2024-2025學年高中英語Module4CarnivalSectionⅡGrammar教學案外研版必修5

PAGE1-SectionⅡGrammar——被動語態(tài)課前自主預(yù)[例句·體驗]1．SomeprepositionsareomittedinAmericanEnglish.在美式英語中，一些介詞被省略了。2．Sofar,themoonhasbeenvisitedbymanalready.到目前為止，月球已被人類到訪過了。3．AtalkonChinesehistorywillbegivenintheschoolhallnextweek.下周，一場關(guān)于中國歷史的講座將在學校禮堂實行。4．Alotofthingsarebeingdonebythedoctorstosavethelittlegirlnow.現(xiàn)在醫(yī)生們在用完一切方法救治那個小女孩。5．Themonkeywasseentojumpoffthetreejustnow.剛才那只猴子被看到從樹上跳了下來。6．Howmanytreeshadbeenplantedbytheendoflastyear?到去年年底，已經(jīng)種了多少棵樹？7．Anicepicturewasbeingdrawnforourteacheratthistimeyesterday.昨天這個時候，正在為我們老師畫一幅美麗的畫。8．Wasthecitybuiltin1880?這座城市被建于1880年嗎？9．Willthefoodbesenttothehomelesstomorrow?明天這些食物會被送給無家可歸者嗎？10．Hasthegirlbeenallowedtogooutaloneatnightyet?那個女孩已被允許晚上獨自外出了嗎？課堂合作探究[語法·講座]一、被動語態(tài)概述構(gòu)成助動詞be＋動詞的過去分詞(be動詞有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的改變)用法(1)不知道動作的執(zhí)行者或者沒必要、不情愿或不便說出動作的執(zhí)行者時(2)強調(diào)或突出動作的承受者或事務(wù)本身時①Hisbicyclewasstolenyesterday.他的自行車昨天被人偷了。②Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.我們每天都打掃教室。③Somebabiesarebeinglookedafterbymymother.一些嬰兒正由我母親照看。名師點津在被動語態(tài)中，常常帶有“by＋動作執(zhí)行者”，by在此譯為“被，由”。二、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/aredone一般過去時was/weredone一般將來時will/shallbedone現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/arebeingdone過去進行時was/werebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasbeendone過去完成時hadbeendone過去將來時wouldbedone①Englishisspokeninmanycountries.許多國家說英語。②Sometreesarebeingcutdowninthepark.公園里的一些樹正在被砍倒。③Theconstructionofthenewlabwillbecompletedbytheendofnextmonth.新試驗室將會在下個月底前完工。④Thesemagazineswillnotbetakenoutofthereadingroom.不準把這些雜志帶出閱覽室。⑤Hastheyoungmanbeaskedtodosuchheavywork?讓這個年輕人做這樣繁重的工作了嗎？⑥Wherewasthetextbookput？課本放在哪兒了？⑦TheworkhadbeenfinishedbeforeIcamehere.我來到這兒之前，這項工作已經(jīng)完成了。⑧Hetoldmethatthosetreeswouldbemovedtothepark.他告知我，那些樹將被移到公園去。名師點津被動語態(tài)的否定形式是在助動詞后面加not；其疑問句形式是把助動詞放在主語的前面。三、被動語態(tài)的特別形式1.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞。①Sheshouldbetaughthowtooperatethecomputer.應(yīng)當教給她如何操作電腦。2.“get/remain＋動詞的過去分詞”是被動語態(tài)的變形，強調(diào)結(jié)果。②Thepatientgetstreatedonceaweek.那位病人一周得到一次治療。四、主動形式表達被動含義1.動詞look,sound,feel,smell,taste,seem,turn,fail,grow,keep,go,stay作系動詞時，后跟名詞或形容詞作表語，表示主語的特點。①Thedishtastesdelicious.這道菜嘗起來美味極了。2.表示起先、結(jié)束、運動的動詞，如begin,finish,open,stop,move等，用主動形式表達被動含義。②Theshopopensat8：00everyday.商店每天八點起先營業(yè)。3．表示主語屬性、特性的動詞，如read,write,sell,wash,lock等，用主動形式表達被動含義。③Thenewbooksellswell.這本新書銷路很好。五、主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)1.將主動語態(tài)的賓語用作被動語態(tài)的主語，謂語動詞變?yōu)椤癰e＋及物動詞的過去分詞”，并通過be的改變來表達出不同的時態(tài)，其后可接by介詞短語，by后面是動作的發(fā)出者(有時by短語可以省略)。①Theteacheraskedhimtoanswerthequestion.老師讓他回答問題。(變成被動語態(tài))＝Hewasaskedtoanswerthequestionbytheteacher.2.被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句是將一個助動詞置于主語之前；否定句是在第一個助動詞后加not；特別疑問句的語序為：疑問詞＋一般疑問句。②Willthedoctoroperateonthepatient?醫(yī)生將給病人動手術(shù)嗎？(變成被動語態(tài))＝Willthepatientbeoperatedonbythedoctor?③Wheredidtheygrowvegetables?他們在哪兒種菜？(變成被動語態(tài))＝Wherewerevegetablesgrownbythem?3.含雙賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，有兩種方法：一是將間接賓語(人)變?yōu)橹髡Z，干脆賓語(物)保持不變；二是將干脆賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語用介詞to或for引導。④Hetoldusastory.他給我們講了一個故事。(變成被動語態(tài))＝Weweretoldastorybyhim.＝Astorywastoldtousbyhim.⑤Hermotherboughtheracomputer.她媽媽給她買了一臺電腦。(變成被動語態(tài))＝Acomputerwasboughtforherbyhermother.＝Shewasboughtacomputerbyhermother.4.若主動語態(tài)中的謂語是動詞短語，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要將動詞短語視為一個整體，其后的介詞或副詞不能省去。⑥Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren.她將會照看好這些孩子。(變成被動語態(tài))＝Thechildrenwillbetakengoodcareofbyher.5.let，make等使役動詞和see，watch，feel，notice，hear等感官動詞用于被動語態(tài)時，若其后接動詞不定式作補足語，這時要用帶to的不定式。⑦IhearClass7singtheEnglishsongeveryday.每天我都聽到7班唱這首英文歌。(變成被動語態(tài))＝TheEnglishsongisheardtosingeverydaybyme.[課堂·總結(jié)演練]Ⅰ單句語法填空1．Customersareaskedtomakesurethatthey________(give)therightchangebeforeleavingtheshop.答案：havebeengiven2．—Whatdoyouthinkofthespeech?—Thespeakersaidalmostnothingworth________(listen)to.答案：listening3．Perhapsmostofthework________(do)bythistimetomorrow.答案：willhavebeendone4．Intimesofeconomicdownturn,children________(warn)nottofollowthefashion.答案：werewarned5．Peoplewerenotallowedtoenterthereadingroombecauseit________(paint)．答案：wasbeingpainted6．Weknewthatwe________(give)ourbooksthenextday.答案：wouldbegiven7．Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse________(build)atpresentinthedisasterarea.答案：isbeingbuilt8．Thesurfaceofthetable________(notfeel)smoothenough.答案：doesn'tfeel9．It________(notdecide)whethershewillgetherworkinthecompany.答案：hasn'tbeendecided10．Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium________(complete)inShanghai.答案：hadbeencompletedⅡ單句改錯1．Whatthegirlstudenthassaidissoundedtrue._________________________________________________________________答案：issounded→sounds2．Thelockislockedeasily._________________________________________________________________答案：islocked→locks3．Themeeting-roomneedsbeingcleaned._________________________________________________________________答案：beingcleaned→cleaning/tobecleaned4．Thebooksinthebookshopareworthbeingread._________________________________________________________________答案：beingread→reading5．Theflowersweresolovelythattheywereselloutinnotime._________________________________________________________________答案：sell→sold演練通關(guān)提升[夯實·基礎(chǔ)學問]Ⅰ單句語法填空1．Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.答案：hadbeentrapped2．Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan________(carry)outinthepasttwoyears.答案：hadbeencarried3．Mywashingmachine________(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.答案：isbeingrepaired4．Thestudents________(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs,becausetheyneed________(repair)．答案：aretold;repairing/toberepaired5．Howmanytrees________(plant)inyourschooleveryyear?答案：areplanted6．Jane________(dress)inbluejeansandapinkshirtlastweek.答案：wasdressed7．Thiskindofapple________(sell)well.答案：sells8．Amedicalteam________(send)totheworst-hitdisasterareatomorrow.答案：willbesent9．Thecomputercontestmay________(hold)nextweekintime.答案：beheld10．—Wewanttositatthetablenearthewindow.—Iamsorry,butit________(reserve)already.答案：hasbeenreservedⅡ單句改錯1．ThewaterwasfeltcoolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise._________________________________________________________________答案：去掉was2．Yourpeniswrittenquitesmoothly._________________________________________________________________答案：iswritten→writes3．Theproblemrequiresbeingstudyingwithcare._________________________________________________________________答案：beingstudying→studying/tobestudied4．Thequestionisworthbeingdiscussedagainandagain._________________________________________________________________答案：beingdiscussed→discussing5．TwoEnglishbookshasbeenlearnedbytheendoflastterm._________________________________________________________________答案：has→hadⅢ單句寫作1．明年我們學校要建立一座新的教學樓。Anewteachingbuilding____________inourschoolnextyear.答案：willbebuilt2．在你離開教室之前，應(yīng)當關(guān)上門和窗戶。Beforeyouleavetheclassroom，thedoorandwindows____________________.答案：shouldbeclosed3．到現(xiàn)在為止全部的工作都已經(jīng)做完了。Alltheworkbynow____________________.答案：hasbeenfinished4．我們都知道，學校的一切規(guī)章都必需遵守。Asweknow,alltheregulationsinschool____________________.答案：mustbekept/obeyed5．那邊有一群人，去看看在賣什么。There'sacrowdofpeopleoverthere.Goandseewhat______________.答案：isbeingsold[提升·實戰(zhàn)實力]Ⅳ閱讀理解Thesunwassettingandthefarmwouldbeclosing.Idressedourthreedaughtersquicklyasmyhusbandstartedthevan.CuttingdownourownChristmastreehadbeenafamilytradition.Asourfamilygrew,sodidourexcitementforgoingouttofindtheperfecttree.Aswewalkedthroughtherowsoftrees,myyoungestdaughterKimberlyshoutedexcitedly,“Thereitis,theperfecttree！”Theothertwoagreed.MyhusbandandIlookedateachotherpuzzled.Weweresurprisedthegirlsthoughtthatstraggly(凌亂的)littletreewasperfect.Itsbranchesweremisshappen(畸形的)andthetrunkwasvisiblethroughthespotswheretherewerenopineneedles.Wetriedtopersuadeourdaughtersintochangingtheirminds,butinvain.Wehadtotiethesadlittletreetotheroofofourvanandheadedhome.Aswereachedourhouse,Heatherjumpedoutfirst.Suddenlysheshouted,“Thetreeisn'tthere！”Wethoughtshewaskidding.However,itwasn'tthere.Thegirlsweresodisappointed.“We'llgetanothertreetomorrow，”Isaid,secretlyhopingthenewtreewouldbeprettier.Butthegirlsgaveusthelookthatnoparentcanresist.Wehadnochoicebuttogobackandfindthattree.Aboutfiveminutesintoourdrive,wesawitonthesideoftheroad.Aswegotcloser,wefoundithadbeenrunoverbyatruck.Asweliftedthetree,wesawthatabigpartwasrippedoff,butwetookithomeanyway.Thatnight,aswedecoratedourtree,somethingmagicalhappened.Wedidn'trealizeitatthetimebutweweremakingaveryspecialfamilymemory.Bythetimeweweredone,Ihadtoadmit,itdidn'tlooksadafterall.“Thisisthebesttreeweeverhad.It'sperfect！”myseconddaughterSamanthasaidexcitedly.MyhusbandandIcouldn'thaveagreedmore!Nowwealwaysrecallthatlittlebrokentree!Yearbyyear,wetellthestoryofthatveryspecialChristmasalmosttwenty-fiveyearsago.篇章導讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講解并描述二十五年前的圣誕節(jié)，作者一家人把一棵矮小丑陋的松樹裝扮成美麗的圣誕樹。盡管時間消逝，但作者一家人對那棵樹還是津津樂道，常常想起那棵樹。1．Whowasthefirsttofindthetreewasmissing?A．Theyoungestdaughter.B．Theseconddaughter.C．Theoldestdaughter.D．Theauthor'shusband.答案：C細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“Idressedourthreedaughters”，其次段中的“myyoungestdaughterKimberly”，第三段中的“Aswereachedourhouse,Heatherjumpedoutfirst.”及第六段中的“myseconddaughterSamanthasaidexcitedly”可知，作者的大女兒發(fā)覺車頂上的松樹不見了，故選C。2．Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhearingthetreewasmissing?A．Pleased. B．Depressed.C．Disappointed. D．Worried.答案：A推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Weweresurprisedthegirlsthoughtthatstraggly(凌亂的)littletreewasperfect.”以及第四段中的“‘We'llgetanothertreetomorrow，’Isaid,secretlyhopingthenewtreewouldbeprettier.”可知，作者和丈夫一起先就不覺得那棵松樹好看，直到發(fā)覺那棵樹不見了，作者暗自竊喜，她希望新找的樹會好看一點，故選A。3．Whatdoweknowaboutthefamilyfromthepassage?A．TheytookturnstellingstoriesatChristmas.B．Theyspentawholenightdecoratingthetree.C．Theyallfeltsatisfiedwiththetreeatfirstsight.D．Theyturnedthetreeintoanunforgettableone.答案：D推理推斷題。依據(jù)第六段中的“Wedidn'trealizeitatthetimebutweweremakingaveryspecialfamilymemory.”及最終一段中的“Yearbyyear,wetellthestoryofthatveryspecialChristmasalmosttwenty-fiveyearsago.”可知，一家人把那棵矮小丑陋的松樹裝扮一新，其樂融融，以至于這成了二十五年來大家難以忘懷、津津樂道的一件事情，故選D。4．Whichisthebesttitleofthistext?A．APerfectChristmasDayB．TheSadLittleTreeC．AMagicalChristmasTaleD．OurFamilyTraditionatChristmas答案：B標題推斷題。文章主要講解并描述二十五年前的圣誕節(jié)，作者一家人把一棵矮小丑陋的松樹裝扮成美麗的圣誕樹的故事。再依據(jù)第三段中的“Wehadtotiethesadlittletreetotheroofofourvanandheadedhome.”和最終一段中的“Nowwealwaysrecallthatlittlebrokentree！”可知，B項最適合作為文章標題，故選B。Ⅴ七選五依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Manystudentshavetolivewithroommateswhilegoingtoschooloruniversity.Havingaroommatecanbeoneofthebestexperiences,oreasilyoneoftheworst.__1__Followthesefivetipstoavoidthecommonmistakesthatmakegoodroommaterelationshipsworse.Talkthingsout.__2__Ifsomethinghappens,sitdownwithyourroommatesandhaveaface-to-faceconversation.Complainingaboutyourroommatesbehindtheirbackscreatesnothingbutawkwardsituationsandgeneralunhappiness.__3__Someroommatesbecomethebestoffriends,andsomedon't.Don'tputpressureonyourselforyourroommatetoreachthislevel,especiallywhenyoufirstmeet.Remember,youaretryingtomakeanewfriend,notscareyourroommateaway.Andifyourroommatedoesn'tendupbeingyourbestfriend,thereisnoneedtoworryaboutit.Cleanupafteryourself.Oratleast,keepyourmessonyourside.__4__Butbeingconsideratewithwhereyouputyourownstuffwillhelpyouavoidthearguments.Askbeforeyoutake.Thisappliestofood,clothes,suppliesandanythingelsethatyoudon'town.__5__Evenifyoubothagreetoshareeverythingyoushouldstillask.A．Don'texpecttobebestfriends.B．Communicationisofvitalimportance.C．Youdon'tneedtokeeptheroomcleanandorganizedallthetime.D．Roomscanbereallyeasyforamesstopileup.E．Ifyouwanttohaveagoodrelationshipwithyourroommate,itallstartswithyou.F．Notallroommatescanbecomeyourbestfriends.G．Showyourroommatethatyouhaverespectforhisorherbelongings.eq\x(篇章導讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了幾條與室友保持融洽關(guān)系的建議。)1．E依據(jù)第1空后文“Followthesefivetipstoavoidthecommonmistakesthatmakegoodroommaterelationshipsworse.”可知，這里是介紹如何與自己的室友相處好的一些建議，而E項(假如你想要與你的室友有一個良好的關(guān)系，這一切都要從你起先。)承上啟下，符合語境，故選E。2．B依據(jù)小標題“Talkthingsout.”可知，當發(fā)生什么事情的時候相互之間溝通是很重要的，而B項(溝通是很重要的。)符合語境，故選B。3．A依據(jù)第3空后一句可知，有些室友成為了好摯友，但是有些卻成不了好摯友，所以A項(不要期望每個室友都能成為最好的摯友。)符合語境，故選A。4．C依據(jù)第4空后的“Butbeingconsideratewithwhereyouputyourownstuff...”可知C項所述與前后文在語境和邏輯上均一樣，故選C。5．G本段主要描述不要輕易拿室友的個人物品，G項所述符合前后語境，故選G