第12講 動詞的時態(tài)（一）-2022年中考英語語法專項突破

中考英語語法全面精講第12講、動詞的時態(tài)（一）一、動詞的八種時態(tài)時態(tài)名稱定義構(gòu)成基本句型時間標(biāo)志一般現(xiàn)在時...do/does肯定句，否定句，疑問句頻率副詞often,usually...一般過去時...did...yesterday,last...現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時...be(am,is,are)+doing...過去進(jìn)行時...be(was,were)+doing...一般將來時...will+do/begoingtodo...過去將來時...would+do/bedoingto...現(xiàn)在完成時...have/has+done...過去完成時...had+done...二、八種時態(tài)的具體用法：1.一般現(xiàn)在時定義：表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。構(gòu)成：do,does/be(am,is,are)——動詞變?nèi)龁蝡astnowfuture基本句型:句型：dodoes(三單)am,is,are陳述句Idrinkwatereverymorning.Shedrinkswatereverymorning.Sheislateforschool.否定句Idon’tdrinkwatereverymorning.Shedoesn’tdrinkwatereverymorning.Sheisnotlateforschool.疑問句Doyoudrinkwatereverymorning?Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.Doesshedrinkwatereverymorning?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.Isshelateforschool?Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t.時間標(biāo)志：一般現(xiàn)在時句子中常有的時間狀語：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays.如：TheygotothePalaceMuseumonceayear.(他們每年去一次故宮)Theyoftendiscussbusinessintheevening.(他們經(jīng)常在晚上商談生意)(1)表示客觀真理、事實、人的技能或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)時句子里一般不用時間狀語。如：Theearthturnsroundthesun.(地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn))Lighttravelsfasterthansound.(光傳播比聲音快)(2)條件狀語從句中(以if,unless,assoonas引導(dǎo))滿足“主將從現(xiàn)”，表條件用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillhavetostayathome.(如果明天下雨我們就只好呆在家)Wewillstayathomeassoonasitrainstomorrow.練習(xí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(變肯定句)catchcatches gogoesbuy buyscost costscarry carriesbreakbreakslieliesmakemakesmissmissesrushrushes按要求改寫句子。1.Marydoesnothaveanybooks.(變?yōu)榭隙ň?Maryhassomebooks.2.Heoftenhasricefordinner.(變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧?Doesheoftenhavericefordinner?單選：1．David'sgrandfather________hisdogaftersuppereveryday.（2020朝陽一模）A．walks B．walked C．willwalk D．haswalked2．MyfatherandI________thedogneartheparkeveryevening.（豐臺一模）A．walk B．walked C．a(chǎn)rewalking D．willwalk3．Mr.Greenhastwodogs.He____________themeverymorning.（2020密云一模）A．walked B．willwalk C．walks D．iswalking4．Amyusually________sportsonSundaymornings.（2020大興一模）A．ishaving B．has C．hashad D．washaving5．Susanlivesfarfromschool.Sheusually________abustoschool.（2020通州一模）A．hastaken B．took C．takes D．willtake參考答案1．David'sgrandfather________hisdogaftersuppereveryday.（2020朝陽一模）A．walks B．walked C．willwalk D．haswalked【答案】A【解析】句意：戴維的祖父每天晚飯后遛狗。本題考查時態(tài)。walks是一般現(xiàn)在時，walked是一般過去時，willwalk是一般將來時，haswalked是現(xiàn)在完成時。根據(jù)everyday可知，此處用一般現(xiàn)在時，故選A。2．MyfatherandI________thedogneartheparkeveryevening.（豐臺一模）A．walk B．walked C．a(chǎn)rewalking D．willwalk【答案】A【解析】句意：我父親和我每天晚上都在公園附近遛狗?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。walk一般現(xiàn)在時；walked一般過去時；arewalking現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時；willwalk一般將來時。根據(jù)“everyevening”可知此句時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時。故選A。3．Mr.Greenhastwodogs.He____________themeverymorning.（2020密云一模）A．walked B．willwalk C．walks D．iswalking【答案】C【解析】句意：格林先生有兩條狗。他每天早上都會遛它們?？疾橐话悻F(xiàn)在時的用法。根據(jù)題干中“everymorning”可知，動作經(jīng)常有規(guī)律的發(fā)生，故用一般現(xiàn)在時，故選C。4．Amyusually________sportsonSundaymornings.（2020大興一模）A．ishaving B．has C．hashad D．washaving【答案】B【解析】句意：艾米通常在星期天早上運動?？疾闀r態(tài)。ishaving正在進(jìn)行，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時結(jié)構(gòu)；has進(jìn)行，動詞三單；hashad進(jìn)行，現(xiàn)在完成時結(jié)構(gòu)；washaving正在進(jìn)行，過去進(jìn)行時結(jié)構(gòu)；根據(jù)句意理解及句中的usually可知，這里應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時，句子主語是Anny第三人稱，所以動詞要用三單形式，故選B。5．Susanlivesfarfromschool.Sheusually________abustoschool.（2020通州一模）A．hastaken B．took C．takes D．willtake【答案】C【解析】句意：蘇珊住得離學(xué)校很遠(yuǎn)。她通常乘坐公共汽車上學(xué)?？疾橐话悻F(xiàn)在時。hastaken現(xiàn)在完成時；took一般過去時；takes一般現(xiàn)在時；willtake一般將來時。由“l(fā)ivesfarfromschool”和“usually”可知是經(jīng)常性的動作，用一般現(xiàn)在時，故選C。2.一般過去時定義：表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài),這種動作或狀態(tài)可能是一次性,也可能經(jīng)常發(fā)生。構(gòu)成：did/be(was,were)——動詞變過去式基本句型:句型：didwas,were陳述句Isawhimyesterday.Shewasastudent.否定句Ididn’tseehimyesterday.Shewasn’tastudent.疑問句Didyouseehimyesterday?Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.Wassheastudent?Yes,shewas./No,shewasn’t.時間標(biāo)志：yesterday,justnow,theotherday,in1982,ago,anhourago,longlongago,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),attheageof5,oneday,onceuponatime等。如：Igotupat6：00thismorning.(我是早上六點鐘起床的)LittleTombrokethewindowathalfpastnineyesterday.(小湯姆昨天早上九點半把窗子打破了)Hecametoourcityintheyear2000.(他2000年來到我們市)練習(xí)：一般過去時(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.Didshepractice(practice)herguitaryesterday?No,sheTheyallwent(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.Shedidn’tvisit (notvisit)herauntlastweekend.Shestayed(stay)athomeanddid(do)somecleaning.單選題1．I________athomeyesterdayafternoonbecauseoftheheavyrain.（2020朝陽一模）A．stay B．stayed C．willstay D．havestayed2．WhenIwasonmywayhome,it_______________torain.（2020東城一模）A．starts B．started C．willstart D．hasstarted3．I___________torideabikewhenIwassixyearsold.（2020海淀一模）A．learn B．learned C．willlearn D．havelearntPresidentXiJinping_________acongratulatorymessageonSundaytotheChinesewomen’svolleyballteam,aftertheywontheWorldCuptitle.（2020懷柔一模）send B．sent C．weresending D．a(chǎn)resent5．Thedaybeforeyesterday,mygrandma____________thecitywhereshewasborn.（2020密云一模）A．visited B．visits C．willvisit D．isvisiting6．—WhatdidyoudolastSunday,Mike?（2020順義一模）—Itabletenniswithmyfriends.play B．played C．willplay D．haveplayed參考答案1．I________athomeyesterdayafternoonbecauseoftheheavyrain.（2020朝陽一模）A．stay B．stayed C．willstay D．havestayed【答案】B【解析】句意：因為大雨，我昨天下午待在家里。本題考查時態(tài)。stay是一般現(xiàn)在時，stayed是一般過去時，willstay是一般將來時，havestayed是現(xiàn)在完成時。根據(jù)yesterdayafternoon可知，此處用一般過去時，故選B。2．WhenIwasonmywayhome,it_______________torain.（2020東城一模）A．starts B．started C．willstart D．hasstarted【答案】B【解析】句意：在我回家的路上，天開始下雨了?？疾闀r態(tài)。A項為一般現(xiàn)在時；B項為一般過去時；C項為一般將來時；D項現(xiàn)在完成時。根據(jù)從句WhenIwasonmywayhome可知，應(yīng)該使用過去時態(tài)。故選B。3．I___________torideabikewhenIwassixyearsold.（2020海淀一模）A．learn B．learned C．willlearn D．havelearnt【答案】B【解析】句意：我6歲就學(xué)會了騎車了?？疾闀r態(tài)。A項為一般現(xiàn)在時；B為一般過去時；C一般將來時；D為現(xiàn)在完成時。根據(jù)從句whenIwassixyearsold.可知應(yīng)該使用一般過去時態(tài)，故選B。PresidentXiJinping_________acongratulatorymessageonSundaytotheChinesewomen’svolleyballteam,aftertheywontheWorldCuptitle.（2020懷柔一模）send B．sent C．weresending D．a(chǎn)resent【答案】B【解析】句意：習(xí)近平主席向中國女排致以賀詞，在中國女排星期日奪得世界杯冠軍后，?？疾閯釉~。根據(jù)aftertheywontheWorldCuptitle，可知該句為一般過去時，且主語與謂語動詞send是主動關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)填send的過去式sent，故選B。5．Thedaybeforeyesterday,mygrandma____________thecitywhereshewasborn.（2020密云一模）A．visited B．visits C．willvisit D．isvisiting【答案】A【解析】句意：前天，我的奶奶參觀了她出生的那個城市?？疾橐话氵^去時的用法。根據(jù)題干中“thedaybeforeyesterday”前天，可知是過去的時間，故用一般過去時，故選A。6．—WhatdidyoudolastSunday,Mike?（2020順義一模）—Itabletenniswithmyfriends.play B．played C．willplay D．haveplayed【答案】B【解析】句意：——上星期天你干什么了，邁克？——我和朋友們打乒乓球了?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。play一般現(xiàn)在時；played一般過去時；willplay一般將來時；haveplayed現(xiàn)在完成時。根據(jù)問句的時間狀語“l(fā)astSunday”可知此句時態(tài)是一般過去時；故選B?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時定義：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作或是現(xiàn)階段正發(fā)生而此刻不一定在進(jìn)行的動作。構(gòu)成：助動詞be(amisare)+doing——動詞變現(xiàn)在分詞句型：be(amisare)+doing陳述句Heiswashingthedishesnow.否定句Heisnotwashingthedishesnow.疑問句Ishewashingthedishesnow?Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.時間標(biāo)志：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的時間狀語有:now,rightnow,atthismoment,atthistime,thesedays等。如：Whatareyoudoingnow?(你現(xiàn)在在干什么？)Iamwritingalongnovelthesedays.(我最近在寫一本長篇小說)表示即將發(fā)生的動作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常見的動詞有：come,go,stay,leave,spend,do等。如：I’mcomingnow.(我就來)Whatareyoudoingtomorrow?(你明天干什么？)Heisleavingsoon.(他就要走了)練習(xí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時完成句子。1.Whatareyoudoing(do)?2.Iamsinging(sing)anEnglishsong.3.Whatishereading(read)?4.Heisfixing(fix)acar.5.Areyouflying(fly)akite? Yes,Iam.單選1．—Jason,don'tmakesomuchnoise.Anna_____________forhermathexam.（2020東城一模）—Sorry,Mum.Iwon't.studies B．studied C．hasstudied D．isstudying2．Look!Thelittlegirl_________tothemusic.Howbeautiful!（2020房山一模）A．dances B．willdance C．isdancing D．danced3．Bequiet!Yourgrandpa________.（2020懷柔一模）A．sleeps B．issleeping C．hasslept D．willsleep4．—Shallwegooutforawalk,Betty?（2020大興一模）—Sorry,I________myclothesnow.amwashing B．washed C．havewashed D．wash參考答案1．—Jason,don'tmakesomuchnoise.Anna_____________forhermathexam.（2020東城一模）—Sorry,Mum.Iwon't.studies B．studied C．hasstudied D．isstudying【答案】D【解析】句意：——杰森，不要制造噪音。安娜正在為她的考試學(xué)習(xí)?！?，媽媽。我不會了?？疾闀r態(tài)。studies，學(xué)習(xí)，第三人稱單數(shù)；studied一般過去時；hasstudied現(xiàn)在完成時；isstudying現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。根據(jù)“don'tmakesomuchnoise.”可知，你不要做這件事是因為另一個人正在做那件事，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，故選D。2．Look!Thelittlegirl_________tothemusic.Howbeautiful!（2020房山一模）A．dances B．willdance C．isdancing D．danced【答案】C【解析】句意：看！這個小女孩正和著音樂跳舞，多么美麗?。】疾楝F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法。dances跳舞，一般現(xiàn)在時單三形式；willdance跳舞，一般將來時；isdancing跳舞，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時；danced跳舞，一般過去式。題干中的看，說明小女孩正在跳舞，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)。故選C。3．Bequiet!Yourgrandpa________.（2020懷柔一模）A．sleeps B．issleeping C．hasslept D．willsleep【答案】B【解析】句意：安靜點!你爺爺在睡覺?？疾闀r態(tài)。根據(jù)“Bequiet!”，可知后一句應(yīng)指“你爺爺正在睡覺?！?，所以應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，其結(jié)構(gòu)為am/is/are+動詞現(xiàn)在分詞，故選B。4．—Shallwegooutforawalk,Betty?（2020大興一模）—Sorry,I________myclothesnow.amwashing B．washed C．havewashed D．wash【答案】A【解析】句意：——貝蒂，我們出去散散步好嗎？——對不起，我正在洗衣服。考查時態(tài)。amwashing正在洗，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時結(jié)構(gòu)；washed洗，過去式；havewashed洗，現(xiàn)在完成時結(jié)構(gòu)；wash洗，動詞原形；根據(jù)句意理解可知，這里是兩句對話，表達(dá)的是“正在洗”，是表達(dá)這個動作正在進(jìn)行，所以應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，故選A。過去進(jìn)行時定義：過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某一時刻或某階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。構(gòu)成：助動詞be(was，were)+doing——動詞變現(xiàn)在分詞基本句型:句型：be(was,were)+doing陳述句Hewaswashingthedishesat6p.m.yesterday.否定句Hewasnotwashingthedishesat6p.m.yesterday.疑問句Washewashingthedishesat6p.m.yesterday?Yes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.時間標(biāo)志：過去進(jìn)行時的時間狀語有：atthistimeyesterday，at7:00yesterday，lastnight,fromseventonine,atthattime以when或while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句等。如：Hewascookingsupperthistimeyesterday.(昨天這個時候他正在做晚飯)when和while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句用進(jìn)行時。when:atorduringthetime時間段或者時間點when+didorbedoingdid....when...bedoingdid...when...didbedoingwhen...didwhile:duringthetime時間段while+bedoingdid...while...bedoingbedoingwhile...bedoingwhile和when都是表示同時，到底句子中是用when還是while主要看從句和主句中所使用的動詞是短暫性動作(瞬時動詞)還是延續(xù)性動作,進(jìn)行時態(tài)一般是延續(xù)性的，過去式一般是短暫性動作。區(qū)別如下：1、若主句表示的是一個短暫性的動作，而從句表示的是一個持續(xù)性動作時，兩者都可用。如：Hefellasleepwhen[while]hewasreading.他看書時睡著了。Imethimwhen[while]Iwastakingawalkinthepark.我在公園散步時遇到了他。2、若主、從句表示兩個同時進(jìn)行的持續(xù)性動作，且強(qiáng)調(diào)主句表示的動作延續(xù)到從句所指的整個時間，通常要用while。如：Don'ttalkwhileyou'reeating.吃飯時不要說話。Ikeptsilentwhilehewaswriting.在他寫的時候，我默不作聲。3、若從句是一個短暫性動作，而主句是一個持續(xù)性動作，可以when但不用while。如：Whenhecamein,Iwaslisteningtotheradio.他進(jìn)來時，我在聽收音機(jī)。Itwasraininghardwhenwearrived.我們到達(dá)時正下著大雨。4、若主、從句表示的是兩個同時(或幾乎同時)發(fā)生的短暫性動作，一般要用when。如：Ithoughtofitjustwhenyouopenedyourmouth.就在你要說的時候，我也想到了。練習(xí)：過去進(jìn)行時1．Mysister________tomusicwhenthetelephoneranglastnight.（2020朝陽一模）A．listens B．willlisten C．islistening D．waslistening2．Mum_________inthegardenreadingwhenIgothomeyesterday.（2020東城一模）A．sits B．sat C．wassitting D．issitting3．Thelittlebaby_________inthebedroomwhenhismothercameback.（2020房山一模）A．wasplaying B．isplaying C．plays D．willplay4．Ben________basketballwhenSarahsawhimyesterday.（豐臺一模）A．plays B．played C．wasplaying D．hasplayed5．Mikewasplayingthepianowhilehismother____________inthekitchen.（2020海淀一模）A．wascooking B．iscooking C．hadcooked D．cooks6．—Whatwereyoudoingatsixyesterdayevening?（2020順義一模）—Imymothercookthemeal.amhelping B．helped C．havehelped D．washelping7．—Tom,whatwereyoudoingwhenthetelephonerang?（2020通州一模）—I________theflowersinthegarden.water B．watered C．willwater D．waswatering參考答案1．Mysister________tomusicwhenthetelephoneranglastnight.（2020朝陽一模）A．listens B．willlisten C．islistening D．waslistening【答案】D【解析】句意：昨天晚上電話響的時候，我姐姐正在聽音樂。本題考試時態(tài)。listens是一般現(xiàn)在時，willlisten是一般將來時，islistening是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，waslistening是過去進(jìn)行時。根據(jù)whenthetelephoneranglastnight可知，此處表示過去某時，謂語用過去進(jìn)行時，故選D。2．Mum_________inthegardenreadingwhenIgothomeyesterday.（2020東城一模）A．sits B．sat C．wassitting D．issitting【答案】C【解析】句意：當(dāng)我到家時，媽媽正坐在花園里看書?？疾闀r態(tài)。A項是一般現(xiàn)在時；B項是一般過去時；C項是過去進(jìn)行時；D項是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。根據(jù)從句whenIgothomeyesterday可知，當(dāng)我昨天到家時，爸爸正在做某事，所以應(yīng)該使用過去進(jìn)行時。故選C。3．Thelittlebaby_________inthebedroomw