Grammar2nd定語從句學習資料

Grammar2ndAttributiveClause定語從句-I定語從句（Attributeclause）簡介用來說明主句中某一名詞或代詞（有時也可說明整個主句或主句中一部分）而起定語作用的句子叫作定語從句。定語從句一般位于所修飾名詞（或代詞）之后，被修飾的名詞（或代詞）叫做先行詞（antecedent）。引導定語從句的關(guān)系詞為關(guān)系代詞（that,which,who,whom）和關(guān)系副詞(where,when，why)。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做主語，賓語，定語等，關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中只做狀語.E.g.ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman關(guān)系代詞的選擇用于限制從句或非限制性從句只用于限制性從句代替人代替物代替人或物主語whowhichthat賓語whomwhichthat定語whose(=ofwhom)whose(=ofwhich)用作關(guān)聯(lián)詞的關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,.whose,that,which等。who是主格，在從句中用作主語（在非正式的英語中亦可以用作賓語）；whom是賓格，在從句中做賓語；whose是屬格，在從句中用作定語（有時亦可指物）He’samanwhomeanswhathesays.TheyoungmanwithwhomItraveledcouldspeak5languages.Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.I’dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.that在從句中即可以用作主語也可以用作賓語；即可以指人也可以指物，但在當代英語中多指物。which在從句中既可以用作主語，也可以用作賓語；一般皆指物。Thisisthebookwhichhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.WhereisthebookwhichIboughtthismorning?關(guān)系代詞在賓語從句中用作介詞賓語時，介詞既可置于從句之首，亦可置于從句之末。但置于從句之首較為正式。Thisisthebookwhichyouaskedfor.Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.關(guān)系代詞who和that用作介詞賓語時，介詞須置于句末.如關(guān)系代詞緊跟在介詞之后，只能用which和whom。HereisthecarthatItoldyouabout./HereisthecaraboutwhichItoldyou.Thisistheboywhoheworkedwithintheoffice./Thisistheboywithwhomheworkedintheoffice.thatV.S.which,who3:3:1先行詞指人時，關(guān)系代詞既可以用who,亦可以用that。但關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語時，多用主格who.Personwhoarequarrelsomearedespised.(除person外，還有people,those等皆多用who)Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.(代詞為he，they，any,all，one等之后多用who.)I’llpardonhimwhoishonest.(描述性定語從句中用who.)Ithinkitisyouwhoshouldprovetome.(在強調(diào)句中用who.)下列情況多用whichLarrytoldmethestoryoftheyoungairmanwhichInarratedatthebeginningofthisbook.(離先行詞較遠)Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellsbest.(“those+復數(shù)名詞”之后)ThisisoneofwhichI’mspeaking.(介詞之后)在非限定性定語從句中不能用thatWater,whichisclearliquid,hasmanyuses.which可以引導修飾整個主句的定語從句。NewConceptEnglishisintendedforforeignstudents,whichisknowntoallofus.如果先行詞是all,much,anything,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代詞。關(guān)系代詞一般用that，不用which（但something，everything，anything后偶爾也用which）。Shehasnothingthatisgoodtosay,Thebookdoesn’tsaymuchthatamuseschildren.That’sall(that)Icoulddoatthattime.先行詞如果被形容詞最高級以及first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very等修飾，引導限定性定語從句常用關(guān)系詞that，不用which，who或者whomHeistheonlypersonthatwaspresentatthetime.ThisisthebestTVsetthatismadeinChina.Pleasesendusanyinformationthatyouhaveaboutthesubject.如果有兩個或兩個以上的先行詞，兼指人或物，應用thatHewaswatchingthechildrenandparcelsthatfilledthecar.Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.先行詞是集體名詞用who還是which如果先行詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體。關(guān)系代詞用which；如果指集體中個各個成員，則用who。Thebasketballteam,whichwonthelastchampion,willcomeoutfirst.Thebasketballteam,whoarehavingarest,willbeginanothermatchin20minutes.關(guān)系副詞引導定語從句關(guān)系副詞被替代的先行詞在從句中的作用when(=at,in,on,duringwhich)表示時間的名詞時間狀語where(=in,atwhich)表示地點的名詞地點狀語why(=forwhich)只有reason原因狀語Hewillalwaysrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)hisfatherreturnedfromAmerica.Thisisthetimewhen(atwhich)sheleftforBeijing.ThebookstorewherehissisterworksisthelargestoneinNanjing.Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)shedidn’tcometothemeetingyesterdaymorning.當先行詞是case,point,condition,job等表示“情況，方面”的名詞，可用where連接這種用法where相當于underwhich，fromwhich等，意為“在這種情況下，從……中”等Therearesomecaseswherethisrulesdoesnotholdgood.Thisisajobwhereyoucanlearnsomething.I’llshowyouthepointwhereyoufail.Exercise:Thestudent_____Isawisstudyinginartschool..Theroom______servedforstudio(工作室)wasbareanddusty.Thereason______herejected(反對)ourplanisthathehadnofaith(信任)inus.Doyouthinkthereason______hegaveisbelivable?Thefamouswriterandhisworks_____theprofessorrecommended(推薦)have