專題-15-閱讀理解：詞義猜測題測-(解析版)

專題15閱讀理解：詞意猜測題備考2023年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測--測（解析版）時(shí)間：40分鐘共20小題名校最新模擬試題詞義猜測（共20小題）1.(云南省昆明市云南師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期適應(yīng)性月考)Althoughitcanbefoundinnaturalvanillabeanextract,vanillinalsocanbemadesyntheticallyusingchemicalscomingfrompetrol.Tocreateitfromplastic,instead,researchersgeneticallymodifiedastrainofE.colibacteriasothatitcanmakevanillinfromarawmaterialusedintheproductionofplasticbottles.33.Whichofthefollowingwordshastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedword“synthetically”inparagraph3?A.NaturallyB.ArtificiallyC.Biologically D.Industrially【答案】B【解析】詞句猜測題。由第三段“Althoughitcanbefoundinnaturalvanillabeanextract,vanillinalsocanbemadesyntheticallyusingchemicalscomingfrompetrol.Tocreateitfromplastic,instead,researchersgeneticallymodifiedastrainofE.colibacteriasothatitcanmakevanillinfromarawmaterialusedintheproductionofplasticbottles.(雖然香草香精可以在天然香子蘭豆提取物中找到，但也可以使用來自汽油的化學(xué)物質(zhì)synthetically香草香精。相反，為了用塑料制造香草香精，研究人員對一株大腸桿菌進(jìn)行了基因改造，使其能夠從塑料瓶生產(chǎn)中使用的原材料中生產(chǎn)香草香精)”可知，第三段講述了實(shí)驗(yàn)室里人造香草香精的過程，synthetically意為“人造的（Artificially）”。故選B項(xiàng)。(四川省樹德中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期10月階段性測試)Overall,Norwayisseeingarapidincreaseinpassengercarthisyear—morethan35%higherthanin2020.Withelectriccarsalesbooming,thefutureoftheVATexemptionhasbeenatopforpoliticaldebatethisyear,aslawmakerslookathowtobolstertaxincomewhilealsosupportingthemoveawayfromfossilfuels.30．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bolster”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Calculate B．Reduce C．Receive D．Increase.【答案】D【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Withelectriccarsalesbooming,thefutureoftheVATexemptionhasbeenatopforpoliticaldebatethisyear”(隨著電動(dòng)汽車銷售的蓬勃發(fā)展，免除增值稅的未來成為今年政治辯論的熱門話題)可知，是否免除增值稅將成為今年政治辯論的熱點(diǎn)話題，結(jié)合劃線單詞前后“as

lawmakerslookathowtobolstertaxincomewhilealsosupportingthemoveawayfromfossilfuels.”(因?yàn)榱⒎ㄕ邆冋谘芯咳绾卧谥С诌h(yuǎn)離化石燃料的同時(shí)bolster稅收收入)可知，是否免除增值稅將成為今年政治辯論的熱點(diǎn)話題，而對于立法者們而來說，他們想要的是雙贏，即在支持遠(yuǎn)離化石燃料的同時(shí)，又能提高稅收收入。所以可以推斷出劃線單詞“bolster”是“增加”的意思，D選項(xiàng)“Increase”(增加)與劃線單詞意思一樣，A.Calculate計(jì)算；B.Reduce減少；C.Receive收到，均不符，故選D。(山東省東營市第一中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年10月月考)InKansasCity,theKCPetProjectisseeinganimalssurrenderedbecauseoftheirowners’moneyproblems.“Itissadtoseeanumberofpetscominginthroughourdoors,”saidKCPetProjectChiefCommunicationsOfficerToriFugate.“Peoplearecallinguseveryweeksaying,‘Idon’twanttoleavemyanimal,butIcan’tfindaplacetolivewithit.’”9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surrendered”inparagraph4mean?A．Huntedfor B．Lookedover C．Givenup D．Handedout【答案】C【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段的“becauseoftheirowners’moneyproblems(因?yàn)橹魅说慕?jīng)濟(jì)問題)”和“Itissadtoseeanumberofpetscominginthroughourdoors(看到這么多寵物走進(jìn)我們的家門，我們很難過)”可知，劃線詞所在句子表示“在堪薩斯城，KC寵物項(xiàng)目看到一些動(dòng)物因?yàn)橹魅说慕?jīng)濟(jì)問題而被遺棄”，劃線詞surrendered的意思是“遺棄”，和givenup意思相近，故選C。(江蘇省蘇州市2022-2023學(xué)年高三期初考試英語試題)ForAmazonandNetflix,addinggamestotheirplatformscouldattractmoresubscribers.Orattheveryleastdissuadeexistingonesfromleaving.Afterajumpcausedbypandemicinusers,Netflixdropped430,000subscribersinthesecondquarterbutregainedsomeoftheseinthethirdquarter.Netflixhassaidinthepastthatinthe“attentioneconomy”,itcompetesagainstvideogamesjustasmuchasvideostreamingservices.12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dissuade”inParagraph3mean?A．forbid B．Discourage C．release D．protect【答案】B【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段的“ForAmazonandNetflixaddinggamestotheirplatformscouldattractmoresubscribers(對于亞馬遜和Netflix在他們的平臺(tái)上增加游戲可以吸引更多的用戶)”可知，平臺(tái)加入電子游戲元素，可以吸引一些新的訂閱用戶。由此推測劃線句子意為“或者（這樣做）至少勸阻現(xiàn)有的用戶離開”，即dissuade意為“勸阻”，與discourage同義。故選B。5.(湖南師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期月考)Asaresult,theymakeupasmallershareoftheworkforce.Withgraduationceremoniesbehindthem,thelatestgroupofdiploma-holdersareenteringthejobmarket.Whattheywantfromemployersisalsonotquitethesameasingenerationspast.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diploma-holders"inthefirstparagraphreferto?A．Employees B．StudentsC．GraduatesD．Shareholders【答案】C【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段劃線詞前半句“Withgraduationceremoniesbehindthem,(隨著畢業(yè)典禮的結(jié)束，)”可知，隨著畢業(yè)典禮的結(jié)束，最新一批文憑持有者正在進(jìn)入就業(yè)市場?？梢酝瞥觯琩iploma-holders指的是那些參加完畢業(yè)典禮，準(zhǔn)備進(jìn)入就業(yè)市場的畢業(yè)生。這與diploma-holder“畢業(yè)文憑持有者”的字面意思也相符。故選C。6.(河南省名校聯(lián)盟2022-2023學(xué)年上學(xué)期開學(xué)考英語試題)LotsehadsharedthestoryoftheblindUSmountaineerErikWeihenmayer,whoclimbedQomolangmainMay2001.Zhangwastouchedbythestory,whichignitedhisdreamofclimbing.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ignited”inparagraph5mean?A．Lighted B．Accomplished C．FollowedD．Recalled【答案】A【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第五段“LotsehadsharedthestoryoftheblindUSmountaineerErikWeihenmayer,whoclimbedQomolangmainMay2001.Zhangwastouchedbythestory,whichignitedhisdreamofclimbing.(洛茨曾分享過美國盲人登山者埃里克·維亨邁爾在2001年5月攀登珠穆朗瑪峰的故事。這個(gè)故事感動(dòng)了他，ignited了他的登山夢想)”中劃線詞后“hisdreamofclimbing”和可推知，埃里克·維亨邁爾的故事點(diǎn)燃了張的登山夢想，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，動(dòng)詞ignite與light同義，意為“點(diǎn)燃，激起”。故選A項(xiàng)。7.(河北省保定市2022-2023學(xué)年高三9月份考試英語試題)Butresearchshowstherearepathwaysthroughtheheartache.Listeningtosadmusicisamajorone.Itcanhelpyoubegintofeeljoyandhopefulnessaboutyourlifeagain.Itcanactivateempathyandthedesiretoconnectwithothers—bothavenuesthroughtheprisonofheartacheanddespair.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“avenues”inparagraph2mean?A．Relations B．Pathways C．Stations D．Struggles【答案】B【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中“Butresearchshowstherearepathwaysthroughtheheartache.(但研究表明，心痛是有途徑的)”以及畫線詞上文“Itcanhelpyoubegintofeeljoyandhopefulnessaboutyourlifeagain.Itcanactivateempathyandthedesiretoconnectwithothers(它可以幫助你重新對生活感到快樂和希望。它可以激發(fā)同理心和與他人聯(lián)系的欲望)”可知，悲傷的音樂可以幫助你重新對生活感到快樂和希望，以及激發(fā)同理心和與他人聯(lián)系的欲望，這兩種途徑都可以穿過心痛和絕望的牢籠。故畫線詞意思是“途徑”。故選B。(北京市師范大學(xué)附屬實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)2022-2023高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)摸底考試)Andonceanideagetsthegreenlight,itwillthenbehandledbyproduct-designandengineeringteams,three-quartersofwhosemembersaremen.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2means________.hitsthemarket getsapprovalbecomessuccessful comesintobeing【答案】B【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線短語的主語“anidea”意為“想法；主意”，結(jié)合后文“itwillthenbehandledbyproduct-designandengineeringteams,three-quartersofwhosemembersaremen.”（然后，它將由產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和工程團(tuán)隊(duì)來處理，其中四分之三的成員是男性。）可知，這個(gè)想法或創(chuàng)意應(yīng)是先被批準(zhǔn)，才將由產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和工程團(tuán)隊(duì)來處理。由此可推知，劃線短語“getsthegreenlight”應(yīng)是“獲得批準(zhǔn)”含義，與選項(xiàng)B“getsapproval(得到批準(zhǔn))”表達(dá)含義一致。故選B項(xiàng)。(北京市八一學(xué)校2022-2023學(xué)年高三暑期學(xué)習(xí)反饋英語試題)JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors’centers.26．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blow-up”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?Hot-airballoon B．DigitalcameraC.Bigphotograph D．Bird’sview【答案】C【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第一句JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-upforoneofthevisitors’centers.可知，美國國家航空航天局為測試一些新的高海拔照相機(jī)而拍攝了黃石公園的照片。一位深思熟慮的官員把其中的一些照片副本轉(zhuǎn)交給了公園管理部門，認(rèn)為他們可能會(huì)將其放大以供一個(gè)游客中心展示。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，游客中心的照片一般都很大，以吸引游客的注意，故此處意為“將照片放大”，選C。(2023屆河南省洛陽市洛陽創(chuàng)新發(fā)展聯(lián)盟高三摸底考試英語試題)ResearchersfromTheUniversityofQueensland(UQ)havehelpeddesignanewapptoprotectbirdsatriskofextinctionacrosstheworldbyeliminatinglanguagebarriersamongscientists.TheBirdLanguageDiversitywebappwillhelpprovidea“birdseyeview”,ensuringvitalinformationissharedtoimproveworldwideconservation.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“eliminating“inparagraph1mean?A．Givinginto B．Comingacross C．Puttingupwith D．Breakingdown【答案】D【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“TheBirdLanguageDiversitywebappwillhelpprovidea“birdseyeview”,ensuringvitalinformationissharedtoimproveworldwideconservation.（鳥類語言多樣性網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用程序?qū)⒂兄谔峁傍B瞰視圖”，確保重要信息共享，以改善全球保護(hù)。）”以及第二段““Scientificinformationonspeciescanbespreadacrossdifferentlanguages,butvaluableinformationcangomissingorgetlostintranslation,”DrNegretsaid.（“關(guān)于物種的科學(xué)信息可以在不同的語言中傳播，但有價(jià)值的信息可能會(huì)在翻譯中丟失或丟失，”內(nèi)格雷特博士說。）”可知，這款應(yīng)用程序通過打破科學(xué)家之間的語言障礙來保護(hù)世界各地瀕臨滅絕的鳥類。由此可推知，eliminate在此意為“破壞，消除”。故選D。11.（浙江衢州二中2022屆高三英語第一次模擬考試）Recently,anewstudyhasshownthatcertaincells,calledtimecells,makethistypeofmemorypossible.Thesecellshelpusformclearmemoriesintimeorder.Asmemoriesarebeingformed,thesetimecellsputastamponthememories.Later,thisstamphelpsusrecounttheexactsequenceofeventsandexperiences.5.Whichcanreplacetheword“sequence”inthe2ndparagraph?A.Result B.Number C.Detail D.Order【答案】D【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上句“Asmemoriesarebeingformed,thesetimecellsputastamponthememories”當(dāng)記憶形成時(shí)，這些時(shí)間細(xì)胞在記憶上烙上了印記。以及“…ofeventsandexperiences.”時(shí)間和經(jīng)歷的細(xì)節(jié)?？芍@些時(shí)間細(xì)胞在記憶上烙上的印記幫助我們敘述事件和經(jīng)歷的確切順序?！皊equence”意思是順序。故選D項(xiàng)。12.（北京101中學(xué)2022屆上學(xué)期高三年級(jí)10月月考英語試卷）Inadditiontobeingmoreintouchwiththefoodshe'seating,anotherjoycomesfrompassingthisknowledgeandthisdesireforgoodfoodtoherchildren:"Influencingthemandtellingthemyouropiniononnotonlybeingcarefulwhatweeatbutunderstandingthebiggerpicture,"shesaid,"thatifwedon'ttakecareoftheearth,nowill."26.Whatisthe"thebiggerpicture"(Para.6)thatLoewishesherchildrentounderstand?A.Theknowledgeaboutgoodfood.B.Thewaytoliveagrow-our-ownlife.C.Thejoyofgettingintouchwithfoods.D.Theresponsibilitytoprotectourearth.【答案】D【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段Loe說的話，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“thatifwedon'ttakecareoftheearth,nowill.”是劃線部分的同位語，是起對劃線部分解析說明的作用。根據(jù)這句話，我們可以推斷出，Loe是想讓孩子們理解，如果不能照顧好這個(gè)地球，以后也不會(huì)吃到自己種的菜了。所以，她是想讓孩子們理解保護(hù)好地球是每個(gè)人的責(zé)任。故選D項(xiàng)。(2022年8月浙江省“山水聯(lián)盟”高三聯(lián)考)Theresearchersareuncertainwhythechimpsusetheinsects,orevenwhichinsectstheyare,butsuspecttheymighthavelenitivepropertiesthatcouldprovidepainrelief.9.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheword“l(fā)enitive”inParagraph2?A.Original B.Relieving C.Refreshing D.Resistant【答案】B【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中劃線詞后的句子“thatcouldprovidepainrelief.（這可以緩解疼痛）”可知，上文劃線部分的lenitive與relieving“緩解的”同意，故選B項(xiàng)。14.（2022年浙江省七彩陽光新高考研究聯(lián)盟返校聯(lián)考）Withthatmuchmoneyatriskforhighprofits,misleadingclaimscaneffectivelyhampertheflowofmoneyandresourcesintoreallygreennewplansandbusinesses,preventingglobaleffortsfromdealingwiththeclimateemergency.“Idescribeitasthe'teenageyears'ofresponsibleinvesting,withalotofexperimentation,andalotofpeopletryingoutnewthings.”saysAshleyHamiltonClaxton.D.Thecompanydoesn'tsayit's“green”and“eco”.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hamper”probablymean?A.put B.clarify C.stop D.divide【答案】C【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段“preventingglobaleffortsfromdealingwiththeclimateemergency.”(阻止全球協(xié)作處理氣候緊急情況。)可以推測出，錯(cuò)誤的聲明實(shí)際上阻礙錢和資源流入真正綠色的新計(jì)劃和業(yè)務(wù)中，才會(huì)阻止全球協(xié)作處理氣候緊急情況。A.put放；B.clarify闡明；C.stop停止，阻攔；D.divide分開。所以hamper應(yīng)與選項(xiàng)C.stop同義，意為阻止，阻礙。故選C。15.(北京交通大學(xué)附中2023屆高三開學(xué)英語診斷練習(xí))Akeyaspectofscientificjudgmentisthatitisdonecollectively.Noclaimgetsaccepteduntilithasbeenvettedbydozens,ifnothundreds,ofheads.Inareasthathavebeencontested,likeclimatescienceandvaccinesafety,it’sthousands.Thisiswhywearegenerallyjustifiedinnotworryingtoomuchifasinglescientist,evenaveryfamousone,disagreeswiththeclaim.Andthisiswhydiversityinscience—themorepeoplelookingataclaimfromdifferentangles—isimportant.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vetted”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Examined B.Explained. C.Repeated. D.Released.【答案】A【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)根據(jù)第四段第一句“Akeyaspectofscientificjudgmentisthatitisdonecollectively.”(科學(xué)判斷的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵方面是集體判斷。)和最后一句“Andthisiswhydiversityinscience—themorepeoplelookingataclaimfromdifferentangles—isimportant.”(這就是為什么科學(xué)的多樣性——更多的人從不同的角度看待一項(xiàng)主張——很重要。)可知，此處是指一個(gè)主張需要經(jīng)過很多人的檢測才會(huì)被接受。所以vetted意為“被檢測”。故選A。16.(廣東省東莞市東華高級(jí)中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期模擬考試)Themoralofthisstoryis...don'tgiveup.Evenifthingslookbleaknow,don'tgiveup.ThingschangeIfyouworkhard,giveittime,anddon'tgiveup,thingswillalwaysgetbetterOftentimesallweneedisthecouragetopushbeyondtheriver.6．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"bleak"inthelastparagraph?A．unattractive B．hopelessC．thrilling D．promising【答案】B【解析】猜測詞義題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一、二句“Themoralofthisstoryis…don'tgiveup.Evenifthingslookbleaknow,don'tgiveup.”(這個(gè)故事的寓意是……不要放棄。即使現(xiàn)在情況看起來很bleak，也不要放棄。)可知，能夠?qū)е履銓σ患虑榈姆艞?，這件事可能是無望的或者是糟糕的，所以能夠替換bleak的詞是hopeless。故選B項(xiàng)。17.（廣東省汕頭市金山中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第二次月考）HiddenunderthejunglesoftheMayaBiosphereReserve,morethan60,000human-madefeatures—homes,canals,highways,someofwhichcanevenreachthemodernizedstandard—havebeenidentifiedbyaninternationalcooperationofresearchersheadedbythePACUNAMFoundation,aMayaculturalandnaturalheritageorganization.ThosehaveexpertsrethinkingtheoutlinesandcomplexityoftheMayaempire.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Those”inparagraph4referto?A．ThejunglesoftheReserve. B．TheoutlinesoftheMayaempire.C．Theresearchersoftheorganization. D．Theman-madeprojectsoftheReserve.【答案】D【解析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“HiddenunderthejunglesoftheMayaBiosphereReserve,morethan60,000human-madefeatures—homes,canals,highways,someofwhichcanevenreachthemodernizedstandard(城市遺跡隱藏在瑪雅生態(tài)保護(hù)區(qū)處的密林之下。超過6萬多項(xiàng)人造工程有房舍、運(yùn)河。高速公路，它們當(dāng)中有一些建造水準(zhǔn)已經(jīng)達(dá)到當(dāng)代的水平)”可知，劃線代詞those指的是前文中提到的“瑪雅生物保護(hù)區(qū)的6萬多項(xiàng)人造工程”。故選D項(xiàng)。（廣西北海市2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期9月聯(lián)考適應(yīng)性考試）Dogsareborntosocialisewithpeoplebecauseweraisethemthatway.Two-month-olddogscanalreadyrecognisewhenpeoplearepointingatobjectsandwillstareatourfaceswhenthey’respokento—bothsignsthatdogshaveaninnatecapacitytointeractwithusthroughbodylanguage.28．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“innate”inparag