壓軸題04-閱讀理解D(社會(huì)交往類)(解析版)(江蘇專用)

壓軸題04閱讀理解D綜合近幾年高考對(duì)于閱讀理解的能力考查形式，2023年高考對(duì)于科普說(shuō)明文的考查仍然是重點(diǎn)?？破照f(shuō)明文一直都是命題人提高閱讀能力的重要考點(diǎn)，因此在近幾年的高考命題中科普說(shuō)明文一直都是以壓軸題的形式存在，其中包括研究報(bào)告、科學(xué)技術(shù)、社會(huì)心理、宇宙探索、醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào)告、語(yǔ)言學(xué)、社會(huì)生活等多種領(lǐng)域，體現(xiàn)了閱讀題材的多樣性。EQ\o\ac(○,熱)EQ\o\ac(○,點(diǎn))EQ\o\ac(○,題)EQ\o\ac(○,型)四社會(huì)交際類1.基本規(guī)律：閱讀理解D篇閱讀文章一般難度都比較大，但命題者設(shè)題的難度并不大。2．實(shí)用解題方法：①某人說(shuō)的話，或者是帶引號(hào)的，一定要高度重視。很有可能就是某個(gè)問(wèn)題的同義替換。②有時(shí)候每段的第一句話，僅僅是一個(gè)表述。而在第2或3句以后，會(huì)出現(xiàn)對(duì)比或者轉(zhuǎn)折。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，轉(zhuǎn)折后面的是作者的態(tài)度。要注意的是：作者對(duì)什么進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)折。③每一個(gè)問(wèn)題，在原文中，都要有一個(gè)定位。然后精讀，找出那個(gè)中心句或者關(guān)鍵詞。要抓文章的中心主旨和各段落的大意，閱讀理解考的就是這個(gè)“中心句”。④某人說(shuō)過(guò)的話，有時(shí)并不是題眼，但可以從側(cè)面或某個(gè)角度來(lái)反映作者的觀點(diǎn)，也就是作者想表達(dá)的，正確答案都是和這樣的觀點(diǎn)相一致的。要把握關(guān)鍵詞，有感情色彩的詞。⑤注意中心句（即題眼）和前后句子之間的關(guān)系，是接著說(shuō)的，還是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。要把握和前后句子之間的關(guān)系。是并列關(guān)系的，可以從這些句子里找同義詞；是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的，就通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系句子里的關(guān)鍵詞的相反意思來(lái)判斷。⑥注意幾個(gè)詞，yet表轉(zhuǎn)折，hardly表否定。while有時(shí)是比較，有時(shí)也表轉(zhuǎn)折。比較的時(shí)候，注意比較的對(duì)象，要弄清楚。轉(zhuǎn)折的時(shí)候，你要知道作者對(duì)什么進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)折。押題速練1.Weallknowthatunpleasantfeelingwhenwe’retalkingaboutsomethinginterestingandhalfwaythroughoursentencewe’reinterrupted.Butwasthatreallyaninterruption?Theanswerdependsonwhomyouask,accordingtonewresearchledbyKatherineHiltonfromStanfordUniversity.Usingasetofcontrolledaudioclips(錄音片段),Hiltonsurveyed5,000AmericanEnglishspeakerstobetterunderstandwhataffectspeople’sperceptionsofinterruptions.Shehadparticipantslistentoaudioclipsandthenanswerquestionsaboutwhetherthespeakersseemedtobefriendlyandengaged,listeningtooneanother,ortryingtointerrupt.HiltonfoundthatAmericanEnglishspeakershavedifferentconversationalstyles.Sheidentifiedtwodistinctgroups:highandlowintensityspeakers.Highintensityspeakersaregenerallyuncomfortablewithmomentsofsilenceinconversationandconsidertalkingatthesametimeasignofengagement.Lowintensityspeakersfinditrudetotalkatthesametimeandpreferpeoplespeakoneafteranotherinconversation.Thedifferencesinconversationalstylesbecameevidentwhenparticipantslistenedtoaudioclipsinwhichtwopeoplespokeatthesametimebutwereagreeingwitheachotherandstayedontopic,Hiltonsaid.Thehighintensitygroupreportedthatconversationswherepeoplespokeatthesametimewhenexpressingagreementwerenotinterruptivebutengagedandfriendlierthantheconversationswithmomentsofsilenceinbetweenspeakingturns.Incontrast,thelowintensitygroupperceivedanyamountofsimultaneous(同時(shí))chatasarudeinterruption,regardlessofwhatthespeakersweresaying.“Peoplecareaboutbeinginterrupted,andthosesmallinterruptionscanhaveamassiveeffectontheoverallcommunication,”Hiltonsaid.“Breakingapartwhataninterruptionmeansisessentialifwewanttounderstandhowhumansinteractwitheachother.”1．WhatdoesHilton’sresearchfocuson?A．Whatinterruptionsmeantopeople.B．Whetherinterruptionisgoodornot.C．Howtoavoidgettinginterrupted.D．Whyspeakersinterrupteachother.2．Whatdoparticipantsofthestudyneedtodo?A．Recordanaudioclip. B．Answersomequestions.C．Listentooneanother. D．Haveachatwithafriend.3．Whatdolowintensityspeakersthinkofsimultaneouschat?A．It’simportant. B．It’sinteresting.C．It’sinefficient. D．It’simpolite.4．WhatcanwelearnfromHilton’sresearch?A．Humaninteractioniscomplex.B．Communicationisthebasisoflife.C．Interruptionspromotethinking.D．Languagebarrierswillalwaysexist.【答案】1．A

2．B

3．D

4．A【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究表明，在談話中被打斷是否會(huì)帶來(lái)不愉快，因人而異。1．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Butwasthatreallyaninterruption?Theanswerdependsonwhomyouask,accordingtonewresearchledbyKatherineHiltonfromStanfordUniversity.(但這真的是打擾嗎？根據(jù)斯坦福大學(xué)凱瑟琳·希爾頓領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一項(xiàng)新研究，答案取決于你問(wèn)誰(shuí))”和第四段第二、三句“Thehighintensitygroupreportedthatconversationswherepeoplespokeatthesametimewhenexpressingagreementwerenotinterruptivebutengagedandfriendlierthantheconversationswithmomentsofsilenceinbetweenspeakingturns.Incontrast,thelowintensitygroupperceivedanyamountofsimultaneouschatasarudeinterruption,regardlessofwhatthespeakersweresaying.(高強(qiáng)度組報(bào)告說(shuō)，人們?cè)诒磉_(dá)同意的同時(shí)說(shuō)話的對(duì)話不會(huì)被打斷，而是比在說(shuō)話之間保持沉默的對(duì)話更投入、更友好。相比之下，低強(qiáng)度組認(rèn)為任何數(shù)量的同時(shí)聊天都是粗魯?shù)拇驍啵还苷f(shuō)話人在說(shuō)什么)”可知，文章主要說(shuō)明了“打斷”對(duì)不同的人來(lái)說(shuō)，意義不同，即“打斷”對(duì)人們意味著什么。故選A項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Shehadparticipantslistentoaudioclipsandthenanswerquestionsaboutwhetherthespeakersseemedtobefriendlyandengaged,listeningtooneanother,ortryingtointerrupt.(她讓參與者聽(tīng)一些音頻片段，然后回答一些問(wèn)題，比如說(shuō)話者看起來(lái)是否友好、投入、彼此傾聽(tīng)，還是試圖打斷)”可知，參與者們需要在聽(tīng)完音頻后回答一些問(wèn)題。故選B項(xiàng)。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Lowintensityspeakersfinditrudetotalkatthesametimeandpreferpeoplespeakoneafteranotherinconversation.(低強(qiáng)度說(shuō)話者覺(jué)得同時(shí)說(shuō)話很不禮貌，他們更喜歡人們?cè)谡勗捴幸粋€(gè)接一個(gè)地說(shuō)話)”可推知，對(duì)于低強(qiáng)度聊天者來(lái)說(shuō)，同時(shí)聊天是粗魯?shù)?，不禮貌的。故選D項(xiàng)。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Peoplecareaboutbeinginterrupted,andthosesmallinterruptionscanhaveamassiveeffectontheoverallcommunication,”Hiltonsaid.“Breakingapartwhataninterruptionmeansisessentialifwewanttounderstandhowhumansinteractwitheachother.”(“人們很在意被打斷，而這些小的干擾會(huì)對(duì)整體交流產(chǎn)生巨大影響，”希爾頓說(shuō)。“如果我們想了解人類之間是如何互動(dòng)的，就必須分解中斷的含義?！?”可推知，人類的交流是復(fù)雜的。故選A項(xiàng)。押題速練2Ithashappenedtousall:sittingonthesofa,toyingwiththeideaofsendinganoldfriendanunexpectedtext,butworryingthatamessageoutofthebluemayseemunusualorjustunwelcome.However,researchsuggestssuchfearsareunfounded,withthoseonthereceivingendoftenfarmoregratefulthanthesendermayexpect.DrPeggyLiu,theleadauthoroftheresearchsaidtheteambegantheirresearchbecausetheyfeltalotofpeoplewerelosingtouchwitheachother.“Wewonderedwhythatmightbe,”shesaid.Liuandhercolleaguesconductedaseriesofexperiments,basedonhypothetical(虛構(gòu)的)andreal-lifeplots,involvingmorethan5,900participants.Inoneexperiment,54participantswroteanotetoafellowcollegestudenttheyhadn’tbeenintouchforawhile.Thisnotewasemailedtothelatterbytheresearchers,whoaskedboththewriterandrecipienttoindicatehowmuchtheyfeltthemessagewasappreciated.Theresultsshowthatonaveragesendersratedrecipients’(接收者)appreciationat5.57onaseven-pointscale,whiletherecipientsthemselvesratedtheirappreciationat6.17.Theteamsaidthisandotherexperimentsrevealedthatpeoplereceivingmessagesappreciatethemsignificantlymorethanthesendertendstoexpect.ButLiusaidquestionsremained.“Whileweshowthatpeopletypicallyunderestimatehowmuchothersappreciatebeingreachedoutto,itremainsanoutstandingquestionhowwecanactuallymotivatepeopletoreachouttoothersmore,”shesaid.“That’swhatwe’regoingtodonext.”StephenReicher,aprofessorofsocialpsychologyattheUniversityofStAndrews,saidtheresultsmadesense.“Ifthepandemic(疫情爆發(fā))hastaughtusanything,itisthatwehaveapandemicoflonelinesscausingmassiveharmandweneedtoaddressiturgentlyasamatterofpublichealth,”“Feelingconnectedtoothershasconsistentlybeenshowntobegoodforourphysicalandmentalhealth.Suchconnectionscanberemarkablyeffectiveineverythingfromprotectingagainstdepressiontorecoveryfromheartattacks,”hesaid,addingthatsimplyfeelingpartofagroupwasequallyeffective.1．WhatdoesLiu’sresearchwanttofindout?A．Howpeopleareovercomingfearsofcontactingfriends.B．Whypeoplearegettingdisconnectedwitheachother.C．Whenpeoplecansendtextstorebuildanoldfriendship.D．Whetherpeopleshouldsendfriendsanunexpectedtext.2．WhataspectoftheresearchdoesPara.4mainlytalkabout?A．Itsdesign. B．Itsimpact. C．Itsprocess. D．Itstheory.3．Whatwilltheresearchersdonext?A．Findwaystoconnectpeople.B．Increasetrustbetweenpeople.C．Shapepeople’sperceptionoffriends.D．Callonpeopletoappreciatefriendship.4．WhatmessagedoesStephenReicherwanttoconvey?A．Thepandemicistoblameformentalillness.B．Reachingouttoothersisbeneficialtohealth.C．Joiningagroupispreferabletogettingconnected.D．Theauthoritiesshouldaddresslonelinessurgently.【答案】1．B

2．C

3．A

4．B【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究者通過(guò)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果給一個(gè)許久未聯(lián)系的老朋友發(fā)消息，信息接收者往往比信息發(fā)送者預(yù)估的要更加高興，與他人聯(lián)系有益身心健康。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“DrPeggyLiu,theleadauthoroftheresearchsaidtheteambegantheirresearchbecausetheyfeltalotofpeoplewerelosingtouchwitheachother.“Wewonderedwhythatmightbe,”shesaid.(這項(xiàng)研究的主要作者劉佩吉博士說(shuō)，研究小組開(kāi)始研究是因?yàn)樗麄冇X(jué)得很多人正在失去聯(lián)系。“我們想知道為什么會(huì)這樣，”她說(shuō))”可知，劉的研究想弄清楚為什么人們之間的聯(lián)系越來(lái)越疏遠(yuǎn)。故選B。2．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Liuandhercolleaguesconductedaseriesofexperiments,basedonhypothetical(虛構(gòu)的)andreal-lifeplots,involvingmorethan5,900participants.Inoneexperiment,54participantswroteanotetoafellowcollegestudenttheyhadn’tbeenintouchforawhile.Thisnotewasemailedtothelatterbytheresearchers,whoaskedboththewriterandrecipienttoindicatehowmuchtheyfeltthemessagewasappreciated.(劉和她的同事進(jìn)行了一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)，基于假設(shè)和現(xiàn)實(shí)情節(jié)，涉及5900多名參與者。在一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，54名參與者給一位已經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間沒(méi)有聯(lián)系的大學(xué)同學(xué)寫(xiě)了一張紙條。研究人員通過(guò)電子郵件將這封信發(fā)給了后者，并要求寫(xiě)信人和收信人說(shuō)明他們對(duì)這封信的感激程度)”可知，第四段主要講了調(diào)查的過(guò)程。故選C。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段最后兩句““Whileweshowthatpeopletypicallyunderestimatehowmuchothersappreciatebeingreachedoutto,itremainsanoutstandingquestionhowwecanactuallymotivatepeopletoreachouttoothersmore,”shesaid.“That’swhatwe’regoingtodonext.”(“雖然我們的研究表明，人們通常低估了別人被聯(lián)系的感激程度，但我們?nèi)绾尾拍苷嬲?lì)人們更多地聯(lián)系別人，這仍然是一個(gè)懸而未決的問(wèn)題，”她說(shuō)?！斑@就是我們接下來(lái)要做的?！?”可知，研究者接下來(lái)會(huì)尋找讓人們聯(lián)系的方法。故選A。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Feelingconnectedtoothershasconsistentlybeenshowntobegoodforourphysicalandmentalhealth.(與他人的聯(lián)系一直被證明對(duì)我們的身心健康有好處)”可知，StephenReicher想要傳達(dá)的信息是和他人聯(lián)系有益健康。故選B。押題速練3We’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(潤(rùn)滑劑)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.＂Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk,＂heexplains.＂Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.＂Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互動(dòng))withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.＂It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband,＂saysDunn.＂Butinteractionswithperipheral(邊緣的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwell-beingalso.＂Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.＂Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,＂hesays.1．Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?A．Addictiontosmartphones.B．Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.C．Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.D．Impatiencewithslowservice.2．WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?A．Showinggoodmanners. B．Relatingtootherpeople.C．Focusingonatopic. D．Makingbusinessdeals.3．Whatdoesthecoffee-shopstudysuggestaboutsmalltalk?A．Itimprovesfamilyrelationships. B．Itraisespeople’sconfidence.C．Itmattersasmuchasaformaltalk. D．Itmakespeoplefeelgood.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ConversationCounts B．WaysofMakingSmallTalkC．BenefitsofSmallTalk D．UncomfortableSilence【答案】1．C

2．B

3．D

4．C【解析】這是一篇議論文。在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，人們?cè)诠矆?chǎng)合或沉迷于智能手機(jī)，或與不舒服的沉默抗?fàn)帲吧酥g缺乏溝通。但人與人之間是需要適當(dāng)?shù)慕徽勯e聊的，閑聊是人際關(guān)系社會(huì)交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好處。1．主旨大意題。題干問(wèn)的是：第一段描述了什么現(xiàn)象。在公共場(chǎng)合（比如在電梯里，在銀行排隊(duì)，或在飛機(jī)上）人們深深地專注于他們的智能手機(jī)，或者更糟糕的是，與不舒服的沉默抗?fàn)帯Ｓ写丝芍?，陌生人之間缺乏溝通。A項(xiàng)意為：沉迷于智能手機(jī)。B項(xiàng)意為：在公共場(chǎng)所不適當(dāng)?shù)男袨?。C項(xiàng)意為：陌生人之間缺乏溝通。D項(xiàng)意為：對(duì)緩慢的服務(wù)不耐煩。故選C項(xiàng)。2．推理判斷題。題干問(wèn)得是對(duì)于Carducci來(lái)說(shuō)，成功的閑聊中重要的是什么。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem”（成功閑聊的關(guān)鍵是學(xué)習(xí)如何與他們交流，而不僅僅是與他們溝通。）由此推斷C符合題意。A項(xiàng)意為：表現(xiàn)出良好的禮貌。B項(xiàng)意為：與他人有關(guān)的。C項(xiàng)意為：專注于一個(gè)話題。D項(xiàng)意為：做商業(yè)交易。故選B項(xiàng)。3．推理判斷題。題干問(wèn)的是：咖啡店的研究對(duì)閑聊有什么建議。根據(jù)第四段的調(diào)查結(jié)果可知，那些與服務(wù)員聊天的人，有顯著的積極情緒和更好的咖啡店體驗(yàn)。由此可知，D項(xiàng)符合題意。A項(xiàng)意為：閑聊改善了家庭關(guān)系。B項(xiàng)意為：閑聊提高了人們的信心。C項(xiàng)意為：閑聊和正式談話一樣重要。D項(xiàng)意為：閑聊讓人感覺(jué)很好。故選D項(xiàng)。4．主旨大意題。整篇文章剛開(kāi)始介紹了社會(huì)的現(xiàn)象（公共場(chǎng)合人們沉迷于智能手機(jī)，陌生人之間缺乏溝通交流），接著分析了這一問(wèn)題的原因，接下來(lái)有專家對(duì)閑聊進(jìn)行了研究，最后得出結(jié)論，閑聊都有什么樣的好處。A項(xiàng)意為：談話很重要。B項(xiàng)意為：閑聊的方法。C項(xiàng)意為：閑聊的好處。D項(xiàng)意為：不舒服的沉默。故選C項(xiàng)。押題速練4Theterm“socialdistancing”hasbeenatthecenterofpublicconversationforawhile.Butit’snot“social”distancewearetryingtopromote.It’sphysicalseparation.Infact,preservingsocialties—evenatadistance—isessentialforbothmentalandphysicalhealth.Theresultsofananalyticreviewdonein2017indicatethatalackofsocialsupportisonaparwithsmokingcigarettesasariskfactorforhealth.Giventhisfact,howmightwebeststayconnectedtootherswhilemaintainingphysicaldistance?Wouldwebebetteroffe-mailingafriend?Makingaphonecall?Settingupavideochat?Inourstudy,NickEpleyandItestedwhetherthemediathroughwhichpeopleinteractaffectstheirsenseofconnection—andhowexpectationsaboutcertaintechnologiesimpactthecommunicationmediatheychoosetouse.Inourexperiment,weaskedparticipantstoreconnectwithsomeonethattheyhadn’tinteractedwithrecently,eitherthroughe-mailoroverthephone.Participantsfirstmadepredictionsaboutwhatitwouldbeliketogetintouchiftheyreachedoutinthesetwoways.Theygenerallybelievedthatthey’dfeelmoreconnectedwheninteractingviathephonethanovere-mail.Buttheyalsopredictedthattalkingonthephonecouldbemoreuncomfortablethansendingane-mail.Althoughtheseparticipantsbelievedthattalkingencouragedstrongerbonds,mostofthemsaidthey’drathersendane-mailthancallthepersonup.Fearsaboutawkwardness,itseems,pushindividualstowardtext-basedmethodsforcommunicating.Inthenextpartoftheexperiment,wehadparticipantsactuallyreconnectusingonerandomlydeterminedmodeofcommunicationandthenfollowedupwiththemaftertheyhaddoneso.Wefoundthatpeopledoformmeaningfullystrongerbondswheninteractingoverthephonethanovere-mail.Importantly,though,therewasnodifferenceintheamountofdiscomfortwhenreconnectingonthephone.Thenexttimeyouthinkabouthowbesttoconnect,considercallingorsettingupavideochat.Feelingsofsocialconnectionarepreferablyfacilitatedbyvoiceratherthanakeyboard.1．Howdoestheauthorsupporthisviewontheimportanceofmaintainingsocialties?A．Bystatingadeep-rootedtradition. B．Bycitingapublishedreport.C．Bysharingpublicopinions. D．Bypresentingofficialdocuments.2．WhatdidtheauthorandEpley’sstudyfocuson?A．Howtechnologiesimpactmeansofcommunication.B．Howsocialmediachoicesaffectfeelingsofconnection.C．Whymaintainingsocialseparationisbadformentalhealth.D．Whyreconnectingwithfriendsoverthephonebringsawkwardness.3．Whatcanweinferfromthestudyresults?A．Theychangedtheresearchobjectives. B．Theyprovidedinsightsforfuturestudies.C．Theyconfirmedresearchers’expectations. D．Theycontradictedparticipants’predictionspartly.4．Whatcanbeconcludedfromthetext?A．Forstrongerbonds,talkinsteadoftyping.B．Keepingintouchiskeytoalastingfriendship.C．Thinkbeforeyouconsidercontactinganoldfriend.D．Text-basedmethodsforcommunicationcausediscomfort.【答案】1．B

2．A

3．D

4．A【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了保持社會(huì)聯(lián)系——即使是遠(yuǎn)距離聯(lián)系——對(duì)身心健康都至關(guān)重要，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人們通過(guò)電話交流比通過(guò)電子郵件交流更能形成有意義的紐帶。重要的是，當(dāng)用手機(jī)重新聯(lián)系時(shí)，他們的不適程度沒(méi)有區(qū)別。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Infact,preservingsocialties—evenatadistance—isessentialforbothmentalandphysicalhealth.Theresultsofananalyticreviewdonein2017indicatethatalackofsocialsupportisonaparwithsmokingcigarettesasariskfactorforhealth.(事實(shí)上，保持社會(huì)聯(lián)系——即使是遠(yuǎn)距離聯(lián)系——對(duì)身心健康都至關(guān)重要。2017年進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)分析審查的結(jié)果表明，缺乏社會(huì)支持與吸煙一樣是健康的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素)”可知，作者通過(guò)引用一份發(fā)表的報(bào)告支持他關(guān)于保持社會(huì)聯(lián)系重要性的觀點(diǎn)。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Inourstudy,NickEpleyandItestedwhetherthemediathroughwhichpeopleinteractaffectstheirsenseofconnection—andhowexpectationsaboutcertaintechnologiesimpactthecommunicationmediatheychoosetouse.(在我們的研究中，NickEpley和我測(cè)試了人們互動(dòng)的媒體是否會(huì)影響他們的聯(lián)系感，以及對(duì)某些技術(shù)的期望如何影響他們選擇使用的交流媒體)”可知，作者和Epley的研究重點(diǎn)是技術(shù)如何影響交流手段。故選A。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Buttheyalsopredictedthattalkingonthephonecouldbemoreuncomfortablethansendingane-mail.(但他們也預(yù)測(cè)，打電話可能比發(fā)電子郵件更讓人不舒服)”以及倒數(shù)第二段中“Wefoundthatpeopledoformmeaningfullystrongerbondswheninteractingoverthephonethanovere-mail.Importantly,though,therewasnodifferenceintheamountofdiscomfortwhenreconnectingonthephone.(我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們通過(guò)電話交流比通過(guò)電子郵件交流更能形成有意義的紐帶。然而，重要的是，當(dāng)用手機(jī)重新聯(lián)系時(shí)，他們的不適程度沒(méi)有區(qū)別)”可推知，研究結(jié)果與參與者的預(yù)測(cè)部分矛盾。故選D。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thenexttimeyouthinkabouthowbesttoconnect,considercallingorsettingupavideochat.Feelingsofsocialconnectionarepreferablyfacilitatedbyvoiceratherthanakeyboard.(下次當(dāng)你考慮如何最好地聯(lián)系時(shí)，考慮打電話或建立視頻聊天。社交聯(lián)系的感覺(jué)最好是通過(guò)聲音而不是鍵盤(pán)來(lái)促進(jìn)的)”可推知，要想加強(qiáng)聯(lián)系，用交談代替打字。故選A。押題速練5Societytellsusweshouldsocializetothefullest,andthatthosewhoaresurroundedbypeoplearethemostsuccessfulandthehappiest.Thesedays,we’realmostalwaysconnected,whetherinpersonorthroughourphonescreensandonlinesocialnetworks.Butthere’ssomethingtobesaidforsolitude(獨(dú)處)Beingalone“doesn’tnecessarilymean”beinglonely”.Infact,spendingtimebyyourselfisanessentialelementofself-care.Aroundtheglobe,differentcultureshavewide-rangingperspectivesonwhatitmeanstospendtimealone.IfyouliveorhavespenttimeintheUnitedStates,you’reprobablyawarethatAmericanstendtorejectsolitude.Formanyyoungerpeople,weekendsarepackedwithsocialactivities,rangingfrombrunchwithfriendstodinnerpartiestogamenightstodrinkingatbarsandeverythinginbetween.TheUnitedStatesisn’ttheonlyplacewhereyou’llfindaheavyemphasisonsocialtime.AcrosstheAtlantic,theUnitedKingdomisknownforbeinganextremelyextroverted(外向型的)country.AsurveyofBritsfoundthatmorethanhalfhadneverdoneandwouldbeunwillingtodoactivitieslikegoingtothemeparksorseeinglivemusicalone.MostBritsspendalmosttwiceasmuchoftheirleisuretimesocializingwithothersaastheydobeingalone.Thehomecanbeaplaceofrest,relaxationandrecharge-thatis,ifyoulivebyyourselforhavethespacetobealoneinyourhome.ThecountryinwhichpeopleareleastlikelytolivealoneisIndia,atabout4percentofthepopulation.Chinaisalsoquitefondofmultiple-personhouseholds,withonlyabout10percentofpeoplelivingbythemselves.Inmorecollectivistcultureslikethese,manyaspectsofliferevolve(圍繞)aroundcommunity.Thus,spendingtimealoneisn’tasingrained(根深蒂固的)asasocialconventioninplaceslikethese,andthegoodofthegrouptakespriorityovertheneedsofoneperson.1．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A．Peoplecanbenefitmorefromsolitude. B．Peopletendtosocializemorenowadays.C．Bringalonegenerallyequalsbeing