文“hadacollectionofbugpictures”可知，Jared喜歡給動物拍照。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Jared收集了一些昆蟲的圖片，他把它們釘在他那一半房間的墻上，樹葉上的昆蟲，樹上的昆蟲，在泥土中移動的昆蟲。A.roofs屋頂；B.walls墻壁；C.floors地板；D.beds床。根據(jù)常識和后文“inhishalfoftheirroom”可知，