語法06 非謂語動(dòng)詞之動(dòng)名詞（講義）

?第06講非謂語動(dòng)詞之動(dòng)名詞（講義）【考情分析】從近三年中考卷可以看出，對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞中動(dòng)名詞的考查是必考點(diǎn)，主要是考查動(dòng)名詞作主語、賓語和定語等。但是題目的設(shè)置更加注重語境以及情景化和結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜化，加大了考生對(duì)題干的理解難度。因此，2024年中考備考要掌握動(dòng)名詞相關(guān)用法，熟悉動(dòng)名詞的常用搭配。動(dòng)名詞題型命題規(guī)律非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)名詞是歷年中考常考知識(shí)點(diǎn)。從考查形式看，一般有單項(xiàng)選擇、完形填空、詞語運(yùn)用等。所占分值通常為2～3分。從命題意圖看，側(cè)重考查考生的具體語言環(huán)境中使用非謂語動(dòng)詞的能力?！揪W(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建】構(gòu)成：（to）+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞不定在句中的作用（主、賓、表、賓補(bǔ)、定、狀）非謂構(gòu)成：V.-ing語動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)用法（主、賓、表、定）詞構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在分詞doing分詞過去分詞done用法（表、補(bǔ)、定、狀）考向一動(dòng)名詞的形式和特征夯基必備基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)梳理動(dòng)名詞是非謂語動(dòng)詞的一種，它由動(dòng)詞原形加-ing構(gòu)成，形式上與現(xiàn)在分詞相同。動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的特征，可以有自己的賓語或狀語，并與其一起構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語，又具有名詞、形容詞及副詞的特征，在句中可作句子的主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、同位語、定語等成分，但不能作謂語，因此稱動(dòng)名詞為非謂語動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成：動(dòng)名詞一般由“動(dòng)詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成考向二動(dòng)名詞的句法功能（1）作主語動(dòng)名詞作主語，放在句子的前面，但當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語較長時(shí)，為了使句子保持平衡，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放到句子的末尾。如：Readingmakesamanperfect.閱讀使人完美。Findingworkisdifficultthesedays.現(xiàn)在找工作很困難。It'snousewaitingforanotherhour.再等一個(gè)小時(shí)也沒用。注意：①it作形式主語，動(dòng)名詞作真正的主語的常用句型：Itisawasteoftimedoingsth...做……是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。Itisnogood/nousedoing...做……是不好的/沒用的。Itishardly/scarcelyworthdoing...做……不值得。Itisworth/worthwhiledoing...做……是值得的。如：Itisnogoodreadinginthesun.在陽光下看書是不好的。Itisuselessrememberingwordsonly.只記單詞是沒有用的。Itisawasteoftimedoingsuchathing.做這種事情是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。Itisworthdiscussingtheproblem.討論這個(gè)問題是值得的。②動(dòng)名詞作主語常用于therebe句型。如：Thereisnopointdoingsuchasillything.做這樣一件傻事毫無意義。Thereisnostoppinghim.無法阻止他。③動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：Talkingmendsnoholes.空談無濟(jì)于事。Noddingtheheadmeansagreement.點(diǎn)頭意味著同意。（2）作賓語動(dòng)名詞作賓語，既可用于及物動(dòng)詞和短語動(dòng)詞后作賓語，也可用于介詞后作介詞的賓語。如：Heenjoysreadingstories.他喜歡讀故事。Idislikeplayingcards.我不喜歡打牌。Haveyoufinishedreadingthebook？你看完這本書了嗎？Theyarepracticingsingingthenewsong.他們正在練習(xí)唱新歌。Hegotdowntoworkingassoonashegottotheoffice.他一進(jìn)入辦公室就開始工作。Hehurriedtoschoolwithouthavingbreakfast.他沒吃早飯就匆匆去了學(xué)校。Howaboutgoingforapicnic？去野餐怎么樣？注意：①并不是所有的及物動(dòng)詞都可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，動(dòng)名詞只能做某些及物動(dòng)詞及短語動(dòng)詞的賓語?？梢杂脛?dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞常用的有：enjoy，finish，spend，mind，keep，practice，stop，admit，advise，allow，avoid，dislike，miss，suggest可以用動(dòng)名稱作賓語的短語動(dòng)詞有：can'thelp，giveup，keepon，feellike，carryon，putoff，insiston，getdownto，lookforwardsto，be/getusedto等。②下列動(dòng)詞或形容詞want，require，need，worth后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)，主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。如：Thebookisworthreading.這本書值得讀。Thehouserequiresrepairingatonce.這座房子需要馬上維修。③除介詞besides，but，except后跟不定式作介詞賓語外，其他介詞一般都須跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語。如：Youmustfinishyourworkbeforegoingtotheconcert.你必須在去聽音樂會(huì)之前把工作完成。Onseeinghermother，thelittlegirlbegantocryout.這個(gè)小女孩一看見她的母親就大哭了起來。（3）作表語動(dòng)名詞作表語，有兩種情況：①當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞具有名詞性質(zhì)時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞短語說明主語的內(nèi)容；②當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞具有形容詞性質(zhì)時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征。如：HisjobisteachingEnglish.他的工作是教英語。（說明工作的內(nèi)容）Hisjobisinteresting.他的工作很有趣。（說明工作的特征）注意：當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing的動(dòng)作是主語所發(fā)出時(shí)，句子不是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，而是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：HeisteachingJapaneseatthatschool.他在那所學(xué)校教日語。（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）（4）作賓語補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，放在賓語的后面。如：Iwatchedthemplayingvolleyballontheplayground.我看他們在操場上打排球了。Don'thaveyourgueststandingthere.不要讓客人站在那里。注意：用動(dòng)名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的常用動(dòng)詞有：①表示感覺、知覺的動(dòng)詞：hear，see，watch，notice，feel，lookat，listento等。如：Iheardhersinginginthenextdoor.我聽見她在隔壁唱歌。②動(dòng)詞find，get，have，keep，leave，send，suggest等。如：Ifoundthemissingboyplayingbytheriver.我發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)失蹤的男孩在河邊玩。（5）作定語動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語作定語，有的放在它所修飾的名詞之前，有的放在它所修飾的名詞之后。①單個(gè)的動(dòng)名詞作定語時(shí)，總是位于被修飾的名詞之前，說明被修飾名詞的目的、用途或特征。如：Chinaisadevelopingcountry.中國是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家。Wouldyoupleasegivemesomewritingpaper？請給一些書寫紙好嗎？②動(dòng)名詞后接名詞、代詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語作定語時(shí)，總是位于所修飾的名詞之后，說明名詞所處的狀態(tài)或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：TheboystudyingintheclassroomisLiLei.在教室里學(xué)習(xí)的那個(gè)男孩是李雷。Don'ttroublethedogsleepingoverthere.不要惹是生非。（6）作同位語動(dòng)名詞作同位語，位于同位的名詞之后，且跟前面的名詞用逗號(hào)隔開，表示前面名詞的內(nèi)容。如：Hisidea，helpingfarmersgetintheircrops，interestedusverymuch.我們對(duì)他那幫助農(nóng)民收割莊稼的想法很感興趣。Thegoal，makingtwothousandcarsthismonth，excitestheworkers.本月生產(chǎn)兩千輛小汽車的目標(biāo)使工人們很興奮?？枷蛉Ｒ姼鷦?dòng)詞的ing形式的情況總結(jié)歸納動(dòng)詞：finishdoingsth.完成做某事；enjoydoingsth.喜歡做某事；practicedoingsth.練習(xí)做某事；imaginedoing,想象做某事；avoiddoingsth.避免做某事；considerdoingsth.考慮做某事；suggestdoingsth.建議做某事；minddoingsth.介意做某事；keepdoingsth.持續(xù)做我們可按下面的順口溜記憶這些詞。完成實(shí)踐值得忙（finish,practice,beworth,bebusy）繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄（keepon,beusedto,giveup）考慮建議不禁想（consider,suggest,can'thelp,feellike）喜歡思念要介意（enjoy,miss,mind）②固定短語：feellikedoingsth.喜歡做某事；bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事beworthdoing值得做某事；spendtime(in)doingsth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間（金錢）做某事；havedifficulty/trouble/problems(in)doingsth做某事有困難；havefundoing.做某事高興=3\*GB3③介詞后(on,in,of,about,at,with,without,for,from,up,by等)如：begoodatdoingsth=dowellindoingsth..；thankyoufordoingsth.；giveupdoingsth.；stop/keep/preventsb.fromdoingsth.；beafraidofdoingsth.；beinterestedindoingsth.；beproudof；insteadof；befondof=4\*GB3④to作介詞+doing1.lookforwardtodoingsth（盼望）2.payattentiontodoingsth.（注意）3.beusedtodoingsth.（習(xí)慣于）4.preferdoingsthtodoingsth.（更喜歡）5.devote......todoingsth（致力于）6.makeacontributiontodoing（做貢獻(xiàn)）提升必考題型歸納一、用所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空1．（2023·浙江·模擬預(yù)測）Nowadaysthevolunteersfromthecharityarebusy________moneyforthechildrenwhohaveinfantileautism(自閉癥).(collect)2．（2023·甘肅張掖·?？寄M預(yù)測）SeeingLindaarriveatthefinishingline,herclassmatescouldn’thelp_________(cheer)forherloudly.3．（2023·甘肅武威·?？寄M預(yù)測）After________(finish)doingyourhomework,youcanhaveagoodrest.4．（2023·甘肅隴南·模擬預(yù)測）Thanksalotfor________(invite)metoyourhouse.5．（2023·甘肅定西·校考模擬預(yù)測）Jackhasn’ttakenhispianolessonsforalongtime.Heisconsidering________(give)themup.6．（2023·遼寧盤錦·校聯(lián)考三模）Toavoid_________（hit）thetruck,heranintothewallandhisarmwasbadlyhurt.7．（2023·甘肅白銀·統(tǒng)考二模）Wouldyoumind________(close)thewindows?It’stoocold.8．（2023·甘肅定西·統(tǒng)考三模）Hestoppedhissonfrom________(play)gamesonthemobilephone.9．（2023·西藏日喀則·統(tǒng)考二模）Pleasestop________(cry),littleman!Ihaven’ttouchedyourtoothyet.10．（2023·甘肅平?jīng)觥そy(tǒng)考一模）Allofthestudentsstopped______(talk)whentheteachercameintotheclassroom.11．（2023·甘肅定西·統(tǒng)考二模）Allthestudentsarelookingforwardto________(meet)thefamoussinger.12．（2023·甘肅白銀·統(tǒng)考三模）Amypractices________(play)thepianotwiceaweek.13．（2023·黑龍江雞西·統(tǒng)考一模）I’llspendasmuchtimeasIcan________（help）inanoldpeople’shome.14．（2023·甘肅定西·統(tǒng)考一模）LiYiisinterestedinartandshepractices________（paint）everyday.15．（2023·云南昭通·統(tǒng)考二模）Everyoneplaysanimportantrolein________theenvironment.(protect)二、單項(xiàng)選擇16．（2023·浙江·模擬預(yù)測）—Thewindowisbrokenandneeds________.—Ithinkso.Theycanhardlykeepoutthecoldnow.A．repairing B．torepair C．repaired D．berepaired17．（2023·吉林長春·模擬預(yù)測）—Haveyoufinished________thepicture?—Notyet.Iambusythesedays.A．draw B．todraw C．drawing D．drew18．（2023·甘肅武威·校考模擬預(yù)測）—WhatdoyourememberaboutGradeSeven,Jane?—Iremember________theOldPeople’sHome.A．visit B．tovisit C．visiting D．visited19．（2023·四川瀘州·統(tǒng)考一模）Nobodycanavoid________mistakes.A．makes B．making C．tomake D．made20．（2023·江蘇徐州·?？级＃㏕hereisnodoubt________HarryPotterisworth________.A．whether;readingB．if;toread C．that;reading D．that;beingread21．（2023·上海黃浦·統(tǒng)考三模）I’mreallylookingforward________withyouontheproject.A．work B．towork C．working D．toworking22．（2023·海南?？凇そy(tǒng)考一模）—Ifeelreallytiredafterworkingforalongtime.—Whynotconsider________abreak?A．have B．tohave C．having23．（2023·吉林長春·統(tǒng)考二模）Ithink________notdifficult________Englisheverymorning.A．that;keepreadingB．it’s;tokeepreading C．that;tokeepread D．it;tokeeptoread24．（2023·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考一模）—Mr.Leeisananimal-lover.Hespendsasmuchtimeashecan________animals.—Heisatruefriendofanimals.A．protect B．protects C．toprotect D．protecting25．（2023·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考二模）Manystudentshavedifficulty________withtheirparents,whichcausestroubleintheirlife.A．communicate B．tocommunicate C．communicating D．communicated26．（2023·云南昆明·統(tǒng)考二模）—Wouldyoumindmy________here?—Betternot.Ifyoudothat,youwillbefined(罰款).A．smoke B．tosmoke C．smoking D．smokeing27．（2023·遼寧阜新·統(tǒng)考二模）IaskedUncleTomtostop________becausehedidn’tfeelwell.A．smoke B．smoked C．tosmoke D．smoking28．（2023·四川攀枝花·統(tǒng)考二模）I’msleepy.Iprefer________athometo________outforawalk.A．sleeping;going B．tosleep;go C．slept;go D．sleep;going29．（2023·四川廣元·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）Recently,________inpublicplacesisforbidden.A．smoke B．tosmoke C．smoked D．smoking30．（2023·湖南湘西·統(tǒng)考一模）Ioftenpractice________thepianointhemorning,butmyneighborsdon’tmind________thesound.A．play;hearing B．playing;hearing C．playing;tohear31．（2023·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考一模）Lookatthepicture.Whatgreatfunthechildrenarehaving________now!A．catchingfish B．tocatchfish C．feedingfish D．tofeedfish32．（2023·廣西柳州·統(tǒng)考二模）—Jim,doyouoftenshoponline?—Seldom.Ithink________overtheInternetisn’talwayssafe.A．paying B．pays C．pay33．（2023·湖北襄陽·統(tǒng)考一模）—Whatwouldyouliketodrink,teaorcoffee?—Well,Iusedtodrinkcoffee.ButnowI________tea.Ithinkteaishealthier.A．usedto B．a(chǎn)musedtodrink C．a(chǎn)musedtodrinking D．usedtodrinking34．（2023·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考二模）Ithinkweshouldspendasmuchtimeaswecan________inoursparetime.A．read B．toread C．reading D．toreading35．（2022·江蘇蘇州·?？家荒＃〩edevotedwhathepaidattention________itpossibleforwomen________bettereducation.A．tomaking;toreceive B．tomaking;toreceiving C．totomaking;toreceive D．totomaking;receive三、語法選擇（2023·廣東梅州·統(tǒng)考一模）Recently,aYunnangirldancinginfrontofhermother’sporkshopbecamepopularonline.Thegirl’snameisWuGangyun.Sheshowedgreat___36___indancingwhenshewasveryyoung.Shealwaysdreamedtobeadancerwhengrowingup.___37___Wu’smotherknewnothingaboutdancing,shesupportedherdaughter.ButWu’sfamilywasn’tvery___38___.Herparentsdidn’thaveenoughmoneytosendherto___39___professionaldancingschool.However,WuGangyunnevergaveupherlovefordancing.Shebegantowatchvideosaboutdancingonlineandthentaught___40___howtodance.Shewasnotonlytalentedbutalsohard-working.Shepracticed___41___whenevershewasfree.TheneighborsoftensawWudance___42___whenhermotherwasworkinginthesmallporkshop.Luckily,Wu’stalentattractedtheattentionofZhangPingandherhusband.Thewarm-heartedcouple___43___theirbesttohelppoorgirlsinYunnantocontinuetheirdancingeducationformanyyears.Later,withthehelpofthecouple,WuGangyunmadegreatprogress.Withseveral44___childrenfromherhometown,Wuevenperformed“TheWizardofOz”ontheCCTVstage.Theperformancewasahugesuccess.Weallhavethechancetomakeourdream_____45_____trueaslongaswenevergiveup.36．A．interest B．interesting C．interested D．interestingly37．A．But B．Although C．Or D．Because38．A．rich B．richer C．richest D．therichest39．A．a(chǎn) B．a(chǎn)n C．the D．/40．A．her B．hers C．she D．herself41．A．dance B．todance C．dancing D．danced42．A．happy B．unhappy C．happiness D．happily43．A．try B．havetried C．a(chǎn)retrying D．willtry44．A．others B．theothers C．other D．theother45．A．came B．come C．coming D．tocome真題感悟一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．（2022·青?！そy(tǒng)考中考真題）—Thedoctorsarebusy________howtodealwiththisdiseasethesedays.—Sotheyare.They’rereallyhard-working.A．discuss B．todiscuss C．discussing2．（2022·西藏·統(tǒng)考中考真題）________toomuchsweetfoodwillmakepeoplegetfat.A．Eating B．Eats C．Eat D．Ate3．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·中考真題）—MostteenagerslikehumorousTVshows.—Metoo.Ican’thelp________whenIwatchthem.A．laughing B．tolaugh C．laughed D．laugh4．（2022·上?！そy(tǒng)考中考真題）Theyoungplayerspendsfourhours_______volleyballeveryday.A．practise B．practising C．topractise D．practised5．（2022·貴州黔西·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Mostofthestudentsarelookingforwardto________themselvesaftertheexams.A．work B．working C．relax D．relaxing6．（2022·廣西玉林·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Safetycomesfirst!Everyoneshouldstopthekidsfrom________inthelakeorriver.—Lifeisvaluable.Kidsmustremember________theschoolrules.A．swim;tofollow B．swim;followingC．swimming;following D．swimming;tofollow7．（2022·廣西河池·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Iusuallyspendtime________inthelibraryonweekends.A．read B．reading C．reads D．toread8．（2022·黑龍江綏化·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Ifyouhavedifficulty________outtheproblem,youcanasktheteacherforhelp.A．work B．working C．towork9．（2022·黑龍江綏化·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Whatabout________thesongTogetherforaSharedFuture?Itsnameistheslogan(口號(hào))ofBeijing2022OlympicWinterGames.A．sing B．singing C．tosing10．（2022·黑龍江綏化·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Hollyprefersplayingthepianoto________theviolin.Listen!She________thepianoinherroom.A．play;isplaying B．playing;plays C．playing;isplaying二、用所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空11．（2023·江蘇淮安·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—ProfessorWangwillgiveusatalkonthehistoryofHuai’antomorrow.—Really?Ilookforwardto_________(attend)it.12．（2023·黑龍江·統(tǒng)考中考真題）WhenwelearnEnglish,wemustpayattentionto________(pronounce)thewordscorrectly.13．（2023·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·統(tǒng)考中考真題）TomanyChinesepeople,theprocessof______theSpringFestivaldinnertogetherismoreimportantthanthedinneritself.(prepare)14．（2023·四川達(dá)州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Theoldsaying“Afallintoapit,againinyourwit.”meansweshouldlearnfrommistakesandavoid________(make)thesamemistakesagain.15．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·中考真題）MostoftheChinesechosetostayathometopreventtheCOVID-19from________(spread)around.16．（2022·西藏·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Asforme,Iusuallypractice________(play)badmintontokeepfit.17．（2022·貴州六盤水·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Look!Jimishavingfun________(skate)inthesnow.Hethinksit’sgoodexercise.18．（2019·江蘇揚(yáng)州·中考真題）Ifthegoldensunshouldstop______itslight,justonesmilefromyouwouldmakemywholeworldbright.(shine)19．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古包頭·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Iremember__________mykeyintomybag,butnowit’snotthere!（put）20．（2022·江蘇無錫·統(tǒng)考中考真題）—Lily,Ihavedifficulty__________(read)comicstripsinEnglish.—Don’tworry.Let’sreadsometogether.21．（2022·江蘇泰州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）GuAilinghasagiftfor________(ski)andwonhighpraiseinBeijing2022OlympicWinterGames.22．（2022·甘肅武威·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Moreandmoreyoungpeopleenjoy________(read)poems.23．Mr.BlackhasbeeninChinaforthreeyearsandnowheisusedto________(eat)Chinesefood.24．（2022·湖南永州·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Whenplayinginthehallwaysstudentsshouldavoid________(push)eachother.25．（2021·江蘇淮安·統(tǒng)考中考真題）Volunteersinourcommunityarebusy______(get)readyforthecomingcharityshow.

?第06講非謂語動(dòng)詞之動(dòng)名詞（講義）考向一動(dòng)名詞的形式和特征夯基必備基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)梳理動(dòng)名詞是非謂語動(dòng)詞的一種，它由動(dòng)詞原形加-ing構(gòu)成，形式上與現(xiàn)在分詞相同。動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的特征，可以有自己的賓語或狀語，并與其一起構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞短語，又具有名詞、形容詞及副詞的特征，在句中可作句子的主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、同位語、定語等成分，但不能作謂語，因此稱動(dòng)名詞為非謂語動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)名詞的構(gòu)成：動(dòng)名詞一般由“動(dòng)詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成考向二動(dòng)名詞的句法功能（1）作主語動(dòng)名詞作主語，放在句子的前面，但當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語較長時(shí)，為了使句子保持平衡，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放到句子的末尾。如：Readingmakesamanperfect.閱讀使人完美。Findingworkisdifficultthesedays.現(xiàn)在找工作很困難。It'snousewaitingforanotherhour.再等一個(gè)小時(shí)也沒用。注意：①it作形式主語，動(dòng)名詞作真正的主語的常用句型：Itisawasteoftimedoingsth...做……是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。Itisnogood/nousedoing...做……是不好的/沒用的。Itishardly/scarcelyworthdoing...做……不值得。Itisworth/worthwhiledoing...做……是值得的。如：Itisnogoodreadinginthesun.在陽光下看書是不好的。Itisuselessrememberingwordsonly.只記單詞是沒有用的。Itisawasteoftimedoingsuchathing.做這種事情是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。Itisworthdiscussingtheproblem.討論這個(gè)問題是值得的。②動(dòng)名詞作主語常用于therebe句型。如：Thereisnopointdoingsuchasillything.做這樣一件傻事毫無意義。Thereisnostoppinghim.無法阻止他。③動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如：Talkingmendsnoholes.空談無濟(jì)于事。Noddingtheheadmeansagreement.點(diǎn)頭意味著同意。（2）作賓語動(dòng)名詞作賓語，既可用于及物動(dòng)詞和短語動(dòng)詞后作賓語，也可用于介詞后作介詞的賓語。如：Heenjoysreadingstories.他喜歡讀故事。Idislikeplayingcards.我不喜歡打牌。Haveyoufinishedreadingthebook？你看完這本書了嗎？Theyarepracticingsingingthenewsong.他們正在練習(xí)唱新歌。Hegotdowntoworkingassoonashegottotheoffice.他一進(jìn)入辦公室就開始工作。Hehurriedtoschoolwithouthavingbreakfast.他沒吃早飯就匆匆去了學(xué)校。Howaboutgoingforapicnic？去野餐怎么樣？注意：①并不是所有的及物動(dòng)詞都可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，動(dòng)名詞只能做某些及物動(dòng)詞及短語動(dòng)詞的賓語?？梢杂脛?dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞常用的有：enjoy，finish，spend，mind，keep，practice，stop，admit，advise，allow，avoid，dislike，miss，suggest可以用動(dòng)名稱作賓語的短語動(dòng)詞有：can'thelp，giveup，keepon，feellike，carryon，putoff，insiston，getdownto，lookforwardsto，be/getusedto等。②下列動(dòng)詞或形容詞want，require，need，worth后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)，主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。如：Thebookisworthreading.這本書值得讀。Thehouserequiresrepairingatonce.這座房子需要馬上維修。③除介詞besides，but，except后跟不定式作介詞賓語外，其他介詞一般都須跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語。如：Youmustfinishyourworkbeforegoingtotheconcert.你必須在去聽音樂會(huì)之前把工作完成。Onseeinghermother，thelittlegirlbegantocryout.這個(gè)小女孩一看見她的母親就大哭了起來。（3）作表語動(dòng)名詞作表語，有兩種情況：①當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞具有名詞性質(zhì)時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞短語說明主語的內(nèi)容；②當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞具有形容詞性質(zhì)時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征。如：HisjobisteachingEnglish.他的工作是教英語。（說明工作的內(nèi)容）Hisjobisinteresting.他的工作很有趣。（說明工作的特征）注意：當(dāng)動(dòng)詞-ing的動(dòng)作是主語所發(fā)出時(shí)，句子不是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，而是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：HeisteachingJapaneseatthatschool.他在那所學(xué)校教日語。（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）（4）作賓語補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，放在賓語的后面。如：Iwatchedthemplayingvolleyballontheplayground.我看他們在操場上打排球了。Don'thaveyourgueststandingthere.不要讓客人站在那里。注意：用動(dòng)名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的常用動(dòng)詞有：①表示感覺、知覺的動(dòng)詞：hear，see，watch，notice，feel，lookat，listento等。如：Iheardhersinginginthenextdoor.我聽見她在隔壁唱歌。②動(dòng)詞find，get，have，keep，leave，send，suggest等。如：Ifoundthemissingboyplayingbytheriver.我發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)失蹤的男孩在河邊玩。（5）作定語動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞短語作定語，有的放在它所修飾的名詞之前，有的放在它所修飾的名詞之后。①單個(gè)的動(dòng)名詞作定語時(shí)，總是位于被修飾的名詞之前，說明被修飾名詞的目的、用途或特征。如：Chinaisadevelopingcountry.中國是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家。Wouldyoupleasegivemesomewritingpaper？請給一些書寫紙好嗎？②動(dòng)名詞后接名詞、代詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語作定語時(shí)，總是位于所修飾的名詞之后，說明名詞所處的狀態(tài)或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如：TheboystudyingintheclassroomisLiLei.在教室里學(xué)習(xí)的那個(gè)男孩是李雷。Don'ttroublethedogsleepingoverthere.不要惹是生非。（6）作同位語動(dòng)名詞作同位語，位于同位的名詞之后，且跟前面的名詞用逗號(hào)隔開，表示前面名詞的內(nèi)容。如：Hisidea，helpingfarmersgetintheircrops，interestedusverymuch.我們對(duì)他那幫助農(nóng)民收割莊稼的想法很感興趣。Thegoal，makingtwothousandcarsthismonth，excitestheworkers.本月生產(chǎn)兩千輛小汽車的目標(biāo)使工人們很興奮?？枷蛉Ｒ姼鷦?dòng)詞的ing形式的情況總結(jié)歸納動(dòng)詞：finishdoingsth.完成做某事；enjoydoingsth.喜歡做某事；practicedoingsth.練習(xí)做某事；imaginedoing,想象做某事；avoiddoingsth.避免做某事；considerdoingsth.考慮做某事；suggestdoingsth.建議做某事；minddoingsth.介意做某事；keepdoingsth.持續(xù)做我們可按下面的順口溜記憶這些詞。完成實(shí)踐值得忙（finish,practice,beworth,bebusy）繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄（keepon,beusedto,giveup）考慮建議不禁想（consider,suggest,can'thelp,feellike）喜歡思念要介意（enjoy,miss,mind）②固定短語：feellikedoingsth.喜歡做某事；bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事beworthdoing值得做某事；spendtime(in)doingsth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間（金錢）做某事；havedifficulty/trouble/problems(in)doingsth做某事有困難；havefundoing.做某事高興=3\*GB3③介詞后(on,in,of,about,at,with,without,for,from,up,by等)如：begoodatdoingsth=dowellindoingsth..；thankyoufordoingsth.；giveupdoingsth.；stop/keep/preventsb.fromdoingsth.；beafraidofdoingsth.；beinterestedindoingsth.；beproudof；insteadof；befondof=4\*GB3④to作介詞+doing1.lookforwardtodoingsth（盼望）2.payattentiontodoingsth.（注意）3.beusedtodoingsth.（習(xí)慣于）4.preferdoingsthtodoingsth.（更喜歡）5.devote......todoingsth（致力于）6.makeacontributiontodoing（做貢獻(xiàn)）提升必考題型歸納一、用所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空1．（2023·浙江·模擬預(yù)測）Nowadaysthevolunteersfromthecharityarebusy________moneyforthechildrenwhohaveinfantileautism(自閉癥).(collect)【答案】collecting【詳解】句意：如今，慈善機(jī)構(gòu)的志愿者們正忙于為患有嬰兒自閉癥的兒童募捐。collect“收集”，bebusydoingsth.“忙于做某事”，動(dòng)名詞作賓語。故填collecting。2．（2023·甘肅張掖·校考模擬預(yù)測）SeeingLindaarriveatthefinishingline,herclassmatescouldn’thelp_________(cheer)forherloudly.【答案】cheering【詳解】句意：看到琳達(dá)到達(dá)終點(diǎn)線，她的同學(xué)們?nèi)滩蛔〈舐暈樗龤g呼。can’thelpdoingsth.“忍不住做某事”，固定搭配，所以此空應(yīng)填cheer”歡呼“的動(dòng)名詞cheering。故填cheering。3．（2023·甘肅武威·?？寄M預(yù)測）After________(finish)doingyourhomework,youcanhaveagoodrest.【答案】finishing【詳解】句意：做完作業(yè)后，你可以好好休息一下。after是介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞，故填finishing。4．（2023·甘肅隴南·模擬預(yù)測）Thanksalotfor________(invite)metoyourhouse.【答案】inviting【詳解】句意：感謝邀請我去你的家。根據(jù)橫線前是介詞“for”，所以應(yīng)是動(dòng)名詞inviting。故填inviting。5．（2023·甘肅定西·?？寄M預(yù)測）Jackhasn’ttakenhispianolessonsforalongtime.Heisconsidering________(give)themup.【答案】giving【詳解】句意：杰克已經(jīng)很久沒有上鋼琴課了。他正在考慮放棄它們。considerdoingsth.“考慮做某事”，空格處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式，故填giving。6．（2023·遼寧盤錦·校聯(lián)考三模）Toavoid_________（hit）thetruck,heranintothewallandhisarmwasbadlyhurt.【答案】hitting【詳解】句意：為了避免撞上卡車，他撞到了墻上，手臂受了重傷。avoiddoingsth“避免做某事”，為固定短語。故填hitting。7．（2023·甘肅白銀·統(tǒng)考二模）Wouldyoumind________(close)thewindows?It’stoocold.【答案】closing【詳解】句意：你介意關(guān)一下窗嗎？太冷了。minddoingsth.“介意做某事”，動(dòng)名詞作賓語。故填closing。8．（2023·甘肅定西·統(tǒng)考三模）Hestoppedhissonfrom________(play)gamesonthemobilephone.【答案】playing【詳解】句意：他阻止兒子玩手機(jī)游戲。stopsb.fromdoingsth.“阻止某人做某事”，故此處應(yīng)用play“玩”的ing形式。故填playing。9．（2023·西藏日喀則·統(tǒng)考二模）Pleasestop________(cry),littleman!Ihaven’ttouchedyourtoothyet.【答案】crying【詳解】句意：請別哭了，小家伙！我還沒碰到你的牙齒呢。結(jié)合語境可知此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞短語stopdoingsth表示“停止做某事”，動(dòng)詞cry的動(dòng)名詞為crying，在句中作賓語。故填crying。10．（2023·甘肅平?jīng)觥そy(tǒng)考一模）Allofthestudentsstopped______(talk)whentheteachercameintotheclassroom.【答案】talking【詳解】句意：當(dāng)老師走進(jìn)教室時(shí)，所有的學(xué)生都停止了說話。根據(jù)“whentheteachercameintotheclassroom”可知，此處指學(xué)生都停止了說話，stopdoingsth.意為“停止做某事”，故填talking。11．（2023·甘肅定西·統(tǒng)考二模）Allthestudentsarelookingforwardto________(meet)thefamoussinger.【答案】meeting【詳解】句意：所有的學(xué)生都盼望見到那位著名的歌唱家。lookforwardtodoingsth“期待做某事”，故填meeting。12．（2023·甘肅白銀·統(tǒng)考三模）Amypractices________(play)thepianotwiceaweek.【答案】playing【詳解】句意：艾米每周練習(xí)兩次鋼琴。practicedoingsth.“練習(xí)做某事”，固定搭配。故填playing。13．（2023·黑龍江雞西·統(tǒng)考一模）I’llspendasmuchtimeasIcan________（help）inanoldpeople’shome.【答案】helping【詳解】句意：我會(huì)花盡可能多的時(shí)間在老人院幫忙?？疾楣潭ň湫?。sb.spendsometimedoingsth.意為“某人花多長時(shí)間做某事”。故填helping。14．（2023·甘肅定西·統(tǒng)考一模）LiYiisinterestedinartandshepractices________（paint）everyday.【答案】painting【詳解】句意：李毅對(duì)藝術(shù)很感興趣，她每天都練習(xí)繪畫。practicedoingsth“練習(xí)做某事”，為固定短語，故填painting。15．（2023·云南昭通·統(tǒng)考二模）Everyoneplaysanimportantrolein________theenvironment.(protect)【答案】protecting【詳解】句意：每個(gè)人都在保護(hù)環(huán)境中發(fā)揮重要作用。protect“保護(hù)”，是動(dòng)詞，介詞in后加動(dòng)名詞作賓語。故填protecting。二、單項(xiàng)選擇16．（2023·浙江·模擬預(yù)測）—Thewindowisbrokenandneeds________.—Ithinkso.Theycanhardlykeepoutthecoldnow.A．repairing B．torepair C．repaired D．berepaired【答案】A【詳解】句意：——窗戶壞了，需要修理?！蚁胧堑?。它們現(xiàn)在幾乎不能御寒了?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)sth.needdoing=sth.needtobedone“某物需要被……”可知，此處可填動(dòng)名詞repairing用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義，或填不定式的被動(dòng)式toberepaired。故選A。17．（2023·吉林長春·模擬預(yù)測）—Haveyoufinished________thepicture?—Notyet.Iambusythesedays.A．draw B．todraw C．drawing D．drew【答案】C【詳解】句意：——你畫完這幅畫了嗎？——還沒有。這些天我很忙。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。finishdoing“完成做某事”，應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。故選C。18．（2023·甘肅武威·?？寄M預(yù)測）—WhatdoyourememberaboutGradeSeven,Jane?—Iremember________theOldPeople’sHome.A．visit B．tovisit C．visiting D．visited【答案】C【詳解】句意：——你還記得七年級(jí)的事嗎，簡？——我記得參觀過敬老院?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。remembertodosth.記得要做某事（未發(fā)生）；rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事（已發(fā)生）。根據(jù)“WhatdoyourememberaboutGradeSeven,Jane?”可知問是否記得已發(fā)生的事情，對(duì)此作答，用visiting。故選C。19．（2023·四川瀘州·統(tǒng)考一模）Nobodycanavoid________mistakes.A．makes B．making C．tomake D．made【答案】B【詳解】句意：沒有人能夠避免犯錯(cuò)誤?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。avoiddoingsth.“避免做某事”，動(dòng)名詞作賓語。故選B。20．（2023·江蘇徐州·?？级＃㏕hereisnodoubt________HarryPotterisworth________.A．whether;readingB．if;toread C．that;reading D．that;beingread【答案】C【詳解】句意：毫無疑問，《哈利波特》值得一讀?？疾橥徽Z從句和非謂語。thereisnodoubtthat“毫無疑問……”，是固定句型，that引導(dǎo)同位語從句；beworthdoingsth“值得做某事”，故選C。21．（2023·上海黃浦·統(tǒng)考三模）I’mreallylookingforward________withyouontheproject.A．work B．towork C．working D．toworking【答案】D【詳解】句意：我真的很期待和你一起做這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。考查固定搭配。根據(jù)短語lookforwardtodoingsth.“期待做某事”，固定搭配，可知，此處應(yīng)用介詞加動(dòng)詞ing形式。故選D。22．（2023·海南?？凇そy(tǒng)考一模）—Ifeelreallytiredafterworkingforalongtime.—Whynotconsider________abreak?A．have B．tohave C．having【答案】C【詳解】句意：——工作了很長時(shí)間，我感到很累?！獮槭裁床豢紤]休息一下呢？考查非謂語。considerdoingsth“考慮做某事”，動(dòng)名詞作賓語。故選C。23．（2023·吉林長春·統(tǒng)考二模）Ithink________notdifficult________Englisheverymorning.A．that;keepreadingB．it’s;tokeepreading C．that;tokeepread D．it;tokeeptoread【答案】B【詳解】句意：我認(rèn)為每天早上堅(jiān)持讀英語并不難?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞和代詞。that那個(gè)，it’s它是，it它；keepreading堅(jiān)持閱讀，keepdoingsth“堅(jiān)持做某事”，排除D項(xiàng)。It’s+形容詞+todosth表示“做某事是……的”，it是形式主語，todosth是真正主語。故選B。24．（2023·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考一模）—Mr.Leeisananimal-lover.Hespendsasmuchtimeashecan________animals.—Heisatruefriendofanimals.A．protect B．protects C．toprotect D．protecting【答案】D【詳解】句意：——李先生是一名動(dòng)物愛好者。他花費(fèi)盡可能多的時(shí)間來保護(hù)動(dòng)物?！莿?dòng)物們的真正的朋友?？疾閯?dòng)名詞作賓語。protect保護(hù)，動(dòng)詞原形；protects動(dòng)詞單三形式；toprotect動(dòng)詞不定式；protecting動(dòng)名詞形式。根據(jù)“Hespendsasmuchtimeashecan…animals.”可知此處應(yīng)是spend…doingsth“花費(fèi)……做某事”，故選D。25．（2023·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考二模）Manystudentshavedifficulty________withtheirparents,whichcausestroubleintheirlife.A．communicate B．tocommunicate C．communicating D．communicated【答案】C【詳解】句意：許多學(xué)生與父母溝通有困難，這給他們的生活帶來了麻煩。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。havedifficulty(in)doingsth“做某事有困難”，固定短語，所以空處用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。故選C。26．（2023·云南昆明·統(tǒng)考二模）—Wouldyoumindmy________here?—Betternot.Ifyoudothat,youwillbefined(罰款).A．smoke B．tosmoke C．smoking D．smokeing【答案】C【詳解】句意：——你介意我在這吸煙嗎？——最好不要。如果你那樣做，你會(huì)被罰款。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。mindone’sdoingsth.“介意某人做某事”，smoking“吸煙”，動(dòng)名詞。故選C。27．（2023·遼寧阜新·統(tǒng)考二模）IaskedUncleTomtostop________becausehedidn’tfeelwell.A．smoke B．smoked C．tosmoke D．smoking【答案】D【詳解】句意：我要求湯姆叔叔戒煙，因?yàn)樗杏X不舒服?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。stoptodosth.“停下來去做另一件事”；stopdoingsth.“停下正在做的事情”。根據(jù)“becausehedidn’tfeelwell”可知因?yàn)闇肥迨迳眢w不舒服，勸他戒煙，用stopsmoking。故選D。28．（2023·四川攀枝花·統(tǒng)考二模）I’msleepy.Iprefer________athometo________outforawalk.A．sleeping;going B．tosleep;go C．slept;go D．sleep;going【答案】A【詳解】句意：我困了。我更喜歡睡在家里，而不是出去散步。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。短語preferdoingAtodoingB表示“比起B(yǎng)，更喜歡A”，都接動(dòng)名詞形式。故選A。29．（2023·四川廣元·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）Recently,________inpublicplacesisforbidden.A．smoke B．tosmoke C．smoked D．smoking【答案】D【詳解】句意：最近，在公共地方抽煙是禁止的。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞辨析。分析句子成分，可知句子是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，smoke(吸煙)是動(dòng)詞，所以用動(dòng)名詞作主語。故選D。30．（2023·湖南湘西·統(tǒng)考一模）Ioftenpractice________thepianointhemorning,butmyneighborsdon’tmind________thesound.A．play;hearing B．playing;hearing C．playing;tohear【答案】B【詳解】句意：我經(jīng)常在早上練習(xí)彈鋼琴，但我的鄰居不介意聽到聲音?？疾榉侵^語。practicedoingsth練習(xí)做某事；minddoingsth介意做某事。兩空都填動(dòng)名詞作賓語。故選B。31．（2023·江蘇南京·統(tǒng)考一模）Lookatthepicture.Whatgreatfunthechildrenarehaving________now!A．catchingfish B．tocatchfish C．feedingfish D．tofeedfish【答案】A【詳解】句意：看這張照片。孩子們現(xiàn)在捕魚多有趣?。】疾閯?dòng)詞辨析和非謂語。catchfish捕魚；feedfish喂魚。根據(jù)圖片可知，孩子們在捕魚，又因?yàn)閔avefundoing“做某事有樂趣”，故選A。32．（2023·廣西柳州·統(tǒng)考二模）—Jim,doyouoftenshoponline?—Seldom.Ithink________overtheInternetisn’talwayssafe.A．paying B．pays C．pay【答案】A【詳解】句意：——吉姆，你經(jīng)常在網(wǎng)上購物嗎？——很少。我認(rèn)為通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)付款并不總是安全的?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。think后接賓語從句，從句缺乏主語，pay表示“付款”，是動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)有動(dòng)名詞形式作主語。故選A。33．（2023·湖北襄陽·統(tǒng)考一模）—Whatwouldyouliketodrink,teaorcoffee?—Well,Iusedtodrinkcoffee.ButnowI________tea.Ithinkteaishealthier.A．usedto B．a(chǎn)musedtodrink C．a(chǎn)musedtodrinking D．usedtodrinking【答案】C【詳解】句意：——你想要喝什么，茶還是咖啡？——好吧，我過去常喝咖啡。但是現(xiàn)在我習(xí)慣喝茶。我認(rèn)為茶更健康。考查動(dòng)詞辨析。usedto過去常常；beusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣于做某事。根據(jù)“Iusedtodrinkcoffee.Butnow...”可知，現(xiàn)在應(yīng)是習(xí)慣喝茶，故填beusedtodoingsth.。故選C。34．（2023·江蘇宿遷·統(tǒng)考二模）Ithinkweshouldspendasmuchtimeaswecan________inoursparetime.A．read B．toread C．reading D．toreading【答案】C【詳解】句意：我認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該花盡可能多的時(shí)間在我們的業(yè)余時(shí)間?？疾閯?dòng)名詞作賓語。spendsthdoingsth“花費(fèi)……做某事”，故選C。35．（2022·江蘇蘇州·?？家荒＃〩edevotedwhathepaidattention________itpossibleforwomen________bettereducation.A．tomaking;toreceive B．tomaking;toreceiving C．totomaking;toreceive D．totomaking;receive【答案】C【詳解】句意：他致力于他所關(guān)注的去使得婦女接受更好的教育成為可能?？疾閯?dòng)名詞和不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。第一空“payattentionto”是固定搭配，意為“注意”；devotetodoing“全身心投入到做某事”，因此第一空應(yīng)是totomaking；第二空是不定式結(jié)構(gòu)toreceive作真正賓語，it作形式賓語。故選C。三、語法選擇（2023·廣