2025年高一英語寒假銜接講練 (譯林版)第07講 閱讀理解(知識講解+名校新題練)(教師版)

第07講閱讀理解目錄新知導航：熟悉題型、掌握知識脈絡基礎知識：知識點全面梳理，掌握必備重點記憶：關鍵點快速記憶，提升能力小試牛刀：考點剖析+過關檢測，合理應用閱讀理解是高考試題中的重頭戲，因此閱讀理解試題的分數(shù)的得失成為高考英語成敗的關鍵。任何一位作者都會有自己的寫作意圖，任何一篇文章都會有自己的中心主旨，而能否明晰作者的寫作意圖，能否把握文章的主旨，是理解一篇文章的關鍵，也是閱讀水平高低的體現(xiàn)。為了考察考生對文章的理解程度和閱讀水平，出題者必然會以各種方式對作者的寫作意圖與文章的主旨要義進行考察。一般來說，文章的主旨經(jīng)常會被表述在文章的首尾中，首尾既包括文章的首段尾段，又包括每一段的段首句和段尾句。要想快速把握文章中心，文本之首尾段和各段之首尾句是最佳切入點，因此高一的同學們應格外注意英語閱讀理解的理解和應用，注意其解題過程。先看問題，再讀文章做閱讀理解是先看問題，還是先看文章，這是很多同學經(jīng)常問的問題。我覺得這兩種方法各有利弊，應視具體情況而定。就閱讀廣告而言，還是先看問題比較好，因為廣告類的試題絕大部分是尋找信息的題目，大可不必從頭讀到尾，帶著問題有針對性地去跳讀、略讀，這樣就可以節(jié)約不少時間。抓住廣告的標題如果廣告有標題，大標題下又有小標題，那么，快速尋找原文信息時，這些標題就成了很重要的線索，可以幫助我們快速準確地找到答案。有些題目考查的就是對廣告標題的理解。逐項比較，得出最佳做閱讀理解題，切不可憑主觀印象，想當然地確定答案。任何一道題目，均可以在原文中找到相關線索，這就如同破譯密碼一樣。做題人的思維過程和編題人的思維過程恰好相反，編題人先找好線索，然后設計問題和選項，解題人根據(jù)問題，再去文中找相關線索。因此，我們做題時要逐項比較，排除錯誤選項，得出最佳答案。4.吃透文章文章大意和中心思想任何一篇文章都會有一個主旨和中心。有時從文章的第一個段落，甚至第一個句子即可得出文章的主旨大意，從這一段或這個句子，我們就會知道文章描述的是什么(即文章的主題)，也會了解作者希望讀者了解主題方面的哪些內容。有時，文章的主旨要義則需從文章的字里行間去濃縮去推斷。這類試題主要考查考生略讀文章、領會駕馭大意的能力，它對考生的歸納、概括能力有一定的要求。5.理解文中具體信息文章主題和中心思想的闡述往往需要大量細節(jié)信息的支持，這些細節(jié)對于理解全文內容至關重要，同時也是歸納和概括文章中心思想的基礎。命題人員往往會要求考生根據(jù)不同的要求，閱讀文章以獲得某些特定的信息或準確地尋求所需的細節(jié)。這類試題有時比較直接，理解字面意思即可答題；有時則較為間接，需要歸納、概括和推理才能答題。6.根據(jù)上下文語境，準確推斷生詞的詞義正確理解文章中單詞或短語的含義是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基礎，不懂單詞含義根本就談不上理解文章。但英語單詞的含義并非完全等同于詞典中所標注的漢語意思，其含義隨不同的語境會有所不同。能根據(jù)上下文正確理解靈活變化的詞義，才算是真正初步具備了一定的閱讀理解能力。此外，閱讀文章時，常常會遇到一些過去未見過的詞，但許多這類生詞的詞義可以通過上下文推斷出來。這種不使用詞典而通過閱讀上下文來推斷生詞含義的能力，是一個合格的讀者所必須具備的能力，因此也是閱讀測試中經(jīng)常檢測的一種能力。7.作出簡單判斷和推理閱讀文章的主要目的是獲取信息，即作者所要傳達的信息。在實際的閱讀活動中，有時需要根據(jù)文章提供的事實和線索，進行邏輯推理，推測作者未提到的事實或某事發(fā)生的可能性等。8.準確把握作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度每篇文章都有一個特定的寫作目的，或是向讀者傳遞某個信息，或是愉悅讀者，或是講授某個道理。而這些信息通常并不是明確表達出來，而是隱含在文章之中。因此，這類問題要求考生在理解文章總體內容的基礎上，去領會作者的言外之意?！睂τ⒄Z閱讀能力的考查是英語高考的重中之重，除閱讀理解題外，其他各種題型從單項填空到書面表達尤其是完形填空和短文該錯都與我們的英語閱讀能力有密切的關系。難怪有的教師在分析高考英語試卷時得出這樣的結論“得閱讀者得天下”。細節(jié)理解題直接信息題★解題方略①認真閱讀題干，根據(jù)關鍵詞明確答題方向②運用略讀及查讀技巧迅速找到文中與問題相關的信息③仔細比較所給選項，與原文信息對應，鎖定正確選項設題方式①When/Wheredidthestoryhappen?②Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)correct/wrong/false?③Whichofthefollowingstatementsis(not)mentioned/includedinthepassage?④WhowouldmostprobablyenterforTakeaview?⑤Allthestatementsaretrueexcept________.⑥WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabout________？⑦Whichofthemaps/diagramsshowstherightpositionof...?2.間接信息題★解題方略①閱讀題干，有針對性地掃讀原文，鎖定相關詞句等信息②仔細比較選項和原文信息，選擇正確或最佳的答案③準確理解每個選項的意思，尋找與原文信息相關的同義詞，近義詞或反義詞設題方式①Whichistherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage?②Bythefirstsentenceofthepassage,theauthormeansthat…？③What’stherightorderoftheeventsrelatedto…?④Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat…⑤Whatwasthereasonfor…?⑥Whatcanwelearnaboutthepetlizard…?3.數(shù)字計算題★解題方略①明確題干要求，鎖定原文相關信息②對相關信息和數(shù)字進行分析和理解③利用加、減、乘、除等運算方法進行計算，確定答案設題方式①Whichnumbershouldyoucallifyouwanttoworkwiththeelderly?②Howmany/Howmuch...?推理判斷題1.隱含與預測推斷★解題方略①鎖定題干中infer，conclude，suggest，imply，indicate，assume等詞，明確答題方向②根據(jù)語篇，對事件可能產生的結局或下段可能涉及的內容等進行推理③瀏覽四個選項，首先排除與原文信息一樣的選項④立足原文，結合語境和常識，在字面意義的基礎上進行合乎邏輯的推斷設題方式①Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat.②Accordingto...,wecaninferthat.③Thestoryimpliesthat.④Comparedwithothersimilarproducts,thenewdesign________.⑤Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.⑥Thepassage/writer/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat________.⑦Wecaninferfromthe(first/last)passagethat________.⑧Theunderlinedsentenceindicatesthat________.⑨Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?2.文章出處題★解題方略①原則：從文章的內容或結構判斷起出處②方法對號入座—— 報紙：前面常會出現(xiàn)日期、地點或通訊社名稱廣告：格式特殊，容易辨認產品說明：常含有操作方式、使用方法等網(wǎng)頁：常還有網(wǎng)頁的典型用語設題方式①Thetextismostlikelytobetakenfrom________.②Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthistext?③Thepassageislikelytoappearin_________.④Whereisthepassagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?⑤Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?⑥Wherecanthetextbefound?3.觀點態(tài)度題——關鍵詞句法★解題方略①選項常用詞匯--subjective/objective/neutral/indifferent/unclearpositive/approval/optimistic/hopefulnegative/disapproval/critical/pessimistic/doubtful/skeptical②關鍵詞句法——全面理解文章的內容和中心思想抓住體現(xiàn)人物觀點態(tài)度的關鍵句或列舉的事例注意流露作者思想傾向或感情色彩的形容詞、副詞、動詞設題方式①Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.②Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?③Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat________.④Theattitudeoftheauthortowardssomebody/somethingis________.⑤Theauthor'sattitudetowards...canbebestdescribedas________.⑥Thetoneofthispassageisbestdescribedas_______.⑦Whatdoestheauthormostlikelywanttotellus?⑧WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorsoonafterhemovedtoLondon?詞句猜測題1.詞(短語)義猜測題★解題方略①依據(jù)構詞法猜測詞(短語)義——合成、派生、轉化②依據(jù)反義詞和對比關系猜測詞(短語)義——but/yet/however/nevertheless/while/whereas/otherwise/orelse/unlike/instead/ratherthan/bycontrast/comparedto/onthecontrary/ontheotherhand③依據(jù)定義、解釋或同位關系猜測詞(短語)義——tobedefinedas/tobecalled/thatistobe/tomean/toreferto/thatis(tosay)/inotherwords/namely④依據(jù)上下文猜測詞(短語義)——因果關系、同位關系、對比關系、轉折關系設題方式①Accordingtothepassage,theword“…”probablymeans_______.②Theunderlinedword“…”means_____.③Whatdoestheword“…”meaninthesecondparagraph?④Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedpart?⑤Asusedinthepassage,thephrase“…”suggests_______.⑥Theword...couldbestbereplacedby________.⑦Theauthorusestheword...tomean________.2.指代猜測題★解題方略①方法——宏觀把握——充分把握代詞指代所在的段落或前面段落的整體意義微觀入手——抓住關鍵詞或關鍵句，理清邏輯關系②人稱代詞——it,they,them,he,she等③不定代詞——something,anything,someone,anyone等④指示代詞——this,that,these,those等設題方式Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“...”standsfor?Theword...couldbestbereplacedby________.Inthe...paragraph,theword...means(refersto)________.Accordingtothepassage，...probablymeans________.主旨大意題1.歸納文章標題★解題方略①方法——中心句法——根據(jù)文章中心句，提煉主題詞充當文章標題1=1——當文章的寫作對象特點較多時，常用寫作對象的名稱充當文章的題目1+1=1將文章的寫作對象和其主要特點、意義或影響整合充當文章的題目②特點——概括性——抽象、準確、簡短，常用一個短語或一句話針對性——標題外延恰當，與文章內容相符，避免以偏概全醒目性——新穎奇特，激發(fā)讀者的閱讀興趣設題方式①Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassagemightbe________.②Thetext/passagecouldbeentitled________.③Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?④Whichofthefollowingwouldbesuitableasatitleforthepassage?⑤Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?⑥Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?⑦Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis________.⑧Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?2.概括文章大意(主旨大意)★解題方略①借助段落主題句歸納——常見位置——段首、段中、段末②借助文章主題段歸納——常見位置——首段(新聞報道、議論文、說明文)、末段(記敘文、議論文)③借助主題詞歸納——抓住文中出現(xiàn)頻率較高的主題詞，然后對其進行概括和歸納，確定文章的主旨大意設題方式Thispassagechieflydealswith/ismainlyconcernedabout________.②What'sthetopicofthearticle?③Whatisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?④Withwhattopicisthepassagechieflyconcerned?⑤What'sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?⑥Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis________.⑦Fromthepassageweknowthat________.⑧Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?⑨Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainidea/themeofthepassage?⑩Inthispassagetheauthordiscussesprimarily________.Thegeneral/mainideaofthepassageisabout________.3.段落大意題★解題方略方法1：概括段落大意要準確概括某段的大意，務必要知道該段的邏輯結構。如該段是按總分順序組織，首句做總的說明，其他句子對其進行具體論述，這種結構的主題句就在段首；如果按分總順序組織，主題句就在段尾；如果按分總分的順序組織，則主題句就在這段話的中間；如果對比各事物，那么它們的共同點或不同點就是該段大意。方法2：揣摩段落大意有時，作者可能不直接寫出主題句，而是通過各種方法暗示給讀者，這就需要讀者充分發(fā)揮想象力與判斷力，揣摩段落大意。設題方式①WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph...?②Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis______.③Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout________.④WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizePara.1?4.篇章結構題★解題方略(1)段落(篇章)論證方式——按照事物發(fā)展的順序、按照事件的先后順序、按照人物的活動內容、按照地點和空間的變換(2)四步解題法——①抓文章中心句——重視文章首段和末段②抓段落中心句——重視段落首句和尾句③看段間邏輯關系——總分式結構：總——分；總——分——總；分——總對照式結構——一正一反并列式結構——平行關系，相對獨立④對比選項定答案設題方式①Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassage?②Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructure/organizationofthepassage?③Thesecondparagraphisdevelopedby?④Thepassageismainlydeveloped/organizedby_______?⑤Howdoestheauthordevelopthepassage?閱讀理解Passage1(2023上·江蘇·高一校聯(lián)考階段練習)WhenArielRojasrodeherbiketoBayWildlifeReserveinQueens,NewYork,lastNovember,sheplannedtogohikingandbird-watching.Amileintoherwalk,shesuddenlyspottedabeautifulswanstrugglingnearthewater’sedge.Ariel,30,whohadworkedattheWildBirdRecoveryCenterinManhattanknewthatswanswerelikelytoviewherasapredatorandattackherbutassheapproachedthisone,itdidn’tmove.Shewascertainthatthebirdneededmedicalattention,soshecoveredherjacketoverthebird’sheadtokeepitcalm,gentlypickeditupbutthenathoughtstruckher:WhatshouldIdonext?ThenearestWildBirdRecoveryCenterwasacrosstheEastRiverandclearontheothersideoftown.Howwasshegoingtocarrya17-poundswanonherbikeallthatway?Luckily,somestrangersdrivingbyofferedher,herbike,andtheswanalifttoanearbysubwaystation.Onthesubway,nooneseemedtobeparticularlybotheredbythefeatheredpassenger.“Oneguy,”saidAriel,“wassittingrightinfrontofmeonhisphone.Idon’tknowifheevennoticedtherewasaswaninfrontofhim.”Rojascalledthecenterontheway,andTristanHiggin,ananimal-caremanager,pickedherupatthesubwaystationanddrovebird,bike,andRojastothefacility.There,staffmembersdeterminedthattheswanmighthaveheavymetalpoisoning,causedbytakinginweightsusedonfishinglines.Thestaffgottheswanbackuponherfeet,Sheevenmadefriendsatthecenter—anotherinjuredswan.Sadly,evenwithallthatlovingcare,theswandidn’tpickup.TwomonthsafterRojascametoheraid,shepassedaway.It’sadisappointingending,buttherealstoryisjusthowfarsomepeoplearewillingtogotosaveaswaninthebigcity.Inall,Rojastraveledtwohoursbyfoot,car,andsubwaywhiledraggingherbike.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“predator”inparagraph1mean?A.Apotentialvolunteer, B.Alikelyaudience. C.Apotentialkiller. D.Alikelyhelper.2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.ItwaseasyforArieltocarrythelittleswan. B.Theswanranintoherwayandwashit.C.Rojassenttheswantothecenterallbyherself. D.Theswanwaskindlyandlovinglytreated.3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeRojas?A.Kind-heartedandimaginative. B.Caringandhelpful.C.Strong-mindedandenergetic. D.Positiveandcreative.i4.Whatmaybethebesttitleofthepassage?A.APoorSwanSavedbyLove. B.AVolunteerLovingandSavingBirds.C.LovingHonkstoSaveSwans. D.APoorSwanSurroundedwithLove.【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.C【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了ArielRojas營救一只受傷天鵝的故事，雖然經(jīng)過愛心營救，天鵝不久還是死去，警示人們“為了保護天鵝鳥類，要按響汽車喇叭(不要撞傷它們)”。1.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“andattackher(并攻擊她)”以及“butassheapproachedthisone,itdidn’tmove(但當她靠近這只天鵝時，它沒有動)”說明正常情況下天鵝會把她當成可能的敵人而攻擊她，從而推知“Ariel,30,whohadworkedattheWildBirdRecoveryCenterinManhattanknewthatswanswerelikelytoviewherasapredator(30歲的Ariel曾在曼哈頓的野生鳥類恢復中心工作，她知道天鵝很可能會把她視為predator)”句中劃線單詞意思是“可能的敵人”，C項“潛在的殺手”與之最為接近。故選C項。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Howwasshegoingtocarrya17-poundswanonherbikeallthatway?Luckily,somestrangersdrivingbyofferedher,herbike,andtheswanalifttoanearbysubwaystation.(她怎么能背著一只17磅重的天鵝一路騎自行車呢？幸運的是，一些開車經(jīng)過的陌生人讓她、她的自行車和天鵝搭便車去附近的地鐵站。)”等內容可知，天鵝很重，不容易搬運，并且，一路上不是她完全自己把天鵝送去中心的，故排除AC項；根據(jù)第一段中“Amileintoherwalk,shesuddenlyspottedabeautifulswanstrugglingnearthewater’sedge.(走了一英里后，她突然發(fā)現(xiàn)一只美麗的天鵝在水邊掙扎。)”可知，天鵝不是在路上被她遇到的，排除B項；根據(jù)最后一段中“Sadly,evenwithallthatlovingcare,theswandidn’tpickup.(可悲的是，即使有了這么多的關愛，天鵝也沒有恢復正常。)”等內容可知，這只天鵝受到了熱情體貼的關懷。故選D項。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“It’sadisappointingending,buttherealstoryisjusthowfarsomepeoplearewillingtogotosaveaswaninthebigcity.Inall,Rojastraveledtwohoursbyfoot,car,andsubwaywhiledraggingherbike.(這是一個令人失望的結局，但真實的故事是，在這個大城市里，某些人為了拯救天鵝，愿意奔走多遠?？偣玻_哈斯拖著她的自行車，步行、開車、乘地鐵走了兩個小時。)”可知，Rojas為了救助天鵝，不辭勞苦，從而推知，她是個有愛心樂意施助的人。故選B項。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段的“Luckily,somestrangersdrivingbyofferedher,herbike,andtheswanalifttoanearbysubwaystation.(幸運的是，一些開車經(jīng)過的陌生人讓她、她的自行車和天鵝搭便車去附近的地鐵站。)”和最后一段“It’sadisappointingending,buttherealstoryisjusthowfarsomepeoplearewillingtogotosaveaswaninthebigcity.Inall,Rojastraveledtwohoursbyfoot,car,andsubwaywhiledraggingherbike.(這是一個令人失望的結局，但真正的故事是，在這個大城市里，一些人愿意在多大程度上拯救一只天鵝?？偟膩碚f科多瓦·羅哈斯步行、乘車和地鐵，歷經(jīng)兩個小時，還拖著她的自行車。)可知，文章講述了ArielRojas在散步時發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只需要救助的天鵝。最終在陌生的司機等人不斷幫助下，她成功將天鵝送到了康復中心。這個故事展示了人們?yōu)檎纫吧鷦游锼冻龅呐Α項“挽救天鵝的愛的鳴笛”為最佳標題，充分體現(xiàn)了在ArielRojas救助天鵝途中各個陌生司機給予的幫助和ArielRojas的愛心。故選C項。Passage2(2023上·江蘇無錫·高一泰州中學校聯(lián)考階段練習)Inthepastfiveyears,arevolution(革命)hasgatheredpaceinthetransportsector.Electriccarshavehitthemainstream.Thelatestfiguresreleasedon26AprilbytheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)suggestalmostone-in-fivenewcarssoldworldwidethisyearwillbeeitherafull-batteryorplug-inhybrid(插電式混合動力)models.Intotal,14millionofthesekindsofvehiclesareexpectedtobesoldthisyear,upfromaroundamillionin2017.Thisexplosivegrowthisatestamenttoindustryinnovationandgovernmentinterventions(干預).Fallingbatterycostshavedeliveredlonger-rangecars,boostingtheirconsumerappeal.Meanwhile,governmentpolicies,includingupcomingrestrictionsonthesaleofnewpetrolanddiesel(柴油)carsinsomecountries,havecausedpeopletochoosezero-emissiondriving.Butalthoughelectrificationoftheglobalvehiclefleetbringsclimatebenefits,thereisalsocauseforconcern.SUVshavebeengrowinginpopularityinrecentyears,accountingfor42%ofallcarsalesin2020.Atthesametime,electricSUVshavealsogainedground,representingroughly35%ofelectricpassengercarsalesin2022.ElectricSUVsarestillgreenerthantheirpetrolanddieselcounterparts,buttheirsizeandweighterasesomeoftheclimategainsfrommovingtoelectricvehicles.Theirlargerbatteriesalsorequiremorerawminerals,puttingextrapressureonalreadystretchedglobalsupplies.“Thetrendtowardslargercarsisdefinitelynotdesirableatall,”saysChristianBrandfromtheUniversityofOxford.Airpollutionisanotherworry.“Thebenefitofmovingtoanelectricvehicle,fromanexhaust(廢氣)emissionpointofviewisprettysmall,”saysFrankKellyfromImperialCollegeLondon.Andsinceelectricvehiclesstillproducepollutionfromtheirtyres,brakesandroadwear,airpollutionwon’tfullygoaway.“We’restillgoingtohaveaprettybigprobleminourcities,”saysKelly.Assuch,governmentsmustdomoretoreducecardependency,particularlyinurbanareas,saysKelly.“Cleanpublictransportisthesolutiontoourairpollutionprobleminurbanareas.”hesays.5.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Howthecarindustrytransformed.B.Whypeopleturntoelectricvehicles.C.Apredictionofthecarindustry’sfuture.D.Acomparisonbetweenelectricvehiclesandtraditionalones.6.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedpart“gainedground”inparagraph4?A.Metwithopposition. B.Controlthemarket.C.Madesignificantprogress. D.Goneintogradualdecline(下降).7.WhatdoesKellysuggestpeopledo?A.Usepublictransport. B.Sharecarswithothers.C.Stopusingpetrolvehicles. D.Choosesmallerelectricvehicles.8.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Electricvehiclesarerapidlytakingoff—butisthatagoodthing?B.Thefutureofelectricvehiclesandmaterialresources?C.Howgreenareelectricvehicles?Well,thatdepends.D.DidSUVsjustwintheelectricvehiclemarket?【答案】5.B6.C7.A8.A【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了電動汽車行業(yè)迅速發(fā)展，但是也有令人擔憂的理由。5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thisexplosivegrowthisatestamenttoindustryinnovationandgovernmentinterventions( 干預 ).Fallingbatterycostshavedeliveredlonger-rangecars,boostingtheirconsumerappeal.Meanwhile,governmentpolicies,includingupcomingrestrictionsonthesaleofnewpetrolanddiesel( 柴油 )carsinsomecountries,havecausedpeopletochoosezero-emissiondriving.(這種爆炸式增長是行業(yè)創(chuàng)新和政府干預的證明。電池成本的下降帶來了續(xù)航里程更遠的汽車，提高了它們對消費者的吸引力。與此同時，政府的政策，包括即將在一些國家限制銷售新的汽油和柴油汽車，促使人們選擇零排放駕駛。)”可知，文章第三段主要講述了為什么人們轉向電動汽車。故選B。6.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文“SUVshavebeengrowinginpopularityinrecentyears,accountingfor42%ofallcarsalesin2020.(近年來，SUV越來越受歡迎，到2020年占汽車總銷量的42%。)”和下文“...representingroughly35%ofelectricpassengercarsalesin2022.(……到2022年約占電動乘用車銷量的35%。)”可知，與此同時，電動SUV也取得了進展，由此可推知，gainedground意為“取得重大進展”。故選C。7.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段““Cleanpublictransportisthesolutiontoourairpollutionprobleminurbanareas.”hesays.(“清潔的公共交通是解決城市空氣污染問題的辦法。”他說。)”可知，Kelly建議人們使用公共交通。故選A。8.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Inthepastfiveyears,arevolutionhasgatheredpaceinthetransportsector.Electriccarshavehitthemainstream.(在過去的五年里，一場革命在交通運輸領域加快了步伐。電動汽車已經(jīng)成為主流。)”和文章第四段“Butalthoughelectrificationoftheglobalvehiclefleetbringsclimatebenefits,thereisalsocauseforconcern.(但是，盡管全球汽車的電氣化帶來了氣候效益，但也有令人擔憂的理由。)”可知，文章主要講述了電動汽車行業(yè)迅速發(fā)展，但是也有令人擔憂的理由。A項：Electricvehiclesarerapidlytakingoff—butisthatagoodthing?(電動汽車正在迅速起飛——但這是一件好事嗎？)是合適的標題。故選A。Passage3(2023上·江蘇·高一校聯(lián)考階段練習)“Thesedogsaremycompanions,”saysDarrenEgan,a12-year-olddogtrainer,asheissittingonIndie,his44-kiloAmericanBully(斗牛犬).“Itrustthem.”Darrenandhisdad,Michael,havedriven17hoursfromIrelandtocompeteinChampsCamp,adogshowrunthismonthbytheUKBullyKennelClub.They’veevenbroughttogetherloversoftheBully,akindofdogknownforitsstrengthandstrongwilltoattack.BulliescameintoAmericaroughlyadecadeago.Yet,recentlytherehasbeengrowingconcernaboutwhethersomebulliesarebynatureeasiertoattackpeople,nomatterwhotheowneris.Bullyxls,thelargesttype,havekilledeightpeoplesince2021,includingtwothisyear.Whatisespeciallyalarmingisthatbothpeoplewhowerekilledthisyearwereexperiencedindealingwithdogs.BullyWatch,anorganizationresponsibleforcontrollingtheirbirth,claimsbulliescarriedout45%ofalldogattacksthisyear.InoneweekinJuly,bullieskilledsevenotherdogs,Bullyownersandothers,includingtheDogControlAssociationwantofficialstotargetindividualdogsthatactdangerously.ThosewhoattendChampsCampsaythebulliesaremisunderstood.Ownersshowofftheirdogs’gentlenature.“I’dputmybaby’shandinhismouth.”saysoneman.Anothertellshowhispetisusedasatreatmentinanoldpeople’shome.Therealproblem,theysay,isownerswhocannotcontroltheiranimals.Theirbirthcontrollingisanotherissue,BullyWatchreportsthat97%ofbulliesarebornillegally.TheDailyMirrorisapplyingforaban(禁令)onraisingthem,InJuly,aministersaidabanwasanoptionPressureforonegrowswithnewsofeveryhorribleattack.However,atChampsCamp,therewaslittleconcernthatchangewouldcomesoon.Peoplewhosupportabanarewelcomedbyanumberofownersshouting“beatyou.”Sometimes,ownersaremorefrighteningthantheirdogs.9.WhatcanpeopledoinChampsCamp?A.Watchexcitingfightsamongdogs. B.Showgoodqualitiesoftheirdogs.C.Callonpeopletocontroldogs’birth. D.Enjoydogs’companyasatreatment.10.Whyarepeopleworried?A.Therearetoomanybulliesaroundthem, B.Chancesarethatbulliescanattackpeople.C.Bulliesaretoogentleforownerstoraise, D.Theownersaretoocrazyabouttheirpets,11.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthebanonraisingbullies?A.Unclear. B.Negative. C.Positive. D.Unconcerned.12.Whatcanbeinferredaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Ownersofbulliesaremorefrighteningthantheirdogs.B.Thebanonraisingbulliesiscertaintotakeeffect.C.Ownersofbulliesarestronglyagainsttheban.D.Individualdogsthatactdangerouslywillbetargeted.【答案】9.B10.B11.A12.C【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了斗牛犬在美國攻擊人的現(xiàn)象引起了人們的擔心，以及斗牛犬主人對禁止飼養(yǎng)斗牛犬這一禁令的態(tài)度。9.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Darrenandhisdad,Michael,havedriven17hoursfromIrelandtocompeteinChampsCamp,adogshowrunthismonthbytheUKBullyKennelClub.”(達倫和他的爸爸邁克爾從愛爾蘭開了17個小時的車，來參加本月由英國斗牛犬俱樂部舉辦的ChampsCamp狗展。)以及第三段中“ThosewhoattendChampsCampsaythebulliesaremisunderstood.Ownersshowofftheirdogs’gentlenature.”(參加ChampsCamp的人說，斗牛犬被誤解了。主人們炫耀他們的狗狗溫順的天性。)可知，人們在ChampsCamp可以展示他們狗的良好品質。故選B項。10.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Yet,recentlytherehasbeengrowingconcernaboutwhethersomebulliesarebynatureeasiertoattackpeople,nomatterwhotheowneris.Bullyxls,thelargesttype,havekilledeightpeoplesince2021,includingtwothisyear.Whatisespeciallyalarmingisthatbothpeoplewhowerekilledthisyearwereexperiencedindealingwithdogs.”(然而，最近人們越來越關注一些斗牛犬是否天生就更容易攻擊人，不管主人是誰。自2021年以來，最大類型的斗牛犬已經(jīng)造成8人死亡，其中包括今年的兩人。尤其令人擔憂的是，今年被殺的兩個人都有與狗打交道的經(jīng)驗。)可知，人們擔心的原因是斗牛犬可能會攻擊人。故選B項。11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“TheDailyMirrorisapplyingforaban(禁令)onraisingthem,InJuly,aministersaidabanwasanoptionPressureforonegrowswithnewsofeveryhorribleattack.”(《每日鏡報》正在申請禁止養(yǎng)斗牛犬。7月，一位部長表示，禁令是一種選擇，隨著每一起恐怖襲擊的新聞，人們的壓力越來越大。)可知，對于禁止飼養(yǎng)斗牛犬的態(tài)度，在文章中并未明確表述作者本人的立場，文章描述了支持禁令的《每日鏡報》的舉措，和一位部長的評論，但并沒有直接表達作者本人對禁止飼養(yǎng)斗牛犬立場。作者保持了一定的距離和中立性，報道了不同群體的看法而沒有表現(xiàn)出自己的偏好。由此可推知，作者對禁止養(yǎng)斗牛犬的態(tài)度是不明確的，不清楚的。故選A項。12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“However,atChampsCamp,therewaslittleconcernthatchangewouldcomesoon.Peoplewhosupportabanarewelcomedbyanumberofownersshouting“beatyou.”Sometimes,ownersaremorefrighteningthantheirdogs.”(然而，在ChampCamp，幾乎沒有人擔心變化會很快到來。那些支持禁止飼養(yǎng)斗牛犬的人被許多主人用“揍你”的呼喊聲歡迎。有時候，主人比他們的狗更可怕。)可推知，斗牛犬的主人強烈反對這一禁令。故選C項。Passage4(2023上·江蘇連云港·高一統(tǒng)考期中)Whileahealthydiethasalwaysbeenconsiderednecessaryforfitness,manyhospitalshavefailedtonoticeitspowerfulpotentialforcuring.Insomeareas,that’sbeginningtochange.InPennsylvaniafouryearsago,St.Luke’sHospitalpartneredwithRodaleInstitutetostartanorganicproduce(有機農產品)farmatthehospital’scampusinEaston.Sinceitsfirstseason,theSt.Luke’sfarmhasbecomegreaterinsize.Today,St.Luke’ssendsallnewmothershomewithabasketoforganicproduce.Newmomsaren’ttheonlyonesbenefitingfromthefarm’sgenerousactions.Organicproduceisalsoservedtopatients.Meanwhile,itiscookedupincafeteriasoperatedbythehospital’ssix-campusnetworkandsoldatnearbyfarmers’markets.Whilesomehospitalsaregettingfoodfromnearbyfarms,othersareturningunusedlandontheirgroundsintocommunity(社區(qū))gardens.Eventhoughmosthospitalfarmsaren’tgrowingenoughtocompletelygivetheirworkersandpatientsfoodneeds,providingevenasmallamountoffreshproducemakeseducationalinformationabouthowhealthyanddeliciousaplant-richdietcanbe.Whilethefarm-to-hospitalmovementcontinuestogainsupport,it’sexperiencingsomechallengesalongtheway.Forone,healthworkersdon’tnecessarilyknowhowtogrowfood.Thismeansthatmosthospitalsneedtohireafull-timefarmerandotherfarmlabortomanagetheland,whichcanbeexpensive.Ittakesbetween3and5yearsformosthospitalfarmstomakethecostandincomeequal.Evenso,thesehospitalsbelievethatthebenefitsareworthwhile.Asthemovementcontinuestoenlarge,youmightsoonexperienceafarm-freshmealatahospitalnearyou.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“its”inParagraph1referto?A.RodaleInstitute’s. B.St.Luke’sfarm’s.C.Thecommunity’s. D.St.Luke’shospital’s.14.WhatcanwelearnaboutSt.Luke’sHospital?A.Itoperatesahospitalfarmalone.B.Itsellsorganicproducetopatients.C.Itpaysmuchlessattentiontoahealthydiet.D.Itoffersnewmomsorganicproduceforfree.15.Whydosomehospitalscreatecommunitygardens?A.Togetplantsfromthecommunity.B.Tomakefulluseofthegreenland.C.Tooffertheirworkersenoughfood.D.Toeducatepeopleonaplant-richdiet.16.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Managinghospitalfarmscostsnothing.B.Hospitalfarmswillbenefitmorepeople.C.Farm-to-hospitalmovementisworthless.D.Healthworkershavetolearntogrowfood.【答案】13.B14.D15.D16.B【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了醫(yī)院開始意識到健康飲食更深遠的作用，故而開展了種植有機植物的“農場到醫(yī)院”運動。13.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中“InPennsylvaniafouryearsago,St.Luke’sHospitalpartneredwithRodaleInstitutetostartanorganicproduce(有機農產品)farmatthehospital’scampusinEaston.Sinceitsfirstseason,theSt.Luke’sfarmhasbecomegreaterinsize.(四年前，在賓夕法尼亞州，圣盧克醫(yī)院與Rodale研究所合作，在醫(yī)院位于伊斯頓的院區(qū)里開辦了一個有機農產品農場。從第一季開始，圣盧克農場的規(guī)模就變得更大了)”可知，圣盧克醫(yī)院與Rodale研究所合作開辦了圣盧克農場，從這個農場的第一季開始，它的規(guī)模就變得更大了，故“its”是指代“圣盧克農場的”。故選B。14.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Today,St.Luke’ssendsallnewmothershomewithabasketoforganicproduce.Newmomsaren’ttheonlyonesbenefitingfromthefarm’sgenerousactions.(今天，圣盧克醫(yī)院會給所有新媽媽送一籃子有機農產品回家。新媽媽們并不是唯一從農場的慷慨舉動中受益的人)”可知，圣盧克農場為初為人母的人免費提供有機農產品。故選D。15.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Whilesomehospitalsaregettingfoodfromnearbyfarms,othersareturningunusedlandontheirgroundsintocommunity(社區(qū))gardens.Eventhoughmosthospitalfarmsaren’tgrowingenoughtocompletelygivetheirworkersandpatientsfoodneeds,providingevenasmallamountoffreshproducemakeseducationalinformationabouthowhealthyanddeliciousaplant-richdietcanbe.(雖然一些醫(yī)院從附近的農場獲取食物，但其他醫(yī)院正在將其場地上未使用的土地變成社區(qū)花園。盡管大多數(shù)醫(yī)院農場的產量不足以完全滿足他們的工人和病人的食物需求，但提供少量的新鮮農產品也能讓人們了解到富含植物的飲食是多么健康和美味)”可知，一些醫(yī)院建立社區(qū)花園是為了教育人們吃富含植物的食物。故選D。16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Asthemovementcontinuestoenlarge,youmightsoonexperienceafarm-freshmealatahospitalnearyou.(隨著這一運動的不斷擴大，你可能很快就會在附近的醫(yī)院里體驗到一頓新鮮的農場餐)”可推知，“農場到醫(yī)院”運動不斷擴大，會讓更多人受益。故選B。Passage5(2023上·江蘇南京·高一統(tǒng)考期中)Seattle’spublicschoolsystemonFridayfiledalawsuit(起訴)againstseveralBigTechcompanies,includingFacebook,TikTok,SnapchatandYouTube,claiming(聲稱)thattheirplatformshaveanegativeinfluenceonstudents’mentalhealthandtheabilityofitsschoolstocompletetheireducationaltasks.Theschooldistrict,whichisthelargestinthestateofWashingtonwithnearly50,000students,claimedthatinordertoincreasetheirincome,thecompanieshavesuccessfullytakenadvantageofthevulnerable(易受影響的)brainsofyouthtolengthenthetimeusersspendontheirplatforms.Theactiontakenbytheplatformshasbeenakeyfactorincausingyouthmentalhealthproblems,whichhasbeenmarkedbymoreandmoreyouthstrugglingwithanxiety,depression,thoughtsofself-harmandsoon.Asisvisible(可見的),studentsexperiencinganxiety,depression,andothermentalhealthproblemsperformworseinschool,andarelesslikelytoattendschool,morelikelytotakedrugs.Thedistrictcontinuestotakeadditionalstepstotrainteachersandscreenstudentsformentalhealthsymptoms(癥狀)whomayneedfurthersupport,butitneedsanall-rounded,long-termplanhelpingwiththegrowingmentalhealthproblems.Whileagrowingnumberoffamilieshavefiledlawsuitsagainstsocialmediacompaniesfortheirnegativeinfluenceonthementalhealthoftheirchildren,it’sunusualtoseeaschooldistricttakesuchastep