2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)Unit22EnvironmentalProtection單元語(yǔ)法二-被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)學(xué)案含解析北師大版選修8

PAGEUnit22EnvironmentalProtection單元語(yǔ)法(二)——被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)[語(yǔ)法圖解][語(yǔ)法感悟]單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Thelittlegirlisafraidofbeing_attacked(attack)bythedogs.2．Yourshoesrequiremending/to_be_mended(mend)．3．Theproblemto_be_discussed(discuss)attomorrow'smeetingisverydifficult.4．Nodecisionwill_be_made(make)aboutanyfutureappointmentuntilallthecandidateshavebeeninterviewed.5．Theysaidthattheproblemwould_be_discussed(discuss)soon.一、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，只有及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者一般由介詞by引起的短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)(常省略)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be＋過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成，常用于下列三種狀況：(1)當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，將承受者作為談話的中心時(shí)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。MrWhiteisgreatlyrespectedbyallofus.懷特先生很受我們大家的敬重。(2)當(dāng)沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或根本不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)時(shí)常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。PrintingisintroducedintoEuropefromChina.印刷術(shù)是從中國(guó)引入歐洲的。(3)當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是人而是無(wú)生命的事物時(shí)常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Thewindowwasbrokenbyastone.那扇窗戶是被一塊石頭打碎的。運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的狀況：誰(shuí)做的動(dòng)作不知道，說(shuō)出誰(shuí)做的沒(méi)必要；突出承受者或禮貌，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)不了。2．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)形式例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are＋過(guò)去分詞Newproblemsaredealtwitheveryday.每天都有新的問(wèn)題被處理。一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were＋過(guò)去分詞Theseletterswerewrittenin1990.這些信是1990年寫的。一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall/begoingto/beto＋be＋過(guò)去分詞Manytreeswillbeplantednextyear.明年將種很多樹?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are＋being＋過(guò)去分詞Thequestionisbeingdiscussedatpresent.問(wèn)題現(xiàn)在正在被探討。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were＋being＋過(guò)去分詞Atthattimetheywerebeingshownhowtoswim.那時(shí)他們正在被教如何游泳?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has/have＋been＋過(guò)去分詞Boththetowershavealreadybeenrepaired.兩個(gè)塔都已被修復(fù)完畢。過(guò)去完成時(shí)had＋been＋過(guò)去分詞Hesaidthatsomebridgeshadbeenwashedaway.他說(shuō)一些橋已被沖走。將來(lái)完成時(shí)will/shallhave＋been＋過(guò)去分詞Thedesignwillhavebeendonebytheendofthisweek.這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)在本周末會(huì)做完。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would＋be＋過(guò)去分詞Hesaidthattheplanwouldbecarriedout.他說(shuō)安排將會(huì)被執(zhí)行。3.下列幾類動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義：(1)表示起先、結(jié)束類的動(dòng)詞，如start,open,close,finish,stop,end等。Themeetingstartsat8o'clock.會(huì)議八點(diǎn)起先。(2)表示主語(yǔ)特征、狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如read,write,sell,keep,show,play,clean,look,wash,wear,burn,settle等。Thissweaterwasheswell.這件外套很好洗。Thepenwriteswell.這支鋼筆很好用。(3)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)改變的某些動(dòng)詞，如drive,change,move等。Thetrafficlightchangedgreen.交通燈變綠了。(4)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)、特征的連系動(dòng)詞，如look,feel,taste,smell,sound等。Thatsoundsterrible.那聽起來(lái)很可怕。[即學(xué)即用1]單句語(yǔ)法填空1．You'vefailedtodowhatyouwere_expected(expect)toandI'mafraidtheteacherwillblameyou.2．Thechurchtowerwhichis_being_restored(restore)willbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.3．Attheendofthemeeting,itwasannouncedthatanagreementhad_been_reached(reach)．4．Parkeris_being_operated(operate)onbyamostexperienceddoctorinthehospitalnow.5．Thechildhas_been_taken(take)careofbyGrandmaalltheseyears.二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式1．動(dòng)詞-ing的被動(dòng)形式(1)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是v.-ing形式所表示的動(dòng)作的對(duì)象時(shí)，v.-ing形式用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種形式：being＋過(guò)去分詞(一般形式)；havingbeen＋過(guò)去分詞(完成形式)。Hecouldnotbearbeingmadefunoflikethat.他受不了別人那樣開他的玩笑。Havingbeeninvited,MrLiwenttheretogiveaspeechthoughhewasbusy.李先生受邀去那兒做演講，盡管很忙，但他還是去了。(2)v.-ing被動(dòng)形式的語(yǔ)法功能v．-ing的被動(dòng)形式在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Beingexposedtosunlightfortoomuchtimeisharmfultoyourskin.過(guò)多地暴露在陽(yáng)光下對(duì)你的皮膚有害。Hehatesbeinginterrupted.他不情愿被人打斷。Thisquestionisfarfrombeingsettled.這個(gè)問(wèn)題遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有得到解決。Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourteachingbuilding.那棟正在被修理的建筑是我們的教學(xué)樓。Havingbeengivensomuchmoney,Ididn'tknowwhattodo.拿到這么多錢，我有些手足無(wú)措。IheardthissongbeingsunginEnglishthen.那時(shí)，我聽到有人在用英語(yǔ)唱這首歌。2．不定式的被動(dòng)形式(1)當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，要用其被動(dòng)形式。不定式的被動(dòng)形式包括一般式(tobedone)和完成式(tohavebeendone)兩種形式。Thenextthingtobedoneistocarryawaytheearth.下一步要做的事是把土運(yùn)走。Noharmseemstohavebeendone.好像并沒(méi)有造成損害。(2)不定式的被動(dòng)形式的語(yǔ)法功能不定式的被動(dòng)形式在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。Itisanhonourtobechosenasavolunteer.能被選上做志愿者，真是一件榮幸的事情。Theboyaskedtobegivenanopportunitytotryagain.那個(gè)男孩要求給他再試一次的機(jī)會(huì)。3．主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的幾種常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)(1)不定式用于某些動(dòng)詞(have,get,want等)的賓語(yǔ)后作定語(yǔ)，且其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)一樣。We'velotsofdifficultiestoovercomeforthetimebeing.目前我們還有很多困難要克服。Pleaselendmeapentowritewith.請(qǐng)借給我一支筆寫字。(2)在“be＋adj.＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，形容詞說(shuō)明的是不定式表示的動(dòng)作的特征時(shí)，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thechairisverycomfortabletositon.這椅子坐著很舒適。(3)在“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式動(dòng)作與疑問(wèn)詞之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，可用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Whodoyouthinkcantelluswhattodo?你認(rèn)為誰(shuí)能告知我們?cè)撛趺醋觯?4)在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)后的不定式可用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。There'snothingformetodotoday.今日我沒(méi)什么事情要做。(5)在“be＋adj./adv.＋enough＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，可用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Thestorywasnotinterestingenoughtopublish.這個(gè)故事不夠好玩，不足以發(fā)表。(6)表示“須要”意義的動(dòng)詞如need,want,require及worth之后的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Hiswatchisoutoforderandneedsrepairing.他的表壞了，須要修理。[即學(xué)即用2]單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Theproblemhastobe_dealt(deal)withrightnow.2．Greatattentionwillkeeponbeing_paid(pay)toChina'seconomicgrowthperformancein2024.3．Becauseoffear,manypeopleareafraidofbeing_judged(judge)andputdown.4．Tonywasveryunhappyfornothaving_been_invited(invite)totheparty.5．Whichdriverwasto_blame(blame)fortheaccident？Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Theairportto_be_completed(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.2．ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrombeing_attacked(attack)intheSouthChinaSea.3．Thismachineisveryeasyto_operate(operate).Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.4．Having_been_asked(ask)toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.5．Theoldbuildingneedsrepairing/to_be_repaired(repair)．6．Thewetweatherwillcontinuetomorrow,becauseacoldfrontis_expected(expect)toarrive.7．Thenewsuspensionbridgehad_been_designed(design)bytheendoflastmonth.8．Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilmshave_been_produced(produce)allovertheworld.9．Afterschoolwewenttothereadingroomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatitwas_being_decorated(decorate)．10．Hewasseenbeing_taken(take)awaybythepolice.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Oncethisdifficultyisovercome,otherproblemswillbe_easy_to_solve.攻下這一關(guān)，其他問(wèn)題就好辦了。2．Thedoctoradvised_me_to_takemoreexercise.醫(yī)生叮囑我多加熬煉。3．Incourt,themandeclared_thathehaddonenothingwron