22 貨幣的發(fā)展史從物物交換到數(shù)字貨幣 -2023年中考英語(yǔ)時(shí)事熱點(diǎn)話題題型專(zhuān)練

22貨幣的發(fā)展史，從物物交換到數(shù)字貨幣2023年中考英語(yǔ)時(shí)事熱點(diǎn)話題題型專(zhuān)練貨幣史：從物物交換到數(shù)字貨幣貨幣，讓人類(lèi)社會(huì)保持運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。它對(duì)人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钣兄豢晒懒康挠绊?，然而我們?duì)于其運(yùn)作機(jī)制以及歷史卻知之甚少。今天我們來(lái)聊一聊貨幣體系的發(fā)展。通過(guò)了解貨幣體系的發(fā)展，我們最終會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)貨幣正逐漸回到真正的貨幣軌道上來(lái)。以物換物。也就是實(shí)物貨幣階段。這一階段的人類(lèi)大部分是處于原始社會(huì)，因?yàn)闆](méi)有統(tǒng)一的文化，統(tǒng)一的度量衡，但是卻擁有同樣的生理需求。所以部落和部落之間大概就是以物換物，用我的石器換取你的獵物。慢慢就出現(xiàn)了等價(jià)商品，比如貝殼，布帛，衣物，牲畜等等。隨著部落的壯大，人類(lèi)活動(dòng)范圍的擴(kuò)大，人類(lèi)之間的交流逐漸變多。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)以物換物已經(jīng)滿(mǎn)足不了日常所需了。因?yàn)榧Z食，牲畜，貝殼等存在著天然的缺陷，要么就是數(shù)量過(guò)多，要么就是不易保存，顯而易見(jiàn)的解決方法是使用硬幣來(lái)提高交易效率，比如英國(guó)的先令。前提條件是交易雙方可以就硬幣的價(jià)值達(dá)成一種共識(shí)。在經(jīng)濟(jì)史上，從物物交換到通貨的轉(zhuǎn)換發(fā)生過(guò)一次又一次。然而，在某些情況下，物物交易依然存在。貨幣是什么？貨幣有何不同？所以，到底什么是貨幣？如果皮毛貝殼可以被用作通貨的話，是不是也是一種貨幣呢？并不是。貨幣與通貨有幾個(gè)細(xì)微卻很重要的不同之處。貨幣必須是一種交換媒介。通俗來(lái)說(shuō)，它必須可以在不同商品或服務(wù)之間交換貨幣必須是一種計(jì)量單位，是用來(lái)設(shè)定價(jià)格來(lái)和商品或服務(wù)進(jìn)行交換；貨幣必須便于攜帶，為了完成交易它可以隨時(shí)從一個(gè)用戶(hù)轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個(gè)用戶(hù)；貨幣必須是經(jīng)久耐用的，歷經(jīng)長(zhǎng)久不受磨損，價(jià)值不會(huì)消散；貨幣必須是可分割的，在不同的價(jià)格水平都可以使用；貨幣必須是可互換的，每一個(gè)單位都和其它的單位相同。1美元和另一1美元擁有相同的價(jià)值。紙幣階段。我國(guó)很早就出現(xiàn)了紙幣，紙幣最早出現(xiàn)在中國(guó)的唐朝，這種通貨又叫「飛錢(qián)」，不像金屬通貨，這種錢(qián)很容易被風(fēng)吹跑。不過(guò)基本上紙幣流通不開(kāi)，因?yàn)楣糯鷽](méi)有防偽技術(shù)。雖然紙幣嚴(yán)格意義上講并不是一種法定貨幣，初衷是可以用來(lái)兌換成金屬通貨，但卻因?yàn)楸憬菪院涂蓴y帶型而在商人中流行起來(lái)。第一個(gè)國(guó)家強(qiáng)制印刷的紙幣最早出現(xiàn)在宋朝。只有朝廷官方發(fā)行的紙幣才可被認(rèn)定為是通貨，其背后有相應(yīng)的金屬作支撐。在元清時(shí)期，過(guò)度印刷沒(méi)有足量的硬錢(qián)支撐的紙幣讓經(jīng)濟(jì)成為受害者。為了維持貨幣控制，金和銀都被國(guó)家沒(méi)收。慢慢的，為了提振經(jīng)濟(jì)，而帶來(lái)的過(guò)度印刷導(dǎo)致了極端通脹，從而造成紙幣大量貶值。明清時(shí)期，在經(jīng)歷過(guò)紙幣的失敗后，逐漸回到了硬通脹。而紙幣的創(chuàng)新則逐漸向西傳到了中東，以及歐洲。1601年，瑞典成為第一個(gè)發(fā)行紙幣的歐洲國(guó)家。從中國(guó)漫長(zhǎng)的貨幣史我們也可以看出，金屬作為真正的硬通貨最終還是會(huì)回歸，因?yàn)樗鼈儾粫?huì)印刷摧毀。在全球范圍內(nèi)的各個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體，也正逐漸向硬通貨靠攏，因?yàn)樗鼈冇凶杂墒袌?chǎng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，而且由于稀缺性可以很好地抵御通脹。20世紀(jì)中，由于全世界的紙幣都需要錨定金或銀，因此避免了極端通貨膨脹的發(fā)生。在接受到了16世紀(jì)末期歐洲大陸通貨膨脹的教訓(xùn)后，為了防止類(lèi)似的錯(cuò)誤發(fā)生，美國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)向了另一種貨幣標(biāo)準(zhǔn)——每一美元背后都有黃金或白銀的支撐以保證通貨有一定的內(nèi)在價(jià)值。由于黃金要比白銀更稀有，且不容易出現(xiàn)供應(yīng)激增，它逐漸成了美國(guó)貨幣背后的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)支撐，可以和相同價(jià)值的黃金互換。在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)時(shí)代，各個(gè)國(guó)家暫時(shí)放棄金本位，人們開(kāi)始囤積金屬通貨來(lái)保護(hù)資產(chǎn)，因?yàn)殂y行無(wú)力進(jìn)行紙幣的兌換。二戰(zhàn)之后，布雷頓森林體系建立，世界上很多國(guó)家的通貨都和美元錨定，而美元是金本位。這意味這全球的通貨都和黃金的價(jià)值聯(lián)系起來(lái)，形成了一套全球的通貨標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。當(dāng)然，聲稱(chēng)其有黃金支撐和實(shí)實(shí)在在有黃金支撐是兩回事。當(dāng)越來(lái)越多的國(guó)家不再愿意和美元兌換，而更是希望把通貨兌換成黃金，問(wèn)題就出現(xiàn)了：黃金兌換的需求量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于黃金的儲(chǔ)備量。在尼克松任職期間，金本位走到了盡頭。美國(guó)政府單方面關(guān)閉了美元兌換成等值黃金的通道。此舉被認(rèn)為是解決外匯兌換危機(jī)的一項(xiàng)成功舉措，第二天道瓊斯指數(shù)就實(shí)現(xiàn)了有史以來(lái)的單日最高漲幅。但自此，我們走到了浮動(dòng)法定紙幣時(shí)代。這一切看起來(lái)都太熟悉了，有沒(méi)有？我們從真正的貨幣——金銀轉(zhuǎn)向了可過(guò)量印刷的紙幣。過(guò)度印刷導(dǎo)致的通貨膨脹變成一個(gè)持續(xù)困擾全球的問(wèn)題。一直到目前的數(shù)字化貨幣時(shí)代。簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為“無(wú)現(xiàn)金支付”，比如借記卡，信用卡等等，以及最近幾年流行起來(lái)的微信支付，支付寶支付等等。占據(jù)了日常交易的絕大部分。截至2017年12月底，微信支付綁卡用戶(hù)已超過(guò)8億人次。和紙幣一樣，這些電子形式的支付方式并不具有稀缺性，即便給生活帶來(lái)了很多便利，但它們本質(zhì)上和歷史上的通貨一樣有著各種缺陷。當(dāng)今接近無(wú)現(xiàn)金的狀態(tài)折射出了持續(xù)走低的利率和通脹環(huán)境。和現(xiàn)金以及真正的貨幣相比，這樣的電子通貨缺乏貨幣獨(dú)立性和隱私。最終，我們還將看到真正貨幣的回歸?！獢?shù)字貨幣一、完形填空A篇OnOctober12th,MissWang,whoworksinShenzhen,received200yuaninaluckydraw(抽獎(jiǎng)).Bydownloadingacertainappand___1___herregistration(注冊(cè)),shecanspendthemoneybyusingtheappatover3000storesinLuohudistrict.FromOctober12to18,theShenzhengovernmentlaunched(發(fā)起)atestofdigitalcurrency(數(shù)字人民幣).Theaimis___2___itsusage,MissWangisamong50,000peopleselected.Thepilotappiseasytooperate.___3___runningtheapp,userscanswipe(刷卡)uptopayandswipedowntoreceivepayment.Theappearanceofdigitalcurrencyissimilar___4___papermoney:IthasthenationalsymbolandChinesecharactersforthePeople’sBankofChina(PBOC).Infact,thedigitalcurrencyis___5___typeofcash(現(xiàn)金)reportedCGTN(中國(guó)國(guó)際電視臺(tái)).Itisdigitallycreatedandissued(發(fā)行)bythePBOC．Ithasrealmonetary(貨幣)value.Althoughdigitalcurrencycanbeused___6___toothere-paymentservicessuchasAlipayandWechatPay,there’sadifference.Whenweusethosee-paymenttools,moneyisprimarilytakenfromabankaccount.Whenpayingbydigitalcurrency,themoneyisdirectlyplacedintoand___7___fromoure-bank.Itisexpectedtomakepeople’slivesmoreconvenientandhelpprotectthesafetyofthefinancialsystem(金融體系).Itwillspeedupthe___8___ofChina’sdigitaleconomy,___9___YiGang,governorofthePBOC．ThetestinLuohushowsthatthedigitalcurrency____10____animportantstepforward.Butthetestislimitedtosmallpaymentsnow,soitdoesnotmeanthedigitalcurrencywillbelaunchedinthemarketsoon.1．A．finish B．finishing C．choose2．A．a(chǎn)dvancing B．tolose C．toadvance3．A．While B．What C．How4．A．on B．to C．a(chǎn)bout5．A．other B．a(chǎn)nother C．others6．A．similarly B．similar C．samely7．A．pay B．spend C．spent8．A．growing B．improvement C．growth9．A．thanksto B．a(chǎn)ccordingto C．becauseof10．A．hastaken B．reach C．getto【短文大意】文章主要介紹了數(shù)字人民幣的試用。【答案解析】1．句意：通過(guò)下載某款應(yīng)用并完成注冊(cè)，她就可以在羅湖區(qū)3000多家商店中使用該應(yīng)用程序進(jìn)行消費(fèi)。finish完成，動(dòng)詞原形；finishing完成，動(dòng)詞-ing形式；choose選擇，動(dòng)詞原形。and前后連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)，此處用finishing與downloading并列。故選B。2．句意：目的是促進(jìn)其使用，王小姐是被選中的5萬(wàn)人之一。advancing促進(jìn)，動(dòng)詞-ing形式；tolose失去，動(dòng)詞不定式；toadvance促進(jìn)，動(dòng)詞不定式。根據(jù)“Theaim”可知is后用動(dòng)詞不定式，再由“theShenzhengovernmentlaunchedatestofdigitalcurrency”可知此處是促進(jìn)數(shù)字貨幣的使用。故選C。3．句意：在運(yùn)行該應(yīng)用程序時(shí)，用戶(hù)可以向上滑動(dòng)來(lái)支付，向下滑動(dòng)來(lái)接收支付。while當(dāng)……時(shí)；what什么；how如何。根據(jù)“userscanswipeuptopayandswipedowntoreceivepayment”可知此處用While引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。故選A。4．句意：數(shù)字貨幣的出現(xiàn)與紙幣類(lèi)似：它有國(guó)家符號(hào)和中國(guó)人民銀行的漢字。on關(guān)于；to朝，向；about關(guān)于。besimilarto與……相似。故選B。5．句意：事實(shí)上，據(jù)中國(guó)國(guó)際電視臺(tái)報(bào)道，數(shù)字貨幣是另一種現(xiàn)金類(lèi)型。other其他的；another另一；others其他人或物。根據(jù)“...typeofcash”可知此處表示另一種現(xiàn)金類(lèi)型，用another。故選B。6．句意：雖然數(shù)字貨幣也可以像支付寶和微信支付等其他電子支付服務(wù)一樣使用，但有一個(gè)區(qū)別。similarly相似地；similar相似的；samely千篇一律的。短文大意句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，表示數(shù)字貨幣支付和支付寶、微信等支付類(lèi)似，用similarly。故選A。7．句意：當(dāng)使用數(shù)字貨幣支付時(shí)，錢(qián)直接存入我們的電子銀行，并從我們的電子銀行消費(fèi)。pay支付；spend花費(fèi)，動(dòng)詞原形；spent花費(fèi)，動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞。根據(jù)“themoneyisdirectlyplacedintoand...fromoure-bank”可知此處是并列的過(guò)去分詞，用spent符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。8．句意：中國(guó)人民銀行行長(zhǎng)易綱表示，這將加快我國(guó)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。growing成長(zhǎng)，動(dòng)詞-ing形式；improvement改善，名詞；growth成長(zhǎng)，發(fā)展，名詞。根據(jù)“speedup”可推出是加快數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的進(jìn)程，the后用名詞growth符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。9．句意：句意：中國(guó)人民銀行行長(zhǎng)易綱表示，這將加快我國(guó)數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。thanksto多虧；accordingto根據(jù)，據(jù)（……所說(shuō)）；becauseof因?yàn)?。根?jù)“YiGang,governorofthePBOC”可知此處表示據(jù)中國(guó)人民銀行行長(zhǎng)易綱所說(shuō)。故選B。10．句意：羅湖的測(cè)試表明，數(shù)字貨幣向前邁出了重要的一步。hastaken采取，采用，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；reach到達(dá)，不及物動(dòng)詞；getto到達(dá)。takeanimportantstep邁出重要一步。故選A。B篇Apassageaboute-paymentinChinawaspublishedinTheNewTimes.ThepassagesaysitissurprisingthatmostChineseareusingsmartphonesto___11___everything.Therearetworeasonswhymobilepaymentis___12___spreadinginChina.First,it’sconvenient.Second,Chinaonly___13___ashorthistoryofusingbankcards,soitmakespeoplemoreopentonewtechnology.Afterreadingthepassage,MaryfromAmericadecidedto___14___mobilepaymentinBeijing.“ToseehowfarIcouldgoinBeijingwithouta___15___,Ispentadayonlywithmysmartphone,”saidMary.“Abeautifuldaystartedwithagreatbreakfast.IboughtaJianbing.Nocash（現(xiàn)金）?Itdoesn’tmatter,___16___mysmartphonewilldonicely.Theshop’sownershowedmehisQRcode（二維碼）,andIgave6yuantohim.”“Whenitcametotransportation,I___17___acarthroughDidiChuxing.Therewerealsobikesalmosteverywhere.Icouldusethese___18___byscanning（掃描）aQRcode.”“Ihavetosaythatcashisbecomingathingofthe___19___.”AnotherforeignercalledMichaelKalenhausersays,“IliveinChinaandevenaweekwithoutusingpapermoneyis____20____.TheWestisleftbehindintermsofmobilepaymentsandIsuggesttheycopywhat’shappeninginChina.”11．A．searchfor B．payfor C．callfor D．a(chǎn)skfor12．A．suddenly B．directly C．quickly D．finally13．A．has B．is C．used D．was14．A．practice B．learn C．see D．experience15．A．wallet B．key C．watch D．bag16．A．because B．when C．if D．a(chǎn)lthough17．A．bought B．washed C．saw D．ordered18．A．cars B．buses C．bikes D．taxis19．A．future B．present C．past D．time20．A．common B．popular C．different D．hard【短文大意】本文講述在中國(guó)，不用紙幣，用手機(jī)支付很普遍；講述外國(guó)人在中國(guó)體驗(yàn)手機(jī)支付的經(jīng)歷。【答案解析】11．句意：文章說(shuō)大多數(shù)中國(guó)人使用智能手機(jī)來(lái)為一切付錢(qián)，這是很讓人吃驚的。searchfor搜尋；payfor付錢(qián)；callfor呼吁，要求；askfor要求。根據(jù)“e-payment”電子支付，可知表達(dá)付錢(qián)，用短語(yǔ)“payfor”。故選B。12．句意：為什么手機(jī)支付在中國(guó)快速傳播，有兩個(gè)理由。suddenly突然；directly直接；quickly快速；finally最后。根據(jù)“itissurprisingthatmostChineseareusingsmartphones”可知表達(dá)傳播速度很快，用副詞“quickly”。故選C。13．句意：第二，中國(guó)使用銀行卡只有很多的歷史，因此這使得人對(duì)新技術(shù)更開(kāi)放。has有，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)概念；is是，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)概念；used使用，動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式；was是，過(guò)去式。根據(jù)“itmakes”可知句子是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)“China”是單數(shù)概念，根據(jù)“ashorthistory”可知表達(dá)“有”，用“has”。故選A。14．句意：讀了這篇文章之后，美國(guó)的瑪麗決定在北京感受一下手機(jī)支付。practice練習(xí)；learn學(xué)習(xí)；see看到；experience經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)“ToseehowfarIcouldgoinBeijing”可知，句子表達(dá)她去體驗(yàn)，用動(dòng)詞“experience”。故選D。15．句意：去看看沒(méi)有錢(qián)包我在北京能走多遠(yuǎn)。wallet錢(qián)包；key關(guān)鍵，鑰匙；watch手表；bag包。根據(jù)“Ispentadayonlywithmysmartphone”及“Nocash”可知，句子表達(dá)沒(méi)有錢(qián)包，只有手機(jī)，用名詞“wallet”。故選A。16．句意：沒(méi)關(guān)系，因?yàn)槲业氖謾C(jī)就可以做得很好。because因?yàn)椋粀hen當(dāng)……時(shí)；if如果；although盡管。根據(jù)“Nocash?Itdoesn’tmatter”及“mysmartphonewilldonicely”可知，后面講述的是原因，用連詞“because”。故選A。17．句意：當(dāng)乘坐交通工具的時(shí)候，我通過(guò)滴滴出行預(yù)訂了一輛車(chē)。bought買(mǎi)；washed洗；saw看到；ordered預(yù)訂，命令。根據(jù)“acarthroughDidiChuxing”，可知句子表達(dá)在手機(jī)上用應(yīng)用程序預(yù)訂車(chē)，用動(dòng)詞“ordered”。故選D。18．句意：我可以用手機(jī)掃描條形碼來(lái)使用這些自行車(chē)。cars轎車(chē)；buses公交車(chē)；bikes自行車(chē)；taxis的士。根據(jù)“Therewerealsobikesalmosteverywhere”可知，句子表達(dá)使用自行車(chē)，用名詞“bikes”。故選C。19．句意：我不得不說(shuō)現(xiàn)金正變成過(guò)去的事物了。future未來(lái)；present現(xiàn)在；past過(guò)去；time時(shí)間。根據(jù)“Nocash?Itdoesn’tmatter”及前文講述手機(jī)支付，可知，句子表達(dá)現(xiàn)金成為過(guò)去了。故選C。20．句意：我住在中國(guó)，甚至一周不用紙幣是平常的。common常見(jiàn)的，共有的；popular受歡迎的；different不同的；hard難的。根據(jù)“TheWestisleftbehindintermsofmobilepaymentsandIsuggesttheycopywhat’shappeninginChina”可知手機(jī)支付在中國(guó)很平常，不用紙幣是很尋常的事，用形容詞“common”。故選A。二、閱讀單選A篇ItwasnotlongagothattheUSFederalReserve(美聯(lián)儲(chǔ))kepttheideatowardwhetheritwasnecessarytolaunch(發(fā)行)anofficialdigital(數(shù)字化的)USdollar.ButforRussia,theUSappearedtogiveBidenenoughcouragetotakeanimportantsteptowardthegovernmentbackeddigitalmoney.Withthetechnologicalfastdevelopment,ithasbecomeageneralneedfortheworld’sdigitalcurrency(貨幣).ThisisthebackgroundandoneofthereasonswhycentralbanksfromEuropetoAsiaaresteppingupworkonresearchinganddevelopingtheirowndigitalcurrencies.Chinahasbecomeafront-runnerindevelopingadigitalcurrencyoftheChineseyuan.Withalargenumberofthedigitalyuantested,Chinahasalreadygotagreatdealofworkexperienceovertheyears.Thewholeworld’sdevelopmenthasreachedapointwhentheUSdoesnothavethegreatadvantagesintheworld’stradeandmanyotherfields.ItisthereasonwhytheUSneedstostepupresearchanddevelopmenteffortsindigitalareassuchasdigitalcurrency.butitdoesn’tnecessarilymeanthatitcanenlargeitsadvantageofthedollartothedigitalcurrencyarea.Generallyspeaking,itisnotabadthingfortheUStojointhedigitalcurrencyrace,whichmayallowtheUStomakefriendswithothercountries.ButiftheUS’sinterestintheresearchanddevelopmentofgovernment-backeddigitalcurrencyistocontrolothers,marketriskswillonlygoagainsttothedollar’splace.21．Withthetechnologicaldevelopment,digitalcurrency_________.A．takeanimportantstep B．hasbecomeageneralneedintheworldC．hasreachedahighpoint D．hasgreatadvantagesintheworld’strade22．Theunderlinedword“front-runner”means“_________”inEnglishinParagraph3.A．pioneer B．player C．fighter D．protector23．Accordingtothepassage,wecanlearn_________.A．digitalcurrencyhastakentheplaceoftheUSdollarB．centralbanksfromEuropeareworkingonresearchinganddevelopingdigitalcurrenciesC．ChinaisstillonthewaytodevelopingadigitalcurrencyoftheChineseyuanD．theUSneedstoresearchanddevelopdigitalcurrencybecausetheUShasgreatadvantages24．FromParagraph4andParagraph5ofthepassage,wecaninfer_________.A．theUSwillstopusingtheUSdollarintheworld’stradebecauseofthedigitalcurrencyraceB．theUShasdevelopedtosuchahighpointthatitsgovernmentwillcontrolotherdevelopingcountriesC．theUSwillplaythemostimportantroleinthedevelopmentofthegovernmentbackeddigitalareaD．withtheUS’sjoiningthedigitalcurrencyrace,theUShastochangetheirattitudetoothercountries【短文大意】本文主要講述了目前有關(guān)數(shù)字貨幣的發(fā)展情況。【答案解析】21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Withthetechnologicalfastdevelopment,ithasbecomeageneralneedfortheworld’sdigitalcurrency(貨幣).”可知，隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展，數(shù)字貨幣已成為世界的普遍需求。故選B。22．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Chinahasbecomeafront-runnerindevelopingadigitalcurrencyoftheChineseyuan.Withalargenumberofthedigitalyuantested,Chinahasalreadygotagreatdealofworkexperienceovertheyears.”可知，中國(guó)已成為開(kāi)發(fā)人民幣數(shù)字貨幣的領(lǐng)跑者。隨著大量數(shù)字人民幣的測(cè)試，中國(guó)多年來(lái)已經(jīng)積累了大量的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。front-runner表示“領(lǐng)跑者”，與“pioneer”意思一致。故選A。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ThisisthebackgroundandoneofthereasonswhycentralbanksfromEuropetoAsiaaresteppingupworkonresearchinganddevelopingtheirowndigitalcurrencies.”可知，歐洲央行正致力于研究和開(kāi)發(fā)數(shù)字貨幣。故選B。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“ButiftheUS’sinterestintheresearchanddevelopmentofgovernment-backeddigitalcurrencyistocontrolothers,marketriskswillonlygoagainsttothedollar’splace.”可知，隨著美國(guó)加入數(shù)字貨幣競(jìng)賽，美國(guó)必須改變對(duì)其他國(guó)家的態(tài)度。故選D。B篇Moneyiswhatpeopleusetobuythingstheyneedorwant.Alongtimeago,peopledidn’tusemoney.Sohowdidtheygetthethingstheywanted?Well,thereisalongandinterestingstoryaboutthis.Atfirst,theywouldexchangesomethingtheyhadforsomethingtheyneeded.Forexample,iftheshoemakerneededsomebread,hewouldgivethebaker(面包師)shoesandthebakerwouldgivehimbread.Thiswascalled“bartering”.Barteringworkedwellforawhile.Butafterthebakerhadtoomanyshoes,theshoemakerstillneededmorebread.Whatcouldtheydo?Thesolutiontothisproblemwasmoney.Moneywasbasicallyanagreementamongpeople.Peopleagreedthatsomemetal(金屬)orpaperwouldbeworthacertainamountofbreadoracertainnumberofshoes.Thereweremanyearlierformsofmoney,suchascattle(家畜),salt,grainandshells.Butitwasnoteasytomovethemorstorethem.Socoinbegantotaketheplaceofthings.MetaltoolmoneywasusedinChinaasearlyas1000BC．Coinshadasetvalueandcouldbestored.Itbecamepossibleforpeopletotradeinastandardized(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的)way.Acoinsaysrightonithowmuchitisworth.Differentcoinsareworthdifferentamounts.Aboutthreehundredyearsago,papermoneycameintowideuse.Papermoneyischeapertomakethancoins.Itisalsoeasiertocarryaround.Nowpeopleusepapermoneyandcoinsinmostcountries.25．Alongtimeago,peoplegotthethingstheywantedby________.A．givingthebakershoes B．givingtheshoemakerbreadC．usingcoinsandpapermoney D．exchangingthingstheyhadforthingstheyneeded26．Themeaningoftheunderlinedword“bartering”is“________”.A．討價(jià)還價(jià) B．強(qiáng)買(mǎi)強(qiáng)賣(mài) C．以貨易貨 D．清倉(cāng)甩賣(mài)27．Thereweremanyearlierformsofmoneyexcept________.A．salt B．grain C．cattle D．bread28．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Differentcoinsareworththesameamounts.B．Moneywasbasicallyanagreementamongpeople.C．MetaltoolmoneywasusedinChinabefore1000BC．D．Iftheshoemakerneededsomebread,hewouldgivethebakerbreadandthebakerwouldgivehimshoes.29．Thispassagemainlytalksabout________.A．theuseofmoney B．moneyiseverything C．thebirthofmoney D．peoplelikemoney【短文大意】本文介紹了錢(qián)幣的發(fā)展歷史。從開(kāi)始的“以物易物”到后來(lái)的以牛，鹽，谷物或貝殼等作為固定錢(qián)幣買(mǎi)東西，后來(lái)人們用易攜帶的金屬錢(qián)幣，最后發(fā)明的紙幣，紙幣一直沿用到現(xiàn)在。【答案解析】25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Atfirst,theywouldexchangesomethingtheyhadforsomethingtheyneeded.”可知，很久以前，人們通過(guò)交換他們所擁有的東西來(lái)獲得他們想要的東西。故選D。26．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“Forexample,iftheshoemakerneededsomebread,hewouldgivethebaker(面包師)shoesandthebakerwouldgivehimbread.”例如，如果鞋匠需要一些面包，他會(huì)給面包師鞋子，面包師會(huì)給他面包?？芍?，“bartering”表示“以貨易貨”。故選C。27．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Thereweremanyearlierformsofmoney,suchascattle(家畜),salt,grainandshells.”可知，早期有許多貨幣形式，如牛、鹽、谷物和貝殼；沒(méi)有提到面包。故選D。28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Moneywasbasicallyanagreementamongpeople.”可知，金錢(qián)基本上是人們之間的一種協(xié)議。故選B。29．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了錢(qián)幣的發(fā)展歷史。故選C。三、閱讀回答問(wèn)題ThePeople'sBankofChinahasissuedthefifthedition(版本)oftheRenminbi(RMB)sinceAugust30,2019.Thesebanknotes(紙幣)havebrightercolorsandnewsecurityfeatures(防偽特征).We’vebeenusingbanknotesforaround1,000years.BackintheNorthernSongDynasty,theancientChinesepeoplemadetheworld’searliestpapermoneytoreplacemetalcoins.Thesebanknoteswerecalledjiaozi.Papermoneyischeapertomakeandeasiertocarry.Theseadvantagesmadeitmorepopularthanotherformsofmoney.Butnow,inthedigital(數(shù)碼的)age,papermoneyseemstobedisappearingforthesamereason.Chinaseemstobeheadingtowardsbecomingacashless(不用現(xiàn)金的)society.Fromsupermarketstostreetstores,peoplepaybyusingtheWechatWalletandAlipayappsontheirmobilephones,Swedenisevenclosertoafuturewithoutpapermoney.ManySwedishbanksnolongerevenhavecashonhand.Butthereareworriesaboutcreatingcashlesssocieties.Somesayitisunfairtothepoorandpeoplewithoutmucheducation.It’snoteasyforthemtoopenbankaccounts(賬戶(hù))ordealwithmobilephones.Andifallofyourmoneyisdigital,itmaynotbesafeenough.Ispapermoneygoingaway?Althoughpapermoneyisusedlessthanelectronicpayment(電子支付)insomecountries,itwon'tdisappearatonceinmostpartsoftheworld.30．WhenhasthefiftheditionofRMBbeenissued?________________________________________________________________________31．Whomadetheworld’searliestpapermoneytoreplacemetalcoins?________________________________________________________________________32．Whyispapermoneymorepopularthanotherformsofmoney?________________________________________________________________________33．DomanySwedishbankshaveanycashonhand?________________________________________________________________________34．Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?________________________________________________________________________【短文大意】本文介紹了紙幣的發(fā)展史及優(yōu)勢(shì)，隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展，越來(lái)越多的人不用現(xiàn)金支付，許多人擔(dān)心會(huì)創(chuàng)造無(wú)現(xiàn)金社會(huì)，這對(duì)于一些窮人和沒(méi)有受過(guò)教育的人來(lái)說(shuō)不公平。盡管紙幣用的沒(méi)有電子支付那么多，但是紙幣不會(huì)馬上消失?！敬鸢附馕觥?0．根據(jù)ThePeople'sBankofChinahasissuedthefifthedition(版本)oftheRenminbi(RMB)sinceAugust30,2019，可知，自從2019年8月30日，中國(guó)人民銀行發(fā)布了第五版人民幣。故填SinceAugust30,2019.31．根據(jù)BackintheNorthernSongDynasty,theancientChinesepeoplemadetheworld’searliestpapermoneytoreplacemetalcoins，可知，早在北宋時(shí)期，古代中國(guó)人制造了世界上最早的紙幣來(lái)代替金屬硬幣，故填TheancientChinesepeople./ChinesepeopleintheNorthernSongDynasty.32．根據(jù)Papermoneyischeapertomakeandeasiertocarry.Theseadvantagesmadeitmorepopularthanotherformsofmoney，可知，紙幣制作成本更低，攜帶方便，所以它比其他貨幣形式更受歡迎，故填Because

it/(papermoney)ischeapertomakeandeasiertocarry.33．根據(jù)ManySwedishbanksnolongerevenhavecashonhand，可知，許多瑞典銀行甚至手頭都沒(méi)有現(xiàn)金，故填No,theydon’t.34．根據(jù)Althoughpapermoneyisusedlessthanelectronicpayment(電子支付)insomecountries,itwon'tdisappearatonceinmostpartsoftheworld，可知，作者想告訴在世界大部分地區(qū)，紙幣不會(huì)立刻消失。故填Papermoneywon'tdisappearatonceinmostpartsoftheworld.四、多任務(wù)混合閱讀A篇閱讀表達(dá)ThePeople’sBankofChinahascomeoutthefifthedition(版本)oftherenminbi(RMB)sinceAugust30,2019.Thesebanknotes(紙幣)hadbrightercolorsandnewsecurityfeatures(防偽特征).We’vebeenusingbanknotesforaround1,000years.BackintheNorthernSongDynasty,Chinesepeoplemadetheword’searliestpapermoneytoreplace(代替)metalcoins.Thesebanknoteswerecalledjiaozi.Papermoneyischeapertomakeandeasiertocarry.Theseadvantagesmadeitmorepopular(4)①________otherformsofmoney.Butnow,inthedigital(數(shù)字的)age,papermoneyseemstobedisappearingforthesamereason.Chinaseemstobeheadingtowardsbecomingacashless(不用現(xiàn)金的)society.Fromsupermarketstostreetstores,peoplepaybyusingtheWeChatWalletandAlipayappsontheirmobilephones.Swedenisevenclosertoafuturewithoutpapermoney.ManySwedishbanksnolongerevenhavecashonhand.Butthereareworries(4)②________creatingcashlesssocieties.Somesayitisunfairtothepoorandpeoplewithoutmucheducation.(5)It’snoteasyforthemtoopenbankaccounts(賬戶(hù))ordealwithmobilephones.Andifallofyourmoneyis“digital”,itmaynotbesafeenough.Ispapermoneygoingaway?(4)③________papermoneyisusedlessthanelectronicpayment(電子支付)insomecountries,itwon’tdisappearatonceinmostpartsoftheworld.35．Accordingtothepassage,whendidthefiftheditionofRMBcomeout?(Nomorethan4words)_____________________________________36．Whichcountrymadetheworld’searliestpapermoneytoreplacemetalcoins?(Nomorethan10words)___________________________________________________37．Whyispapermoneymorepopularthanotherformsofmoney?(Nomorethan15word)___________________________________________________38．Fillineachblankwithoneproperword.①________②________③________39．TranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese._____________________________________40．Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?_____________________________________【短文大意】本文主要介紹了中國(guó)人民銀行發(fā)第五版本人民幣，并介紹了紙幣的歷史以及目前紙幣在社會(huì)中的流通情況。【答案解析】35．根據(jù)“ThePeople’sBankofChinahascomeoutthefifthedition(版本)oftherenminbi(RMB)sinceAugust30,2019.”可知，中國(guó)人民銀行在2019年8月30日發(fā)行了第五版人民幣。故填A(yù)ugust30,2019.36．根據(jù)“BackintheNorthernSongDynasty,Chinesepeoplemadetheword’searliestpapermoneytoreplace(代替)metalcoins.”可知，北宋時(shí)期，中國(guó)人制造了世界上最早的紙幣來(lái)代替金屬硬幣。故填NorthernSongDynasty.37．根據(jù)“Papermoneyischeapertomakeandeasiertocarry.”可知，紙幣比其他形式的貨幣更受歡迎是因?yàn)榧垘胖谱鞲阋耍瑪y帶也更方便。故填Becausepapermoneyischeapertomakeandeasiertocarry.38．根據(jù)①空前的“morepopular”可知，此處應(yīng)用比較級(jí)標(biāo)志詞than“比”引出比較對(duì)象，故①填than；根據(jù)上文“ManySwedishbanksnolongerevenhavecashonhand.”許多瑞典銀行甚至手頭都沒(méi)有現(xiàn)金了，可推知人們會(huì)對(duì)此產(chǎn)生擔(dān)憂。worryabout“擔(dān)憂”，固定搭配，故②填about；根據(jù)“papermoneyisusedlessthanelectronicpayment(電子支付)insomecountries”和“itwon’tdisappearatonceinmostpartsoftheworld.”可知，前后句為讓步關(guān)系，應(yīng)用although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，句首字母大寫(xiě)，故③填A(yù)lthough。綜上，故填than；about；Although。39．It’s+adj.+forsb.+todosth.“做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是……”；easy“容易的”；openbankaccounts“開(kāi)銀行賬戶(hù)”；or“或者”；dealwith“處理”；with“用”；mobilephones“手機(jī)”。故填：對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，開(kāi)立銀行賬戶(hù)或用手機(jī)交易并不容易。40．根據(jù)“papermoneyisusedlessthanelectronicpayment(電子支付)insomecountries,itwon’tdisappearatonceinmostpartsoftheworld.”可知，作者主要告訴我們紙幣在大部分國(guó)家不會(huì)馬上消失。故填Papermoneywon’tdisappearatonceinmostpartsoftheworld.B篇閱讀下面短文，完成相關(guān)任務(wù)。ThePeople’sBankofChinahasissued(發(fā)行)thefifthedition(版本)oftherenminbi(RMB).Thesepapermoneyhasbrightercolorsandnewsafetyability.We’vebeenusingpapermoneyforaround1,000years.BackintheNorthernSongDynasty,Chinesepeoplemadetheworld’searliestpapermoneytotaketheplaceofthemetalcoins.Theywerecalledjiaozi.Papermoneywascheapertomakeandeasiertocarry.Theseadvantagesmadeitmorepopularthanotherformsofmoney.Butnow,inthedigitals(數(shù)碼的)age,papermoneyseemstobedisappearingforthesamereason.Now,fromsupermarketstostreetstores,peoplepaybyusingtheWechatWalletandAlipayappsontheirmobilephones.Swedenisevenclosertoafuturewithoutpapermoney.ManySwedishbanksnolongerevenhavecash(現(xiàn)金)onhand.Butthereareworriesaboutcreatingcashlesssocieties.Somesayitisunfairtothepoorandpeoplewithoutmucheducation.It’snoteasyforthemtoopenbankaccounts(賬戶(hù))ordealwithmobilephones.Andifallofyourmoneyis“digital”,itmaynotbesafeenough.Ispapermoneygoingaway?Althoughpapermoneyisusedlessthanelectronicpaymentinsomecountries,itwon’tdisappearatonceinmostpartsoftheworld.41．Howlonghasthepapermoneybeenused?

_______________________________________________________.42．Whyispapermoneymorepopularthanotherformsofmoney?_______________________________________________________.43．DomanySwedishbankshaveanycashonhand?_______________________________________________________.44．Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?_______________________________________________________.45．請(qǐng)將文中畫(huà)線的句子翻譯成漢語(yǔ)。_______________________________________________________【短文大意】本文介紹了紙幣的發(fā)展史及優(yōu)勢(shì)，隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展，越來(lái)越多的人不用現(xiàn)金支付，許多人擔(dān)心會(huì)創(chuàng)造無(wú)現(xiàn)金社會(huì)，這對(duì)于一些窮人和沒(méi)有受過(guò)教育的人來(lái)說(shuō)不公平。盡管紙幣用的沒(méi)有電子支付那么多，但是紙幣不會(huì)馬上消失。【答案解析】41．根據(jù)“We’vebeenusingpapermoneyforaround1,000years”可知，使用紙幣已經(jīng)有大約一千年的歷史了，故填Foraround1,000years.42．根據(jù)“Papermoneyischeapertomakeandeasiertocarry.Theseadvantagesmadeitmorepopularthanotherformsofmoney”可知，紙幣制作成本更低，攜帶方便，所以它比其他貨幣形式更受歡迎，故填Becauseitischeapertomakeandeasiertocarry.43．根據(jù)“ManySwedishbanksnolongerevenhavecashonhand”可知，許多瑞典銀行甚至手頭都沒(méi)有現(xiàn)金，故填No,theydon’t.44．根據(jù)“Althoughpapermoneyisusedlessthanelectronicpaymentinsomecountries,itwon’tdisappearatonceinmostpartsoftheworld”可知，作者想告訴在世界大部分地區(qū)，紙幣不會(huì)立刻消失。故填Papermoneywon’tdisappearatonceinmostpartsoftheworld.45．theseadvantages“這些優(yōu)點(diǎn)”；makesth+形容詞“使某物……”；morepopular“更受歡迎”；than“比”；otherformsofmoney“其他形式的貨幣”，故填：這些優(yōu)點(diǎn)使它比其他形式的貨幣更受歡迎。C篇請(qǐng)閱讀下面的非連續(xù)性文本，按要求完成所給任務(wù)，并將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。Nowadays,mostofourlivesarerecordedonline.Wesetupemailandonlineshoppingaccounts（賬戶(hù)）;wedownload（下載）music,films,gamesande-books,wepostandrepost（轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)）onSinaWeiboandWeChat.Together,thesethingsmakeupour“digitallegacy（數(shù)字遺產(chǎn)）”.Infact,therearetwotypesofdigitallegacyintheworld.Oneis“assets（資產(chǎn)）”thatwebuywithmoney,suchasvirtualcoins（虛擬幣）andgameequipment.

Astheyareworthsomemoney,theycanbeinherited（繼承）.Theotherkindisthingsthatcarrysentimental（情感的）value,suchassocialmediaaccounts.Dealingwiththeseisaproblem.Firstofall,althoughyoumayhavecreatedyouronlineaccounts,youdon’treallyownthem—Internetcompaniesdo.Youonlyhavearighttousethen.Forexample,yourTaobaoaccountmightbeclosedbythecompanyifyouhaven’tloggedinformorethansixmonths.Second,it’shardtobalancebetweenourdigitallegacyandprivacy（隱私）protection.

“Whethersocialmediaaccounts,likeWeChatandSinaWeibo,canbeinheritedisstillquestionable,becausetheyarehighlypersonal,”saidWangCheng,aprofessoratPekingUniversityLawSchool.Takingusers’privacyandfeelingsintoconsideration,InternetcompaniessuchasGoogleandSinaWeibohaveofferedservicestohelpusersdealwiththeirdigitallegacy.Isitpossibletogeteverythingdeleted?Yes!TheEuropeanUnion’sGeneralDataProtectionRegulationwentintoeffectin2018.Itsaidpeoplehavearighttoerase（清除）personaldata,whichisalsoknownas“therighttobeforgotten”.Howwillyoudealwithit?Wouldyoulikeyourdigitallegacytobeinheritedordeleted?Herearesomeanswersfromteenagers.☆ZhouCaiyan,15,Hangzhou,ZhejiangIguessIwouldliketopassonmydigitallegacytomyfamilymembers.Ihavesomanybeautifulmemoriesthere.Theywouldbesomethingthattheycantakealookatwhentheymissme.Buteveryonehassomethingsthattheydon’twanttosharewithothers.SoIwillfirstlookthroughalltheinformationanddeletethosethings.☆LiYan,14,Lanzhou,GansuIprefermydigitallegacytobedeleted.ThoughIleavesomanyunforgettablefootprints（足跡）ondifferentsites,theyarewhatIthinkwhenIamalive.WhenIleavetheworld,myfamilymemberswillfeelsad.隨著時(shí)間的流逝,他們悲傷的感覺(jué)會(huì)消失。ButifIleavemydigitallegacytothem,theymightfeelsadagaineverytimetheylookatthethings.46．PleasetranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoChinese.__________________________________________47．Whoownsyouronlineaccounts?__________________________________________48．HowmanyInternetcompanieshaveofferedservicestohelpusersdealwiththeirdigitallegacyinthepassage?__________________________________________49．WhatarethecommonideasforZhouCaiyanandLiYan?__________________________________________50．PleasetranslatetheunderlinedsentenceintoEnglish.__________________________________________51．Whatwillyoudowithyourdigitallegacyinthefuture?__________________________________________【短文大意】本文描述了數(shù)字遺產(chǎn)的定義和人們對(duì)它的態(tài)度。【答案解析】46．Infact意為“事實(shí)上”；thereare“某處有”；twotypesof“兩種”；digitallegacy“數(shù)字遺產(chǎn)”；intheworld“在世界上”。故填：事實(shí)上，在世界上有兩種數(shù)字遺產(chǎn)。47．根據(jù)第三段“you