Unit-2-Morals-and-Virtues-A卷基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)通關(guān)練(解析版)

必修Book3Unit2MoralsandVirtuesA卷·基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)通關(guān)練一、詞匯與短語(yǔ)I.重點(diǎn)詞匯默寫moraladj.道德的；道義上的n.品行；道德；寓意virtuen.高尚的道德；美德；優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)dilemman．進(jìn)退兩難的境地；困境faintvi.昏倒；暈厥adj.不清楚的；微弱的preciousadj.珍稀的；寶貴的entrustvt.委托；交付tuitionn.(小組)教學(xué)；講課unionn.協(xié)會(huì)；聯(lián)合會(huì)；工會(huì)hirevt.聘任；雇用；租用n.租借；租用colleaguen.同事；同僚clinicn.診所；門診部decaden.十年；十年期staffn.員工；全體職員savingn.節(jié)省物；節(jié)??；節(jié)約；[pl.]儲(chǔ)蓄金；存款bitevt.&vi.(bit，bitten)咬；叮；蜇n.咬；(咬下的)一口；咬傷assistvt.幫助；援助chairmann.主席；主持人；董事長(zhǎng)memoryn.記憶力；回憶waitressn.(餐館的)女服務(wù)員；女侍者disguisevt.裝扮；假扮；掩蓋n.偽裝；化裝用具limpvi.跛行；一瘸一拐地走tearn.眼淚；淚水despairn.絕望vi.絕望；感到無(wú)望mightn．力量；威力II.拓展詞匯變形moraladj.道德的；道義上的n.品行；道德；寓意→morallyadv.道德上；確實(shí)地→moralityn．道德準(zhǔn)則；道義illustratevt.(舉例)說(shuō)明；闡明；給(書或文章)加插圖→illustrationn．插圖；闡明complainvi.&vt.抱怨；發(fā)牢騷→complaintn．抱怨respondvt.回答；回復(fù)vi.做出反應(yīng)；回應(yīng)→responsen.反應(yīng)；回答；回復(fù)physiciann.醫(yī)師；(尤指)內(nèi)科醫(yī)生→physicaladj.物質(zhì)上的；肉體上的→mentaladj.(反義詞)精神上的rejectvt.拒絕接受；不錄用→rejectionn.拒絕接受；否決appointvt.任命；委派→appointmentn．任命；約定retirevi.&vt.退休；退職；退出→retirementn．退休→retiredadj.退休的assistvt.幫助；援助→assistantn．助手；助理→assistancen.幫助memoryn.記憶力；回憶→memorizevt.記憶，記住spillvt.&vi.(使)灑出；(使)溢出→spilt/spilled(過(guò)去式)→spilt/spilled(過(guò)去分詞)tearn.眼淚；淚水→tearvt.撕破→tore(過(guò)去式)→torn(過(guò)去分詞)harmn．&vt.傷害；損害→harmfuladj.有害的III.核心短語(yǔ)互譯moraldilemma道德困境hearof聽(tīng)說(shuō)befacedwith面對(duì)carrysb.through幫助某人渡過(guò)難關(guān)tuitionfees學(xué)費(fèi)residentphysician住院醫(yī)師tendtodosth.易于做某事；往往會(huì)發(fā)生某事firstaid急救passaway去世inmemoryof作為對(duì)……的紀(jì)念tripover被……絆倒befamousfor因……而出名sharewith與……分享themajorityof大多數(shù)；大部分thinkof想到/起，認(rèn)為inneedof需要graduatefrom從……畢業(yè)playarolein在……中起作用beresponsiblefor為……負(fù)責(zé)intears流著淚，含著淚indespair處于絕望中agreatdealof許多，大量二、句式與篇章I.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換Theyhaveno(moral)．答案與解析morals考查名詞。根據(jù)句意“他們沒(méi)有道德”可知，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。His(virtue)ishonesty.答案與解析virtue考查名詞。his是形容詞性物主代詞，修飾名詞；又由謂語(yǔ)is可知，這里用單數(shù)形式。Theytrytofindawayoutoftheir(dilemma)．答案與解析dilemma考查名詞。their是形容詞性物主代詞，所以后面接名詞。Themountainswerecoveredinthickmistandonlyafaintoutlinewas(invisible)．答案與解析visible考查形容詞。根據(jù)句意“群山籠罩在濃霧中，只能看到一個(gè)模糊的輪廓”可知，應(yīng)用visible“可見(jiàn)的”。Itishardforhimtocoverhistuition(fee)．答案與解析fees考查名詞。tuitionfees“學(xué)費(fèi)”。Hewas(reject)bythecompany.答案與解析rejected考查語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意“他被公司拒絕了”可知，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。MrWhite'snewworkwillbe(publish)nextweek.答案與解析published考查語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意“新作品下周將被出版”可知，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Myfather(retire)lastyear.答案與解析retired考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意“我爸爸去年退休了”可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。The(elect)procedureisverystrict.答案與解析election考查名詞。electionprocedure“選舉程序”。Iwastoo(scare)tomove.答案與解析scared考查形容詞。根據(jù)句意“我感到害怕”可知，應(yīng)用-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞。Whichwordcan(replace)theunderlinedone?答案與解析replace考查動(dòng)詞形式。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can后接動(dòng)詞原形。Asamatteroffact,thenorth(pole)isextremelycold.答案與解析pole考查名詞。根據(jù)常識(shí)此處指的是北極，所以用單數(shù)。John(disguise)himselfasabeggar.答案與解析disguised考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。Though80yearsold,mygrandfatherhadagood(memory)．答案與解析memory考查名詞。此處memory是可數(shù)名詞，意思是“記憶力”。II.固定用法和?？季涫紿eiseagergetawayfromthemoraldilemma.答案與解析to考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。beeagertodosth.“渴望/急切做某事”。DoyouknowwhatDr.Linisfamous？答案與解析for考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。befamousfor“因……而出名”。Idon'tthinkthatheisfaint,he?答案與解析is考查反義疑問(wèn)句。否定前移的句子中反義疑問(wèn)句是對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行反問(wèn)。Whynot(turn)toyourteacherforhelp?答案與解析turnWhynotdo＝Whydon'tyoudo?意思是“為什么不做……？”。Heaswellashiscolleagues(be)abouttovisittheWuGorge.答案與解析is考查主謂一致。aswellas連接前后兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其前面的主語(yǔ)來(lái)確定。Herejectedgototheparty.答案與解析to考查不定式。rejecttodo“拒絕做”，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。Theywilltend(model)theirteacher'sbehavior.答案與解析tomodel考查不定式。tendtodosth.“易于做某事”。Hepromisedtoappointhimthesalesmanager.答案與解析as考查介詞。appointsb.assth.“委派某人擔(dān)任某職”。becameincreasinglyexpensivetohirecasualworkers.答案與解析It考查代詞。it做形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是tohirecasualworkers。memoryofToddy,thecitizensnamedtheparkafterhim.答案與解析In考查介詞。inmemoryof是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“為了紀(jì)念”。Thismorninghisgrandmotherpassed.答案與解析away考查固定用法。根據(jù)句意“今天早上他的祖母去世了”可知，此處為passaway“去世”。Smokingdoesharmourhealth.答案與解析to考查介詞。doharmto“對(duì)……有害”。Theaudienceweremovedto(tear)．答案與解析tears考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)句意“觀眾感動(dòng)得流淚”可知，此處為復(fù)數(shù)形式。Hegaveuptheattemptdespair.答案與解析in考查介詞。indespair“絕望”。Manyemergenciesneed(one)aid.答案與解析first考查序數(shù)詞。根據(jù)句意“許多緊急情況需要急救”可知，此處為firstaid“急救”。III.課文縮寫填空DoctorLinQiaozhiisafamouswomaninChina.Whensheeq\a\vs4\al(1)(be)five,shewaseq\a\vs4\al(2)(deep)affectedbyhermother'sdeath.Thenshedeterminedeq\a\vs4\al(3)(study)medicine,eq\a\vs4\al(4)herbrothercomplained.Nothingcouldchangehermind.Latershebecametheeq\a\vs4\al(5)(one)Chinesewomantobeappointedeq\a\vs4\al(6)(direct)oftheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.Shethoughtasdoctorstheyshouldbeeq\a\vs4\al(7)(responsibility)forpatients.DoctorLinnevereq\a\vs4\al(8)(marry),butshewasknowneq\a\vs4\al(9)themotheroftenthousandbabies.Shemadegreateq\a\vs4\al(10)(contribute)tothemedicalindustry.答案與解析was考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句子意思當(dāng)她五歲時(shí)，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。deeply考查副詞。副詞用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞，意思是“深深地受到影響”。tostudy考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。bedeterminedtodosth.“決心做某事”。but考查連詞。根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，然后她決定學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)，但是，她哥哥抱怨。first考查序數(shù)詞?！暗谝晃弧笔莟hefirst。director考查名詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“她被任命為PUMC醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科主任醫(yī)師”可知，應(yīng)填director。responsible考查形容詞。beresponsiblefor“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”。married考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境“她終身未婚”可知，應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)。as考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。beknownas“作為……而出名”。contributions考查名詞。makecontributionsto“對(duì)……做出貢獻(xiàn)”。IV.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示用本單元詞匯的正確形式填空Toapersonnothingis①moreprecious(寶貴)thantheirlife.DrLinQiaozhigaveusalookintotheheartofthisamazingwomanandwhat②carriedherthrough(幫她渡過(guò)難關(guān))alifeofhardchoices.Asafive-year-oldgirl,LinQiaozhi③wasdeeplyaffected(被深深影響)byhermother'sdeath.Atage18,insteadoffollowingthe④traditional(傳統(tǒng)的)pathof⑤marriage(婚姻)like⑥themajorityof(大多數(shù))girls,shechosetostudymedicine.Herbrother⑦complained(抱怨)abouther,butshe⑧responded(回應(yīng)),“I'dratherstaysingletostudyallmylife.”Eightyearslater,Lin⑨graduatedfrom(畢業(yè)于)PekingUnionMedicalCollege(PUMC)withtheWenhai⑩Scholarship(獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金).She?immediately(立即)becamethefirstwomanever?tobehired(被雇用)asaresidentphysicianinahospital.WhenshestudiedintheUS,shegreatly?impressed(給……深刻印象)herAmerican?colleagues(同事),whoinvitedhertostay.DrLin,however,?rejected(拒絕)theoffer.In1941,DrLinbecamethefirstChinesewomanever?tobeappointed(被任命)directorofthehospital,butthedepartmentwasclosedbecauseofthewar,sosheopenedaprivateclinic.She?charged(收費(fèi))verylowfeesto?treat(治療)patientsandoftenreducedcostsforpoorpatients.Attimesshewasevenseenridingadonkeyto?faraway(遙遠(yuǎn)的)villagestoprovidemedicalcare.In1954,she?waselected(被選舉為)tothefirstNationalPeople'sCongressand,overthenextseveraleq\o(○,\s\up1(21))decades(幾十年),sheheldmanyimportantpositions,butshewasmoreinterestedineq\o(○,\s\up1(22))tending(照顧)patients,eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))publishing(發(fā)表)medicalresearchoncareforwomenandchildren,andtrainingthenexteq\o(○,\s\up1(24))generation(一代)ofdoctors.Shetoldnewstaffinherdepartmentthattheyshouldeq\o(○,\s\up1(25))beresponsiblefor(對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé))thepatientsandtreatthemassisters.Shediedon22April1983.Sinceshehadnochildreneq\o(○,\s\up1(26))ofherown(屬于她自己的),shelefthersavingstoaeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))kindergarten(幼兒園)andafundfornewdoctors.三、單元語(yǔ)法小練I.用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空Being(be)ill,hedidnottakepartinthesportsmeet.Looking(look)atmyclassmates'faces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,causing(cause)seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.Knowing(know)shehadgotinjured,hehurriedtothehospitaltoseeher.Nothavingfinished(notfinish)herworkontime,shewasfiredbytheboss.L