2022北京高一(上)期末英語匯編：閱讀理解D篇

第12頁/共12頁2022北京高一（上）期末英語匯編閱讀理解D篇一、閱讀理解（2022·北京西城·高一期末）Ifthereisoneplaceyoudon’twanttostickyourfinger,it’sthemouthofaPacificlingcod.Thesefearsomefishhavearound500needleliketeethstickingoutofjaws(頜)thatarestrongenoughtocrushcrustaceans(甲殼動物).Howlingcodmaintainthesharpnessoftheirterrifyingteethhaslongbeenapuzzle.Butastudy,publishedinNovemberintheProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyB,claimsthatPacificlingcodkeeptheirteethsharpandshinybyreplacingaboutthreepercentofthemeveryday.Foralingcod,that’supto20teethreplaceddaily.Inordertodeterminethefrequencyatwhichlingcodreplacetheirteeth,Ms.Cohen,acoauthorofthenewstudy,andhercolleagueskept20lingcodattheUniversityofWashington’sFridayHarborLaboratoriesandtrackedhowmanyteeththeylostandregrewoverseveraldays.Thefishwereplacedinatankofseawatermixedwithareddye(染料)thatcoloredtheirteeth,thenreturnedtotheirregulartankfor10days.Whenthe10dayswereup,thefishwereplacedinatankcontainingagreendyeandthenexamined.Theteeththatwerepresentsincethestartoftheexperimentwerebothredandgreen,whereasthenewteethwereonlygreen.Aftercollectingandexaminingatotalof10,000teeth,thescientistswereabletodeterminehowquicklylingcodlostandregrewtheirteethandwhichteethwerereplacedmostoften.Lingcod,likemostfish,havetwosetsofjaws:oraljawsandpharyngealjaws.Theiroraljawsareusedtocatchfoodwhiletheirpharyngealjaws,whicharepositionedintheirthroats,areusedtochewtheirfoodandmoveitfromtheirmouthstothestomach.Ms.Carr,theleadauthor,andcolleaguesfoundthatteetharereplacedmorefrequentlyinthebackofthemouth,wheremostofthechewingandcrushingtakeplace.Thewaylingcodreplacetheirteethislikelycrucialtotheirhuntingstrategy,saysKoryEvans,afishecologistatRiceUniversityinHouston.“Thedulleralingcod’steethare,theharderitisgoingtobeforittoholdontoitstarget.Sohavingtheabilitytoshedteethandreplacethemisprettyimportant.”Dr.Evanssaid,“Inordertomakeitasalingcod,youneedsharppointyteethandallyourteethneedtobeonpoint.”1．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Whatroleseawaterplayed. B．Whatconclusionwasreached.C．Howthestudywasconducted. D．Howteethchangedtheircolors.2．Accordingtothepassage,lingcod’steetharereplaced___________.A．every10days B．tobetterhuntforfoodC．fasterintheoraljaw D．withbiggerandsharperones3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shed”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Repair. B．Sharpen. C．Lose. D．Examine.4．Whatisthepurposeofwritingthispassage?A．Towarnpeopleofthedangerofafish.B．Tointroducethefindingsofanewstudy.C．Tostresstheimportanceofreplacingteeth.D．Tosuggestnewwaystoconductstudiesonfish.（2022·北京平谷·高一期末）AnewUniversityCollegeLondon-ledstudyfindsthatstaringatadeepredlightforthreeminutesadaycangreatlyimprovedeclining(下降)eyesight.Scientistsbelievethediscovery,publishedintheJournalofGerontology,couldsignalthedawnofnewaffordablehome-basedeyetherapies(治療)helpingmillionsofpeoplegloballywithnaturallydecliningvision.Doctorssayathree-minutedailydoesofthespecialredlightfortwoweekscouldhelpimproveage-relatedvisionproblems.However,theysaynotanyredlightwillhelpimproveeyesight.Theleadauthor,ProfessorGlenJefferysaid,"Istronglysuggestthatpeopleshouldnotjustgoandbuyaredlightonline.Theyhavetoproducetherightwavelength.Wearelookingforacommercialpartnertodothisandtopricethemat$20to$25."ThestudywascarriedoutbyateamfromUniversityCollegeLondon.Researchersconductedtestson24menandwomenagedbetween28and72.Theysaidsomecellsthatcouldhelpusprocesslighthadbecomeworseintheolderpeople.Doctorssaytheredlightimprovedtheabilityofthesepeopletodetectdifferentcolors,particularlyblue.Thevisionoftheseolderpeopleimprovedbyasmuchas22percent,Jeffreysaid,"Populationsareageingrapidlyandthisisgoingtobeamajorissueinthefuture.Weneedtogetreadyforthis."Headded,"Ifyoucan'tseeclearly,youcan'treadorwatchTV.Youalsotendtofalldownandbreakbones.Ourlightsareastepinthisdirection."5．WhatisthefunctionofParagraph1?A．Toleadtothemaintopic. B．Todiscussthestudy.C．Tointroduceauniversity. D．Togivesomeadvice.6．WhatcanweinferfromParagraph3?A．Redlightonlylaststhreeminutes.B．Theredlightwiththerightwavelengthcanbehelpful.C．Everyoneneedstobuyaredlightonline.D．Doctorsneedpartnerstosellredlights.7．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Theproblemofpopulations. B．Theprocessandresultsofthestudy.C．Thevisionoftheoldpeople. D．Theusageofdifferentcolors.8．Wheredoesthepassagemostprobablycomefrom?A．Amedicalmagazine. B．Astorybook.C．Abookreview. D．Ahistorybook.（2022·北京房山·高一期末）SHOULDWEFIGHTNEWTECHNOLOGY?Thismorning,Isawtheshockingheadline:“PassengerDiesWhenCarCrashesinDriverlessMode”.Inthearticle,variouspeoplesaidthatthepublicshouldopposetheideaofdevelopingdriverlesscars.Theysaidthatsomeadvancesintechnologywereunnecessaryandcouldevenbedangerous.Hence,weshouldceaseacceptingtechnologyjustbecauseitisnew.Thenewspaperreportedthatthecarcompanyhadalreadyapologisedfortheaccident,butthefamiliesofthedeceasedsaiditwasnotenough.Nevertheless,thecompanystillclaimedthatmostpeoplewouldbetravellingindriverlesscarsonedaysoon.Ontheonehand,therearemanydifferentgroupsofpeoplearoundtheworldwholivehappilyintheabsenceofnewtechnology.Probablythemostwell-knownaretheChristianslivinginruralAmerica.Theydonotownordrivecars,watchTV,orusetheInternet.Theyhavelivedmainlyasfarmerssincethe18thcentury,andtheywillprobablybelivingthesamewayinthedistantfuture.Theyadvocateasimplelifewithanemphasisonhardwork,family,andcommunity.Theythinkthatisbetterthancaringaboutluxuriesorfollowingthelivesoftherichandfamous.ItcouldevenbearguedthattheAmish’squalityoflifeisbettersincetheyliveinandappreciatethenaturalenvironmentratherthanlivinginlarge,pollutedcities.Ontheotherhand,newtechnologyhasprovidedpeopleeverywherewithmanybenefitsovertheyears.Forexample,thelatestweather-trackingcomputerprogrammesgivepeoplelotsofwarningsaboutpotentialnaturaldisasters,whichsavesmanylives.Moreover,theInternethasmadeitpossibleforfriendsandfamilytokeepintoucheasilyeveniftheyareonoppositesidesoftheworld.Ithasalsomadefindingopportunitiesinlifemucheasier,asitallowspeopletomakelargernetworksoffriendsthroughusingsocialmedia.Personally,Ihavebenefitedquitealotfromtechnologicaladvances.IfoundmycareerasanAIdesignerthroughasocialmedianetwork.Myhealthmonitor,whichIwearallthetime,hasalsohelpedmegetintothebestshapeofmylife.Ofcourse,whennewtechnologychangesthewaywelive,itcanbeascaryprospect.Nevertheless,Iwillalwayslookonthebrightsideofchangeandacceptitratherthanresistit.9．WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbymentioningdriverlesscarsinParagraph1?A．Thehotissueaboutnewtechnology.B．Thedangeraboutnewtechnology.C．Thevalueaboutnewtechnology.D．Thesafetyaboutnewtechnology.10．WhichlifestyledotheChristianslivinginruralAmericaadvocate?A．Caringaboutluxuries.B．Reducingtheneedoflife.C．Livinginaremotemountainarea.D．Focusingontheinteractionbetweenpeople.11．What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．Toillustratehowitisbettertousethedriverlesscar.B．Toprovethatthenewtechnologywillbringthedangers.C．Todiscusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofnewtechnology.D．Topersuadepeopletostopcontinuingthenewwayoftraveling.12．What’stheauthor’sattitudeabouttechnologicaladvances?A．Objective. B．Positive. C．Negative. D．Indifferent.（2022·北京市懷柔區(qū)教科研中心高一期末）Eachyearthereisanincreasingnumberofcarsonroadsandstreetsasmillionsofnewcarsandtrucksareproduced.OneoutofeverysixAmericansworksatputtingtogetherthepartsofcars,drivingtrucks,buildingroadsorfillingcarsandtruckswithgas.Americanswon’tlivewithoutcars!MostAmericanswouldfindithardtothinkwhatlifewouldlooklikewithoutcars.However,somehaverealizedtheseriousproblemsoftheairpollutionthatiscausedbythecar.Thepollutedairbecomespoisonousanddangeroustohealth.Onewaytogetridofthepollutedairistobuildacarthatdoesnotpollute.That’swhatseveralofthelargecarfactorieshavebeentryingtodo.Buttobuildacleancariseasiersaidthandone.Progressinthisfieldhasbeenslow.Anotherwayistotaketheplaceofthecarenginebysomethingelse.Inventorsarenowworkingonsteamcarsaswellaselectriccars.Manymakersbelievethatitwilltakeyearstodevelopapracticalmodelthatpleasesman.Topreventtheworldfrombeingpollutedbycars,we’llhavetomakesomechangesinthewaymanyofuslive.Americans,forexample,areencouragedtotravelandgotoworkbybicycle.Bicyclingisthoughttohelpkeeptheairclean.Butthischangedoesnotcomeeasily.Alargenumberofworkersmayfindthemselveswithoutjobsifacarfactoryclosesdown.Thustheproblemofairpollutionwouldbecomelessimportantthanthatofunemployment.Althoughcarshaveledustoabetterlife,theyhavealsobroughtusnewproblems.13．Howmanywaystogetridofairpollutionaresuggestedinthisarticle?A．Four. B．Three.C．Two. D．One.14．Ifthenumberofcarsiscutdown,themostseriousproblemtoAmericanworkersis______.A．tohavenoworktodo B．tokeeptheaircleanC．togetabetterlife D．togotoworkbybike15．Whatistheconclusion(結(jié)論)ofthewriter?A．Bicyclingistheonlywayout.B．Thenumberofcarsmustbecutdown.C．Carsbringusnothingbutseriousproblems.D．Carsbringusnotonlyabetterlifebutseriousproblems.（2022·北京師大附中高一期末）LessonsintheLostArtofListeningWhenwasthelasttimeyoulistenedtosomeone?Andwhenwasthelasttimesomeonereallylistenedtoyou?Ionceaskedpeoplewhatitmeanttobeagoodlistener.Thetypicalresponsewasablankstare.Ofcourse,technologyplaysarole.Peoplefindphonecallsinterruptingthem,preferringtextorwordlessemoji.Besides,schoolsandcollegesrarelyofferclassesoractivitiesthatteachcarefullistening.Youcanjoinclubstoperfectyourpublicspeaking,butwhoattemptstoachieveexcellenceinlistening?Theloudunpleasantmixtureofsoundsofmodernlifealsostopsusfromlistening.Generally,listeninggoesbeyondsimplyhearingwhatpeoplesay.Italsoinvolvespayingattentiontohowtheysayitandwhattheydowhiletheyaresayingit,inwhatcontext,andhowwhattheysayisrelatedtoyou.It’snotaboutmerelyholdingyourpeacewhilesomeoneelseholdsforth.Quitetheopposite.Alotoflisteninghastodowithhowyourespond—thedegreetowhichyoufacilitatetheclearexpressionofanotherperson’sthoughtsand,intheprocess,haveaclearmindofyourown.Goodlistenersaskgoodquestions.Theyengageinexploringthetopic,nottodivertattention.Therearecuriousquestionslike“Wouldn’tyouagree…?”or“Don’tyouthink…?”Thesequestionshavestrongtendencies.Theywillgreatlyinfluencetheotherpersontochangehisorherview.Andyou’dbetterstayawayfromsomepersonalquestionslike“Whatdoyoudoforaliving?”or“Whatpartoftowndoyoulivein?”Justtrytofindoutwhatexcitespeople.Askaboutthelastmovietheysaworforthestorybehindapieceofjewelrythey’rewearing.Alsogoodareexpansivequestions,suchas,“Ifyoucouldspendamonth,wherewouldyougo?”Researchindicatesthatwhenpeoplewhodon’tknoweachotherwellaskeachotherthistypeofquestion,theyfeelmoreconnectedthaniftheyspendtimetogetherachievingatask.Becauseourbraincanthinkalotfasterthanpeoplecantalk,becarefulwiththetendencytotakementalsidetripswhenyouarelistening.Smartpeople’sattentioniseasilytakenawaybytheirownrunawaythoughts.Theymayalsoassumetheyalreadyknowwhattheotherpersonisgoingtosay.Therewardofgoodlisteningwillcertainlybemoreinterestingconversations.Researchershavefoundthatattentivelistenersreceivemoreinformationfromspeakers,evenwhentheydon’taskanyquestions.Weare,eachofus,thesumofwhatweattendtoinlife.Thegentlevoiceofamotherandthecriticismofabossbothultimatelyformandshapeus.Andtolistenpoorly,selectivelyornotatalllimitsyourunderstandingoftheworldandpreventsyoufrombecomingthebestyoucanbe.16．Oneofthefactorsthatinfluencelisteningisthat________.A．ourconfidenceinlisteningisdecreasing B．ourspeechcreatesalotofnoisearoundusC．listeningskillsareseldomtaughtinschool D．textingcausesabettereffectthanphonecalls17．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Whytheartoflisteninggetslostbyitself. B．Whyeffectivemethodsareusedinlistening.C．Howpeoplemakethemselveswellunderstood. D．Howpeoplecanreclaimthelostartoflistening.18．Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldpeopledowhentheyarelistening?A．Avoidbeingabsent-minded. B．Comeupwithcuriousquestions.C．Focusonthespeaker’spersonalinformation. D．Trytofindcommoninterestswiththespeaker.19．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Listeningandspeakingdeserveequalattention.B．Goodlistenersmaximizethebenefitsforthemselves.C．Badlisteningultimatelycontributestopeople’sfailure.D．Listeners’clearmindfacilitatesspeakers’expressionofthoughts.（2022·北京昌平·高一期末）Todealwithabigenvironmentalproblem,chemistshavebeenthinkingsmall.Reallysmall.Theirnewtinyrobothasonepurpose:tohelpcleanuptinybitsofplastic(塑料的)pollutingwaterwaysacrosstheworld.Eachnewmicrorobotisnobiggerthanthetipofasharpenedpencil.Theyaremagnetic(磁的)andshapedlikestars.Whensunlighthitsthem,theyproducechemicalreactions(化學(xué)反應(yīng))thatpushthemthroughwaterinaspecificdirection.Whentheyfindapieceofplastic,theycatchitandstarttobreakitdown.Whenthelightsgoout,theyletgoandarefreetobeusedagain.Inanewstudy,thescientistsreportedthattheserobotscaneitherbreakdownapieceofmicroplasticorholdontoittobecollectedlater.ChemistMartinPumeraattheCzechUniversityofChemistryandTechnologyinPragueledtheproject.Hestudieswaystobuildmicrorobots.Hesays:“Let’smakethemdosomethinguseful.”Pumerachosetocenterontheproblemcausedbymicroplastics.It’sabigproblem.Thesearetinybitsofplastic,usuallynowiderthanthetopofapencileraser.Andthey’reeverywhere—fromthebottomoftheoceantoairblowingontoiceatthetopofmountains.They’veturnedupindrinkingwater,bothbottledandtapwater.Somestudiesfoundthattoomanypiecesofplasticendupintheworld’swaters.Plasticdoesn’teasilydegrade(分解)orfallapart.That’salwaysbeenoneofitsstudypoints.Pumerasayshisfinalgoalistomakecheapandenvironmentally-friendlyrobotsthatcanbeusedanywhereintheworld.Hethoughtthatatfirsttheymightbemostusefulinplantsthattreatwastewater.Theretheycanremoveplasticbeforeitreachesopenwater.Inlabexperiments,thestar-shapedswimmerscatcheachoffourdifferenttypesofplastic.Andafteraweekexposed(暴露)tolight,therobotshadreducedtheweightoftheplastics.Itwasn’tmuch—onlyby3percent.Butthatwasasign

theywerebreakingtheplasticdown.Infact,Pumerasaystheystillhavealongwaytogo.Therearemanytypesofplastics.Andeventhesemicrorobotsareunlikelytosucceedindegradingthemall.Theresearchersalsohavenotyetshownhowsafethissystemisfortheenvironment,althoughPumerasaysthat’stheirnextgoal.Thefirstreal-worldtestwillbeinawastewater-treatmentplant.20．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph2referto?A．Microrobots. B．Stars. C．Pencils. D．Microplastics.21．Paragraph4ismainlyabout_______.A．theexperimentcarriedoutbyPumeraB．thefunctionsthatthemicrorobotholdsC．theplaceswheremicroplasticsusuallyturnupD．thereasonwhyPumerainventedthemicrorobot22．Accordingtothepassagemicrorobots______.A．canbreakdownplasticsinthedarkB．provetobemostusefulinopenwaterC．donoharmtotheenvironmentatpresentD．needfurthertestingbeforetheyareputintouse23．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Toencouragepeopletofindmoresolutionstopollutions.B．Topresentanewwayofbreakingdownmicroplastics.C．Tostresstheimportanceofprotectingthewater.D．Toexplainaseriousenvironmentalproblem.

參考答案1．C

2．B

3．C

4．B【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹一項新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)，太平洋鱈魚通過每天更換大約3%的牙齒來保持牙齒鋒利和閃亮。1．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Inordertodeterminethefrequencyatwhichlingcodreplacetheirteeth,Ms.Cohen,acoauthorofthenewstudy,andhercolleagueskept20lingcodattheUniversityofWashington’sFridayHarborLaboratoriesandtrackedhowmanyteeththeylostandregrewoverseveraldays.Thefishwereplacedinatankofseawatermixedwithareddye(染料)thatcoloredtheirteeth,thenreturnedtotheirregulartankfor10days.Whenthe10dayswereup,thefishwereplacedinatankcontainingagreendyeandthenexamined.Theteeththatwerepresentsincethestartoftheexperimentwerebothredandgreen,whereasthenewteethwereonlygreen.(為了確定鱈魚換牙的頻率，這項新研究的合著者科恩女士和她的同事們在華盛頓大學(xué)的周五港實驗室保存了20條靈鱈魚，并跟蹤了幾天內(nèi)它們失去和再生的牙齒數(shù)量。這些魚被放置在一個海水中混合了一種紅色染料的水箱里，這些染料可以給它們的牙齒上色，然后再回到正常的水箱中10天。10天過后，這些魚被放置在一個裝有綠色染料的容器中，然后進(jìn)行檢測。實驗開始后出現(xiàn)的牙齒是紅色和綠色的，而新牙齒只有綠色。)”可知，本段陳述研究是如何進(jìn)行的。故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thewaylingcodreplacetheirteethislikelycrucialtotheirhuntingstrategy,saysKoryEvans,afishecologistatRiceUniversityinHouston.“Thedulleralingcod’steethare,theharderitisgoingtobeforittoholdontoitstarget.Sohavingtheabilitytoshedteethandreplacethemisprettyimportant.”(休斯頓萊斯大學(xué)的魚類生態(tài)學(xué)家KoryEvans說，鱈魚更換牙齒的方式可能對它們的狩獵策略至關(guān)重要?！镑L魚的牙齒越鈍，它就越難抓住目標(biāo)。所以擁有牙齒脫落和更換的能力是非常重要的?！?”可知，鱈魚的牙齒被替換是為了更好地尋找食物。故選B。3．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章最后一段劃線詞前句“Thedulleralingcod’steethare,theharderitisgoingtobeforittoholdontoitstarget.(鱈魚的牙齒越鈍，它就越難抓住目標(biāo)。)”和后半句“andreplacethemisprettyimportant.(更換的能力是非常重要的。)”和常識可知，鱈魚牙齒更換前舊的牙齒會脫落。所以shed為“脫落”之意。故選C。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Butastudy,publishedinNovemberintheProceedingsoftheRoyalSocietyB,claimsthatPacificlingcodkeeptheirteethsharpandshinybyreplacingaboutthreepercentofthemeveryday.(但是11月發(fā)表在《英國皇家學(xué)會學(xué)報B》上的一項研究稱，太平洋鱈魚通過每天更換大約3%的牙齒來保持牙齒鋒利和閃亮。)”及全文可知，文章主要介紹一項新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)，太平洋鱈魚通過每天更換大約3%的牙齒來保持牙齒鋒利和閃亮。所以推斷寫此篇文章的目的是介紹一項新研究的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選B。5．A

6．B

7．B

8．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要講述了一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，每天盯著深紅色的燈看三分鐘可以大大改善視力下降，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)將會受益于人類。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“AnewUniversityCollegeLondon-ledstudyfindsthatstaringatadeepredlightforthreeminutesadaycangreatlyimprovedecliningeyesight.”（倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，每天盯著深紅色的燈看三分鐘可以大大改善視力下降。）可知，文章主要講述了一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以第一段的作用就是引出話題。故選A項。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Doctorssayathree-minutedailydoesofthespecialredlightfortwoweekscouldhelpimproveage-relatedvisionproblems.”（醫(yī)生說，每天三分鐘的特殊紅燈持續(xù)兩周可以幫助改善和年齡有關(guān)的視力問題。）以及第三段第二行“Theleadauthor,ProfessorGlenJefferysaid,"Istronglysuggestthatpeopleshouldnotjustgoandbuyaredlightonline.Theyhavetoproducetherightwavelength.…””（主要作者格倫·杰弗里教授說：“我強(qiáng)烈建議人們不應(yīng)該僅僅在網(wǎng)上購買紅燈。它們必須產(chǎn)生正確的波長……”）可知，波長合適的紅光可能會有幫助。故選B項。7．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“ThestudywascarriedoutbyateamfromUniversityCollegeLondon.Researchersconductedtestson24menandwomenagedbetween28and72.Theysaidsomecellsthatcouldhelpusprocesslighthadbecomeworseintheolderpeople.Doctorssaytheredlightimprovedtheabilityofthesepeopletodetectdifferentcolors,particularlyblue.Thevisionoftheseolderpeopleimprovedbyasmuchas22percent,Jeffreysaid,"Populationsareageingrapidlyandthisisgoingtobeamajorissueinthefuture.Weneedtogetreadyforthis."Headded,"Ifyoucan'tseeclearly,youcan'treadorwatchTV.Youalsotendtofalldownandbreakbones.Ourlightsareastepinthisdirection."”（這項研究是由倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的一個團(tuán)隊進(jìn)行的。研究人員對24名年齡在28歲至72歲之間的男性和女性進(jìn)行了測試。他們說，一些可以幫助我們處理光線的細(xì)胞在老年人中變得更糟。醫(yī)生說，紅光提高了這些人檢測不同顏色的能力，尤其是藍(lán)色。杰弗里說，這些老年人的視力提高了22%，“人口正在迅速老齡化，這將是未來的一個重大問題。我們需要為此做好準(zhǔn)備。”他補(bǔ)充道：“如果你看不清楚，你就不能閱讀或看電視。你也會摔倒，骨折。我們的燈光就是朝這個方向邁出的一步。”）可知，最后一段主要講研究的過程和結(jié)果。故選B項。8．推理判斷題。文章主要講述了一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，每天盯著深紅色的燈看三分鐘可以大大改善視力，這一發(fā)現(xiàn)將會受益于人類。所以這是關(guān)于醫(yī)學(xué)方面的文章，可能來自于醫(yī)學(xué)雜志。故選A項。9．A

10．D

11．C

12．B【分析】本文是一篇議論文，主要論述的是新技術(shù)的優(yōu)點和缺點。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Theysaidthatsomeadvancesintechnologywereunnecessaryandcouldevenbedangerous.Hence,weshouldceaseacceptingtechnologyjustbecauseitisnew.（他們說，一些技術(shù)進(jìn)步是不必要的，甚至可能是危險的。因此，我們應(yīng)該停止僅僅因為技術(shù)是新的就接受它。）”可知，作者在第一段中提到無人駕駛汽車想要表達(dá)的是關(guān)于新技術(shù)的熱門話題。故選A。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Theyadvocateasimplelifewithanemphasisonhardwork,family,andcommunity.（他們提倡簡單的生活，強(qiáng)調(diào)努力工作、家庭和社區(qū)。）”可知，生活在美國鄉(xiāng)村的基督徒提倡的是注重人與人之間的互動的生活方式，故選D。11．推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段的“Ontheonehand,therearemanydifferentgroupsofpeoplearoundtheworldwholivehappilyintheabsenceofnewtechnology.（一方面，世界上有許多不同的人群在沒有新技術(shù)的情況下幸福地生活著。）”和第三段的“Ontheotherhand,newtechnologyhasprovidedpeopleeverywherewithmanybenefitsovertheyears.（另一方面，新技術(shù)給世界各地的人們帶來了很多好處。）”可知，本文的目的主要是討論新技術(shù)的優(yōu)點和缺點。故選C。12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Nevertheless,Iwillalwayslookonthebrightsideofchangeandacceptitratherthanresistit.（然而，我將始終看到變化的光明面，接受它，而不是抗拒它。）”可知，作者對技術(shù)進(jìn)步的態(tài)度是積極的，故選B。13．B

14．A

15．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了汽車會產(chǎn)生空氣污染，和幾個解決空氣污染的方法。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Onewaytogetridofthepollutedairistobuildacarthatdoesnotpollute.(解決空氣污染的一個辦法是制造一輛不污染空氣的汽車)”、文章第四段“Anotherwayistotaketheplaceofthecarenginebysomethingelse.(另一種方法是用別的東西代替汽車引擎)”以及文章第五段“Topreventtheworldfrombeingpollutedbycars,we’llhavetomakesomechangesinthewaymanyofuslive.(為了防止世界被汽車污染，我們必須在許多人的生活方式上做出一些改變)”可知，文章提到了“設(shè)計一輛新車”、“用其他東西代替汽車發(fā)動機(jī)”以及“改變我們許多人的生活方式”這三種擺脫空氣污染的方法。故選B。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Alargenumberofworkersmayfindthemselveswithoutjobsifacarfactoryclosesdown.(如果汽車廠倒閉，大量工人可能會失業(yè))”可知，如果汽車的數(shù)量減少，對美國工人來說最嚴(yán)重的問題就是沒有工作可做。故選A。15．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Althoughcarshaveledustoabetterlife,theyhavealsobroughtusnewproblems.(盡管汽車讓我們的生活更美好，但它們也給我們帶來了新的問題)”可知，作者得出的結(jié)論是汽車不僅給我們帶來了更好的生活，也帶來了嚴(yán)重的問題。故選D。16．C

17．D

18．A

19．B【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了失落的傾聽藝術(shù)，分析了導(dǎo)致傾聽藝術(shù)遺失的一些因素、好的傾聽者所具有的一些特點和傾聽所帶來的潛在好處。16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Besides,schoolsandcollegesrarelyofferclassesoractivitiesthatteachcarefullistening.(此外，學(xué)校和大學(xué)很少開設(shè)教導(dǎo)認(rèn)真聆聽的課程或活動)”可知，影響聆聽的因素之一是學(xué)校很少教授聆聽技巧。故選C。17．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Generally,listeninggoesbeyondsimplyhearingwhatpeoplesay.Italsoinvolvespayingattentiontohowtheysayitandwhattheydowhiletheyaresayingit,inwhatcontext,andhowwhattheysayisrelatedtoyou.It’snotaboutmerelyholdingyourpeacewhilesomeoneelseholdsforth.Quitetheopposite.Alotoflisteninghastodowithhowyourespond—thedegreetowhichyoufacilitatetheclearexpressionofanotherperson’sthoughtsand,intheprocess,haveaclearmindofyourown.(一般來說，傾聽不僅僅是聽別人說什么。這還涉及到注意他們是如何說的、他們說的時候做了什么、在什么語境下以及他們說的話與你有什么關(guān)系。這不僅僅是在別人滔滔不絕的時候保持沉默。恰恰相反。大量的傾聽與你如何回應(yīng)有關(guān)——你在多大程度上促進(jìn)了他人思想的清晰表達(dá)，在這個過程中，你有一個清晰的自己的頭腦)”可知，第三段主要講了人們?nèi)绾沃匦抡一厥鞯膬A聽藝術(shù)。故選D。18．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Becauseourbraincanthinkalotfasterthanpeoplecantalk,be