考研英語一真題完整版答案

...wd......wd......wd...2014年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(一)試題SectionⅠUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan'tremember1weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance'sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain2,werefertotheseoccurrencesas"seniormoments."3seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea(an)4impactonourprofessional,social,andpersonal5.Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere'sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It6outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental7cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive8.Thinkingisessentiallya9ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto10inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.11,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligencecanexpandandfluctuate12mentaleffort.Now,anewWeb-basedcompanyhastakenitastep13anddevelopedthefirst"braintrainingprogram"designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental14.TheWeb-basedprogram15youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogramkeeps16ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback17yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it18modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto19onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping--muchlikea(n)20exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse.1.[A]where[B]when[C]that[D]why2.[A]improves[B]fades[C]recovers[D]collapses3.[A]If[B]Unless[C]Once[D]While4.[A]uneven[B]limited[C]damaging[D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing[B]environment[C]relationship[D]outlook6.[A]turns[B]finds[C]points[D]figures7.[A]roundabouts[B]responses[C]workouts[D]associations8.[A]genre[B]functions[C]circumstances[D]criterion9.[A]channel[B]condition[C]sequence[D]process10.[A]persist[B]believe[C]excel[D]feature11.[A]Therefore[B]Moreover[C]Otherwise[D]However12.[A]accordingto[B]regardlessof[C]apartfrom[D]insteadof13.[A]back[B]further[C]aside[D]around14.[A]sharpness[B]stability[C]framework[D]flexibility15.[A]forces[B]reminds[C]hurries[D]allows16.[A]hold[B]track[C]order[D]pace17.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on18.[A]irregularly[B]habitually[C]constantly[D]unusually19.[A]carry[B]put[C]build[D]take20.[A]risky[B]effective[C]idle[D]familiar答案：1-5ABDCA6-10ACBDC11-15DABAD16-20BDCCB答案解析：1.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A][考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義和連詞辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]此題考察連詞。根據(jù)上下文意思，首先可以排除[B][C][D]。這句話中where引導(dǎo)一個狀語語從句，主要是說記不清把鑰匙放在哪里了。2.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B][考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義和動詞辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]Asthebrain2werefertotheseoccurrencesas"seniormoments這句話的意思是“由于大腦2我們稱這些現(xiàn)象為“瞬間性老年癡呆〞，由此可以排除[A]和[C]。[D]collapse意為：使倒塌，使崩潰，不符合題意。fades考察熟詞僻意，通常意思為褪色，逝去。還有衰老的意思，這里就考察是衰老的意思。從前文可以看出，文章講的是隨著年齡增長，大腦衰老。所以選[B]3.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D][考點(diǎn)分析]邏輯銜接題[選項(xiàng)分析][A]if表示假設(shè)“如果〞。[B]Unless“除非，如果不〞。[C]Once“一旦〞。[D]While，“雖然，然而〞表轉(zhuǎn)折。這句話的意思是雖然外表上看起來沒什么，但是危害很大，前后位轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以選D。4.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C][考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義和詞匯辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]這四個選項(xiàng)均為形容詞，[A]表示“不均勻〞，[B]表示“有限的〞，[C]表示“有破壞性的，損壞的〞，[D]表示“模糊的，晦澀的〞。這句話意思是這種精神能量的缺失會給我們帶來……的影響。根據(jù)上下文的意思，可以排除[A]和[D]。而“有限的影響〞顯然缺乏以表達(dá)危害的嚴(yán)重性，故可以排除[B]選項(xiàng)。[C]“帶來有害的影響〞最符合作者意圖。5.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A][考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義和名詞辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]本句話含義是這種精神能量的缺失會給我們的職業(yè)、社交還有個人……帶來有害的影響。[A]wellbeing“幸福〞。[B]environment“環(huán)境〞。[C]relationship“關(guān)系〞。[D]outlook“展望〞。and連接假設(shè)干名詞，這些名詞應(yīng)該為同一類，職業(yè)、社交都是和個人相關(guān)，排除[B]和[D]，[C]personalrelationship就是social的意思，不能重復(fù)，選擇[A]，個人幸福。6.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A][考點(diǎn)分析]固定搭配[選項(xiàng)分析][A]itturnsoutthat“原來，其實(shí)〞。[B]itfindsoutthat“本文發(fā)現(xiàn)〞。[C]itpointsoutthat“指出〞。[D]itfiguresoutthat“本文發(fā)現(xiàn)〞。It代表神經(jīng)科學(xué)，這句話的意思是越來越多的精神學(xué)家們都表示，大腦其實(shí)跟肌肉一樣需要練習(xí)運(yùn)動。這里給出的是神經(jīng)科學(xué)的結(jié)論，因此選擇itturnsoutthat7.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C][考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義和名詞辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]這四個選項(xiàng)均為名詞。[A]roundabouts迂回路線。[B]responses回應(yīng)。[C]workouts鍛煉，練習(xí)。[D]associations協(xié)會。[C]workouts鍛煉，練習(xí)與前文出現(xiàn)的exercise都有“鍛煉，練習(xí)〞的意思，近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，所以選[C]8.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B][考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義和名詞辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]這四個選項(xiàng)均為名詞。[A]genre類型，種類。[B]functions功能。[C]circumstances情況，環(huán)境。[D]criterion批評判斷的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、準(zhǔn)則。這句話的意思是正確的智力運(yùn)動能極大地提高我們最基本的認(rèn)知功能，根據(jù)語義，選擇[B]functions功能。9.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D][考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義和名詞辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]這四個選項(xiàng)均為名詞。[A]channel通道，頻道。[B]condition條件。[C]sequence順序，序列。[D]process過程，步驟。根據(jù)常識，思考是一個過程，并且通過腦神經(jīng)相互接觸來完成，其他選項(xiàng)表示渠道、序列、條件，均不符合常識。因此正確答案是表示過程的[D]選項(xiàng)。這句話的意思是思考是大腦神經(jīng)連接必要的過程。10.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D][考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義和動詞辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]這四個選項(xiàng)均為動詞。[A]persist堅(jiān)持。[B]believe相信。[C]excel超過。[D]feature特色。本句句意，在某種程度來講，我們在進(jìn)展神經(jīng)連接(直接影響人的聰明程度)方面的特殊能力是與生俱來的。excel有超過擅長的意思，表示在某個方面出眾，放在此處符合題意，因此正確答案為[B]。11.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D][考點(diǎn)分析]邏輯銜接題[選項(xiàng)分析]此題需要的是一個副詞，而且位于句首，因此考察的是句關(guān)系。通過前后句意義來定答案，前一句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是智力是與生俱來的(inherited)，而后一句則認(rèn)為是可以通過腦力活動(mentaleffort)會有所波動，兩句意義明顯相反，故正確答案為[D]However。12.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A][考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義和短語辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]此題并不難，可以理解為：智力可以……腦力活動得到提升或出現(xiàn)波動。[B]regardlessof“不管，不顧〞不合邏輯。[C]apartfrom“除……之外〞也不適宜。[D]insteadof“代替〞明顯不符。故[A]為正確答案。13.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B][考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義和固定搭配[選項(xiàng)分析]此題考察的是固定搭配：takeastep……，能搭配只有A和C，分別指“采取進(jìn)一步措施〞和“讓到一邊去〞，無論從邏輯上還是從句意上都是A符合。14.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][A][考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義和詞匯辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]此題考察的是動賓搭配：improveandregainsb’smental……，再根據(jù)前文一直在講假設(shè)何提高“智力〞，因此可以排除A(模式)和B(穩(wěn)定性)，C(靈活性)和D(鋒利性，鋒利性)容易混淆，C有一定的干擾性，但雙比之下，D更契合前文，應(yīng)選D。15.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][D][考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義和詞匯辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]空格所在句的意思是說這個網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程可以_____系統(tǒng)地改善你的記憶力和注意力。而且此處需要填入的動詞需要與to進(jìn)展搭配。根據(jù)搭配關(guān)系直接排除A,B。本文的主題介紹的是使人聰明的腦力鍛煉法，感情色彩是中性的，此處的D選項(xiàng)force排除，所以最恰當(dāng)?shù)氖荄。16.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][B][考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義和固定搭配[選項(xiàng)分析]空格所在句的意思是說這個培訓(xùn)課程還可以_____學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度，并且給予詳盡的信息反響。根據(jù)語境，空格缺少的詞匯意義為跟蹤學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度，分析四個選項(xiàng)，直接排除Ahold,Corder;辨析B,D兩個選項(xiàng)，與D選項(xiàng)的pace搭配的介詞應(yīng)該為with，即，keeppacewith，所以排除，B選項(xiàng)為正確答案，keeptrackof意思為跟蹤。17.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C][考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義和介詞[選項(xiàng)分析]此題考察介詞，根據(jù)空格前后語境，空格所缺少的介詞意義為關(guān)于你的表現(xiàn)作出詳細(xì)的反響，四個選項(xiàng)中只有D有關(guān)于的意思。18.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C][考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義和詞匯辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]空格所在句的意思是說更加重要的是，它會_____調(diào)整并升級有關(guān)訓(xùn)練游戲。通過前后句的語境，所用詞匯均為褒義詞，所以，從感情色彩方面可以排除A，B習(xí)慣性的主語應(yīng)該為人，直接排除。B經(jīng)常的，D異乎尋常的代入，發(fā)現(xiàn)C對比符合題意。19.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C][考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義和詞匯辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]空格所在句的意思是說它會經(jīng)常調(diào)整并升級有關(guān)訓(xùn)練游戲，以促進(jìn)腦力的不斷____。此題所缺少的動詞需要與介詞on搭配，Aputon穿上，增加;Bcarryon執(zhí)行;Cbuildon在……根基上增加，構(gòu)建;Dtakeon呈現(xiàn);代入空格發(fā)現(xiàn)只有C適合，A,B,D都不與空格后面的development相搭配。20.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案][C][考點(diǎn)分析]上下文語義和詞匯辨析[選項(xiàng)分析]此題涉及的是一個含不定式作后定的句子，所缺詞匯為形容詞修飾exerciseroutine，根據(jù)前后情感一致的邏輯，通過后面的不定式中的關(guān)鍵詞increase寺和varyyourmuscleuse等信息反推所需詞匯為正向詞匯，直接排除A和B，D是中性，只有C(有效的)符合邏輯，故為正確答案。SectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections：Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Inorderto“changelivesforthebetter〞andreduce“dependency,〞GeorgeOsbome,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe“upfrontworksearch〞scheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCVregisterforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit-andthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker’sallowance.“Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon.〞heclaimed.“We’redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplesayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster〞Help?Really?Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith“reforms〞toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsideslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor“fundamentalfairness〞-protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.Losingajobishurting:youdon’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifyingpsychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;yousupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:ajob.ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency-permanentdependencyifyoucangetit-supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase‘jobseeker’sallowance’-inventedin1996-isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker〞whohadnomandatoryrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance,〞conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at￡71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.21.GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedto___________.[A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits.[B]encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking.[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.[D]guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefits.22.Thephrase“tosignon〞(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre.[B]toacceptthegovernment’srestrictionsontheallowance.[C]toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment.[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram.23.Whatpromotedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.24.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeel[A]uneasy.[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.25.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?[A]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’laziness.[B]Osborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.[C]Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.[D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.Text2Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession---withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica.Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow.26.Alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients.[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation.[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms.[D]theattractionoffinancialrewards.27.WhichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducationinmostAmericanstates?[A]Highertuitionfeesforundergraduatestudies.[B]Admissionsapprovalfromthebarassociation.[C]Pursuingabachelor’sdegreeinanothermajor.[D]Receivingtrainingbyprofessionalassociations.28.Hindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginatesfrom[A]lawyers’andclients’strongresistance.[B]therigidbodiesgoverningtheprofession.[C]thestemexamforwould-belawyers.[D]non-professionals’sharpcriticism.29.Theguild-likeownershipstructureisconsidered“restrictive〞partlybecauseit[A]bansoutsiders’involvementintheprofession.[B]keepslawyersfromholdinglaw-firmshares.[C]aggravatestheethicalsituationinthetrade.[D]preventslawyersfromgainingdueprofits.30.Inthistext,theauthormainlydiscusses[A]flawedownershipofAmerica’slawfirmsanditscauses.[B]thefactorsthathelpmakeasuccessfullawyerinAmerica.[C]aprobleminAmerica’slegalprofessionandsolutionstoit.[D]theroleofundergraduatestudiesinAmerica’slegaleducation.Text3TheUS$3-millionFundamentalphysicsprizeisindeedaninterestingexperiment,asAlexanderPolyakovsaidwhenheacceptedthisyear’sawardinMarch.Anditisfarfromtheonlyoneofitstype.AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,astringoflucrativeawardsforresearchershavejoinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.Many,liketheFundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthetelephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofInternetentrepreneurs.Thesebenefactorshavesucceededintheirchosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttousetheirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinscience.What’snottolike?Quitealot,accordingtoahandfulofscientistsquotedintheNewsFeature.Youcannotbuyclass,astheoldsayinggoes,andtheseupstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizestheprestigeoftheNobels.Thenewawardsareanexerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,sayscientists.Theycoulddistorttheachievement-basedsystemofpeer-review-ledresearch.Theycouldcementthestatusquoofpeer-reviewedresearch.Theydonotfundpeer-reviewedresearch.Theyperpetuatethemythofthelonegenius.Thegoalsoftheprize-giversseemasscatteredasthecriticism.Somewanttoshock,otherstodrawpeopleintoscience,ortobetterrewardthosewhohavemadetheircareersinresearch.AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimateconcernsabouthowscienceprizes—bothnewandold—aredistributed.TheBreakthroughPrizeinLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciencesinclude.ButtheNobelFoundation’slimitofthreerecipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbeliving,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureofmodernresearch—aswillbedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowoverwhoisignoredwhenitcomestoacknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.TheNobelswere,ofcourse,themselvessetupbyaveryrichindividualwhohaddecidedwhathewantedtodowithhisownmoney.Time,ratherthanintention,hasgiventhemlegitimacy.Asmuchassomescientistsmaycomplainaboutthenewawards,twothingsseemclear.First,mostresearcherswouldacceptsuchaprizeiftheywereofferedone.Second,itissurelyagoodthingthatthemoneyandattentioncometoscienceratherthangoelsewhere,Itisfairtocriticizeandquestionthemechanism—thatisthecultureofresearch,afterall—butitistheprize-givers’moneytodowithastheyplease.Itiswisetotakesuchgiftswithgratitudeandgrace.31.TheFundamentalPhysicalPrizeisseenas[A]asymboloftheentrepreneurs’wealth.[B]apossiblereplacementoftheNobelPrize.[C]anexampleofbankers’investment.[D]ahandsomerewardforresearchers.32.Thecriticsthinkthatthenewawardswillmostbenefit[A]theprofit-orientedscientists.[B]thefoundersofthenewaward.[C]theachievement-basedsystem.[D]peer-review-ledresearch.33.ThediscoveryoftheHiggsbosonisatypicalcasewhichinvolves[A]controversiesovertherecipients’status.[B]thejointeffortofmodernresearchers.[C]legitimateconcernsoverthenewprizes.[D]thedemonstrationofresearchfindings.34.AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingistrueoftheNobels?[A]Theirendurancehasdonejusticetothem.[B]Theirlegitimacyhaslongbeenindispute.[C]Theyarethemostrepresentativehonor.[D]Historyhasnevercastdoubtonthem.35.Theauthorbelievedthatthenewawardsare[A]acceptabledespitethecriticism.[B]harmfultothecultureofresearch.[C]subjecttoundesirablechanges.[D]unworthyofpublicattention.Text4“TheHeartoftheMatter,〞thejust-releasedreportbytheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences(AAAS),deservespraiseforaffirmingtheimportanceofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencestotheprosperityandsecurityofliberaldemocracyinAmerica.Regrettably,however,thereport'sfailuretoaddressthetruenatureofthecrisisfacingliberaleducationmaycausemoreharmthangood.In2010,leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicanssentletterstotheAAASaskingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateandlocalgovernments,universities,foundations,educators,individualbenefactorsandothers"to"maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation."Inresponse,theAmericanAcademyformedtheCommissionontheHumanitiesandSocialSciences.Amongthecommission's51membersaretop-tier-universitypresidents,scholars,lawyers,judges,andbusinessexecutives,aswellasprominentfiguresfromdiplomacy,filmmaking,musicandjournalism.Thegoalsidentifiedinthereportaregenerallyadmirable.Becauserepresentativegovernmentpresupposesaninformedcitizenry,thereportsupportsfullliteracy;stressesthestudyofhistoryandgovernment,particularlyAmericanhistoryandAmericangovernment;andencouragestheuseofnewdigitaltechnologies.Toencourageinnovationandcompetition,thereportcallsforincreasedinvestmentinresearch,thecraftingofcoherentcurriculathatimprovestudents'abilitytosolveproblemsandcommunicateeffectivelyinthe21stcentury,increasedfundingforteachersandtheencouragementofscholarstobringtheirlearningtobearonthegreatchallengesoftheday.Thereportalsoadvocatesgreaterstudyofforeignlanguages,internationalaffairsandtheexpansionofstudyabroadprograms.Unfortunately,despite2?yearsinthemaking,"TheHeartoftheMatter"nevergetstotheheartofthematter:theilliberalnatureofliberaleducationatourleadingcollegesanduniversities.ThecommissionignoresthatforseveraldecadesAmerica'scollegesanduniversitieshaveproducedgraduateswhodon'tknowthecontentandcharacterofliberaleducationandarethusdeprivedofitsbenefits.Sadly,thespiritofinquiryonceathomeoncampushasbeenreplacedbytheuseofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesasvehiclesforpublicizing"progressive,"orleft-liberalpropaganda.Today,professorsroutinelytreattheprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublicpolicyasthepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberalideas—suchasfreemarketsorself-reliance—asfallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,intellectualinvestigation.TheAAASdisplaysgreatenthusiasmforliberaleducation.YetitsreportmaywellsetbackreformbyobscuringthedepthandbreadthofthechallengethatCongressaskedittoilluminate.36.AccordingtoParagraph1,whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheAAAS’sreport?[A]Critical[B]Appreciative[C]Contemptuous[D]Tolerant37.InfluentialfiguresintheCongressrequiredthattheAAASreportonhowto[A]retainpeople’sinterestinliberaleducation.[B]definethegovernment’sroleineducation.[C]keepaleadingpositioninliberaleducation.[D]safeguardindividualsrightstoeducation.38.AccordingtoParagraph3,thereportsuggests[A]anexclusivestudyofAmericanhistory.[B]agreateremphasisontheoreticalsubjects.[C]theapplicationofemergingtechnologies.[D]fundingforthestudyofforeignlanguages.39.TheauthorimpliesinParagraph5thatprofessorsare[A]supportiveoffreemarkets.[B]cautiousaboutintellectualinvestigation.[C]conservativeaboutpublicpolicy.[D]biasedagainstclassicalliberalideas.40.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[A]WaystoGrasp“TheHeartoftheMatter〞[B]IlliberalEducationand“TheHeartoftheMatter〞[C]TheAAAS’sContributiontoLiberalEducation[D]ProgressivePolicyvs.LiberalEducation答案21-25BCAAB26-30DCBAC31-35ABDAA36-40ABCBB21.B細(xì)節(jié)題。本道題的關(guān)鍵是intendedto問的是目的，所以我們也應(yīng)該去尋找表達(dá)目的性的詞匯，所以在首段首句看到了inorderto,則后面的內(nèi)容即為此題答案，結(jié)合后面找工作的內(nèi)容則選擇B選項(xiàng)。22.C詞義句意題。先根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第三行，tosignon前面有一個很明顯的not，則我們可以推知，這一定是前面的反義，我們只要讀懂前面半局部就可以了，前面說應(yīng)該spendlookingforwork，正好和A選項(xiàng)相符，所以我們只要選擇一個相反的選項(xiàng)即可，則選擇C選項(xiàng)。23.A細(xì)節(jié)題。本道題的關(guān)鍵是題目中的prompted和chancellor，根據(jù)chancellor能定位到二段第五行，再向下尋找則可發(fā)現(xiàn)motivate和prompt是對應(yīng)的，所以看本句即可發(fā)現(xiàn)和A選項(xiàng)是對應(yīng)的。24.A細(xì)節(jié)題。本道題根據(jù)unemployed回到文中定位在第三段的最后一句，沒有感覺相關(guān)內(nèi)容，所以需要向前找答案，再根據(jù)本段第一句話中的losingajob即可判定答案在第二句，因此選擇A選項(xiàng)。另我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)BCD三個選項(xiàng)趨于強(qiáng)烈和負(fù)面，所以，我們選擇A選項(xiàng)。25.B細(xì)節(jié)題。此題題根據(jù)選項(xiàng)定位。A選項(xiàng)根據(jù)大寫字母TheBritishwelfaresystem定位到最后一段的第三句，原文是“nolonger〞，選項(xiàng)與原文反向干擾。B選項(xiàng)根據(jù)Osborne’sreforms定位到第一段第二句，可以得出該工程可減少失業(yè)不安全，所以B為正確答案。C選項(xiàng)根據(jù)題干“thejobseekers’allowance〞定位到最后一段倒數(shù)第二句，該句提到“nofundamentalright〞，恰與C選項(xiàng)表意相反，所以C是反向干擾。D選項(xiàng)根據(jù)題干“conditional〞定位到最后一段最后一句，其中只提到“conditionalonactivelyseekingajob…〞，并沒有要說以后應(yīng)該假設(shè)何，所以屬于無中生有。26.D該題是因果細(xì)節(jié)題，考察細(xì)節(jié)。首先，根據(jù)段落定位原則模糊定位，定位到前幾段。其次，再準(zhǔn)確定位，題干中有關(guān)鍵詞“students〞“l(fā)aw〞“profession〞，回到原文尋找相關(guān)信息。第一段未發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)信息，然后到第二段看到“Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.〞與題干有重合之處，選項(xiàng)D是該句的同義替換。A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)根據(jù)原文個別詞匯“clients〞“inflation〞“big-firm〞等進(jìn)展干擾。注意，第一段的But是個假轉(zhuǎn)折詞，并非答案處。27.C該題是細(xì)節(jié)題，考察細(xì)節(jié)。首先根據(jù)段落定位原則定位到第三段。其次，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“thecostsoflegaleducation〞準(zhǔn)確定位到第三段第二句話“Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.〞問題是“whichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducation〞，因此定位句的下一句就是答案，即“ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsaccreditedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.〞分析選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)C恰當(dāng)概況了該句子的涵義。A選項(xiàng)利用三段末尾的“Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.〞進(jìn)展干擾。B選項(xiàng)無中生有。D選項(xiàng)根據(jù)四段最后一句出現(xiàn)的“training〞個別詞匯進(jìn)展干擾。28.B該題是原因細(xì)節(jié)題，問來源。首先段落定位原則定位到第四段。其次，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“thereformofthelegalsystem〞定位到第二句“Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.〞選項(xiàng)B即為該句的同義替換。29.A該題為因果細(xì)節(jié)題，問原因。根據(jù)段落定位原則定位至倒數(shù)第二段。其次，題干中出現(xiàn)“theguild-likeownershipstructure〞，準(zhǔn)確定位到第二句“ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.〞此外，在該段最后一句提到“…keepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.〞從而可以得出答案選A。30.C該題為文章主旨題，考察文章中心。該篇文章屬于問題解決型文章，前5段均在說美國法律職業(yè)存在的問題，最后一段提出了解決措施“allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.〞。因此，該篇屬于問題解決型文章，選C。其他幾個選項(xiàng)均為文中的個別細(xì)節(jié)，以偏概全。31.A為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的FundamentalPhysicsPrize可以定位到第一段，但除此之外就沒有其他細(xì)節(jié)提示信息了，所以我們只能根據(jù)幾個選項(xiàng)去定位，分別根據(jù)選項(xiàng)中的entrepreneurs、NobelPrize、investment、reward去定位，在第一段末句找到了與A選項(xiàng)相一致的句子，則判定A選項(xiàng)正確。32.B為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的critics定位到第三段，可知第二段沒有出題，從第三段第二句可以得出本道題的正確選項(xiàng)，whohavemadetheircareersinresearch即為B選項(xiàng)中的Thefounders。33.D為細(xì)節(jié)題。本道題如果從題干中看更像是例證題，但題目中說道thecaseinvolves即問例子本身，所以為一道細(xì)節(jié)題。我們在第四段倒數(shù)第三句中找到了Higgsboson，定位到本句可以得知natureofmodernresearch---aswellasdemonstratedby……即為本道題正確答案。34.A為判斷題。此類題型是考試中的一個難點(diǎn)，在題干中提示信息非常少，所以我們需要根據(jù)每個選項(xiàng)分別定位。A選項(xiàng)的durance定位到本段最后一句time。B選項(xiàng)根據(jù)legitimacy定位到第一句。C選項(xiàng)沒有提到。D選項(xiàng)從最后一段可以驗(yàn)證確實(shí)是收到了質(zhì)疑，B選項(xiàng)和原文不符，可以得知答案為A。35.A為主旨題。此題屬于作者觀點(diǎn)，出在最后一段則說明更多表達(dá)了文章的主旨，因?yàn)檫€有一個段落對應(yīng)，則我們可以在最后一段找答案，根據(jù)題干中的award我們可以得知全文的最后一句明確表達(dá)了作者的觀點(diǎn)，應(yīng)選A。36.A該題是細(xì)節(jié)態(tài)度題。并非考察全文的態(tài)度，也就是說要細(xì)節(jié)定位。根據(jù)題干定位原則，定位第一段AAAS出現(xiàn)之處，并且一定要找到表示評價(jià)的局部。該題迷惑性很強(qiáng)，因?yàn)槲恼略贏AAS后面就又〞praise〞所以容易誤導(dǎo)大家選擇答案B“appreciative(欣賞的)〞，但是我們應(yīng)該看到有however，我們知道如果第一段出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折，那此轉(zhuǎn)折一定跟主旨有關(guān)。同時(shí)各個題都與主旨相關(guān)，所以這道題應(yīng)該于主旨相關(guān)，后文中的“maycausemoreharmthangood.〞讓我們知道它的還多余利，所以答案選擇A，批判性的。37.C細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)自然段定位原則，36題在第一段出題，38題在第三段出題，那37題在第二段出題的可能性就很大。同時(shí)題干定位〞InfluentialfiguresintheCongress〞與“l(fā)eadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicans〞同義替換。定位的答案是askingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateand…..,individualbenefactorsandothers"to"askingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateandlocalgovernments,universities,foundations,educators,individualbenefactorsandothers"to"maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation.“Inhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation.“也就是說答案重點(diǎn)在maintainnationalexcellence剛好與選項(xiàng)C中的leadingposition進(jìn)展同義替換。ABD與文章不符合。38.C推理題。Suggest是推理題的標(biāo)志。先化選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞，發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)A是講Americanhistory選項(xiàng)B;是講theoreticalsubjects;選項(xiàng)C]emergingtechnologies;選項(xiàng)Dfundingforeignlanguages。返回原文定位的時(shí)候，A選項(xiàng)中的“exclusive排外〞并沒有在“stressesthestudyofhistoryandgovernment,particularlyAmericanhistoryandAmericangovernment;〞這句話中表達(dá)。B選項(xiàng)中的理論學(xué)科沒有定位點(diǎn)。D選項(xiàng)與原文“increasedfundingforteachers〞以及“greaterstudyofforeignlanguages,〞不符。屬于張冠李戴?！癳ncouragestheuseofnewdigitaltechnologies.〞與選項(xiàng)C同義替換。39.B屬于推理題。Implies是推理題的標(biāo)志。同時(shí)根據(jù)提題干定位第五段，找professor.“professorsroutinel