2025年高二英語寒假銜接（外研版）專題4. 動詞時態(tài)與被動語態(tài)（學(xué)生版）

謂語動詞考點一動詞的時態(tài)Atfirst，XiaoMingdidn’tlike①schoolandwas①addictedtocomputergames.Everytimehismotherasked①himwhathewasdoing②beforegoingtobed，theanswerwasthathewasplaying②computergames.Hisfatherhadbeaten③himmanytimesbeforeXiaoMingwenttomiddleschool，soXiaoMingpromisedthathewouldstudy④hardandwouldn’tplaygames.However，XiaoMinghaschanged⑤alotinthepastthreeyears.Whenothersaskabouthim，hismotheralwaysanswers⑥proudly，“Heisdoinghomework⑦athome.Hehasbeenstudying⑧forseveralhours.”XiaoMingwillenter⑨agoodcollegeifhekeepsworkinghardlikethis.Maybeafter3yearshewillbestudying⑩inafamousuniversity.①是一般過去時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：謂語動詞用動詞的一般過去式形式。②是過去進行時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were＋現(xiàn)在分詞。③是過去完成時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：had＋過去分詞。④是過去將來時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：would＋動詞原形。⑤是現(xiàn)在完成時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：has/have＋過去分詞。⑥是一般現(xiàn)在時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：謂語動詞為動詞原形或動詞的單數(shù)第三人稱形式。⑦是現(xiàn)在進行時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：am/is/are＋現(xiàn)在分詞。⑧是現(xiàn)在完成進行時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：have/hasbeen＋現(xiàn)在分詞。⑨是一般將來時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋動詞原形。⑩是將來進行時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋be＋現(xiàn)在分詞。1．一般現(xiàn)在時(1)常常表示人的習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的動作。常用的時間狀語有always，usually，often，sometimes，everyday等。Iusuallydomyhomeworkintheeveningeveryday.我通常每天晚上做作業(yè)。(2)在時間、條件等狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。They’llstandbyyouevenifyoudon’tsucceed.即使你不成功，他們也會支持你。(3)表示客觀事實、真理、格言或者警句等。Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。2．一般過去時(1)表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday，lastyear，theotherday等時間狀語連用。Hearrivedatschoolat9∶00amyesterday.他昨天上午九點到學(xué)校。(2)根據(jù)上下文或主從句提示。Ididn’tpasstheexam，whichmademyparentsveryangry.我沒有通過考試，這讓我父母很生氣。3．一般將來時表示未來的動作或狀態(tài)或臨時做出的決定，常用will/shall＋動詞原形或者is/am/aregoingtodo，常與表示將來的時間狀語tomorrow，nextweek等連用。Itissaidthathewillretirenextmonth.據(jù)說他將于下月卸任。單句語法填空1．Thecurtainsareabouttoopen，andinafewminutestheactionanddialogue(tell)youthestory.2．Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever，thereviewsaysit(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking，cyclingorswimming.3．Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award，proudIrene(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.4．現(xiàn)在進行時(1)表示說話時正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，也可表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。Heisplayingbasketballontheplayground.他正在操場上打籃球。(2)某些表示位置移動的動詞，如go，come，leave，arrive，start，move等可用現(xiàn)在進行時表示即將發(fā)生或計劃要做的動作。JohnaswellashissisterissettingoffforTokyotomorrowmorning.約翰和姐姐明天早上要動身去東京。5．過去進行時(1)表示過去某一時刻正在發(fā)生的動作，或過去某一個階段內(nèi)一直在進行的動作。MrsGreenwaspreparinglunchateleventhismorning.格林太太今天上午11點正準備午餐。(2)表示動作在另一個過去的動作發(fā)生時正在進行，常與when，while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句連用。Theteachercameinwhiletheboywasreadinganovel.那個男孩正在讀小說時老師進來了。6．將來進行時表示將來某一時刻或某一段時間里正在進行的動作，常與一些標志性的時間狀語連用。Don’tphonemebetween5and6.We’llbehavingdinnerthen.五點至六點之間不要給我打電話，那時我們在吃飯。單句語法填空1．Lisa(work)asanurseinthehospitalwhenIvisitedhermomlastmonth.2．NextFridayIwillgotoanotherconcert.They(play)somethingbyMozartatthattime.3．—Hi，let’sgoskating.—Sorry，I’mbusyrightnow.I(fill)inanapplicationformforanewjob.7．現(xiàn)在完成時(1)表示動作或過程發(fā)生在說話之前某個沒有明確說出的過去時間，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成，且結(jié)果仍對現(xiàn)在有影響。—I’msorry，butIdon’tquitefollowyou.DidyousayyouwantedtoreturnonSeptember20?—Sorry，Ihaven’tmademyselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20.——對不起，我沒完全明白你的話。你是說你們打算9月20號回來嗎？——對不起，我沒有表達清楚。我們打算10月20號回來。(2)表示一個動作從過去開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)下去。Hisfirstnovelhasreceivedgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.他的第一部小說自上個月出版以來獲得了許多好評。(3)考查現(xiàn)在完成時，往往有較為明顯的時間狀語。如already，just，yet，since，for，uptonow，untilnow，eversince，sofar，recently，lately，inthepast/lastfewyears等。IhavelearnedabouttwohundredEnglishwordsinthepastthreehours.在過去的3小時里我已經(jīng)學(xué)了200多個英語單詞了。(4)下列句型中常用現(xiàn)在完成時。Ithasbeen＋一段時間＋since從句This/That/Itisthefirst/second...timethat＋現(xiàn)在完成時This/That/Itisthebest/finest/mostinteresting...＋名詞＋that＋現(xiàn)在完成時ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavemadeaspeech.這是我第一次做演講。ItisthemostinterestingnovelthatIhaveeverread.這是我所讀過的最有趣的小說。8．過去完成時(1)表示在過去某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作。在by，bytheendof，bythetime，until，before，since后接表示過去某一時間的短語或從句的句子中。Ihadputawaymycellphonebeforemyfathercameback.在我爸爸回來之前我已經(jīng)把手機收起來了。(2)在hardly/scarcely...when...，nosooner...than...句式中，主句常用過去完成時，表示“一……就……”。當(dāng)hardly，scarcely，nosooner置于句首時，其后要用部分倒裝。Nosoonerhadtheyrushedoutofthehousethanitburntdown.他們剛從房子里跑出來房子就燒塌了。單句語法填空1．Beforegettingintothecar，IthoughtI(learn)theinstructor’sorders，butonceIstartedthecar，mymindwentblank.Iforgotwhathe(say)tomealtogether.2．Beingraisedinafamilyofteachers，I(get)plentyofchancestoconnectmyselfwithliteraturesinceayoungage.3．Nosoonerwe(be)seatedthanthebusstarted.9．過去將來時表示從過去的某一時間來看將來要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時常用于賓語從句和間接引語中。Shesaidshewouldretirethenextyear.她說她明年就退休了。Iwonderedwhatmysonwouldsaythenextmoment.我不知道兒子緊接著要說什么。10．現(xiàn)在完成進行時(1)常用來表示開始于過去某個時間，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且會繼續(xù)進行下去的動作。Alltheseyearstheyhavebeencontributingarticlestoourmagazine.這些年來，他們一直為我們雜志寫稿。(2)表示到目前為止的一段時間里一直在反復(fù)進行的動作。Wehavebeenseeingeachotherquitealotrecently.最近我們常常見面。單句語法填空1．—WhereisPeter?Ican’tfindhimanywhere.—Hewenttothelibraryafterbreakfastand(write)hisessaythereeversince.2．AlbertEinsteinwasbornin1879.Asachild，fewpeopleguessedthathe(be)afamousscientistwhosetheories(change)theworld.考點二動詞的語態(tài)XiaoMing’sCellphoneXiaoMing’scellphonewasbroken①byhisfatheryesterdayevening.Icouldn’tgetthroughtohimbecausethecellphonewasbeingrepaired②then.Beforethis，hiscellphonehadbeenbroken③fourtimesbecausehewascareless.XiaoMinglikedcellphonegamessomuchthathedidn’tstudyhard.Cellphonesarewidelyused④nowadays.However，manyofthemarebeingused⑤toplaygamesbyteenagers.Sofar，manyquestionshavebeenraised⑥bytheirparents.Shouldtheybeused⑦bystudents?XiaoMing’scellphonewillberepaired⑧wellsoon.MaybebynextSundaythecellphonewillhavebeenbrought⑨homeandwillbebeingused⑩toplaygamesagain.①是被動語態(tài)的一般過去時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were＋過去分詞。②是被動語態(tài)的過去進行時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were＋being＋過去分詞。③是被動語態(tài)的過去完成時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：hadbeen＋過去分詞。④是被動語態(tài)的一般現(xiàn)在時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：is/am/are＋過去分詞。⑤是被動語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進行時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：is/amare＋being＋過去分詞。⑥是被動語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在完成時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：have/hasbeen＋過去分詞。⑦是帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞。⑧是被動語態(tài)的一般將來時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋be＋過去分詞。⑨是被動語態(tài)的將來完成時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋havebeen＋過去分詞。⑩是被動語態(tài)的將來進行時，結(jié)構(gòu)為：will＋bebeing＋過去分詞。1．不及物動詞及短語沒有被動語態(tài)。Anaccidenthappenedonthewayhomelastnightandfivepeoplewerekilled.昨晚在回家的路上發(fā)生了一起意外事故，死了五個人。Abigfirebrokeoutinourschoollastweek.上周我們學(xué)校發(fā)生了一場大火。2．被動語態(tài)的否定式是在第一個助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后加not，短語動詞的被動語態(tài)不可漏掉其中的介/副詞。如：Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer.夏天不應(yīng)該種樹。Theboywasmadefunofbyhisclassmates.這個男孩被他的同學(xué)取笑了。3．漢語有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中可用被動結(jié)構(gòu)表示，構(gòu)成Itis＋done...形式。如：Itissaid/reportedthat...據(jù)說/據(jù)報道……Itiswellknownthat...眾所周知Itmustbepointedoutthat...必須指出……Itmustbeadmittedthat...人們必須承認……Itisgenerallyconsidered/supposed/hoped/believedthat...人們普遍認為/希望/相信……Itisgenerallyconsideredthatthekeytolearningaforeignlanguagewellisnothingbutpractice.人們普遍認為學(xué)好一門外語的關(guān)鍵就是練習(xí)。Itisreportedthatthetemperaturewilldeclinesharplyinoneortwodays.據(jù)報告，近兩日氣溫將明顯下降。4．下面的主動形式常表示被動意義。如：(1)feel/taste/smell/look/sound＋adj.Junkfoodtastesdeliciousbutitdoesn’tcontainenoughnutrition.垃圾食品吃起來美味但營養(yǎng)不足。Yourideasoundswonderfulbutitisn’tpractical.你的想法聽起來很棒但不切實際。(2)want/need/requiredoingThewindowwants/needs/requiresrepairing.這扇窗戶需要修理。Yourcompositionstillrequirespolishingtobepublished.你的文章出版前還需潤色。(3)wash/sell/write/read＋adv.Theclotheswasheswell.這些衣服很好洗。Hernewbookwasinterestingandsoldwell.她的新書很有趣并且賣得不錯。單句語法填空1．Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.2．Mywashingmachine(repair)thisweek，soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.3．Nowadays，cycling，alongwithjoggingandswimming，(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.4．Ifyouleavetheclub，you(not，allow)backin.5．Igotcaughtintherainonmywayhomeandmynewsuit(ruin)．單句語法填空1．Itisthefirsttimethatmyson(meet)ZhongNanshan，therenownedChineseherofacetoface.2．Thegirl(shake)herheadhappily，andthepotofmilkonherheadimmediatelyfellontotheground.3．Thefatheraswellashiskids(discuss)wheretospendtheweekendnow.4．Whenfatandsalt(remove)fromfood，thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.5．Thedayaftertomorrow，I，aswellasmyfriendsZhangMingandLiHua，(be)goingtobuybooks.6．Eitherthebeautifulviewsofthismoderncityoritslocalcustom(attract)thousandsofvisitorsduringthepastyears.7．Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials，therestofwhich(be)savedforotherpurposes.8．Onthestage(be)anumberoffamoussingers，whosesongsarewelcomedbythemajorityofyoungpeople.9．Ifyoulistentorapmusic，youwillnoticehowthelyrics(歌詞)(speak)inthebackgroundofthesongs.10．Jennyhavekeptherword.Iwonderwhyshechangedhermind.11．Accordingtoanewlyreleasedregulationononlinevideoservices，noonegenerate，releaseorspreadfakenewsorinformationbyusingsuchtechnologies.12．Everycoinhastwosides.Beautifulsongs，sometimes，justbenoisetoothers.13．Mycomputerdidn’tstartthismorning.Therehavebeensomethingwrongwithit.14．Whatapity!Theparentscouldhavesurvivedtheearthquake，they(not，come)backtosavetheirchild.15．Hewould(like)torepresenthiscountryinthe1984WinterOlympics，buttherewerealargenumberofcompetitors，andEdwardsdidn’tqualify.16．Inthelastfewyears，China(make)greatachievementsinenvironmentalprotection.17．Alargepercentageofthepopulationinourcountry(be)farmers.18．Itwasquitealongtimebeforehe(spot)hisoldteacherinthecrowd.19．ThepublicationofGreatExpectations，whichbothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised，strengthenedDickens’statusasaleadingnovelist.20．ThenumberofthechildrenwhoowntheiPads(be)growingallthetime.層級二高考真題練單句語法填空1．The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane，forexample，(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhichopenedin1759.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)2．Byabout6,000BC，people(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.(2020·浙江)3．CarlePieters，ascientistatBrownUniversity，says，“becauseit(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon(construct)．”(2020·全國Ⅰ)4．Whenheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist，theysmiledand(point)downtheriver.(2020·全國Ⅱ)5．Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic(call)galleriesorrooms.Often，onlyasmallpartofmuseum’scollection(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)6．And，asmorechildrenwereborn，morefood(need)．(2020·浙江)7．Then，withtheriseofscience，changesbegan.Newmethods(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.(2020·浙江)8．InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements，leadingtoabeliefthatpopulationsareincreasing.(2019·全國Ⅰ)9．Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers(give)tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.(2019·江蘇)10．Whatapity！Youmissedthesightseeing，orwe(have)agoodtimetogether.(2019·江蘇)11．Ican’tfindmypurse.I(leave)itinthesupermarketyesterday，butI’mnotsure.(2018·天津)12．Intoday’sinformationage，thelossofdatacauseseriousproblemsforacompany.(2018·北京)13．Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey(drive)afewmorekilometers.(2018·北京)14．It’sstrangethathehavetakenthebookswithouttheowner’spermission.(2018·江蘇)15．Ifthenewsafetysystem(put)touse，theaccidentwo