湖南省常德市優(yōu) 質高中學校聯(lián)盟2024-2025學年高二上學期期末質量檢測英語試題 含解析

常德市優(yōu)質高中學校聯(lián)盟·2024年下學期高二期末質量檢測英語本試卷共8頁。全卷滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。注意事項：1.答題前，考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在本試卷和答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應的答案標號涂黑，如有改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案；回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatwillthemandotomorrow?A.Gotoamaskparty.B.Visithisbestfriends.C.Arrangeawedding.2.Howisthewomanfeeling?A.Angry.B.Disappointed.C.Tired.3.Whydidthewomanfindtheman?A.Toattendtohissickdog.B.Tocomplainabouthisdog.C.Tohelphimfindthelostdog.4.Whatisthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Bossandsecretary.B.Professorandstudent.C.Interviewerandinterviewee.5.Wherewillthetwospeakersgoattheweekend?A.Theschoollibrary.B.Thecentralcinema.C.Thelocalgrocery.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatwastheproblemwiththewoman?A.Herbusinesssuffered.B.Herofferwasdeclined.C.Hersonwasbadlyill.7.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Awkward.B.Upset.C.Positive.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhydoesthewomanthinkHollandisconsiderate?A.Hewillseethefreshmenoff.B.Hewillliftanoticeableboard.C.Hewillholdvariousactivities.9.Howwillthespeakersreachtheairport?A.Bycar.B.Bycoach.C.Bybus.10.WhatwillMrSmithdotonight?A.Holdawelcomeceremony.B.Takestudentstothedormitory.C.Prepareamealforstudents.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatistheman'strouble?A.Hehasabadcoldandfeelstired.B.Heisindecisiveaboutfuturejob.C.Hecan'tfindawell-paidpost.12.Whatdoestheman'sauntdo?A.Amanager.B.Anemployer.C.Anengineer.13.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Accepthisaunt'soffer.B.Holdontohisowndream.C.Takehisparents'advice.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WhydoesthemanpreferStarCafe?A.Itispopularonline.B.Itoffersagoodservice.C.Itisnotfaraway.15.WhereistheStarCafe?A.OppositetheNationalBank.BAcrossfromalocalpark.C.OntheThirdAvenue.16.Whenwilltheroombecleaned?A.At6:00am.B.At7:00am.C.At11:00am.17.Whowillarrangeforadrivertopickuptheman?A.Thewoman.B.Themanhimself.C.Theman'ssecretary.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Wherewilltheymeettotakeabus?A.Thenearestbusstation.B.Thefrontgateoftheschool.C.Thebackgateoftheschool.19.Whatisthevisitintendedtodo?A.Appreciatediverseanimalsandplants.B.Raiseawarenessofecologicalprotection.C.Takebeautifulpicturesofbeautifulview.20.Whatwillthelistenersdorightafterthevisit?A.Gobackhome.B.Haveameal.C.Watchafilm.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ADenaliNationalParkAtriptoAlaskaissimplyincompletewithoutexperiencingDenaliNationalPark.KeepreadingforexpertDenaliNationalParkadviceonthefollowingthreeaspects.WhattoDoDestinationsintheparkincludetheStonyHillOverlook,PolychromePass,EielsonVisitorCenter,WonderLake,andthehistoricKantishnatownsite.OfthemanythingstodointheDenaliarea,theverybestwaytoexperiencetheparkissightseeingonanarratedbustour.Youwillhaveaccessto43scenicmilesoftheParkRoad.ThegreaterDenaliParkareaofferslotsofactivities,too.Flightseebywingedplaneorhelicopter,takeaguidednaturalisthike,ATV,orzipline.There'ssomethingforeverytraveler.PleasevisitourThingstoDoinDenaliNationalParkpageformoreideas.WheretoStayDuetoitslocationintheinteriorofthestateandthetimerequiredtotakeinthisexpansivepark,werecommendspendingtwoorthreenightsintheDenaliNationalParkarea.Nearlyallaccommodationoptionsarelocatedoutsidetheparkentrance.WerecommendtheDenaliBluffsHotel,theGrandeDenaliLodge,andtheDenaliWildernessLodge.Ifyoupreferauniquewildernessexperience,astayatabackcountryinninsidetheparkissuretofulfillallyourexpectations.AlocalfavoriteisthehistoricKantishnaRoadhouse,anall-inclusivebackcountryinn90mileswithinthepark.HowtoGetthereLocatedalongtheParksHighway,theentrancetoDenaliNationalParkisapproximately240milesnorthofAnchorageand125milessouthofFairbanks.DenaliNationalParkisaccessiblebycarorviatheAlaskaRailroadfromeitherAnchorageorFairbanks.AnothergreatoptionistheParkConnectionMotorcoach,whichoffersdailysummerservicebetweentheparkandSeward,Whittier,Anchorage,andTalkeetna.SeeourDenaliNationalParkTransportationpageforacompletelistofoptions.Forfurtherinformation,pleaseclickhere.1.Whatisthetopchoicetoexperiencethepark?A.Toenjoyviewsonanarratedbus. B.Tostayinaninnwithinthepark.C.Totakeaguidednaturalisthike. D.Tooverlookviewsinahelicopter.2.WhichhotelisusuallychosenbynativesinDenali?A.DenaliBluffsHotel. B.GrandeDenaliLodge.C.KantishnaRoadhouse. D.DenaliWildernessLodge.3.Wherecanyoufindthetextabove?A.Aguidebook. B.Atravelbrochure.C.Awebsite. D.Anewsreport.【答案】1.A2.C3.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章是關于德納里國家公園三個方面的旅行建議?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“OfthemanythingstodointheDenaliarea,theverybestwaytoexperiencetheparkissightseeingonanarratedbustour.(在德納里地區(qū)有許多可做的事情，體驗公園的最佳方式是乘坐有講解的巴士游覽)”可知，體驗公園的首選是在有旁白的公共汽車上欣賞風景。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二部分“AlocalfavoriteisthehistoricKantishnaRoadhouse,anall-inclusivebackcountryinn90mileswithinthepark.(當?shù)厝俗钕矚g的是歷史悠久的KantishnaRoadhouse，這是一家位于公園內90英里的包羅萬象的鄉(xiāng)村旅館)”可知，德納里當?shù)厝送ǔ＿x擇KantishnaRoadhouse。故選C。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Forfurtherinformation,pleaseclickhere.(欲知詳情，請點擊此處)”可推知，文章在網(wǎng)頁中可以找到。故選C。BDaveGoodmanstartedworkingcomedyclubsalloverthecountrysuchasCambridgeandHawaii.Afteryearsofwakingupinadifferentporteveryday,DaveeventuallyputdownrootsinSouthernCalifornia.Apartfromacting,Davealsopublishedhisfirstbookin2015“ConfessionsofaCruiseShipComedian”,whichquicklyclimbedtheAmazonBestSellersListandachievednumerous5Starreviews.InadditiontohavingtraveledmillionsofmilesentertainingandmakingpeoplelaugharoundtheworldDavealsoperformsforourtroopsstationedallovertheglobe.DavehasmadenumeroustripstothePacificRim,HawaiiandacrosstheUnitedStatesentertainingthemilitary.ThisexperiencehasmadeDavegaingreatrespectfrompeoplearoundtheworld.Attheageof37,Daveweighedapproximately356pounds,makinghimaheavyguyandhadalreadysufferedaheartattack.ManypeoplewhostrugglewiththeirweightareunsatisfiedwiththeirlivesandDavewascertainlynoexception.Davehadbattledwithhisweightforhisentirelife.SinceDave’scopingmechanismwashumor,thismadehimanawesomecomedian—arisingstaroftelevisionandfilm,whosebrilliantcareertookhimallaroundtheworld.Onstage,Davewasamasteratmakingpeoplelaugh,butoffstage,hefeltmiserableashisweightincreasedsoquicklythatitwasoutofcontrol.TheturningpointhappenedwhenDavemadeapromisetohisdyingfriendtoloseweightandgraduallygethealthy.That’swhenDavemadeithismissiontoturnhislifearound.Inunder18monthsandwithanewwayofrecoveringfitness,goingonadiet,adoptingdoctor’sadviceandreceivingencouragementfromrelatives,Davelostanincredible175pounds,nearly50%ofhistotalbodyweight.Throughhisjourney,Davehaslearnedtheimportanceoflivingwithahealthymentalattitudeandphysicallifestyle.4.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1?A.Daveisacelebrityofdiverseabilities.B.Daveisaresponsibleanddeterminedman.C.Dave’sfirstbookwaswidelyacceptedbyreaders.D.DavesettleddowninSouthernCaliforniawithhiswife.5.WhichofthefollowingmadeDavegetglobalrespect?A.Dave’ssuccessexampleoflosingweight.B.Davehasofferedconsiderableshowstothearmy.C.Dave’soutstandingcareercaughtmuchattention.D.Davehastravelledmanyplacestoentertainpeople.6.WheredidDave’smentalpaincomefrom?A.Hisunwelcomeperformance. B.Hisrapidlyincreasingweight.C.Hisunsatisfyingactingaccomplishment. D.Hisunpleasantsufferingofaheartattack.7.WhydidDavemakeuphismindtoloseweight?A.Hisheartdisease. B.Hisdoctor’sadvice.C.Hisrelatives’encouragement. D.Hiscommitmenttohisfriend.【答案】4.C5.B6.B7.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了喜劇演員Dave的個人故事?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Apartfromacting,Davealsopublishedhisfirstbookin2015“ConfessionsofaCruiseShipComedian”,whichquicklyclimbedtheAmazonBestSellersListandachievednumerous5Starreviews.(除了表演，Dave還在2015年出版了他的第一本書《一個游輪喜劇演員的自白》，這本書很快登上了亞馬遜暢銷書排行榜，獲得了無數(shù)的五星好評)”可知，Dave的第一本書在讀者中很受認可，被讀者廣泛接受。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“DavehasmadenumeroustripstothePacificRim,HawaiiandacrosstheUnitedStatesentertainingthemilitary.(戴夫曾多次前往環(huán)太平洋地區(qū)，夏威夷和美國各地招待軍隊)”可知，Dave為世界各地的軍人表演而受到尊重，故選B。【6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Onstage,Davewasamasteratmakingpeoplelaugh,butoffstage,hefeltmiserableashisweightincreasedsoquicklythatitwasoutofcontrol.(在舞臺上，Dave是逗人發(fā)笑的大師，但在舞臺下，他感到痛苦，因為他的體重增加得太快，以至于失去了控制)”可知，舞臺下，讓Dave痛苦的是由于失控的體重，故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“TheturningpointhappenedwhenDavemadeapromisetohisdyingfriend,toloseweightandgraduallygethealthy.(轉折點發(fā)生在Dave向他垂死的朋友承諾要減肥并逐漸恢復健康的時候)”可知，Dave下定決心減肥是由于對即將去世的朋友的承諾，故選D。CEverysix-year-oldwantstobeanastronaut.Thiscareergoalisrightuptherewithfirefighter,detective,cowboyandballetdancer.Beforelong,though,mostrecognizethattheydonotmeet,andwillinfactnevermeetthenon-negotiablephysicalstandardsforthejob.Infact,survivalchancesforanylong-termmissionwillbegreatlyimprovedbylooseningtherestrictionsuntilallpeople,regardlessofdisability,areabletobeastronauts.Herewewillusetheexampleofatotallyblindastronaut.Onaspacewalkin2001,CanadianastronautChrisHadfieldwastemporarilyblindedbyacombinationofsoapandtearsinsidehishelmet.Therealproblemwasnotthathewasunabletosee,butitwasthatthecurrentspacesuitdesignforcesastronautstoover-relyonhand-eyecooperationtotheexclusionofotherusefulsensoryinformation.Forblindastronauts,theprioritywouldbetodesignsuitswithbetterflexibilityandincreasedtouchfeedback,sothehandscouldbeusedmoreeasilytoexploreandcontroltools.Generallyspeaking,inaseriousaccident,thefirstthingtogomightbethelights!Thisoftenmeansthatthefirstthingasightedastronautmustdoforsecurityisensurevisualaccesstotheenvironment.Hehuntsforaflashlight,andifemergencylightingcomeson,hiseyestakeamomenttoadjust.Meanwhile,theblindastronautisalreadyheadingtowardthesourceoftheproblem.InthefireaboardtheRussianMirspacestationin1997,thecrewstruggledassmokeblockedtheirview.Theblindastronaut,whilestillaffectedbythelackofgoodair,wouldnotbebotheredbyeitherdulllightingorheavysmoke.Shewouldaccuratelydirectthefireextinguisheratthesourceofheatandnoise.Furthermore,ablindastronautwon’tfeelthesicknesscausedbythelackofavisualhorizonnorbelostbythefrighteningviewduringspacewalks.Similarly,therewouldbelittlereasontoworryaboutthedamagemicrogravitydoestovisionasfluidaccumulatesintheeye.Soasaspaceobserver,Istronglybelievespaceflightcanbemadesaferwithablindcrewmateaboard.8.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthefirstparagraphaboutbeinganastronaut?A.Thedreamtobeanastronautfadeswithage. B.Astronautsshouldbephysicallyperfect.C.Onewithdisabilitycanalsobeanastronaut. D.Physicalstandardsarenotimportant.9.What’stherealproblemduringChrisHadfield’sspacewalk?A.Hedependedtoomuchonhiseyesight. B.Heignoredothersensoryinformation.C.Hewasunabletoseeanythinginspace. D.Hewasinfluencedbytearsinhishelmet.10.TheauthormentionsthefireaboardtheRussianMirspacestationtoshowblindastronauts__________.A.arebetterthancommonastronauts B.mayhavequickerreactiontodangerC.canputthingsintotheircorrectplace D.aregoodatusingfireextinguishers11.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph4?A.Thefutureofspaceflight. B.Thedilemmaofspaceflight.C.Theblindastronauts’prospects. D.Theblindastronauts’advantages.【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要談論了殘疾人（盲人）也能成為宇航員的優(yōu)勢?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段中“Infact,survivalchancesforanylong-termmissionwillbegreatlyimprovedbylooseningtherestrictionsuntilallpeople,regardlessofdisability,areabletobeastronauts.(事實上，通過放寬限制，直到所有人，無論是否殘疾，都能成為宇航員，任何長期任務的生存機會都會大大提高。)”可知，作者在第一段暗示了殘疾人也可以成為宇航員。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“Onaspacewalkin2001,CanadianastronautChrisHadfieldwastemporarilyblindedbyacombinationofsoapandtearsinsidehishelmet.Therealproblemwasnotthathewasunabletosee,butitwasthatthecurrentspacesuitdesignforcesastronautstoover-relyonhand-eyecooperationtotheexclusionofotherusefulsensoryinformation.(在2001年的一次太空行走中，加拿大宇航員ChrisHadfield被頭盔內的肥皂和淚水暫時弄瞎了眼睛。真正的問題不是他看不見，而是目前的宇航服設計迫使宇航員過度依賴手眼合作，排除了其他有用的感官信息。)”可知，ChrisHadfield太空行走時真正的問題是過于依賴視力，而忽視了其他有用的感官信息。故選A。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第三段中“Meanwhile,theblindastronautisalreadyheadingtowardthesourceoftheproblem.InthefireaboardtheRussianMirspacestationin1997,thecrewstruggledassmokeblockedtheirview.Theblindastronaut,whilestillaffectedbythelackofgoodair,wouldnotbebotheredbyeitherdulllightingorheavysmoke.Shewouldaccuratelydirectthefireextinguisheratthesourceofheatandnoise.(與此同時，這位盲人宇航員已經(jīng)朝著問題的根源前進。1997年，在俄羅斯和平號空間站發(fā)生火災時，由于煙霧阻擋了他們的視線，機組人員奮力掙扎。盲人宇航員雖然仍然受到缺乏良好空氣的影響，但不會被昏暗的燈光或濃煙所困擾。她會準確地將滅火器對準熱源和噪音源。)”可知，作者提到俄羅斯和平號空間站的火災是為了表明盲人宇航員對危險的反應可能更快。故選B。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第四段“Furthermore,ablindastronautwon’tfeelthesicknesscausedbythelackofavisualhorizonnorbelostbythefrighteningviewduringspacewalks.Similarly,therewouldbelittlereasontoworryaboutthedamagemicrogravitydoestovisionasfluidaccumulatesintheeye.Soasaspaceobserver,Istronglybelievespaceflightcanbemadesaferwithablindcrewmateaboard.(此外，盲人宇航員不會因為缺乏視野而感到惡心，也不會因為太空行走時的可怕景色而迷失方向。同樣，也沒有理由擔心微重力對眼睛中液體積聚造成的視力損害。因此，作為一名太空觀察者，我堅信有一名盲人機組人員在太空飛行時會更安全。)”可知，本段主要講述了盲人宇航員的優(yōu)勢。故選D。DChlorofluorocarbons(CFCs),thechemicalsthattoreaholeinEarth’sprotectiveozone(臭氧)layerwithinyearsoftheirmassproduction,aregettingreadytomakeacomebackinthelate21stcentury,inaprocessacceleratedbyclimatechange,researcherssay.TheMontrealProtocolbannedtheuseofCFCsworldwidein1987,afterresearchersdiscoveredthatCFCshaddamagedtheozonelayerthatprotectslifeonEarthfromharmfulradiation.AndtheMontrealProtocolhasmostlyworked—CFClevelsintheatmospherehavedroppedsharplyinrecentdecades,andtheozonelayerhasbeguntorepairitself,asLiveSciencereported.ButallthoseCFCsalreadyreleasedintotheatmospherehadtogosomewhere.Andformanyofthosemolecules(分子),thatsomewherewastheworld’soceans.Now,anewstudyprojectsthatasCFClevelsintheatmospheredropandtheoceanswarm,someofthosehiddenozone-killerswillendupbackintheair—almostasifsomecountriesdecidedtobeginreleasingthemagain.That’sbecausetheoceanandatmospheretendtostayinbalance.Whentheatmospherehasalotofmoleculesthatcanfullymixedwithwater,likeaCFC,theoceanssuckupsomeofit.Andwhentheoceanshavealotofthatsamemoleculesbuttheatmospheredoesn’t,theytendtoreleaseitbackintotheair.AstheworldhasstoppedproducingCFCs,CFClevelsintheatmospherehavedropped,andtheoceansaretakinginlessandlessfromtheair.Eventually,thebalancewillbebroken,andtheoceanswillbecomeemitters(排放者)ofCFCs.Atthesametime,climatechangewarmstheoceans,whichreducestheamountofCFCsagallonofoceanwatercanhold,speedingtheprocess.Thisnewstudyshowswhenallthosefactorsshouldcometogether,andturntheoceansfromCFC-spongestoCFC-emitters.12.WhatcanweknowaboutCFCs?A.Theyprotecttheearthfromdangerousradiation.B.Peoplewillcreatethemagaininthelate21stcentury.C.Manyofthemintheatmosphereendedupintheoceans.D.Theyhavebeentotallyforbiddenafterbeingspottedin1987.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“suckup”inParagraph4mean?A.Absorb. B.Release. C.Submit. D.Overcome.14.WhichofthefactorscontributestoturningtheoceansintoCFCemitters?A.DecreasedabilityofwatertokeepCFCs. B.Severalcountries’decisiontoemitCFCs.C.HigherlevelsofCFCsintheairthaninwater. D.BrokenCFCmoleculesduetoclimatechange.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.CFCs:theKillerofEarth’sOzoneLayer B.Ozone-destroyingCFCsonitsWayBackC.CFCsPermittedtobeEmittedintoOceans D.HowDoesClimateChangeAffectPlanetEarth?【答案】12.C13.A14.A15.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。本文介紹了海洋吸收的氯氟烴（CFCs）將從海洋中釋放出來?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段“ButallthoseCFCsalreadyreleasedintotheatmospherehadtogosomewhere.Andformanyofthosemolecules(分子),thatsomewherewastheworld’soceans.(但所有已經(jīng)釋放到大氣中的CFCs都必須去某個地方。對于其中許多分子來說，那是世界海洋的某個地方)”可知，大氣中的許多CFCs最終進入了海洋。故選C項?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。由最后一段“Whentheatmospherehasalotofmoleculesthatcanfullymixedwithwater,likeaCFC,theoceanssuckupsomeofit.Andwhentheoceanshavealotofthatsamemoleculesbuttheatmospheredoesn’t,theytendtoreleaseitbackintotheair.(當大氣中有很多可以與水完全混合分子，如CFC，海洋會其中的一部分。當海洋中有很多相同的分子，但大氣中沒有時，它們往往會將其釋放回空氣中)”中theoceanshavealotofthatsamemolecules可知，這里指海洋吸收大氣中的一些CFC分子，所以推斷suckup的意思是“吸收”，與A項Absorb意思相近。故選A項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。從最后一段“Atthesametime,climatechangewarmstheoceans,whichreducestheamountofCFCsagallonofoceanwatercanhold,speedingtheprocess.Thisnewstudyshowswhenallthosefactorsshouldcometogether,andturntheoceansfromCFC-spongestoCFC-emitters.(與此同時，氣候變化使海洋變暖，這減少了每加侖海水中可以容納的CFCs的量，加快了這一過程。這項新的研究表明，何時所有這些因素應該結合在一起，將海洋從CFC海綿變成CFC排放者)”可知，水容納CFC的能力下降是導致海洋變成CFC排放者的一個因素。故選A項?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章開篇指出氯氟烴（CFCs）這種在大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)后破壞地球臭氧層的化學物質，在21世紀后期由于氣候變化的加速作用可能會卷土重來，接著解釋了因為大氣和海洋中CFCs的平衡以及海洋變暖等因素，隱藏在海洋中的CFCs會重新回到空氣中。所以B選項Ozone-destroyingCFCsonitsWayBack(破壞臭氧層的CFCs卷土重來)準確地概括了文章的主要內容，即CFCs會在21世紀后期重新回到空氣中，對臭氧層再次造成威脅。所以B選項可以作為本文的最佳標題。故選B項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Themediamayplayasignificantroleinourbodyimageandhowwefeelaboutourselves.Wecanconsciouslyandunconsciouslycompareourselvestothe“perfect”imagesofpeopleweseeinmagazines,commercials,films,andsocialmedia.___16___Infact,self-consciousfeelingstowardourbodiesarepopularinsociety.Asacommonpeople,youcanlearntoimproveyourself-esteemandbodyimageandstartfeelinggoodaboutwhoyouare,thewayyouare.___17___Italsoprovidestoolstopromoteahealthy,positivebodyimage.Ourattentionisoftenfocusedontheconnectionbetweenthemediaandbodyimageforwomen.___18___Womeninthemediatypicallylookpolishedandtogether.Theymayhaveperfecthairandmakeup,amazingcomplexions(膚色),thinwaistlines,andcurves“inalltherightplaces.”Likewise,meninthemediaaregenerallytall,muscular,andmasculinewithtonedphysiques.Howpeoplelookinthemediacreatesanunrealisticimageofwhatmanypeoplethinktheyshouldlooklike.Only5%ofsocietyresemblestheimagesdescribedinthemedia.And59%ofpeoplefindbeautyfiltersusedinsocialmediatroubling.Manystudieshaveshownthatthemoretimewespendviewingmedia,thehigherthechancewe’llexperiencelowself-esteem.___19___Theymightengageindruguseordrinkabuseatlast.___20___Forexample,inAncientGreece,the“ideal”bodytypeforwomenwas“full-bodied”;duringtheItalianRenaissance,the“ideal”womanhadaroundedstomachandplentyofcurves;andtheAmerican1990softenfeaturedwomenwhowereverythinwithmoreremarkablefeatures.A.Ifyoustrugglewithyourbodyimage,youaren’talone.B.Society’saccountofthe“ideal”bodyiscontinuallyshifting.C.Whenyoupaymuchattentiontoyouimage,you’llbeoutofplace.D.Manystudiesalsoindicatedthatgirlstendtoposttheirimagesonline.E.However,therelationshipexistsforpeopleofallgendersandidentities.FThisarticleexplorestheconnectionbetweenbodyimageandthesocialmedia.G.Onestudyfoundthatboyswhofeltpressureabouttheirweightweremorelikelytohavedepression.【答案】16.A17.F18.E19.G20.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹媒體可能在我們的身體形象和我們對自己的感受中發(fā)揮重要作用，我們可以有意識和無意識地將自己與我們在雜志、商業(yè)廣告、電影和社交媒體上看到的那些人的“完美”形象進行比較。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文的“Wecanconsciouslyandunconsciouslycompareourselvestothe“perfect”imagesofpeopleweseeinmagazines,commercials,films,andsocialmedia.(我們可以有意無意地將自己與我們在雜志、廣告、電影和社交媒體上看到的“完美”形象進行比較。)”可知，我們有意無意地拿自己與自己看到的“完美”形象進行比較，結合下文的“Infact,self-consciousfeelingstowardourbodiesarepopularinsociety.(事實上，對自己身體的自我意識在社會上很流行。)”可知，對自己身體的自我意識是很流行的，由此可知，此空起到承上啟下的作用，A選項“Ifyoustrugglewithyourbodyimage,youaren’talone.(如果你在與自己的身體形象作斗爭，你并不孤單。)”承接上文，由于社交媒體，人們過度注重外在，追求完美的自己，從而引出下文說明這是一個普遍的現(xiàn)象。故選A項?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文的“Italsoprovidestoolstopromoteahealthy,positivebodyimage.(它還提供了促進健康、積極的身體形象的工具。)”可知，其中的it應指的是此空中的名詞單數(shù)，且it所指的內容給人們提供了促進健康的工具，F(xiàn)選項“Thisarticleexplorestheconnectionbetweenbodyimageandthesocialmedia.(這篇文章探討了身體形象和社交媒體之間的聯(lián)系。)”中的thisarticle是下文中it所指的內容，且下文的also也指明了文章行文的兩個目的：一是本文探討了身體形象與媒體之間的聯(lián)系；二是提供工具促進健康的積極的身體形象。故選F項?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文的“Ourattentionisoftenfocusedontheconnectionbetweenthemediaandbodyimageforwomen.(我們的注意力經(jīng)常集中在媒體和女性身體形象之間的聯(lián)系上。)”可知，通常人們關注的是媒體和女性身體形象之間的聯(lián)系，結合下文的“Womeninthemediatypicallylookpolishedandtogether.(媒體中的女性通?？雌饋砭虑矣袟l不紊。)”和“Likewise,meninthemediaaregenerallytall,muscular,andmasculinewithtonedphysiques.(同樣地，媒體中的男性通常高大、肌肉發(fā)達、陽剛，并且身材線條分明。)”可知，媒體與形象的關系不僅是存在女性身上，由此可知，此空與上文內容為轉折關系，E選項“However,therelationshipexistsforpeopleofallgendersandidentities.(然而，這種關系存在于所有性別和身份的人之間。)”講述的內容與上文之間為轉折關系，從而引出下文，符合語境。故選E項?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文的“Theymightengageindruguseordrinkabuseatlast.(他們最終可能會涉足藥物濫用或酗酒。)”可知，此空中應包含they指代的內容，且指代的對象可能會涉足濫用藥物或酗酒，G選項“Onestudyfoundthatboyswhofeltpressureabouttheirweightweremorelikelytohavedepression.(一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，感到體重壓力的男孩更容易出現(xiàn)抑郁情緒。)”中的boys為名詞復數(shù)，且與后文形成順承關系，符合語境。故選G項?！?0題詳解】分析語篇可知，此處應為本段的總起句，結合下文的“Forexample,inAncientGreece,the“ideal”bodytypeforwomenwas“full-bodied”;duringtheItalianRenaissance,the“ideal”womanhadaroundedstomachandplentyofcurves;andtheAmerican1990softenfeaturedwomenwhowereverythinwithmoreremarkablefeatures.(例如，在古希臘，“理想”的女性體型是“豐腴的”；在意大利文藝復興時期，“理想”的女性擁有圓潤的腹部和眾多曲線；而20世紀90年代的美國，則常常推崇非常纖瘦且特征顯著的女性。)”可知，在不同時期，社會對女性的身體有著不一樣的推崇標準，由此可知，該段主要講的是社會對“理想”身體的描述正在不斷變化，B選項“Society’saccountofthe“ideal”bodyiscontinuallyshifting.(社會對“理想”身材的描述在不斷變化。)”總結了本段的主題，符合語境。故選B項。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Asnewtermwasaroundthecorner,asanewly-hiredchemistryteacher,Ineededsomeexperimentalinstrument.Therefore,Iturnedtothelaboratory___21___forhelp.BeforeIleft,westarteda(n)___22___andthenIwastotally___23___byheramazingexperience.InthewinterholidaysheonherownhadgonetoaprimitiveforestcalledGreenParadise,whichis___24___visitedbyhumanbeings.Shejustrentedacarandbroughtsomepersonalbelongings.Alltheway,shehardlysawanotherfigureasshe___25___orhiked.Thephotossheshowedme___26___mefromfreezingNewYorktothebrilliantsunshineandgreentreesofGreenParadise,whereshecouldappreciatethebeautifulviews.Butwhatreally___27___mewasthatthiswomanisdefinitelyfearless.Infact,Iusedtothinkthatshewasunabletostepoutofthecomfortzonesincesheistiny.However,Iwasabsolutely___28___.WhenIaskedherwhethershewas___29___ofbeingaloneintheforest,shesaidnowithoutany___30___.Sheevenenjoyedbeingsurroundedbysuchincrediblepurebeautyandsoughtthe___31___oflife.Furthertalkrevealedthatshewasayoungsinglemotherwith3kidsandworkedtirelesslydayandnightto___32___.Eventhoughherlifewastough,shedidn’t___33___pursuingtheacademic.Instead,sheobtainedherdegreeineducationandfoundanidealjobwithhandsomepay.Actually,ourbrieftalk___34___metoleadamoremeaningfullifeandshealsotaughtmethatIshouldneverjudgeapersonfromhisorher___35___.21.A.designer B.cleaner C.technician D.guard22.A.discussion B.conversation C.complaint D.activity23.A.wokenup B.broughtup C.wornaway D.blownaway24.A.always B.often C.rarely D.occasionally25.A.mounted B.slept C.behaved D.drove26.A.prevented B.transported C.blew D.banned27.A.amazed B.scared C.hit D.upset28.A.afraid B.wrong C.determined D.delighted29.A.free B.typical C.aware D.frightened30.A.excuse B.hesitation C.doubt D.difficulty31.A.fortune B.fame C.meanings D.principles32.A.survive B.escape C.succeed D.suffer33.A.quit B.continue C.mean D.consider34.A.inspired B.enabled C.forced D.asked35.A.gender B.experience C.appearance D.education【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.C25.D26.B27.A28.B29.D30.B31.C32.A33.A34.A35.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者是一名新入職的化學老師，在新學期來臨前，為了一些必需的實驗器材，向學校實驗室的技術員尋求幫助。兩人之間簡短的談話使作者被技術員驚人的經(jīng)歷所震撼，并激勵作者去過更有意義的生活，也教會了他不要以貌取人。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，我向實驗室技術人員求助。A.designer設計師；B.cleaner清潔工；C.technician技術人員；D.guard門衛(wèi)。根據(jù)上文“asanewly-hiredchemistryteacher,Ineededsomeexperimentalinstrument.(作為一名新聘的化學老師，我需要一些實驗儀器)”可知，能夠為化學老師提供實驗儀器的應該是實驗室的技術人員。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在我離開之前，我們開始了一段對話，然后我完全被她驚人的經(jīng)歷所震憾。A.discussion討論；B.conversation對話；C.complaint抱怨；D.activity活動。根據(jù)第三段“Furthertalkrevealedthatshewasayoungsinglemotherwith3kidsandworkedtirelesslydayandnightto12.(進一步的談話顯示，她是一個年輕的單身母親，有3個孩子，為了生存，她日夜不知疲倦地工作)”和最后一段“Actually,ourbrieftalk14metoleadamoremeaningfullife(事實上，我們簡短的談話激發(fā)了我過更有意義的生活)”可知，作者和技術員之間進行了一段談話，之后完全被她驚人的經(jīng)歷所震驚。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：在我離開之前，我們開始了一段對話，然后我完全被她驚人的經(jīng)歷所震撼。A.wokenup被喚醒；B.broughtup被撫養(yǎng)；C.wornaway疲憊不堪；D.blownaway被震驚。根據(jù)句中“amazingexperience”和下文“Butwhatreally7mewasthatthiswomanisdefinitelyfearless.(但真正讓我驚訝的是，這個女人毫無畏懼)”和文章內容可知，作者被這個技術員驚人的經(jīng)歷震驚了。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在寒假里，她獨自一人去了一個叫做綠色天堂的原始森林，那里很少有人去。A.always總是；B.often經(jīng)常；C.