定語從句整 理及其他試題

定語從句一、語法解釋定語從句：修飾名詞或代詞的從句。換句話說，名詞、代詞后的從句叫定語從句。先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞、甚至詞組或句子叫先行詞。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。

關(guān)系詞分兩種：

一是關(guān)系代詞that,

which,

who,

whom,

whose,

as等(在定語從句中擔(dān)任主、賓、表、定語成分)；

二是關(guān)系副詞where,

when,

why等(在定語從句中擔(dān)任狀語成分)。關(guān)系詞的三個功能：1.

連接功能（連接先行詞與定語從句）；2.

擔(dān)任功能（在定語從句中擔(dān)任主、賓、表、定、狀語）；3.

替代功能（在定語從句中代替先行詞）e.g.A

plane

is

a

machine.

The

machine

can

fly.↓A

plane

is

a

machine,

and

the

machine

can

fly.↓A

plane

is

a

machine

that

can

fly.

二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1.who指人，在從句中做主語，也可作賓語。e.g.The

boys

who

are

playing

football

are

from

Class

One.e.g.Yesterday

I

helped

an

old

man

who

lost

his

way.

2.

whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，?？墒÷浴?/p>

e.g.Mr.

Liu

is

the

person

(whom)

you

talked

about

on

the

bus.e.g.Mr.

Ling

is

just

the

boy

whom

I

want

to

see.

注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。e.g.The

man

who/whom

you

met

just

now

is

my

friend.

3.

which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。e.g.Football

is

a

game

which

is

liked

by

most

boys.e.g.This

is

the

pen

(which)

he

bought

yesterday.

4.

that指人時，相當(dāng)于who

或者whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。

e.g.The

number

of

the

people

that/who

come

to

visit

the

city

each

year

rises

one

million.e.g.Where

is

the

man

that/whom

I

saw

this

morning?5.

whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語。e.g.He

has

a

friend

whose

father

is

a

doctor.

e.g.I

once

lived

in

a

house

whose

roof

has

fallen

in.引導(dǎo)定語從句的“whose＋名詞”，有時可與of

which或of

whom互換：e.g.The

classroom

whose

door(=the

door

of

which)

is

broken

will

soon

be

repaired.e.g.Do

you

like

the

book

whose

cover(=the

color

of

which)

is

yellow?三、介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)。e.g.The

school

(that/which)

he

once

studied

in

is

very

famous.↓The

school

in

which

he

once

studied

is

very

famous.

e.g.Tomorrow

I

will

bring

here

a

magazine

(that/which)

you

asked

for.↓Tomorrow

I

will

bring

here

a

magazine

for

which

you

asked.

注意:1.

含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：look

for,

look

after,

take

care

of等e.g.This

is

the

watch

which/that

I

am

looking

for.

(T)e.g.This

is

the

watch

for

which

I

am

looking.

(F)2.

若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時用which，不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whosee.g.The

man

with

whom

you

talked

is

my

friend.

(T)

e.g.The

man

who/that

you

talked

with

is

my

friend.

(F)

e.g.The

plane

in

which

we

flew

to

Canada

is

very

comfortable.

(T)

e.g.The

plane

in

that

we

flew

in

to

Canada

is

very

comfortable.

(F)3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some,

any,

none,

both,

all,

neither,

most,

each,

few等代詞或者數(shù)詞e.g.He

loved

his

parents

deeply,

both

of

whom

are

very

kind

to

him.

e.g.In

the

basket

there

are

quite

many

apples,

some

of

which

have

gone

bad.

四、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1.

when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語

。e.g.I

still

remember

the

day

when

I

first

came

to

the

school.e.g.The

time

when

we

got

together

finally

came.2.

where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語。e.g.Shanghai

is

the

city

where

I

was

born.

e.g.The

house

where

I

lived

ten

years

ago

has

been

pulled

down.3.

why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語。

e.g.Please

tell

me

the

reason

why

you

missed

the

plane.e.g.I

don't

know

the

reason

why

he

looks

unhappy

today.

注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換。e.g.The

reason

why(for

which)

he

refused

the

invitation

is

not

clear.e.g.

Fromtheyearwhen(inwhich)hewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.五、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句

1.限制性定語從句舉例：e.g.The

teacher

told

me

that

Tom

was

the

only

person

that

I

could

depend

on.e.g.China

is

a

country

which

has

a

long

history.2.非限制性定語從句舉例：e.g.His

mother,

who

loves

him

very

much,

is

strict

with

him.

e.g.China,

which

was

founded

in

1949,

is

becoming

more

and

more

powerful.要注意區(qū)分以下幾個句子的不同：e.g.His

brother

who

is

now

a

doctor

always

encourages

him

to

go

to

college.

他那當(dāng)醫(yī)生的哥哥常鼓勵他要考上大學(xué)。（他還有其他的哥哥）e.g.His

brother,

who

is

now

a

doctor,

always

encourages

him

to

go

to

college.

他的哥哥是當(dāng)醫(yī)生的，常鼓勵他要考上大學(xué)。（他只有一個哥哥）六、難點分析

（一）限制性定語從句只能用that

的幾種情況

1.當(dāng)先行詞是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代詞時，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修飾時。e.g.Have

you

taken

down

everything

that

Mr.

Li

has

said?

e.g.There

is

little

that

I

can

do

for

you.

注意：這種情況下，當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who

e.g.Any

man

that/who

has

a

sense

of

duty

won't

do

such

a

thing.2.

當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾

。e.g.The

first

place

that

they

visited

in

London

was

the

Big

Ben.3.

當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。e.g.This

is

the

best

film

that

I

have

seen.4.

當(dāng)形容詞被the

very,

the

only修飾時。e.g.This

is

the

very

dictionary

that

I

want

to

buy.e.g.After

the

fire

in

his

house,

the

old

car

is

the

only

thing

that

he

owned.注意：這種情況下，當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who

e.g.Wang

Hua

is

the

only

person

in

our

school

who

will

attend

the

meeting5.

當(dāng)先行詞前面有who,

which等疑問代詞時。e.g.Who

is

the

man

that

is

standing

there?e.g.Which

is

the

T-shirt

that

fits

me

most?6.

當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有物時

。e.g.Can

you

remember

the

scientist

and

his

theory

that

we

have

learned?

另：但三種情況下，只能用which，不能用that：非限定性定語從句中。e.g.The

tree,

which

is

four

hundred

years

old,

is

very

famous

here.2.介詞后不能用that，指物用which，指人whom。e.g.We

depend

on

the

land

that/which

we

get

our

food

from.↓We

depend

on

the

land

from

which

we

get

our

food.3.which可以指代先行句。e.g.Shealwaysthinkshighlyofherself,whichmakesherclassmatesveryunhappy.（二）關(guān)系代詞as和which

引導(dǎo)的定語從句

as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：1.

as和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子。e.g.He

married

her,

as/which

was

natural.e.g.He

was

honest,

as/which

we

can

see.

2.

as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如…，正像…”的意思

。e.g.As

is

known

to

all,

China

is

a

developing

country.e.g.He

is

from

the

south,

as

we

can

see

from

his

accent.e.g.John,

as

you

know,

is

a

famous

writer.

e.g.He

has

been

to

Paris

more

than

several

times,

which

I

don't

believe.注意：當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，常用which。e.g.Tom

was

always

late

for

school,

which

made

his

teacher

angry.3.

當(dāng)先行詞受such,

the

same修飾時，常用as。e.g.I

have

never

heard

such

a

story

as

he

tells.

e.g.This

is

the

same

book

as

I

lost

last

week.

注意：當(dāng)先行次由the

same修飾時，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，但是和由as

所引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思不同

。e.g.She

wore

the

same

dress

that

she

wore

at

Mary's

wedding.

她穿著她在Mary婚禮上穿過的一條裙子。e.g.She

wore

the

same

dress

as

her

young

sister

wore.

她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。

（三）以the

way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in

which,

that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷?。e.g.The

way

in

which/

that/./

he

answered

the

question

was

surprising.

定語從句練習(xí)及聽力一、用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞將下列每組兩個簡單句合成一個復(fù)合句。

1.

The

boy

is

my

younger

brother.

He

was

here

a

minute

ago.

2.

I

enjoyed

reading

the

book.

You

gave

me

the

book

last

week.

3.

This

is

the

hall.

We

listened

to

the

report

in

it

the

other

day.

4.

The

car

was

going

90

miles

an

hour.

The

car

just

passed

us.

二、單項選題1Thesecondbook______IwanttoreadisBusiness@theSpeedofThought.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.as2I'llneverforgetthedays_____Istayedwithyou.A.whenB.inwhichC.thatD.forwhich3Thebook______issoldoutatthemoment.A.youneedB.whatyouneedC.whichyouneeditD.thatyouneedit4Isthistheplace______Lincolnoncelived.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when5I'moneoftheboys_________neverlateforschool.A.thatisB.whoareC.whoamD.whois6Hersister,______youmetatmyhome,wasateacherofEnglish.A.whomB.thatC.whichD.whois7Thesebooksareforstudents_____motherlanguageisnotEnglish.A.ofwhomB.thatC.whichD.whose8.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it9.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_____hecouldsee____wasgoingoninsidehouse.A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that10.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere11.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./12.Thisisthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich13.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what14.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who15.The

girl

is

a

teacher

studies

very

hard.A.whose

motherB.hermotherC.thatmotherD.itsmother英語聽力練習(xí)題目2：ADayatSchool1.HowdoesJoshuagotoschoolinJapan?A.HetakesaschoolbuseverymorningB.Heridesthesubwayat8:00AM.C.Hewalkswithagroupofstudents.2.WhichitemdidJoshuaNOTmentionwhentalkingaboutthethingshetakestoschool?A.backpackB.gymclothesC.schoolhat3.WhatisoneofthefirstthingsJoshuadoeswhenhearrivesatschool?A.Hepracticeshisreadingandwriting.B.Hestandsandbowstotheteacher.C.Heputsonhisgymclothesforclass.4.WheredoesJoshuaeatlunchatschool?A.inhisclassroomB.inthelunchroomC.inthegymnasium5.WhattimedoesJoshuaprobablygethomefromschoolmostdays?A.between1:00PMand2:00PMB.between2:00PMand3:00PMC.between3:00PMand4:00PM英語聽力練習(xí)題目3：ApartmentsforRent1.Whatisthemaintopicoftheconversation?A.problemswithlivinginanapartmentB.asearchforanewapartmentC.thecostofrentnearuniversities2.Whydoesn'tAnnlikehercurrentapartment?A.It'stooexpensive.B.Theneighborhoodisnoisy.C.It'slocatedsomedistancefromschool.3.HowmuchmoneydoesAnnwanttopayforrent?A.nomorethan$200B.around$200C.alittlemorethan$2004.Whatkindofplaceisshelookingfor?A.somewherethatiswithinashortdrivingdistanceofcampusB.anapartmentwithfurniturealreadyinitC.aplacewhereshecanlivealone5.HowisRogergoingtohelpher?A.Heisplanningoncallingafriendwhoownsanapartmentbuilding.B.Hewillcheckthenewspaperstoseeifhecanfindanapartmentforrent.C.Heisgoingtovisitanapartmentbuildingnearhisplace.

1.C先行詞book被序數(shù)詞修飾時要用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。2.A本題指時間。3.AB、C、D中的what和it與先行Thebook相抵觸。4.C本題指地點。5.B本題中who用作主語，謂語動詞與先行詞theboys保持一致。6.A非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞用which,不用that,但指人時用whom。7.Dwhose引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,whose用作定語。8.A先行詞gas被only修飾，關(guān)系代詞要用that，而不用which。9.Bthroughwhich引導(dǎo)定語從句，throughwhich即throughthehole,在定語從句中作狀語。What引導(dǎo)的是see的賓語從句，并作從句的主語。10.B為便于理解，改寫本句話：ThisistheschoolthatsomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek.不難看出，作表語的theschool是先行詞。that引導(dǎo)了定語從句，因為that同時又作visited的賓語，所以被省略了。其它選項結(jié)構(gòu)不對。11.D在way、distance、direction等詞后的定語從句中，常用that來代替“in(或其他介詞)+which”、when或where，而that?？墒÷?。12.Dforwhich在定語從句中作原因狀語,可用why來替代。13.AThereasonwhy…wasthat….已成為一種固定句型，這一句中的why和that不能隨意換位，也不能將that改成because，盡管that這個詞在譯文中可能有“因為”的含義。14.B非限制性定語從句常用which引導(dǎo),which表示前句話的整個含義。15.A聽力2答案1.Hewalkswithagroupofstudents.2.schoolhat3.Hestandsandbowstotheteacher.4.inhisclassroom5.between2:00PMand3:00PM英語聽力原文Randall:Hello.TodayI'minterviewingJoshuaonhisexperiencesgoingtoaJapaneseschool.NowJoshua,whattimedoyougotoschool?Joshua:EightO'clock.Randall:EightO'clock.Anddoyougobyyourself,oronaschoolbus?Joshua:No,Ihaveagroupthatgoeswithme.Randall:Soyougowithagroup?Joshua:Uh-huh.Randall:Nowwhatkindsofthingsdoyoutaketoschool?Joshua:Itakemytaisofuku,thatisgymclothes,andItakemybackpackandmybooks[Oh,okay.]andstufflikethat.Randall:Okayandwhatisthefirstthingyoudowhenyougettoschool?Joshua:Wedo"kiritsu,rei."Randall:"Kiritsu"and"rei."Nowwhatarethose?Joshua:Itmeans"standup,bow."Randall:Standupandbow.Joshua:Uh-huh.Randall:Andwhatdoyoustudyatschool?Joshua:Westudykokugo,thatiswritingandreadingandstufflikethat[Okay],andsansu,that'smath.[Okay.].And,let'ssee...,wedogymtoo.Randall:Okay,andwheredoyoueatlunch?Doyouhavealunchroomorcafeteria?Joshua:No,weeatinourclassroom.Randall:Youeatinyourclassroom![Yeah.].Ohwow.Thatisveryinteresting.Nowwhattimedoyoucomehomefromschool?Joshua:Wecomehomesometimesat3:00andsometimesat2:00.Randall:Okay,wellthankyouverymuchJoshua.Joshua:You'rewelcome.聽力3答案1.asearchforanewapartment2.It'slocatedsomedistancefromschool.3.nomorethan$2004.anapartmentwithfurniturealreadyinit5.Heisgoingtovisitanapartmentbuildingnearhisplace.英語聽力原文Roger:Hello.Ann:HelloRoger?ThisisAnn.Roger:Ohhi,Ann.Howhaveyoubeen?Andhow'syournewapartmentworkingout?Ann:Well,that'swhatI'mcallingabout.Yousee,I'vedecidedtolookforanewplace.Roger:Oh,what'stheproblemwithyourplacenow?Ithoughtyoulikedtheapartment.Ann:Oh,Ido,butit'sa