2023年貴州省銅仁地區(qū)大學(xué)英語6級大學(xué)英語六級測試卷(含答案)

（2023年）貴州省銅仁地區(qū)大學(xué)英語6級

大學(xué)英語六級測試卷（含答案）

學(xué)校:班級:姓名:考號:

一、l.Writing(10題)

1.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowritea

compositiononthetopic"RechoiceofProfessions-ASocialProblem".You

shouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositiononthe

outline(giveninChinese)below:

1.下崗人員(laid-offpersonnel)面臨一個嚴(yán)肅的問題--再就業(yè)；

2.下崗人員要改變就業(yè)觀念，樹立堅強(qiáng)信心，重新就業(yè)；

3.人們要關(guān)心、幫助下崗人員，克服困難，爭取勝利，

2.1.大量民工流入城市

2.人們對民工大量流入城市所持的不同看法

3.我的觀點

RuralWorkers:AMixedBlessingfortheCity

3.Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitled

WhyICametoCollege.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingthe

outlinegivenbelow.

1.我為什么選擇讀大學(xué)；

2.現(xiàn)在讀大學(xué)是否值得；

3.結(jié)論。

4.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay

entitledSayNotoPiratedProducts.Youshouldwriteatleast150words

followingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.目前盜版的現(xiàn)象比較嚴(yán)重；

2.造成這種現(xiàn)象的原因及其危害；

3.我們應(yīng)該怎么做。

Usefulwordsandexpressions：

盜版：piracy(n.)

盜版產(chǎn)品:piratedproducts

知識產(chǎn)權(quán)：intellectualpropertyrights

侵犯版權(quán)：infringesb.'scopyright；copyrightinfringement

5.Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitled

CreditCardsinCollegeCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbased

onthechartandoutlinegivenbelow:

1.根據(jù)圖片描述某高校擁有信用卡的學(xué)生所占比例的變化

2.分析產(chǎn)生這些變化的原因

3.分如何看待信用卡令后在學(xué)生中的使用情況

5000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

cose

year200t200370042005

CreditCardsinCollegeCampus

6.Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthe

topicWealthandHealth.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushould

baseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninChinese)below:

1.有人認(rèn)為財富比健康重要；

2.也有人認(rèn)為健康比財富重要；

3.我的觀點是：

7.1.如今的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生面臨的職業(yè)選擇：興趣重要還是工資重要

2.你的觀點

3.結(jié)論

SalaryorInterest

8.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacomposition

onthetopicStudents*UnionandAssociations.Youshouldwriteatleast150

wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

1.簡述在大學(xué)里學(xué)生會和各種社團(tuán)的現(xiàn)狀

2.參加學(xué)生會和各種社團(tuán)對個人的有利之處

3.你對參加學(xué)生會和社匪活動的態(tài)度

9.Forthispart,youarcallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitled

FoodSafetyProblem.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.Followingthe

outlinegivenbelowinChinese:

1.我國食品市場存在的問題。

2.怎樣解決食品安全問題。

3.結(jié)論。

10.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritea

compositiononthetitle:HowtoTreatOurAgingPopulation?Youshould

writeatleast130wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.

1.中國已漸漸步入老齡化社會。（65歲以上的老年人已占全國人口的7%）

2.我認(rèn)為應(yīng)如何對待老年人群。（社會關(guān)愛與福利制度，家庭溫暖，社

區(qū)服務(wù)……）

3.我的結(jié)論。

HowtoTreatOurAgingPopulation

二、2.ReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning/10題）

11.

Airpollutionisthemostseriousproblemcausedbytheexistoftoomany

privateautomobiles.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.Greenbuildingtechniquesrequire.

A.architectstomakefulluseofsunlight

B.peopletoavoidusingelectricalappliances

C.architectstoemploylocallabors

0.businessmentoresistpoisonousbuildingmaterials

13.

Itmaybeinyourbodythatmakesyourunquicklyafteryouare

shockedbyadanger.

14.StudyStyles

Youknowwhetheryou'reamorningpersonoranightowl.Youknowwhether

you'reapickyeaterorahumangarbagepail.Butdoyouknowifyoulearn

betterbyreadingorbyhearing?...ifyou*vesurvivedschoolsofar,you

alreadyhavesomesortofstudyroutine-forbetterorforworse.Weasked

studentsalloverthecountryforthelowdownontheirmethodsofoperations,

andalsocollectedsomehard-wonadvice.Seeifyoucanrecognizeyourown

personalstudymethodonthelistbelowandlearnhowtostudyeffectively.

TheDreamer

Youmaysayyou'restudying.Youmayevenlooklikeyou'restudying.But

yourmindisintheclouds.Yourtestperformanceseldomreflectsthoselong

hoursyouspendatyourdesk,almoststudying.Kim,fromMontreal,says,

"WhenIgettothelibrary,Iendupsittingthereandpeople-watching."Cindy,

fromLafayette,Pennsylvania,says:"Personally,Itendtowriteeverything

downonflashcardssoIcanquizmyselflater.EveryoneelsethinksthatI'll

ace(成績?yōu)锳)theexam,butsometimesIfindmyselfspendingsomuchtime

writingdowneverylittledetailthatIdon'thavetimetoactuallystudy."

Warning:Ifyouspendalldaypretendingstudying,you*llpayallnight

crammingfbrreal.(Whatawasteofsocializingtime!)Thisyear'sresolution:

Stayontargetbysettinggoals(LikefourchaptersbyWednesday)andasking

yourfriendstotestyou.Also,tuneintoyourinterests:Ifyoufindyourself

drawingelaboratedoodlesinthemarginswhenyou'resupposedtobe

analyzingShakespeare,takedrawingclassesandsnapoutofyourdaydream.

TheGrind

Onelookingatyoursockdrawer,meticulously(非常細(xì)心地)arrangedin

rainboworder,suggestscontrol-freaktendencies.Youneverfailtodoafixed

amountofstudyingeachevening—andyourgoodgradesshowit.You

cautiouslyplotacoursetoconqueranunrulyassignment,andyourarely

breakyourroutine.Gretchen,fromChicago,describesherhard-coremethod:

"Icompletelyorganizeallofmynotes.Then,beforeIdoanythingelse,Iplan

outexactlyhowmanyhoursI'mgoingtostudyandhowlongIamgoingto

takebreaks.Thisway,Ialwaysstayontask.Ireadthroughmynotesandthen

highlightthethingsIdon'tknowwell,tocommitthemtomemory.0Butshe's

notdoneyet!"ThenIreadmyassignmentsagainandtakenotesandstudy

thesenotesthesamewayIstudiedmyclassnotes.'1Whew,Sarah,from

Scarsdale,NewYork,alsoconsidersherselfaworkerbee."Iplanmyworkso

thatthere*ssomethingIhavetodoeverynightoftheweek.Butwhenthere's

atest,I'lldoallmyassignmentsbeforetryingtodoanoverview.Studying

comeslastbecause1,11waituntilthelastminutetoeventrytoconcentrateon

somethingwithsolittlestructure."

Warning:Whileyourself-disciplinewillserveyouwellincollege(orthe

military),youmightwanttoaddmoreinspirationtoyourperspiration.No

amountofmemorization,orcolorcodingyournotebookswillhelpyouwrite

anoriginal,opinionatedessay-andyou'llbewritingplenty.Thisyear's

resolution:Varyyourroutineandthinkaboutyourowninsightsmore.After

readinganassignment,tryclosingyoureyesandrecallingwhatyoufound

interestingbeforebucklingdownwithyourimpeccablenotes.Andifyou've

gotahalfhourtospareinyourstudyschedule,trysomethingmessyand

creative,likewritingapoem.

TheSocialStudier

You'rethekindwholearnsoutloud.Youmakeyourwaytoenlightenment,so

studybuddiesareamust.Inschool,youremembermorefromhearingthe

lecturesthanfromdoingthereading.Roberta,fromPrinceton,NewJersey,

says:"IwenttoastudycounselortofindoutthatIlearnbestbylistening.It's

true:UntilIhearsomethingoutloud,it*snotreallyrealtome.WhenI'm

studyingandIdon*tunderstandsomethinginour

A.YB.NC.NG

15.

Crammerscanimprovetheirgradesbyaddinginformalbeforethe

overwhelmingpressureison.

16.

Whena"falserule'1isappliedtoyoursituation,.

A.itcanbeofnohelpwithyourproblem

B.itmaymisleadyoutoafalsedirection

C.itmaymakeyourproblemmorecomplicated

D.itmayofferyouabrand-newoutlook

17.

TheHeartCenterwarnpublic,concerningthe

amountofchocolateconsuming.

18.TheGreenCampus

Ifyouattendedthisyear'scommencement（畢業(yè)典禮）atWilliamsCollegein

westernMassachusetts,youprobablysampledthefreshfoodmadefrom

locallyproduced,hormone-freemilk.Youmighthavetriedtheorganicgreens

withediblecabbageblossomsorsampledthefreshasparagus（蘆筍）allfrom

nearbyfarms.Thesedishesnotonlytastedbetterthanstandardonesbutalso

savedfossilfuelsnormallyusedtoshipfoodlongdistances.Disposableplates

andcutlerywerenowheretobefound,reducingtrashby80percent.Andthe

raredisposableitemswereeco-friendly.nWeusedcompostablepaper'napkins

andbiodegradablestraws,"saysStephanieBoyd,whohelpedorganizethe

“greencommencement"aspartofherjobaschairofWilliams'sclimate-

actioncommittee.

Itwasnotonlyaimedtoimpressparents.Moreandmorecollegesaregetting

seriousaboutgoinggreen.InJune,284universitypresidentsrepresenting

someofthenation'smostinfluentialschoolsannouncedanagreement

pledgingtomaketheircampuses''carbonneutral'1.Themessagewasclear.

"We'resayingthatsustainabilityisnolongeranelective,"saysCornell

presidentDavidSkorton.Theirmotivationwasn'tmerelytoreduceenergy

consumptionandwaste.Asa$315billionsectoroftheeconomy-andone

thatwilltrainfutureleaders-highereducationhasaspecialresponsibilityto

encourageenvironmentalstewardship.Theuniversitypresidentshopethat

evenstudentswhodon'tpursueincreasinglypopularmajorsinenvironmental

studieswilllearnsimplyfrombeingonagreencampus,livingingreen

buildings,eatingsustainablefoodandabsorbingeverydaymessagesof

conservation.Andwhoknows?Far-reachingenvironmentalprogramsmay

createanairofexcitementthatattractsapplicants."Inthelongrun,students

willsay,whywouldIwanttogotoaschoolthatdoesn'tcareaboutthis?"says

MichaelCrow,presidentofArizonaStateUniversity,whichhas.madea

majorcommitmenttosustainability.

AtHarvard,goinggreenstartsbeforestudentsevenarriveoncampus,when

freshmenreceivemailingsurgingthemtobuyonlyenergy-efficient

refrigeratorsfortheirdormroomsandpurchasecompactfluorescent（發(fā)熒光

的）bulbs,whichuseanaverageof18Wattsapieceinsteadof75.Butsome

ofthemosteffectivelobbyingcomesfromstudentsthemselves.Harvardpays

20undergraduatestohelpgetthegreenmessageouttofellowstudentsina

funway.Thatmightmeanwhippingupacompetitionbetweenresidential

housestowinthecovetedGreenCupforthegreatestenergyreductionsand

biggestincreasesinrecycling.Oritcouldbeorganizingtrash-freedancesor

greenmovienights（"WhoKilledtheElectricCar?1*）withfreeicecreamfor

anyonewhobringsarecyclablebowl.Onedayayear,studentscollecttrash

fromHarvardYardandpileitintoasingleheap,called"MountTrashmore".

Thegiantmound（垛）remindsstudentshowmuchtheyarethrowingaway

andhowmuchwastetheycouldavoidbyrecycling.Studentsevencompete

tocomeupwiththebestecothemedcartoons.Thisyear'ssecond-placewinner

showedMarilynMonroewithhericonicbillowingskirtunderthecaption

winddoesgreatthings.Thefunaddsuptoserioussavings."Energyuseinthe

dormshasdecreased15percentoverthepastfewyears,andrecyclinghas

risen40percent/saysLeithSharp,headoftheHarvardGreenCampus

Initiative.

Atmanyschools,theconstructionofanewbuildingisanotherchancetopush

greensolutions."Whatmessagedoesaconventionalcampussend?"asks

DavidOrr,whoteachesenvironmentalstudiesatOberlin."Itsendsthe

messagethatenergyischeapandplentiful.nAtOberlinandothercolleges,

administratorsareseekingtoreversethatmessagewithenergy-efficient

buildings.TheLewisCenteratOberlin,openedin2000,wasoneofthefirsts.

It'spoweredentirelybysolararrays,whichproduce30percentmor

A.YB.NC.NG

19.GeoffreyHealholdsthattohavecompaniesrespondingtofinancial

incentivesratherthantheirownfeelingsisthe.

20.

WritersofMarkTwain'stimedoesnetseehimashighlyasthelaterwriters

do.

A.YB.NC.NG

三、3.ListeningComprehension(10題)

21.(32)

A.Theyfacethem.

B.Theyareinterestedinthem.

C.Theyacceptandenjoythem.

D.Theyignorethem.

22.聽力原文：Forcenturies,parrotshavebeenprizedpetsbecauseoftheir

strangetalentforimitatinghumanspeech.Theyareabletohearvocalranges,

memorizethetones,andthenrepeatwhattheyhaveheard.Oftenthisskillis

usedtoentertainpeople.Butrecently,anAmazonparrot,namedBaby,was

abletoputthisabilitytoworkbyhelpingpolicebreakupagangofburglars

responsibleforover$50,000inpropertytheft.

Babyhelpedthepolicetoidentifythegangofthieves.Arecentrobberyvictim

reportedtotheBaytown,Texaspolicethatherparrot,Babystartedacting

strangelyandsayingnewphrasesaftertherobbery.Beforetherobbery,Baby

hadonlyatwenty-eightwordvocabulary;afterwards,thebirdstartedsaying

theadditionalphrases"Comeback,Robert!"and"Comeon,Ronnie!".

Thepolicedetectivesweredelighted.Althoughonemanhadalreadybeen

arrested,RonnieandRobertwerethenamesoftheirtwotopsuspectswho

werebelievedtohaveaidedthefirstman.Underquestioning,thissuspect

explainedwhathadhappened.Whentherobbersenteredthehouse,theyheard

Babytalkingandthoughtthatsomeonewashome.RonnieandRobertbegan

runningaway,whilethethirdmanyelledforthemtocomeback.Baby

rememberedthisincidentandrecordedtheirvoicesinhermemory.

(33)

A.Avictim.B.Apolicedetective.C.Arobber.D.Apetbird.

23.

[B4]

24.(29)

A.Theyarewillingtodonatetheirfaces.

B.Theyareconcernedaboutmoralproblems.

C.Theywouldaccepttheideaoffacetransplant.

D.Theyhavenocluewhatfacetransplantmeans.

25.(28)

A.Thesmalleritis,theclevereritis.

B.Thesmalleritis,thelessitcosts.

C.It'ssmall,butstoresalotofinformation.

D.Ifsanewtoolwhichisusedincomputersonly.

26.(34)

A.Soap.B.Grain.C.Steel.D.Tobacco.

27.聽力原文：Sciencefictionisoneofthemostpopularbookstoday.

Hundredsoftitlesarepublishedeveryyearandarereadbyallkindsofpeople.

Furthermore,someofthemostsuccessfulfilmsofrecentyearshavebeen

basedonsciencefictionstories.Sciencefictionisnotafairlynew

developmentinliterature,itsancestorscanbefoundinbookswritten

hundredsofyearsago.Modernsciencefictionwritersdon'twriteaboutmen

fromMarsorspaceadventurestories.Theyaremoreinterestedinpredicting

theresultsoftechnicaldevelopmentsonscienceandthehumanmind;orin

imaginingfutureworldswhichareareflectionoftheworldwhichwelivein

now.Becauseofthistheirwritinghasobviouspoliticalundertones.Inanage

wheresciencefactfrequentlyovertakessciencefiction,thewritermayfindit

difficulttokeepaheadofscientificadvances.

(33)

A.Sciencefictionisnotafairlynewinliterature.

B.Sciencefictionisverypopularwithpeopletoday.

C.Sciencefictiononlydealswithterribleideas.

D.Manysuccessfulfilmsarebasedonsciencefictionstories.

28.(25)

A.Inall,fortytechniciansweresenttothelaunch.

B.Somespecializedtechniciansweresenttopreventaccidents.

C.A11thetechniciansoverlandweresenttoMarbllainsixRangeRovers.

D.Abouthalfasmanytechniciansascarsweresenttothelaunch.

29.

[B9]

30.(24)

A.Itmakestheworkersexcited.

B.Ithelpstoreduceworkers1complaint.

C.Itmakesworkersspendlesstimehavingtheirdinner.

D.Itmightmaketheproductionincrease.

四、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(3題)

31.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedby

somequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Doyouwanttoliveforever?Bytheyear2050,youmightactuallygetyour

wish-providingyouarewillingtoleaveyourbiologicalbodyandtakeup

residenceinsiliconcircuits.Butlongbeforethen,perhapsasearlyas2008,

lessradicalmeasureswillbeginofferingasemblance(夕卜表，偽裝)of

immortality.

Researchersareconfidentthattechnologywillsoonbeabletotrackevery

wakingmomentofyourlife.Whateveryouseeandhear,plusallthatyousay

andwrite,canberecordedanalyzedandautomaticallyindexed,andaddedto

yourpersonalchronicles.Bythe2030s,itmaybepossibletocaptureyour

nervoussystem'selectricalactivities,whichwouldalsopreserveyour

thoughtsandemotions.ResearchersattheLaboratoriesofBritish

TelecommunicationshavedefinedthisconceptasSoulCatcher.

SmallelectronicequipmentwillpavethewayforSoulCatcher.Itwoulduse

awearablesupercomputer,perhapsinawristwatch,withwirelesslinksto

microsensorsunderyourscalpandinthenervesthatcarryallfivesensory

signals.Sowearingavideocamerawouldnolongerberequired.

Atfirst,theSoulCatcher'scompanionsystem-theSoulReader-mighthave

troublecopyingyourthoughtincompletedetails.Evenin2030,wemaystill

bestrugglingtounderstandthebrain'sinternalworkings,soreadingyour

thoughtsandinterpretingyouremotionsmightnotbepossible.Butthese

signalscouldbeconservedfbrthedaywhentheycanbetransferredtosilicon

circuitstorejuvenatemindsaseverlastingentities.Researcherscanonly

wonderwhatitwillbeliketowakeuponedayandfindyourselfaliveinside

amachine.

Forpeoplewhochosenottoliveinsilicon,virtualimmortalitycouldstillease

thesenseoffutility（無用）thatnowhauntsmanypeople.Individualswould

knowtheirliveswouldnotbeforgotten,butwouldbepreservedasathread

inamultimediaquiltthatkeepsapermanentrecordofthehumanrace.And

futuregenerationswouldhaveamuchfullerunderstandingofthepast.

Historywouldnotbedominatedbyjusttherichandpowerful,Hollywood

stars,andafewelitethinkers.

Themainideaofthispassageisthat.

A.humanbeingslongforanimmortallife

B.peoplecanliveimmortallyastechnologydevelops

C.therearemanydifficultiesinmakingtheSoulCatcher

D.theinventionofSoulCatcherhasgreatsignificance

32.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsor

incompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestions

orcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Anindustrialsociety,especiallyoneascentralizedandconcentratedasthatof

Britain,isheavilydependentoncertainessentialservices:forinstance,

electricitysupply,water,railandroadtransport,theharbors.Theareaof

dependencyhaswidenedtoincluderemovingrubbish,hospitaland

ambulanceservices,and,astheeconomydevelops,centralcomputerand

informationservicesaswell.Ifanyoftheseservicesceasestooperate,the

wholeeconomicsystemisindanger.

Itisthiseconomicinterdependencyoftheeconomicsystemwhichmakesthe

poweroftradeunionsuchanimportantissue.Singletradeunionshavethe

abilitytocutoffmanycountries'economicbloodsupply.Thiscanhappen

moreeasilyinBritainthaninsomeothercountries,inpartbecausethelabor

forceishighlyorganized.About55percentofBritainworkersbelongto

unions,comparedtounderaquarterintheUnitedStates.Forhistorical

reasons,Britain'sunionshavetendedtodevelopalongtradeandoccupational

lines,ratherthanonanindustry-by-industrybasis,whichmakesawages

policy,democracyinindustryandtheimprovementofprocedureforfixing

wagelevelsdifficultto'achieve.

Thereareconsiderablestrainsandtensionsinthetradeunionmovement,

someofthemarisingfromtheiroutdatedandinefficientstructure.Some

unionshavelostmanymembersbecauseoftheirindustrialchanges.Others

areinvolvedinargumentsaboutwhoshouldrepresentworkersinnewtrades.

Unionsforskilledtradesareseparatefromgeneralunions,whichmeanthat

differentlevelsofwagesforcertainjobsareoftenasourceofbadfeeling

betweenunions.Intraditionaltradeswhicharebeingpushedoutofexistence

byadvancingtechnologies,unionscanfightfortheirmembers*disappointing

jobstothepointwherethejobsofotherunionmembersarethreatenedor

destroyed.TheprintingofnewspapersbothintheUnitedStatesandinBritain

hasfrequentlybeenhaltedbytheeffortsofprinterstoholdontotheir

traditionalhighlypaidjobs.

Tradeunionshaveproblemsofinternalcommunicationjustasmanagersin

companiesdo,problemswhichmultiplyinverylargeunionsorinthosewhich

bringworkersinverydifferentindustriestogetherintoasinglegeneralunion.

Sometradeunionofficialshavetobere-electedregularly;othersareelected,

orevenappointed,forlife.Tradeunionofficialshavetoworkwithasystem

of"shopsteward"inmanyunions,"shopstewardHbeingworkerselectedby

otherworkersastheirrepresentativesatfactoryorworkslevel.

Britain'sdependencyoncertainessentialserviceshasgreatlywidenedand

becomeakeyroleinthecountry's.

33.

TherelationshipbetweenIndiansandthewhiteswascompletelydestroyed

bythebattleat.

五、5.ErrorCorrection。題）

34.

[S5]

35.

[S4]

36.

[S9]

六、6.ErrorCorrection^題）

37.

[S6]

38.H叩atitis(肝炎)meansMinflammation(發(fā)火)oftheliver11,andits

mostcommoncauseisinfectedwithoneof5viruses,calledhepatitis[SI]

A,B,C,D,andE.Allofthesevirusescancauseanacutediseasewith

symptomslastingseveralweeksincludingyellowingoftheskinand

eyes,darkurine,extremefatigue,vomitingandabdominalpain.Itcan

takeseveralmonthsforayeartofeelfitagain.[S2]

HepatitisC(HCV)isthemostprevalentliverdiseaseintheworld.

TheWorldHealthOrganizationconsiderHepatitisCanepidemic.[S3]

BecauseHepatitisCcaninfectapatientfordecadesafterbeing[S4]

discovered,itisoftencalledthe"silent"epidemic.Accordingtothe

CenterforDiseaseControl(CDC),20-30%ofpeoplewithchronic

HepatitisCwilleventuallyfacelife-threatenedsymptoms.[S5]

Currently,itisestimatedthereareabout270to300millionpeople

worldwidewhoareinfectedwithHCV,4milHonofwhoareinthe[S6]

UnitedStates.TheprevalenceseemstobehighinEasternEuropethan[S7]

inWesternEurope.Inindustrializedcountries,HCVaccountsof20%[S8]

ofcasesofacutehepatitis,70%ofcasesofchronichepatitis,40%

ofcasesofend-stagecirrhosis(硬化)，60%ofcasesoflivercancer

and30-40%oflivertransplants.Theincidenceofnewsymptomatic

infectionsofHCVhavebeenestimatedtobe13casesoutof100,000[S9]

peopleannually.ForeveryonepersonthatisinfectedwiththeAIDS

virus,therearemorethanfourinfectedwithHCV.TheCDC(Center

forDiseaseControl)estimatesthattherearcupto26,000newHCV

infectionsintheU.S.everyyear,andforthatHepatitisCcauses10,000[S10]

to12,000deathseachyear.

[SI]

39.

[sio]

參考答案

1.RechoiceofProfessions—ASocialProblemNowadaysmoreandmore

personsareoutofwork.Theyarecalledlaid-offpersonnel.Theyarenow

confrontedwiththedifficultyofrechoiceofprofessions.Peoplemaydoubt

whytherearesomanypersonsbecomingunemployed.Willtheybeableto

beemployedagain?Howwilltheyadaptthemselvestothechangedsocial

environment?Isitnecessaryforthemtoaltertheirviewsofobtaining

employment?Tosolvealltheseproblemsweshouldhelpthemhaveaclear

understandingofthepresentsituationchangetheirviewsofrechoieeof

professionsbuildupafirmconfidenceinobtainingemploymentagain.

China'seconomyhasgrownrapidlyinthepastdecadessincetheadoptionof

thepolicyofreformsandopeningtotheoutsideworld.Investmentfrom

abroadhastakenrootinChina'seconomy.High-technologyhasbeenapplied

invariousfieldsandgreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina*ssocialist

economicstructure.Thisisalawofeconomicdevelopment.Itisadmittedthat

thedevelopmentofeconomywilleventuallybringaboutahighrateof

unemployment-aserioussocialproblem.Theproblemisnotwhytheyare

outofjobsbuthowtohelpthemovercomedifficultiesandfindjobsagainas

soonaspossible.Firstthegovernmentshouldcreatemoreopportunitiesfor

themtobeemployed.Secondtheyshouldchangetheirviewsofchoiceof

work.Theideathatonlyworkingingovernmentalofficesorinbigfactories

canberegardedasasuccessofbeingemployedmustbechanged.Thirdtobe

willingtodehardworkdirtyworkandeventheworkthatothersarereluctant

todo.Inawordallofusareobligedtoexpressourconcernloveandsupport

forthemandhelpthemgetovertheirdifficultiestowinsuccess.Rechoiceof

Professions—ASocialProblemNowadaysmoreandmorepersonsareoutof

work.Theyarecalledlaid-offpersonnel.Theyarenowconfrontedwiththe

difficultyofrechoiceofprofessions.Peoplemaydoubtwhytherearesomany

personsbecomingunemployed.Willtheybeabletobeemployedagain?How

willtheyadaptthemselvestothechangedsocialenvironment?Isitnecessary

forthemtoaltertheirviewsofobtainingemployment?Tosolveallthese

problems,weshouldhelpthemhaveaclearunderstandingofthepresent

situation,changetheirviewsofrechoieeofprofessions,buildupafirm

confidenceinobtainingemploymentagain.China'seconomyhasgrown

rapidlyinthepastdecadessincetheadoptionofthepolicyofreformsand

openingtotheoutsideworld.Investmentfromabroadhastakenrootin

China'seconomy.High-technologyhasbeenappliedinvariousfieldsand

greatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina'ssocialisteconomicstructure.This

isalawofeconomicdevelopment.Itisadmittedthatthedevelopmentof

economywilleventuallybringaboutahighrateofunemployment-aserious

socialproblem.Theproblemisnotwhytheyareoutofjobs,buthowtohelp

themovercomedifficultiesandfindjobsagainassoonaspossible.First,the

governmentshouldcreatemoreopportunitiesforthemtobeemployed.

Second,theyshouldchangetheirviewsofchoiceofwork.Theideathatonly

workingingovemmentalofficesorinbigfactoriescanberegardedasa

successofbeingemployedmustbechanged.Third,tobewillingtodehard

work,dirtyworkandeventheworkthatothersarereluctanttodo.Inaword,

allofusareobligedtoexpressourconcern,loveandsupportforthemand

helpthemgetovertheirdifficultiestowinsuccess.

2.RuralWorkers:AMixedBlessingfortheCityTheearly1990sfoundan

unprecedentedtideofruralworkersfloodingintobigcitiessuchasShanghai

GuangzhouandBeijing.AccordingtoarecentsurveyinShanghaialonethere

aremorethan2.5millionmigrantworkers.Thereisanambivalentfeeling

towardsruralworkers.Noonedeniestheimportantcontributionruralworkers

havemadetotheurbandevelopment.Theyhavedonemostofdirtydangerous

andunderpaidjobsinheavyindustriesconstructionsitesandotherfieldsthat

cityresidentsunwillingtoenter.Theyhavebecomeanindispensablepartof

urbanlifetoapointwherethemachineryofacitycannoto