動(dòng)詞不定式專項(xiàng)講解及訓(xùn)練(有答案)

1.1.不定式作主語和表語口語中常用it作形式主語。2.若說明不定式動(dòng)作對于執(zhí)行者的影響，常在不定式前加forsb.。careless,considerate,rude,naughty,polite,agreeable等不定式前加ofsb.。4.不定式作表語，表示目的、結(jié)果、同意、命令、安排、決定、勸告等意義。專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1.Howtheproblemwillbediscussedsometimelaterthisafternoon.A.tosolveB.tobesol2.IsitnecessarythegeographA.costs...togetC.takes...toget4.ThisgrammarpointiA.toexplain5.TomseemedB.costs...gettingD.takes...getting1.只能以不定式作賓語，而不能以動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：(?希望”干）wish,hope,expect,long,desire;（早“打算”）plan,mean,prepare,attempt,intend;(?同意”“否”）agree,consen(?選”“定”了）choose,decide,determine,promise;2.可用于“動(dòng)詞+it+形容詞／名詞+todosth．”結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞有feel,find,make,think,believe,consider等。3.以動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的形容詞有happy，glad，pleased，sure，ready，anxious，eager，free，afraid，willing等。4.有些介詞后也可以不定式作賓語，如介詞but，about，except，save等。專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1.Thefluisbelievedbyvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.C.tobecausedD.tohavebeencaused2.ThereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecarsroadconditionsneedA.that...tobeimprovedB.which...tobeimprovedC.where...tobeimproving3.Rememberthemagazinewhenyouhavefinishedreadingit.4.—I'msorryIforgotyourdictionary.A.totakeB.taking5.Atthemoment,Jasonisconsideringnext.A.todowhatB.whattodoC.doingwh6.IfirstconsideredtoA.writing...phoningC.writing...tophone7.Tomisalwaysforgettingthingshehasdone.Yesterday,heforgotandlookedforitevA.toposttheletterC.tohavingpostedtheletter9.Mybrotherregrettedalectu10.Iregretyouthatweareunabletoofferyouajob.A.informingB.havinginformed11.Hefelttiredwithtypingthelecture.Sohestoppedashortbreak.A.havingB.tohavestrivingtheirproductsmorecompetitive.A.tosit...weptB.tosit...weeping14.—Youhavecomejustintimeto—Fine.What?15.Thatevening,hesetaboutthereportthenextmorning.A.write...tohandinC.written...tohandin16.Thereseemednothintodobutforthedoctor.17.DoyouthinkitdifficultadolphinA.totrain...jumpingC.totrain...jumpA.todosomereading...watchingTVC.todosomereading...watchTVB.training...forjumpingD.totrain...tojumpB.doingsomereading...watchingTVD.doingsomereading...towatchTV19.Thetwoboyspretendedveryhard,thoughtheydidnothing.A.studyB.studyingKeys:1-5CACCB6-10CDBACiiiiii.不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語1.常見的以不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞及短語有ask，allow，advise，beg，callon，expect，force,forbid,invite,teach,wouldlike,dependon.waitfor等。2.以省略t0的不定式作補(bǔ)語的感官動(dòng)詞有：feel（一‘‘感’’listento，hear(二‘‘聽’’)；have，let，make(三‘‘使”)；lookat，see，watch，observe，notice（五‘‘看’’）。專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1.Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenorderedclearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.A.practisetosingB.practisesingiC.topractisetosingD.topractisesingingA.makinghimtorealize4.Soontheysawthetwostrangersinthecrowd.A.disappearB.todisappearC.disappearingD.disappeared5.ProfessorSmith5.ProfessorSmithhashisstudentscompositionseveryFriday.A.towriteB.writtenC.write6.Theboyswereseenmodelshipsintheroomwhensomeonerangthebell.8.Mr.Brownwasmadehi9.Shallwegoandlistentothereviewersonthenewbook?A.tocommentB.commentC.tocommentingD.beingcommented10.Mrs.Whitemadeherpupilsthetex11.Thestudentaskedtheteacher.A.repeatthequestionagainB.repeatingthequestionC.torepeatingthequestionD.torepeatthequestion12.ThemuseumissaidinabA.tobedestroyedB.tohavebC.tobedestroyingA.togoalongB.goingalongC.wentalongD.willgoalongC.togetitstarted15.15.ThebossorderedthehallA.tosweepB.tobesweptCiviv.不定式作定語1.不定式與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式后接的若是不及物動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)在動(dòng)詞后加上合適的介詞。2.數(shù)詞和最高級(jí)后常接不定式，如thefirst，thesecond，thelast，thebest等。3.有些名詞后常接不定式，如time，way，right，chance，reason等。專項(xiàng)練習(xí)—Okay,Sir.Youhaveseveralmodels.A.tochooseC.tochoosefromA.fortransplantC.totransplantB.oftransplantingD.totransplantingA.ofthinkingoveritC.ofthinkingitover5.ColumbuswasthefirsttheNewContinent.A.tohavediscoveredB.todiscoverC.discoveringD.havingdiscoveredv.v.不定式作狀語1.不定式作狀語主要表目的、結(jié)果和原因。2.常用的表示目的短語有：todo，inordertodo，soastodosoasto不否定式必須用inordernotto或soasnotto;不能只用nottodo。3.常用too…to，enoughto，onlyto，so+形容詞／副詞+asto，sucha+名詞+asto等結(jié)構(gòu)表示結(jié)果。4.常用表示情緒的動(dòng)詞surprised，joy，glad，pleased等后接不定式表示原因。常用獨(dú)立成分，作插入語，表示storyshort,tostartwith,tobeginwith,tosaynothing,tobebrief專項(xiàng)練習(xí)A.forthefamilytoliveC.thatthefamilycan'tliveinB.forthefamilytolD.thatthefamilycan'tlive2.2.Theteacherdidn'tspeakclearlyenough.A.soeveryonetounderstandC.foreveryonetounderstandB.foreveryoneunderstoodD.forunderstanding3.Doyou3.DoyouthinkJuliaiseasyA.togetalongwithC.tobegotalongwithD.togettingalongwith4.Prof.4.Prof.Bush'stalkinA.forusinfollowingC.tobefollowed6.6.Thepatientswerewaitingthedocto.rA.toseeC.forseeing7.,Idon'twanttoarguewiththemaboutthematter.A.TotellyouthetruthB.TellingthetruthC.HavingtoldyouthetruthD.Outofthetruth8.The8.ThesoldierspoketotheboykindlyA.tonotfrightenC.inordertonotfrigD.fornotfrightening9.9.Wouldyoubegoodenoughtothebusstation?A.showingmethewayB.astoshowmethewayC.toshowmetheway10.Tomwassocarelesshiscarunlocked.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)vi.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)意義1.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)意義1)一般式：不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或是在其后發(fā)生。2)進(jìn)行式：不定式的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)的，而且正在進(jìn)行。3)完成式：不定式的動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作。a.happen,seem,bereported,besaid,belikely等動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合謂語中，多使用完成式。b.在“be+形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)后使用完成式。c.完成式用在某些動(dòng)詞后，如pretend，intend，expect，mean，hope，wish，think，was，were，want，wouldlike等表示去未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、期待或計(jì)劃。2.不定式的語態(tài)意義1)當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。2)be+easy/difficult/fit/hard結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式的主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)意義。3)therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式多用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)意義，也可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)來表示。4)當(dāng)不定式在句子中沒有邏輯主語時(shí)，不定式最好用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。1.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappearseverything.beentoldabroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcA.tohavestudiedB.tostudybeenstudying3.3.Oneofthesalesmaninthisshopis.A.sayingtohavebeenfiredC.sayingtohavefired5.5.Heclaimedinthesupermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.A.beingbadlytreatedB.tobetreatedbadlyC.treatingbadlyD.tvii.vii.省去to的動(dòng)詞不定式1.并列不定式to只用于第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞之前，后面不定式的to要省略。2.在hadbetter,wouldrather,wouldrather…than,ratherthan,wouldsooner,wouldsooner…than,cannotbut,cannothelpbut,donothingbut,mightaswell,donothingbesides,donothingthan(except，save)等結(jié)構(gòu)后的動(dòng)詞不定式要省略to。notice，observe后以不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)要省略to;但這些動(dòng)詞用在被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子中時(shí)，則不能省略to。4.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞help意為“幫忙”時(shí)，其后的動(dòng)詞不定式可省略也可不省略to；在can’thelp意為“不由自主”時(shí)，后需接動(dòng)名詞形式；在cannothelpbut意為“不得不”時(shí)，后需接省略t5.ratherthan，soonerthan位于句首時(shí)，其后的不定式省略to。作表語的不定式一般省略to。7.在以why引導(dǎo)的疑問句中不用to。專項(xiàng)練習(xí)3.TomdidnothingelsebutA.takenC.taking4.Allthepeopleinthe,hearingsuchanabsurdstory.5.—Youshouldhavethankedherbefo,butwhenIwas,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn'tviiiviii.帶介詞to的動(dòng)詞短語和不定式的省略1.有些動(dòng)詞短語中的to是介詞，后需要，接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，注意要與動(dòng)詞不定式區(qū)分。這些動(dòng)詞短語有g(shù)etdownto,berelatedto,befamiliarto,beaccustomedto,getusedto,befaithfuladdition2.一些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞oughtto，needto，dareto，would/wouldliketo,wouldloveto，usedto，haveto，begbeableto后省略已提到的或已知的內(nèi)容。agree，pretend，afford后省略已提到的或已知的內(nèi)容。4.4.疑問詞接不定式作賓語時(shí)不定式后可省略已提到的或已知的內(nèi)容。5.形容詞afraid,anxious,carefuforbid后作主補(bǔ)或者賓補(bǔ)的不定式可省略已提及或已知的內(nèi)容。7.作名詞time，chance，duty，right，way定語的不定式可省略已提及或已知的內(nèi)容。8.it作形式主語，不定式作邏輯主語時(shí)，可省略已提及或已知的內(nèi)容。10.作有些感官動(dòng)詞（feel，hear，listento，let，have，make，see等）的賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，to,必須省去。專項(xiàng)練習(xí)2.Thosewhowereobjectthesuggestionswereaskedtoputuptheirhands.A.toacceptingB.toacceptC.foracceptingtomorrow?4.Thomaswantedto4.Thomaswantedtobuyasportscar,buthe.A.wasn'tabletoC.wasn'tableB.wasn'tabletoafford5.Will5.WillyoushowmeaguA.wheretogetB.wheretogettingC.wheregettingD.whereingetting綜合練習(xí)一1.Thiscompanywasthefirstportableradiosaswellascassettetaperecordersintheworld.A.producing2.The2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelife3.Helenhadtoshoutabovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearC.makingherselfheardSeptember.5.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,onlythefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetold6.Youweresillynotyo7.Theteacheraskedus8.Thepolicemenhavebeenorderedclearwarningsbeforefiringanyshots.A.toshareB.tohaveshared10.The10.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaperinbroaddaylightyes11.A11.AnumberofpaintingsinthecastlearebelievedA.beingdestroyedB.havingbeendestroyedC.tobedestroyed12.ThemeetingnextweekissuretobeagreatsuA.totakeplaceB.tobetakenplaceC.tohavetakenplaceA.andfinishedB.tofinishC.andfinishingD.tofinished14.IamsorrywrittenyoualeA.wait;tocomeB.wait;comeC.waiting;comingD.waited;cameA.tosolveB.solving18.There'samanattheretrouble.A.hearing,saying,torepairB.tC.hearing,say,repairing20.—Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.—Imeant,butwhenIwasleavingIcoul22.I'mgoingtoXi'annextweek.Haveyouanythingtoyourparents?A.totakeB.tobetakenC.tobeboughttoD.tobuy23.Whenarethey24.24.Insuchdryweather,theflowerswillhavetobewateredifthey.A.havesurvivedB.aretosurviveC.wouldsurvivedD.willsurvive25.Whenwehurriedtothestation,therehappenednobusatthattime.26.Ilostmywayinco27.Attimedoesthesalesgirlgetuplateinthemorning,thoughsheisalwaystoobusyA.no,totakeB.no,takingC.any,totake28.—Areyouastudent?A.toenjoy,toshutB.tobeenjoying,shuttingC.tobeenjoying,shut30.Withalotofdifficultproblems,thenewly-elecA.settledB.settlingsettledKeys:1-5BCDDB16-20ABBCB21-25ABCBB26-30DAABC31.We'releavingatsixo'clock,andhopemostofthejourneybylunchtime.32.Thestudyofthewildworldmayhelptomaketheworldeasier.A.understoodB.tobeunderstoo33.Whowillyougettheprojectforus?A.designB.todesignC.designedD.d34.34.ItissaidinAustraliathereisA.itwhattodowithC.whattodowithit35.Wearenotallowedoutdoorswithsomeotherchildren.36.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwastocarryallthewayhome.A.muchtooheavy37.Shefeelssostronglythateachofusshouldhavearole38.WhenIhandedthereporttoJohn,hesaidthatGeto39.TherearefivepairsA.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochoos40.TheproblemisdifficultfoA.so;workoutB.verytoo;tobeworkedoutC.rathertoo,toworkoutD.quitetoo,to41.—WhereshouldImyapplication?A.send;tosenditC.sendfor;forsendingitD.send;tosendft42.I'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowA.expectedB.toexpectC.expects43.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwhoforthespoiledchild.44.CanyouimaginethequestionsIhadourteacher?45.Whomdidyouthewallyesterday?46.—What'sthematterwithJohn?47.Muchattentionshouldbepaidpeople'slivingconditions.A.inimprovingB.toimprove48.thateveningwasduetohisillhealth.A.HefailedtocomeB.ThathefailedtocomingC.HisfailuretocomeA.togoB.tohavegone50.Myfamilyconsidersacomputer,whichiworkandstudy.51.Withtheplaneintenminutes,allthepassengersonboardwereaskedtoturnoffA.takenoffB.takingoffC.totakeoffD.wouldtakeoff52.Thankyouforallthetroubleyou'vetakenme.53.Heisbelievedtheco54.—Willyouhaveanybodytheflowers?—Yes,I'IIhavetheflowers.55.Theyarelookingforwardwithhopefromyousoon.56.Busytranslating56.Busytranslatingabook,hecouldn'thelpthearticlA.writeB.writingC.wroteD.written57.ZhouLandoesn'thavetobemade.S58.thiscake,you'llneed2eggs,175gsugar,and175gflour.60.TheOlympicGames,in776Keys:36-40ABCBC41-4546-5051-55CAAAA56-60ABCAC61.inthought,healmostranin62.Thepatientwaswarnedoilyfoodaftertheoperation.63.Weagreedhere.Butsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.64.—Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthe65.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,thathehadenjoyedA.havingaddedB.toadd66.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredtheA.tohaveinvented68.HehasalwaysinsistedonhisDr.Turn69.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingA.havetoldB.tell71.ThefirsttextbooksforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutin16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwritten72.moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.T74."DoyouhaveanyclothestodayA.towashB.bewashedC.washatowelandIfeltverycoA.taking/totakeB.totake/takingC.take/takingD.take/taken76.WouldyoumindmehowtousethedictioA.totellB.toA.tellingB.talkingC.totellD.to78.ProfessorSmithhaduscompositionseveryMonday.A.towriteB.writtenA.myselfunderstandinB.myselfunderstooC.myselfunderstandby80.—Whatwouldyoulike?CBCBBCCCDC66-70AADBA71-75DACDA76-80一、辨別下面不定式在句子中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?1.Itismyambitiontomakesurethatthedisabledpeopleinourneighborhoodhaveaccesstoall2.MyambitionistoworkinthecomputerindustrywhenIgrowup.3.Idon’thavetimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.4.MyfellowstudentshavebeguntoacceptmeforwhoIam.6.Wemustcallonlocalgovernmenttogivefinancialassistancetodisabledpeople.A.beallowedtoreturnC.allowreturning