寒假分層作業(yè)09 簡單句（原卷版）-2024年八年級英語寒假培優(yōu)練

PAGEPAGE1限時練習：40min完成時間：月日天氣：作業(yè)09簡單句英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。英語五種基本句型列式如下：①基本句型一：S＋Ｖi（主＋謂）②基本句型二：S＋Ｖt＋O（主＋謂＋賓）③基本句型三：S＋LinkＶ＋P（主＋謂＋表）④基本句型四：S＋Ｖt＋IO＋DO（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）⑤基本句型五：S＋Ｖt＋DO＋OC（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補）【精講】(1)基本句型一：Ｓ＋Ｖ（主＋謂）→Ｓ＋Ｖi（主＋謂）此句型有一個共同特點，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。Ｓ（主語）Ｖi（不及物動詞）句意1Thegirlsaresinginginthemusicroom.那些女孩正在音樂教室唱歌。2Thesunrisesintheeast.太陽在東方升起。3Thebusstopped.公共汽車停了。4Theytalkedforhalfanhour.他們談了半個小時?！锍Ｓ玫牟患拔飫釉~（vi.)：stop,dance,sing,look,listen,travel,arrive,run,swim,jump,rise,laugh,cry,fly,come,go,fall等?！揪v】(2)基本句型二:Ｓ＋Ｖ＋O（主＋謂＋賓）→Ｓ＋Ｖt＋DO（主＋謂＋賓）此句型的共同點是：謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表達完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。Ｓ（主語）Ｖt（及物動詞）O句意1Tomknowstheanswer.湯姆知道答案。2Heismakingacake。他正在做蛋糕。3Heenjoysreading.他喜歡看書。4Iwanttodrinktea.我想喝茶.5IthinkthatTomisright.我認為湯姆是對的?！锾厥馇闆r：有的語法認為：主語+不及物的動詞+介詞+賓語可以構(gòu)成主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。因為不及物動詞+介詞，相當于及物動詞用法。如：（1）Ilistentoyou.(人稱代詞作賓語）（2）Helooksatadog.(名詞作賓語）【精講】(3)基本句型三：Ｓ＋Ｖ＋Ｐ（主＋謂＋表）→Ｓ＋LinkＶ＋Ｐ（主＋謂＋表）此句型有一個共同的特點：句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達完整的意思。這類動詞叫做連系動詞。系動詞分兩類：一類表示情況如be,look,sound,smell,taste,stay,feel,keep,seem等；另一類，表示變化如get,grow,become,turn,get等。be本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用。其它系動詞仍保持其部分詞義。Ｓ（主語）LinkＶ（連系動詞）P（表語）句意1Thisisabook.（名詞）這是一本書。2Thefishsmellsgood.（形容詞）這魚肉聞起來不錯。3Sheseemsunhappy.（形容詞）她似乎不開心。4Autumnleavesturnbrown.（形容詞）秋天的樹葉變成棕褐色。5Mydreamistobeadoctor.（不定式）我的夢想是當一名醫(yī)生?！锉窘Y(jié)構(gòu)是由主語+系動詞+表語組成。系動詞有:（1）表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的：be,seem,feel,look,smell,taste,sound;（2）表示狀態(tài)延續(xù)的：stay,keep（3）表示狀態(tài)變化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow【精講】(4)基本句型四:Ｓ＋Ｖt＋IO＋DO（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）此句型有一個共同特點：謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是動的直接承受者（多指物），另一個是動作的間接承受者（多指人）。Ｓ（主語）Ｖt（及物動詞））IO（間接賓語，常為人）DO（直接賓語，常為物）1Motherismakingmeanewdress.2Heboughthissonanewbike.3Theyofferedusmuchhelp.4Iamshowinghimmyphotos.5Jacktellsusfunnystories.★當這一間接承受者放在直接承受者之后時，要用一個介詞（for或to）來連接。可以用于這種句式動詞主要有：(A)buy/build/catch/cut/choose/cook/find/get/keep/make/draw/do【用for】如：Heboughtmeanewbike.也可以改為forsb.的句式=Heboughtanewbikeforme.(B)give/take/send/bring/teach/show/tell/pay/write/read/sell/lend/pass/return/throw/offer/hand【用to】如：Shelentmeabook.也可以改為tosb.的句式=Shelentabooktome.(C)provide【用for,with】:providesb.withsth.=providesth.forsb.注意：當兩賓語都為代詞時，必須用介詞把人放后面。Eg：Pleasegiveittome.【精講】(5)基本句型五:S＋Ｖ＋DO＋OC→S＋Ｖt＋DO＋OC（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補） 此句型的共同特點是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語，才能使意思完整，補足語說明賓語的狀態(tài)或情況或動作由賓語去執(zhí)行，賓語補足語能是：形容詞、名詞、動詞不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞短語等。Ｓ（主語）Ｖt（及物動詞））DO（直接賓語）OC(賓語補足語）1IfindEnglisheasy.(形容詞)2Tomoftenmakesushappy.(形容詞)3IthinkKateaclevergirl.(名詞短語)3Tomoftenmakesuslaugh.(不定式)4Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.(不定式)5WecallherXiaoLi.(名詞)8Isawthemdancing.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語)★可以用于這種句式的動詞主要有:(A)let/have/makesb.dosth.(B)ask/want/tell/allow/wish/get/expect/encourage/invite/teachsb.todosth.(C)find/see/hear/watch/notice/feelsb.dosth./sb.doingsth.(D)helpsb.(to)dosth(E)find/keep/think/make/leave/wish+賓語+形容詞或名詞性短語(作賓補)一、單項選擇1．Whatisthecorrectsentencestructureof“Johnplaysfootballeveryday”?A．S+V+IO+DO B．S+V+DO+OC C．S+V+O D．S+V+P2．DuFushowedhiscaretofarmersinhispoemHappyRainonaSpringNight.句子結(jié)構(gòu)是________。A．主語+及物動詞+賓語 B．主語+系動詞+表語 C．主語+及物動詞+雙賓語3．下列句子是“主語+及物動詞+賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)的是________。A．Ilikeplayingtennis.B．Youcanaskhimtohelpyou.C．Thecomputerisonthedesk.4．Couldyoutellushowtokeephealthy?該句句子結(jié)構(gòu)是。A．主語+系動詞+表語B．主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語C．主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語5．Thesentencestructure(結(jié)構(gòu))of“Teachersoftenaskustoreadmore.”is________.A．S+V+DO B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC6．“Thosesweetmemoriesofsummerdaysareaboutquietstreamsandtreesandshade.”Thissentencestructureis________.A．S+V B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC7．“TheythinkJohnthebeststudent.”Thesentencestructureis________.A．S+VB．S+V+PC．S+V+IO+DOD．S+V+DO+OC8．There________acartoonfestivalinShanghainextSaturday.A．isgoingtohave B．willhave C．have D．isgoingtobe9．Thesentencestructureof“Mikeboughtmeatoy.”is________.A．S+V+DO B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P10．—Shallwegotothemuseumnow?—It’s5:30p.m.now.I’mafraidthemuseum______after5:30p.m.everyday.A．opens B．isopen C．closes D．isclosed11．Thestructureofthesentence“Allofusshouldmakeourcountystrongerandstronger.”is________.A．S+V+P B．S+V+DO C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+O+OC12．Thesentencestructureof“EddieiswatchingHobowork.”is________.A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC13．Laughingcanmakepeoplewhoareupsetfeelalittlebetter.句子結(jié)構(gòu)是________。A．主語+及物動詞+賓語 B．主語+系動詞+表語 C．主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語14．“Mymotherboughtmeanicenotebook.”Thestructureofthesentenceis________.A．S+V+DO+OC B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+O D．S+V+P15．Theshoppingmall________at8a.m.andit________forfourteenhourseveryday.A．opens;opens B．isopen;isopen C．opens;isopen D．isopen;opens二、完型填空Oncethereweretwoneighborslivingnexttoeachother.Oneofthemwasaretired(退休的)teacherandtheotherwasanengineer.16ofthemplantedthesameplantsintheirgardens.Theretiredteacherwasgivingasmallamount(數(shù)量)ofwater17hisplantsandhedidn’talwaysgiveafullattentiontothem.18theotherneighborwasinterestedintechnology(科技):gavealotofwatertohisplants.He19themtoowell.Oneday,astorm(暴風雨)startedsuddenly20thenight.Thenextmorning,theengineerwas21toseethathisplantscameofffromtheroots(根).Buttheretiredteacher’splantswereverywell.Theengineerwenttotheretiredteacherandasked,“Webothgrewthe22plantstogether.Ilookedaftermyplants23thanyoudidforyours,andevengavethemmorewater.Still,myplantscameofffromtheroots,whileyoursdidn’t.Howisthat

24?”Theretiredteachersmiledandsaid,“Yougaveyourplantsmoreattentionandwater,butbecauseofthattheydidn’tneedtowork25forwater.Youmadeiteasyforthem.WhileIgavethemjustproper(恰當?shù)?waterand26theirrootssearch(尋找)formore.Andtheirrootswentdeeperanddeeper,whichmadethem27.”Thisstoryisaboutparentingwherechildrenarelikeplants28everythingisgiventothem,theywillnotunderstandthehardworkittakestohavethosethings.Teachthem29towalk,butletthemgotheirownway.Sometimesit’sbesttoguidetheminsteadof(而不是)30them.16．A．None B．All C．Both D．Neither17．A．a(chǎn)t B．to C．in D．on18．A．But B．For C．Or D．So19．A．tookoff B．grewup C．lookedafter D．turnedon20．A．during B．between C．into D．from21．A．famous B．lucky C．glad D．surprised22．A．rich B．close C．different D．same23．A．worse B．better C．smaller D．less24．A．possible B．physical C．popular D．terrible25．A．itself B．yourself C．myself D．themselves26．A．let B．print C．travel D．solve27．A．quieter B．shyer C．funnier D．stronger28．A．And B．Though C．If D．Until29．A．why B．who C．what D．how30．A．discussing B．digging C．giving D．touching三、閱讀理解Havingahobbyisagreatwayforyoutofeelhappyandmeetnewpeople.Infact,therearelotsofhobbiesthataregoodforyou.Hobbiesaresimplyanythingyoudothat’sforfun.Youaren’tgettingpaidtodoit;it’ssomethingyouliketodowithyourfreetime.ForalotofpeoplethesedaysitseemsliketheironlyleisureactivitiesarewatchingtelevisionandstayingontheInternet.That’sapity,becausehobbies—fromrockclimbingtocollectingsomething—canhaverealbenefits.Hobbiesoftenprovidesomethingthatyoumightnotgetinyoureverydaylife.Theyallowyoutodosomethingthat’sjustforyou,andtheycanhelpyouforgetyourdailyproblemsandgiveyoualotofpleasure.Ifyoucanfindlike-mindedpeopleinyourarea,goingoutsidecanalsobeagreatwaytomeetnewpeopleandexperiencenewadventures.Ifyouareaddinganewthingintoyourlife,youhavetotaketimeandfocusawayfromsomethingelse.Thegoodnewsisthatmostofushavealotoftimewearenotusingwell,eitherbecausewearespendingalotoftimeonlineorwatchingTVorjustwastingtimewecouldbespendingonourhobbies.Ofcourseeveryoneisdifferentandyourpersonalitydoesplayaroleinwhatsortsofhobbiesyou’lllike.Maybeyoureallylikehangingoutwithfriends,soyouneedtotakeaclassorhaveaninterestthatyoucandowithagroup.Ifyoutravelalot,somethingthatyoucandoanywhereishelpful;ifyou’reahomebodyyoumightlovetobesurroundedbyacoolcollection.Thetruthisthatyoumaynothittheperfectactivityforyourightoutofthegate,butyoucanhavealotoffuntryingoutnewthingsandexploringwhat’soutthere.Dosomewebsearches,visitthelibrary;don’tbeafraidtotrynewthings,andsoonyou’llhaveahobbythatprovidesyouwithalotoffunandstressrelief,too.31．Whichofthefollowinghobbiesisgoodforyouaccordingtothewriter?A．Watchingtelevision. B．StayingontheInternet.C．Rockclimbing. D．Goingoutalot.32．Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsus______.A．whyhobbiesareimportantB．whathobbiesactuallyareC．hobbieshelpyouforgetproblemsD．hobbieshelpyouexperiencenewadventures33．Ifyoulikestayingathome,asahobbyyouhadbetter______.A．spendalotoftimeonlineB．watchalotofTVC．takeaclassorjoininagroupD．collectsomethingyoulike34．Themeaningoftheunderlinedword“hit”inthelastparagraphissimilarto______.A．pickup B．runinto C．findout D．turnto35．Inthepassagethewritermainlysuggeststhatwe