中藥炮制常用輔料貯存與保管中藥炮制技術(shù)講解

CommonlyusedauxiliarymaterialsforChinesemedicineprocessingStorageandcustody中藥炮制技術(shù)Chinesemedicineprocessingtechnology中藥炮制常用輔料貯存與保管目錄液體輔料Liquidauxiliarymaterial壹固體輔料Solidauxiliarymaterial貳中藥飲片的質(zhì)量要求QualityrequirementsofTCMdecoctionpieces叁中藥炮制技術(shù)課程簡介Contentnavigation內(nèi)容導(dǎo)航CENTER中藥飲片的貯存與保管StorageandcustodyofChinesemedicinedecoctionpieces肆第壹節(jié)中藥炮制技術(shù)課程簡介液體輔料LiquidauxiliarymaterialLiquidauxiliarymaterial液體輔料Liquidauxiliarymaterial液體輔料分為黃酒（含乙醇15～20%）（古稱清酒、米酒）、白酒（含乙醇50～60%）（又稱燒酒）兩大類；甘辛大熱，能通血脈、行藥熱地、散寒、矯味矯臭。適用范圍：多用于活血散瘀，祛風(fēng)通絡(luò)藥物及動(dòng)物類藥物。Dividedintoricewine(containingethanol15~20%)(ancientsake,ricewine),liquor(containingethanol50~60%)(alsoknownasshochu)twocategories;Ganxinbigheat,canpassblood,linemedicinehotground,dispelcold,correcttasteandodor.Scopeofapplication:mainlyusedforpromotingbloodcirculationanddispersingstasis,dispellingwindandclearingcollateralsdrugsandanimaldrugs.酒wineLiquidauxiliarymaterial液體輔料主要用米醋，古代又稱苦酒。性味苦溫，能散瘀止血、理氣、止痛、行水、解毒、矯味矯臭。適用范圍：多用于疏肝解郁，散瘀止痛、攻下水的藥物。Mainlyusedricevinegar,alsoknownasbitterwineinancienttimes.Bitterandwarmtaste,candispersebloodstasis,regulateqi,pain,water,detoxification,correctingtasteandodor.Scopeofapplication:Itismainlyusedforsoothingliverandrelievingdepression,dispersingstasisandrelievingpain,andattackingwater.醋vinegarLiquidauxiliarymaterial液體輔料經(jīng)過加熱煉熟的蜂蜜。甘平，補(bǔ)中潤燥、止痛、解毒、矯味矯臭，能與藥物起協(xié)同作用，增強(qiáng)藥物的療效。適用范圍：用于止咳平喘、補(bǔ)脾益氣的藥物。Honeythathasbeenrefinedbyheat.Ganping,tonifyingmoisteningdryness,relievingpain,detoxifying,correctingtasteandodor,canworksynergisticwithdrugstoenhancetheefficacyofdrugs.Scopeofapplication:Usedforrelievingcoughandrelievingasthma,tonifyingspleenandtonifyingqi.蜂蜜HoneyLiquidauxiliarymaterial液體輔料性味辛、溫。能發(fā)表、散寒、止嘔、開痰、解毒。經(jīng)姜汁制后能抑制藥物的寒性，增加療效，降低毒性。適用范圍：用于化痰止咳、降逆止嘔的藥物。Thetasteishotandwarm.Itcanpublish,dispelcold,stopvomiting,openphlegmanddetoxify.Thegingerjuicecaninhibitthecoldofthedrug,increasethecurativeeffectandreducethetoxicity.Scopeofapplication:Itisadrugusedtorelievephlegmandcough,reducereversevomiting.生姜汁GingerjuiceLiquidauxiliarymaterial液體輔料食鹽加適量的水溶化，性味咸寒，能強(qiáng)筋骨、軟堅(jiān)散結(jié)、清熱、涼血、解毒、防腐，并能矯味矯臭。藥物經(jīng)食鹽水制后，能改變藥物的性能，增強(qiáng)藥物的作用。Saltwiththerightamountofwatertodissolve,saltyandcold,canstrengthenthebones,softandhard,clearheat,coolblood,detoxification,anti-corrosion,andcancorrectthetasteandodor.Theperformanceofthedrugcanbechangedandtheeffectofthedrugcanbeenhancedwhenthedrugispreparedbysaltwater.食鹽水Saltwater第貳節(jié)中藥炮制技術(shù)課程簡介固體輔料SolidauxiliarymaterialSolidauxiliarymaterial固體輔料Solidauxiliarymaterial固體輔料麥麩為小麥的種皮，呈褐黃色。主含淀粉、蛋白質(zhì)及維生素等。麥麩性味甘、淡。能和中益脾。與藥物共制能緩和藥物的燥性，去除藥物不快之氣味，增強(qiáng)療效。Wheatbranistheseedcoatofwheat,brownyellow.Maincontainsstarch,proteinandvitamins.Wheatbrantastesweet,light.Canharmonizeandtonifythespleen.Co-preparationwithdrugscaneasethedrynessofdrugs,removetheunpleasantodorofdrugs,andenhancethecurativeeffect.麥麩WheatbranSolidauxiliarymaterial固體輔料篩取中等粗細(xì)的河沙，淘盡泥土，除盡雜質(zhì)，曬干備用。河沙Riversand用沙作中間體，取其溫度高，受熱均勻，可使堅(jiān)硬的藥物經(jīng)沙炒后質(zhì)變松脆，易于粉碎和煎出有效成分；還可破壞藥物的毒性，易于除去非藥用部分。常以砂炒的藥物有馬錢子、穿山甲、龜板、鱉甲等。Sievethemediumthicknessofriversand,washthesoil,removeallimpurities,dryforuse.Sandisusedastheintermediate,thetemperatureishighandtheheatisuniform,whichcanmakethehardmedicinebecomebrittleafterfryingwithsand,anditiseasytobecrushedandfriedouttheeffectiveingredients;Itcanalsodestroythetoxicityofthedrugandeasilyremovethenon-medicinalpart.Commonlyfriedwithsanddrugsarestrychnine,pangolin,turtleboard,turtleshellandsoon.Solidauxiliarymaterial固體輔料滑石粉性味甘、寒?；跿alcpowder能利尿，清熱解暑。一般作中間傳熱體，用以拌炒藥物，能使藥物受熱均勻。常以滑石粉炒的藥物有刺猬皮、魚鰾等。Talcpowdertastesweet,cold.Itcandiuresisandclearheat.Generallyusedasanintermediateheattransferbody,usedtostirthemedicine,canmakethemedicineheatevenly.Drugsoftenfriedwithtalcpowderarehedgehogskin,fishbladderandsoon.Solidauxiliarymaterial固體輔料味咸，性寒。蛤粉Clammeal作為傳熱介質(zhì)，使藥物受熱均勻，主要用于燙制膠類藥物。如阿膠、鹿角膠等。Saltytaste,coldnature.Asaheattransfermedium,thedrugisheatedevenly,mainlyusedforironinggluedrugs.Suchasejiao,antlerglueandsoon.第叁節(jié)中藥炮制技術(shù)課程簡介中藥飲片的質(zhì)量要求QualityrequirementsofTCMdecoctionpiecesQualityrequirementsofTCMdecoctionpieces中藥飲片的質(zhì)量要求QualityrequirementsofTCMdecoctionpieces中藥飲片的質(zhì)量要求以《中國藥典》、《全國炮制規(guī)范》和《飲片質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)通則》規(guī)定為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Accordingtotheprovisionsof"ChinesePharmacopoeia","NationalProcessingStandard"and"GeneralRulesforthequalitystandardofDecoctionPieces".--ThereareotherprovisionsintheGeneralRulesofQualityStandardsforChineseMedicinePreparedPieces(Trial).——《中藥飲片質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)通則（試行）》還有其他一些規(guī)定。壹貳肆叁Friedriceshouldbehotbutnotscorched.炒黃品應(yīng)該掛火色但不能焦Allcharproductsshouldnotbeburntblack.炒炭品不能全部變?yōu)榻购谏玊hecolorofthefriedproductsshouldbeeven.炒制品的色澤應(yīng)該均勻Flowers,leavesandcutpiecesshouldretaintheiroriginalcolor.花、葉類以及切制后的飲片應(yīng)該保留原來的色澤第肆節(jié)中藥炮制技術(shù)課程簡介中藥飲片的貯存與保管StorageandcustodyofChinesemedicinedecoctionpiecesStorageandcustodyofChinesemedicinedecoctionpieces中藥飲片的貯存與保管StorageandcustodyofChinesemedicinedecoctionpieces中藥飲片的貯存與保管中藥飲片的在貯藏保管中常見的變異現(xiàn)象CommonvariationinthestorageandstorageofTCMdecoctionpieces.主要為：Themainonesare:巴豆Croton發(fā)霉Gomouldy泛油Oilspill變色Changecolor氣味散失Odourloss風(fēng)化weathering潮解溶化Deliquescencedissolves粘連synechia揮發(fā)volatilize腐爛decomposeStorageandcustodyofChinesemedicinedecoctionpieces中藥飲片的貯存與保管影響中藥飲片變異的自然因素CommonvariationinthestorageandstorageofTCMdecoctionpieces.1.自然因素對炮制藥品的影響主要有以下幾個(gè)方面：溫度、濕度、空氣、日光1.Naturalfactorsaffecttheprocessingofdrugsmainlyinthefollowingaspects:temperature,humidity,air,daylight.溫度temperature濕度humidness空氣air日光sunlightStorageandcustodyofChinesemedicinedecoctionpieces中藥飲片的貯存與保管影響中藥飲片變異的自然因素CommonvariationinthestorageandstorageofTCMdecoctionpieces.傳統(tǒng)的貯藏保管法Traditionalstorage清潔養(yǎng)護(hù)法Cleanmaintenancemethod通過清潔和消毒，杜絕害蟲感染的途徑。Eliminatethepathofpestinfectionthroughcleaninganddisinfection.防濕養(yǎng)護(hù)法Moisture-proofcuring利用吸濕物，吸收潮濕空氣中的水分，以保持倉庫涼爽而干燥的環(huán)境。Usemoi