專題42-名詞性從句考點運用(學(xué)生版)-(人教版2019)

名詞性從句考點運用目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。名詞可以充當(dāng)句子的主語、賓語、表語和同位語，因此，名詞性從句包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句。=1\*GB3①Whatwasmostimportanttoherwasherfamily.(主語從句)=2\*GB3②Idon’tknowwhatyouwanttosay.(賓語從句)=3\*GB3③Thegoodnewsisthatwehavewonthegame.(表語從句)=4\*GB3④Thenewsthatwehavewonthegameistrue.(同位語從句)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞：從屬連詞that,because疑問代詞who,whom,whose,which,what,whether,if疑問副詞when,where,why,how,縮合連接詞whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever,however,whenever,wherever關(guān)聯(lián)短語asif,asthough注意：連詞that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時無詞義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用，在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中不能省略，在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，口語或非正式的文體中常被省去；疑問代詞、疑問副詞、縮合連接詞以及關(guān)聯(lián)短語在句中既保留自己的含義又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)成分。名詞性從句一般都用陳述句的語序，即使從句表達(dá)的是疑問含義。例如：=1\*GB3①Theproblemiswhathehasdonetothelittleboy.=2\*GB3②Wealldon’tknowwhenhewillcome.一、明備考方向語法填空常考點短文改錯?？键c寫作常用句式1.連接代詞what,who(m)，whoever,which,whose等的用法；2.連接副詞when,where,why和how等的用法；3.連接詞that,whether和if的用法。1.連接詞that與連接副詞的混用；2.連接詞that與連接代詞的混用；3.連接詞that的缺失；4.連接代詞what,which,who等之間的混用；5.連接代詞與連接副詞的混用。1.It＋be＋名詞/形容詞/動詞的過去分詞＋that從句2.Itlooks/seemsasif...“好像……；仿佛……”3.Thisisbecause...“這是因為……(強調(diào)原因)”4.Thereasonwhy...isthat...“……的原因是……”5.Thatiswhy...“那就是……的原因(強調(diào)結(jié)果)”6.Thequestion/problemiswhether/when/where...“問題是……”7.Hisdream/suggestion/aim/purposeisthat...“他的夢想/建議/目標(biāo)/目的是……”8.What從句＋be＋that從句1.主語從句在復(fù)合句中作主語的句子叫主語從句主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether和連接代詞what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及連接副詞how,when,where,why等詞引導(dǎo)。例如：=1\*GB3①Thathestoleabikewastrue.=2\*GB3②Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.=3\*GB3③Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.=4\*GB3④WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.=5\*GB3⑤Whetherhecanpasstheexamdependsonwhetherhestudyhardornot.=6\*GB3⑥Whateveryoudoisnoneofmybusiness.=7\*GB3⑦Whoevercomestoourlibrarywillbewelcome.單個的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如果是兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語，謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：=1\*GB3①Whereandwhenhewasbornhasnotbeenfound.=2\*GB3②Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurderedarestillunknown.主語從句比較長的時候，為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主句的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：（1）It+be+名詞+主語從句。例如：=1\*GB3①Itisafactthathehasgoneabroad.=2\*GB3②Itisapitythatyoumissedthesportsmeetinglastweek.（2）It+be+形容詞+主語從句。例如：=1\*GB3①Itisobviousthathetoldalie.=2\*GB3②Itiscertainthathewillwinthegame.（3）It+be+過去分詞+主語從句。例如：=1\*GB3①Itissaidthatshewillcometothepartytomorrow.=2\*GB3②Ithasnotbeenannouncedwhentheplanearetotakeoff.（4）It+不及物動詞+主語從句。例如：=1\*GB3①Ithappenedthatthemeetingwascanceledthatday.=2\*GB3②ItoccurredtomethatIhadforgottentobringmywallet.注意:在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣(should)+do，常用的句型是：Itisnecessary/important/natural/strange/essential,etc.)that…例如：=1\*GB3①It’snecessarythatyoushouldstudyhard.=2\*GB3②Itisstrangethatheshouldsaythat.=3\*GB3③Itisessentialthatacollegestudentshouldmasteratleastaforeignlanguage.2.賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。例如：=1\*GB3①Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.=2\*GB3②Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.=3\*GB3③Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.1).由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去。但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。例如：Hehastoldme(that)hewillleaveWuhanandthathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.注意:在insist,suggest,advise,decide,demand,desire,require,request,order,command等表示“堅持、建議、決定、要求、命令”（“堅決要命”）等意義的動詞后，賓語從句中謂語部分常用虛擬語氣，即should+動詞原形。例如：=1\*GB3①Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.=2\*GB3②Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.但是,如果suggest作“表明、暗示”講,insist作“堅持說、堅持認(rèn)為”講，則其后的賓語從句中用陳述語氣。例如：=1\*GB3①Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathehadpassedtheexamination.=2\*GB3②Theboyinsistedthathehadnotstolenthemoney.2).用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句whether和if均可引導(dǎo)動詞后的賓語從句，常可互換。但從句中有ornot時或介詞后的賓語從句中只能用whether連接。其它名詞性從句，如主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中表示“是否”只用whether.介詞后的賓語從句一般不用which和if引導(dǎo)，要用whether和what。that也很少引導(dǎo)介詞賓語從句，只在except,but,besides等之后才用。例如：=1\*GB3①Idon’tcareaboutwhetheryouhavemoneyornot.=2\*GB3②Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.=3\*GB3③Heseldomloseshistemperexceptthatyoumakeafoolofhim.3).賓語從句中的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)賓語從句的謂語動詞時態(tài)受主句謂語動詞的影響，如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句中的謂語動詞可以用各種時態(tài)。例如：=1\*GB3①IknowthathestudiesEnglisheveryday.=2\*GB3②IknowthathestudiedEnglishlastterm.=3\*GB3③Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.=4\*GB3④WeallknowthathehasstudiedEnglishsince1998.如果主句中的謂語動詞用了一般過去時，則從句中的語動只能用過去時的某種形式，如一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時等。例如：=1\*GB3①Webelievedthathehadearnedenoughmoneytobuildahouse.=2\*GB3②TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica．當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例如：Theteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeast.4).當(dāng)主句是I/Wethink(suppose,expect,believe,guess,imagine)時，其后的賓語從句如果是否定形式，常把否定詞not從從句中轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中成為否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。例如：=1\*GB3①Wedon’tbelievethathewillwinthegame.=2\*GB3②Idon’tthinkhewilldoso.注意：doubt用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面用whether/if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)或疑問結(jié)構(gòu)時，后面用that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。besure用于肯定句或疑問句時，后接that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句；用于否定句時，后接whether/if引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。例如：=1\*GB3①Idoubtwhetherhewillcometomorrow.=2\*GB3②Thereisnodoubtthathewillcometomorrow.=3\*GB3③Iamsurethathewillwinthegame.=4\*GB3④Iamnotsurewhetherhewillwinthegame.3.表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的句子叫表語從句。表語從句常放在系動詞之后。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用asif,because引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+系動詞+表語從句。例如：=1\*GB3①Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.=2\*GB3②That’sjustwhatIwant.=3\*GB3③Thisiswhereourproblemlies.=4\*GB3④Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.=5\*GB3⑤Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.=6\*GB3⑥Thisisbecausehemissedthetrainbyoneminute.注意：當(dāng)主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如：Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.4.同位語從句在復(fù)合句中作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。同位語從句用于解釋說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名詞后,如news,idea,information,fact,hope,thought,belief等，用來說明名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容，引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞通常有that,whether和連接副詞when,where,why,how；連接代詞who，what，whose，which也可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句。例如：=1\*GB3①Thenewsthathewonthefirstplacewastrue.=2\*GB3②Itisaquestionhowhedidit.=3\*GB3③Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.=4\*GB3④Wehaven’tsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.=5\*GB3⑤Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.=6\*GB3⑥Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.同位語從句一般緊跟在被解釋的名詞之后，但有時候也可以分開，將從句放在句末。例如：=1\*GB3①Thesuggestioncamefromthechairmanthatthenewruleshouldbeadopted.=2\*GB3②WordcamethatMr.Presidentwouldcomeandinspectourschool.5.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別

（1）定語從句修飾限定先行詞，它與先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語從句解釋說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，它與先行詞是同位關(guān)系。

=1\*GB3①The

plane

that

has

just

taken

off

is

for

Paris.

（定語從句）

=2\*GB3②The

fact

that

he

has

died

is

quite

clear.

（同位語從句）

（2）定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)相應(yīng)的句子成分，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時經(jīng)?？墒÷浴Ｍ徽Z從句主要由連詞that

引導(dǎo)，在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分；where,

when,

how,

who,

whether,

what

等連詞也可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句，這些連詞則在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。

=1\*GB3①The

news

that

he

told

me

is

true.

（定語從句）=2\*GB3②The

news

that

he

has

just

died

is

true.

（同位語從句）=3\*GB3③The

problem

that

we’re

facing

now

is

how

we

can

collect

so

much

money.

(定語從句)=4\*GB3④The

problem

how

we

can

collect

so

much

money

is

hardto

solve.

（同位語從句）=5\*GB3⑤The

question

that

he

raised

puzzled

all

of

us.

（定語從句）=6\*GB3⑥The

question

whetherheissuretowinthegameishardtoanswer.（同位語從句）

（3）同位語從句與先行詞一般可以用be動詞發(fā)展成一個完整的句子,

而定語從句則不能。如：

=1\*GB3①Theideathatwecanasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.（同位語從句）→The

idea

is

that

we

can

ask

the

teacher

for

advice.

=2\*GB3②The

fact

that

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun

is

known

to

all.

（同位語從句）

→The

fact

is

that

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun.

=3\*GB3③Pay

attention

to

the

problem

how

we

can

protect

the

wild

animals.

（同位語從句）

→The

problem

is

how

we

can

protect

the

wild

animals.1.Wenowrealize________importantfamilyisandhowimportanttobenearthem,especiallywhenyou’reraisingchildren.2.Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses,intrainstationsandcoffeeshops.________findstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.3.Thejourneywasintendedtoachievemorethan________CaptainRobertFalconScotthaddone.4.Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonis________onecanbeentirelydust.5.Scientistsarestillnotexactlysure________genesinfluenceaging,buttheybelievethattheydo.6.Itisoftenthecase________anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.7.Youhavetoknow________you'regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.8.Itrulybelieve________beautycomesfromwithin.9.Wemustfindout________Karliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim.10.Theexhibitiontellsus________weshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.11.Ashipinharborissafe,butthat'snot________shipsarebuiltfor.12.Exactly________thepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain，butitwasprobablyaround1565.二、攻重點難點(一)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接代詞(如what)，連接副詞(如when)，連接詞(that,if,whether)的用法和區(qū)別解答名詞性從句中連接詞的選用題目時，可采用“句子翻譯法”，即看空缺處在句中是什么意思，充當(dāng)什么成分。若在從句中不作成分只起引導(dǎo)作用，用that；若表達(dá)“是否”意義，用if/whether；若充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語或定語，用連接代詞；若充當(dāng)狀語，則用連接副詞。Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么時候回到家。ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.他想到瑪麗可能生病了。(二)連接代詞who/whom,what,which與whoever/whomever,whatever,whichever的用法和區(qū)別在這兩類連接詞中，前面三個連接詞在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時依然帶有疑問的語氣和含義，分別表示“誰”“什么”和“哪一個”。后面三個連接詞則表示“無論……”的含義，并帶有具體的針對性，不帶疑問的語氣和含義。Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.問題是我們找誰去替代她。Whoeverdiditshouldbepunished.無論是誰干的都應(yīng)當(dāng)受到懲罰。(三)虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的使用一般來說，在某些特定動詞后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用“should＋動詞原形”，should可省略。常見的這類動詞有“一個堅持”(insist)；“兩個命令”(order,command)；“三個建議”(suggest,advise,recommend)；“四個要求”(desire,require,demand,request)；“外加一個敦促”(urge)。Iinsistthatshe(should)doherworkalone.我堅持她應(yīng)當(dāng)單獨做她的工作。Thecommanderorderedthattroops(should)setoffatonce.司令員命令部隊馬上出發(fā)。(四)同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別同位語從句的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，用來解釋說明前面名詞(短語)的內(nèi)容，常見的名詞(通常是抽象名詞)有idea,thought,fact,evidence,belief,doubt,fear,hope,proposal,truth,news,possibility等；定語從句的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，充當(dāng)定語用來修飾主句中的某個名詞或代詞。Thenewsthatourfootballteamwonthematchwastrue.(同位語從句)我們足球隊贏了那場比賽的消息是真的。Thenews(that)weheardontheradiowastrue.(定語從句)我們在收音機里聽到的那則消息是真的。三、練高頻題點Ⅰ.語法填空題點全練1．I'mnotsureismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.2．Thisismyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.3．Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.4．Earthquakesworrypeoplealot.Thereasonisweoftendonotknowwhentheyarecoming.5．Successpartiallydependsonyouhavethepatiencetodosimplethingsperfectly.6．Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisisabout71%ofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.7．Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertellcloseyoumaybetovictory.8．Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbeliefyouarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.9．Finally,keepinmindtherearemanythingsthatcan'tbelearntimmediately,andneverbefrustratedwhenyoufailinoneortwoexams.10．MrWhiteisopposedtorepairingtheoldbuilding,andthat'sIdon'tagree.Ⅰ.完成句子并改寫1．大家的確都知道的是窮人都喜歡她，因為她總是幫助那些需要錢的人。Allthattheydidknowwasthatshewaslovedbypoorpeoplebecauseshealwayshelpedthosewhowasinneedofmoney.→What_they_did_knowwasthatshewaslovedbypoorpeoplebecauseshealwayshelpedwhoever_was_in_need_of_money.(用名詞性從句改寫)2．她今天早晨來晚了，因為她不得不照顧她生病的女兒。Shecameherelatethismorning,because_she_had_to_look_afterhersickdaughter.→The_reason_whyshecameherelatethismorningwas_that_she_had_to_look_afterhersickdaughter.(用名詞性從句改寫)3．我姐姐的夢想是擁有自己的商店，在里面她可以做自己最喜歡的蛋糕。Mysister'sdreamistohave_her_own_shop_in_which_she_can_make_her_favourite_cakes.→Mysister'sdreamis_that_she_has_her_own_shop_in_which_she_can_make_her_favourite_cakes.(用名詞性從句改寫)4．看到這個女孩，我很吃驚。Iwassurprisedtoseethegirl.→What_surprised_mewastoseethegirl.(改為主語從句)→Isawthegirl,which_surprised_me.(改為定語從句)5．眾所周知，2020年奧運在東京舉行。As_is_known_to_us_all/As_we_all_know,_the2020OlympicGamestookplaceinTokyo.(用定語從句翻譯)→What_is_known_to_us_all_is_thatthe2020OlympicGamestookplaceinTokyo.(用主語從句改寫)→It_is_known_to_us_all_thatthe2020OlympicGamestookplaceinTokyo.(用it作形式主語改寫)隨堂練習(xí)一Itwasahotsummerday1foundmerunningdownthestreetwithadollarinmysweatyhand.The2(close)IgottoSam&Joe'sStationeryStore,themoreexcitedIwas.Afterall,adollarwasatidysumforan11-year-oldboyin1961.

Outofbreath,Iswungopenthedoorandgotablastofcoldair3instantlycooledmeoff.Iwasinaplaceofpure4(happy).Iwentdirectlytothebarandorderedabottleofsoda.ThereIsat,consideringmynextmove.

Booksalwayscamefirst.Ipickedoutfivetitles.Nextcamethecandy,rowsandrowsofit.Ichosefivecandybars,5broughtmytotalto25cents.

Ihurried6(direct)tomybackyard,7anappletreepatientlywaitedforme.There,sittingintheshadeagainstitsstrongtrunk,Ireadmybooksandatemycandy.

AsIsatinmyown8(person)heaven,Istartedtothinkabouthavingmore.That's9afantasticlife-changingideapoppedintomyhead:10Icouldgetmoremoney,IcouldbuyanythingIwanted.That'showitallstarted.

二Itwasreported1therewasanaccidentatthecornerofRomanStreetthismorning.Noonesaw2onearthhappenedthen.Acarranintoatruckbutfortunately,nobodygotinjured.3isresponsiblefortheaccidentisstillunderinvestigation.Thepoliceareuncertainabout4thedriverisguilty.5thepolice