Unit4NaturalDisasters知識點復習學案-高一英語人教版

Unit4復習知識清單主題詞匯自然災害種類：disaster________tornado______干旱__________landslide________tsunami_________洪水_______地震__________volcaniceruption________臺風___________hurricane___________野火________災害描述：magnitude_________slide__________波浪______damage_________→_________adj.襲擊___________destroy→_________adj.→_________n.tap________evacuate______affect→___________adj.→____________n.爆發(fā)___________裂痕_______氣體_____好像______成為廢墟__________使陷于，陷阱_________bury_______撞擊____________sweepaway_______災難中的人及其描述：survive_________→__________n.呼吸____________死亡___________shock→________adj.震驚__________revive_______→________n.遭受__________wisdom__________平靜的____________救援設(shè)施：helicopter___________庇護所_________kitbag________急救___________electricity________哨子____________5.救援工作：努力____________emergencyaid____________onhand____________deliver_________→__________n.營救__________生活必需品__________n.重點詞組似乎/好像_____________beshockedtodosth.________________陷入...中________________buryoneselfin________________深呼吸________________makeanefforttodosth.單元語法一、定語從句的概念(1)定語從句：在復合句中，修飾_______的從句叫作定語從句。(2)先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫作_______。(3)關(guān)系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫作關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為__________(that,which,who,whom,whose)和____________(when,where,why)兩類。關(guān)系詞放在先行詞與定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又作從句中的一個成分。二、關(guān)系代詞的基本用法1.that/whichthat(修飾人、物，做主語、賓語)which(修飾物，做主語)Thedoctor______youarelookingforisintheroom.Thebuilding_______standsneartheriverisourschool.2.Who/whom/whoseWho（做主語/賓語）whom（做賓語，跟在介詞后）whose(做定語)Thestudent________isansweringthequestionisJohn.Tomisafreshman________Englishisfluent.Mr.Liuistheperson_________youtalkedaboutonthebus.語用知識1.有關(guān)自然災害類新聞報道的陳述：Goodmorning/afternoon.Todayis...ahugeearthquake/flood/tsunami/...hit/struck...Atleast..werekilledand..were(badly)injuredintheearthquake/tornado/flood.Almostall/Mostofthehomesweredestroyedand..Rescueteamsarrivedquicklyandhelicopterswereusedto..2.給出安全指導：I'dliketoknowwhatwecandotopreventnaturaldisasters.Well,ifweprepare,wecankeepthemfrombeingdisasters...Whatshouldwedoifthereisa/antornado/flood/earthquake/...?Rememberto..Andwhataboutafteranearthquake?Well,ifyou'retrapped,youcan..一、識記單詞1._________n.&v.破壞;毀壞2._________n.電;電能3._________n.災難;災害4._________v.使落入險境;使陷入圈套n.險境;陷阱5._________n.突發(fā)事件;緊急情況6._________n.援助;幫助;救援物資v.幫助;援助7._________v.埋葬;安葬8._________n.努力;艱難的嘗試;盡力9._________n.智慧;才智10._________v.損害;破壞n.損壞;損失11._________v.摧毀;毀滅12._________v.影響;(疾病)侵襲;深深打動13._________n.避難處;居所;庇護v.保護;掩蔽;躲避(風雨或危險)14._________n.供應(量);補給;[pl.]補給品v.供應;供給二、拓展單詞1._________n.死;死亡→_________adj.無生命的→_________v.死亡;消亡;滅亡2._________n.震驚;令人震驚的事;休克v.(使)震驚→_________adj.令人震驚的→_________adj.感到震驚的3._________v.呼吸→_________n.呼吸的空氣→_________adj.喘不過氣來的4._________v.復活;(使)蘇醒→_________n.振興;復蘇5._________v.遭受;蒙受;(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦→_________n.折磨;苦難6._________v.(火山)爆發(fā);(巖漿、煙等)噴出→_________n.火山爆發(fā);(戰(zhàn)爭等)爆發(fā)7._________n.電力供應;能量;力量v.驅(qū)動;快速前進→_________adj.威力強大的;強有力的→_________adj.無力的;無影響力的8._________n.影響;結(jié)果;效果→_________adj.有效的;生效的9._________n.長;長度→_________adj.長的→_________v.(使)延長;(使)變長→_________adj.漫長的;冗長的三、重點短語1.______________對……造成損壞2.______________消滅;徹底消除3.______________震驚;吃驚4.______________保持冷靜5.______________像往常一樣6.______________似乎;好像;仿佛7.______________嚴重受損;破敗不堪8.______________露天;在戶外9.______________現(xiàn)有(尤指幫助)10.______________處境危險四、重點句式Itseemedasiftheworldwereingtoanend!(asif引導表語從句)2.Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseffortsofthecity'speople,anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.(with的復合結(jié)構(gòu))3.Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.(bedoing...when...)五、寫作:概要寫作概要寫作是一種閱讀和寫作要求并重的新題型,有準確性、完整性、概括性、客觀性、個體性等特點。概要寫作提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文,要求閱讀原文后根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。概要所用語句既要用詞準確、結(jié)構(gòu)合理、語意連貫、不得抄寫原文,又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。教材范例提煉[寫作流程]第一步:歸納主旨大意(含段落大意)概要寫作的第一步便是閱讀并抓取主題,進而提取主旨大意,即有關(guān)該主題的主要內(nèi)容或作者在該主題上的觀點。閱讀語篇時,根據(jù)文章不同的文體可采取以下方法:記敘文：圈出記敘文的六要素(who、when、where、what、how、why),如果是夾敘夾議文,還要寫出故事給讀者帶來的啟示或寓意說明文：找出文章要說明的對象、觀點或建議議論文： 提取議論文的三要素(論點、論據(jù)、論證)第二步:提煉關(guān)鍵詞1.結(jié)合主旨大意,細讀段落,找出每個段落的主旨句和關(guān)鍵詞,區(qū)別段落中哪些是mainideas,哪些是supportingideas、examples和additionalinformation。通常是在相對重要的句子中提煉關(guān)鍵詞。正確的關(guān)鍵詞和關(guān)鍵句是概要寫作最重要的內(nèi)容和依據(jù)。2.消減事例,盡量減少事實并省略細節(jié)。第三步:合并和改寫1.合并信息首先需要對信息進行分類、整合,找到信息之間的聯(lián)系,再將聯(lián)系緊密的信息合并在一起。同一層級的主旨句不宜合并在一起,但如果聯(lián)系緊密,且沒有支持的細節(jié)信息,可以考慮合并。2.在核心信息的基礎(chǔ)上進行語言表達形式的改寫,對原文的語言表達形式盡可能實現(xiàn)大規(guī)模的改變(改詞、換句型)。第四步:核查成文核查文章句子的連貫性,優(yōu)先考慮使用連接詞(but、then、later、finally、besides、thus、therefore、yet、however);核查標點和語法;核查詞數(shù)。[常用語句]1.表示文章的內(nèi)容以及研究目的Thispaperisaimedat/covers/mainlydealswith...Thearticlefocusesonthetopicof...Thisarticle/passagemainlytells(astory)about...Thispassagemainlydealswith/discusses/explores...Thisessaypresentsknowledgethat...Thispaperprovides/givesanoverviewof...Inthispassage(about...),theauthor...Theauthorbegantheessay/passagebytelling/presenting...First/Firstly/Inthebeginning/Inthefirstpart,theauthorargues/explains/mentions/states/pointsout(that)...2.表示研究的結(jié)論Theresultshowsthat...Theauthorfindsthat...Itisconcludedthat...Finally/Asaconclusion,theauthorconcludes/adds/stressesthat...Finally,theauthorsummarizesthat...3.表示觀點或建議Theauthorsuggests/considersthat...Asfarastheauthorisconcerned...Intheauthor'sview...答案主題詞匯自然災害種類：disaster___災害______tornado__龍卷風_____干旱__drought_____landslide_山體滑坡___tsunami__龍卷風___洪水__flood_____地震___earthquake__volcaniceruption___火山爆發(fā)_____臺風___typhoon____hurricane___颶風_____野火___wildfire______災害描述：magnitude__震級____slide__滑落____波浪_wave___damage__損壞________→___damaged______adj.襲擊__strike____destroy→__destroyed_adj.→_destroyer_____n.tap___輕扣__evacuate_撤離___affect→__affected__adj.→___effect_n.爆發(fā)__erupt___裂痕___crack____氣體___gas__好像__asif____成為廢墟__inruins___使陷于，陷阱___trap__bury__埋葬_撞擊__crash__sweepaway_沖走___災難中的人及其描述：survive__幸存____→___survivor____n.呼吸__breathe______死亡__death______shock→__shocking/shocked__adj.震驚__inshock___revive__復蘇__→_revival___n.遭受__suffer_______wisdom_智慧____平靜的_calm___救援設(shè)施：helicopter___直升機_____庇護所___shelter___kitbag__工具____急救__firstaid____electricity_電_____哨子__whistle__5.救援工作：努力___effort____emergencyaid____急救____onhand__現(xiàn)有的_____deliver___派送_→__delivery___n.營救__rescue___生活必需品___supply__n.重點詞組似乎/好像___asif________beshockedtodosth._做某事感到震驚________陷入...中____betrappedin________buryoneselfin_____專心于...___________深呼吸____takeadeepbreath____makeanefforttodosth.___努力做...________單元語法一、定語從句的概念(1)定語從句：在復合句中，修飾__名詞或代詞_____的從句叫作定語從句。(2)先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫作__先行詞_____。(3)關(guān)系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫作關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為__關(guān)系代詞________(that,which,who,whom,whose)和___關(guān)系副詞_________(when,where,why)兩類。關(guān)系詞放在先行詞與定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又作從句中的一個成分。二、關(guān)系代詞的基本用法1.that/whichthat(修飾人、物，做主語、賓語)which(修飾物，做主語)Thedoctor__that______youarelookingforisintheroom.Thebuilding__that/which_____standsneartheriverisourschool.2.Who/whom/whoseWho（做主語/賓語）whom（做賓語，跟在介詞后）whose(做定語)Thestudent__who______isansweringthequestionisJohn.Tomisafreshman__whose_______Englishisfluent.Mr.Liuistheperson_who/whom________youtalkedaboutonthebus.一、識記單詞1.ruinn.&v.破壞;毀壞2.electricityn.電;電能3.disastern.災難;災害4.trapv.使落入險境;使陷入圈套n.險境;陷阱5.emergencyn.突發(fā)事件;緊急情況6.aidn.援助;幫助;救援物資v.幫助;援助7.buryv.埋葬;安葬8.effortn.努力;艱難的嘗試;盡力9.wisdomn.智慧;才智10.damagev.