吉林省普通高中G8教考聯(lián)盟2024-2025學年高二上學期1月期末英語試題（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1吉林省普通高中G8教考聯(lián)盟2024-2025學年高二上學期1月期末英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共三節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共11小題，每小題2.5分，滿分27.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C、D）中，選出最佳選項。AThefollowingarenewlyreleaseddevicesalldesignedtohelpmakeyourlifemoreconvenient,beautifulandvivid.Tonal$2,995ATTONAL.COMTonalmakesliftingandresistancetrainingtrulyeasyandaccessiblefromyourownhome.ItisgreatbecauseIhateanysortofpublicweighttraining.Tonalhasaremarkablyeasyuserinterface(界面)andgivesdataandfeedbackinahelpfulmanner.Italsomakesyoufeelgreatbykeepingtrackofclearimprovements.Hisense75"U800GR8KULEDRokuTV$1,800ATBESTBUY.COM8ksoundedlikealuxury,butnowthatbrandslikeHisense,whichfocusonamoreaffordableendofthespectrum(光譜),havegottensometimewiththetech,youcanfinallybringthedeepcoloroutputandstunningdetailintoyourlivingroom.Callingit“affordable”maybeastretch,butcomparedtomost8kTVswhichallrunover$5,000,it’sthemostcost-efficientversionofthetechwe’vegot.VIVEFlow$499ATVIVE.COMVIVEgoggleswillbringanextremelyaccessibleandrefreshingapproachtotheVRworld.Theyareapairofgogglesnotunlikesomethingyou’dweartosnowboard.They’reextremelylightweightwithalightningfastset—that’sconnectedwiththingslikewatchingNetflix.It’sthecalmestheadsetI’veeverwornandusescamerastoletyoucontroleverythingwithjustyourhands.Thisoneisforthenot-gamers.DysonPurifierHumidify+CoolFormaldehyde$920ATWALMART.COMForpeoplewhoeasilysneezebecauseofdoghairorsomethinglikethatoutside,Dysonhascreatedamachinethatsavesthemfortimeathome.Thisnewpurifierdoublesasahumidifier,plusithasacoolingfunction,puttinganendtostuffy,hot,dryapartments.Membersgeta50%discountonBlackFridayinaphysicalstore!1.WhatcanweknowaboutHisense75"U800GR8KULEDRokuTV?A.Itslowestpriceis$1,800. B.Itisgreatvalueformoney.C.Itsappearanceisdeepincolour. D.Itisasymbolofaluxuriouslife.2.WhatdoTonalandVIVEFlowhaveincommon?A.Theyarebothuser-friendly.B.Theybothpossessfashiondesign.C.Theyarebothcost-efficientforconsumers.D.Theybothexhibitvisuallyappealinginnovation.3.Whichdeviceprobablycostsyoutheleastmoney?A.Tonal.B.VIVEFlow.C.Hisense75"U800GR8KULEDRokuTV.D.DysonPurifierHumidify+CoolFormaldehyde.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇應用文。文章介紹了四款最新的為了讓你的生活更方便、更美麗和更生動而設計的設備?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Hisense75"U800GR8KULEDRokuTV$1,800ATBESTBUY.COM標題下“Callingit“affordable”maybeastretch,butcomparedtomost8kTVswhichallrunover$5,000,it’sthemostcost-efficientversionofthetechwe’vegot.(說它“經(jīng)濟實惠”可能有點夸張，但與大多數(shù)售價超過5000美元的8k電視相比，它是我們所擁有的技術中最具成本效益的版本)”可知，我們對海信75"U800GR8KULEDRoku電視的了解是它物有所值。故選B項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Tonal$2,995ATTONAL.COM標題下“Tonalhasaremarkablyeasyuserinterface(界面)andgivesdataandfeedbackinahelpfulmanner.Italsomakesyoufeelgreatbykeepingtrackofclearimprovements.(Tonal有一個非常簡單的用戶界面，并以有用的方式提供數(shù)據(jù)和反饋。它也會讓你感覺很好，因為它跟蹤了明顯的改進)”和VIVEFlow標題下“l(fā)etyoucontroleverythingwithjustyourhands.(讓你只需要用手就可以掌控一切)”可知，Tonal和VIVE可以便于使用者操作的產(chǎn)品。故選A項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)標題Tonal$2,995ATTONAL.COM、Hisense75"U800GR8KULEDRokuTV$1,800ATBESTBUY.COM、VIVEFlow$499ATVIVE.COM和DysonPurifierHumidify+CoolFormaldehyde$920ATWALMART.COM中的“Membersgeta50%discountonBlackFridayinaphysicalstore!(黑色星期五會員實體店可享50%折扣！)”可知，DysonPurifierHumidify+CoolFormaldehyde是有可能花錢最少的，即￥920除以2=￥460，故選D項。BOnthewebsiteoftheEUPrizeforWomenInnovators,therearedozensofinspiringstoriesoffemaleleadersalongsidepicturesoftheseprofessional-lookingwomenwearingsinglecolorbusinesssuits.Butwhenwemovethepagedownalittlefurther,AilbheandIzzy’spicturespopoffthepage,withtheireye-catchingcolorsandbrightrainbowpatterns,whichisentirelyinlinewiththeircompanybelief“Ifyoucan’tstandup,standout.”Thefashionablesisterstooktheworldbystormwiththeirpersonalizedwheelchairdecorations.Ailbhe,now25,wasfouryearsoldwhenshebecameabigsistertoIzzy.AlthoughIzzywasborndisabledandcouldn’tmovefromthewaistdown,hercourageandenergydeeplyimpressedAilbheandthetwosistersdevelopedalifelongfriendship.TheyspenthoursaschildrendecoratingIzzy’swheelchairsandherothermobilitydevices.SowhenAilbhegraduatedfromtheNationalCollegeofArtandhadtocompleteafinalyearproject,sheknewwhattochoose-dressupawheelchair’swheels!Ailbhesaid,“Thewheelchairitselfdidn’tshowIzzy’sattitudestolife,orherenergeticpersonality.Itwasuglyandmadeyouloseconfidence.Ithoughttheremightbeawayofbridgingthatgap.”Ailbhe’sprojectwasextremelywellreceivedatherschool’sdesignshow.Izzylovedthenewwheelsaswell.Astateorganizationhelpedthesistersworkwithfashiondesignersandgettheirbusinesstotakeoff.Thenextstepforthesisterswaspartneringwithbigcompanieswhichwereinterestedinrepresentingpeoplewithdisabilities.TheyturnedtoDisney.Afterall,thiscooperationwouldinvolveoneoftheirfavoriteactivities-watchingDisneymovies!Besides,Disneywaswillingtodonate10%ofprofitstoacharitythathelpsdisabledchildren.Inaddition,thecompanypromisedtorealizethedreamsofchildrenwithdisabilities.Thesistersareexcitedfortheircreativitytomakelifeinawheelchairmorefashionable,funandpersonalized.4.WhathelpedthesisterswintheEUprize?A.Thefashionablecompany. B.Theeye-catchingpictures.C.Theircolorfulbusinesssuits. D.Theirdecoratedwheelchairs.5.WhatinspiredAilbhetochooseherfinalyearproject?A.Herdutytobeaneldersister.B.HerdesiretoshowarealIzzy.C.HerpityforIzzy’sdisability.D.Heradmirationforgreatwomen.6.WhydidAilbheandIzzychoosetoworkwithDisney?A.Toearnmoney. B.Tomakemovies.C.Tohelpdisabledkids. D.Tobecomedesigners.7.WhatcanwelearnfromAilbheandIzzy?A.Nothingcanpreventadeterminedheart.B.Creativitymakesthedisabledstandout.C.Everyadvantagehasitsdisadvantage.D.Technologybringspeopletogether.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.B【語篇解讀】本文是新聞報道。文章主要講述艾比（Ailbhe）和伊茲（Izzy）兩姐妹贏得歐盟女性創(chuàng)新者獎的故事?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“OnthewebsiteoftheEUPrizeforWomenInnovators,therearedozensofinspiringstoriesoffemaleleadersalongsidepicturesoftheseprofessional-lookingwomenwearingsinglecolorbusinesssuits.Butwhenwemovethepagedownalittlefurther,AilbheandIzzy’spicturespopoffthepage,withtheireye-catchingcolorsandbrightrainbowpatterns,whichisentirelyinlinewiththeircompanybelief“Ifyoucan’tstandup,standout.”Thefashionablesisterstooktheworldbystormwiththeirpersonalizedwheelchairdecorations.(在歐盟女性創(chuàng)新者獎的網(wǎng)站上，除了這些穿著單色商務服的職業(yè)女性的照片外，還有數(shù)十個女性領導人的鼓舞人心的故事。但當我們將頁面向下移動一點時，Ailbhe和Izzy的照片從頁面上彈出，其醒目的顏色和明亮的彩虹圖案，這完全符合他們公司的信念“如果你站不起來，就站出來?！边@對時尚的姐妹帶著個性化的輪椅裝飾席卷了世界。)”可知，這對姐妹贏得歐盟女性創(chuàng)新者獎是因為她們個性化的輪椅裝飾。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“SowhenAilbhegraduatedfromtheNationalCollegeofArtandhadtocompleteafinalyearproject,sheknewwhattochoose-dressupawheelchair’swheels!Ailbhesaid,“Thewheelchairitselfdidn’tshowIzzy’sattitudestolife,orherenergeticpersonality.Itwasuglyandmadeyouloseconfidence.Ithoughttheremightbeawayofbridgingthatgap.”(所以，當艾比從國立藝術學院畢業(yè)，必須完成最后一年的項目時，她知道該選擇什么——裝扮輪椅的輪子！艾比說：“輪椅本身并沒有表現(xiàn)出伊茲對生活的態(tài)度，也沒有表現(xiàn)出她充滿活力的性格。它很難看，讓你失去了信心。我想也許有辦法彌補這種差距?！?”可知，啟發(fā)Ailbhe選擇她最后一年的項目的是她想要通過裝飾輪椅來展示真正的Izzy。故選B。【6題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Thenextstepforthesisterswaspartneringwithbigcompanieswhichwereinterestedinrepresentingpeoplewithdisabilities.TheyturnedtoDisney.Afterall,thiscooperationwouldinvolveoneoftheirfavoriteactivities-watchingDisneymovies!Besides,Disneywaswillingtodonate10%ofprofitstoacharitythathelpsdisabledchildren.Inaddition,thecompanypromisedtorealizethedreamsofchildrenwithdisabilities.(姐妹倆的下一步是與有興趣代表殘疾人的大公司合作。他們轉(zhuǎn)向迪斯尼。畢竟，這次合作將涉及他們最喜歡的活動之一，觀看迪斯尼電影！此外，迪斯尼愿意將10%的利潤捐給一家?guī)椭鷼埣矁和拇壬茩C構(gòu)。此外，該公司承諾實現(xiàn)殘疾兒童的夢想。)”可知，姐妹倆與迪斯尼公司合作，是因為他們可以幫助殘疾人。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thesistersareexcitedfortheircreativitytomakelifeinawheelchairmorefashionable,funandpersonalized.(姐妹倆為自己的創(chuàng)造力感到興奮，他們希望輪椅上的生活更時尚、更有趣、更個性化。)”可知，Ailbhe和Izzy姐妹倆的故事告訴我們，創(chuàng)造力可以讓我們很出色。故選B。CHowdidtheantstealthelion’sdinner?Thisisn’tthebeginningofoneofAesop’sFables.It’sthefindingofanewstudyaboutantsandlions.Thewhistling-thorntreeisacommonsightontheplainsoftheeastAfricangrassland.Eachtreeishometonativeacaciaants,whichshelterinsidethespinesanddrinkjuicefromthetree.Inreturn,whenanelephanttriestoeatthetree,antsclimbupinsideitsnoseandbitefromtheinsideout.Thishasallowedthetreesandtheantstogrowwell.Thebig-headedantsarrivedinthisareabetween2002and2005.Theykilllocalacaciaantswherevertheyfindthem,robbinglocalwhistling-thorntreesoftheirbravedefendersagainsthungryelephants.Withoutantstobitethem,theelephantstearupthethorntrees,openingupthegrassland,whichmakesitharderforlionstocatchtheirpreferredzebrameals.Inthenewstudy,wildlifeecologistJakeGoheenandhiscolleaguescouldhaveuseddronesorsatelliteimagestostudytreecover,but“wedon’thavethatkindofmoney,”Goheensays.Instead,theresearcherstrackedtheircollaredlions,andthengotdownonhandsandkneesnearthelions’recentkills,usingarangefindertomeasuretheopennessofthearea.Areaswithbig-headedants,theteamshowed,had2.67timeshighervisibilitythanareaswithout—meaningthatlionscouldseefarther,butsocouldtheirprey.Overthethreeyearsofthestudy,zebradinnersdecreasedfrom67percentto42percentoflionkills.Butthelionsdidn’tgohungry.Instead,theywentforbeef.Buffalokillsincreasedfromzeroto42percentofkillsoverthestudyperiod.“It’sariskydiet,”Goheensays.“Buffaloarebigandfeisty,andlionshuntingbuffaloaremorelikelytobeinjured.”“Thestudyshowsthatthedisruption(干擾)canhaveseriouseffectsonotherspeciesinthecommunity,”saysGoheen.“Thoseeffectscanbeunexpectedandindirect.Changescouldalsohaveanimpactonfoodwebsinotherecosystems.”8.Whatistherelationshipbetweenacaciaantsandwhistling-thorntreeslike?A.Independent. B.Inharmonious. C.Competitive. D.Win-win.9.Whatdoweknowaboutthestudyinparagraph4?A.Itisworthybutindirect. B.Itisspecificbutunreliable.C.Itisdemandingbuteconomical. D.Itisexpensivebuteffective.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“feisty”inparagraph5mean?A.Stable. B.Wild. C.Exceptional. D.Inactive.11.WhatphenomenondoesGoheendescribeinthelastparagraph?A.Thebutterflyeffect. B.Thegreenhouseeffect.C.Thebystandereffect. D.Theobservereffect.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了一項關于螞蟻和獅子之間關系的新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即外來大頭蟻的入侵對當?shù)厣鷳B(tài)造成了影響，最后使得獅子改變了捕獵對象?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Eachtreeishometonativeacaciaants,whichshelterinsidethespinesanddrinkjuicefromthetree.Inreturn,whenanelephanttriestoeatthetree,antsclimbupinsideitsnoseandbitefromtheinsideout.Thishasallowedthetreesandtheantstogrowwell.(每棵樹都是本地金合歡螞蟻的家園，它們躲在刺里，喝樹上的汁水。作為回報，當大象試圖吃這棵樹時，螞蟻就會爬到大象的鼻子里，從里面往外咬。這使得樹木和螞蟻長得很好)”可知，金合歡蟻和刺槐的關系是雙贏的。故選D。【9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Inthenewstudy,wildlifeecologistJakeGoheenandhiscolleaguescouldhaveuseddronesorsatelliteimagestostudytreecover,but“wedon’thavethatkindofmoney,”Goheensays.Instead,theresearcherstrackedtheircollaredlions,andthengotdownonhandsandkneesnearthelions’recentkills,usingarangefindertomeasuretheopennessofthearea.Areaswithbig-headedants,theteamshowed,had2.67timeshighervisibilitythanareaswithout—meaningthatlionscouldseefarther,butsocouldtheirprey.(在這項新研究中，野生動物生態(tài)學家JakeGoheen和他的同事本可以使用無人機或衛(wèi)星圖像來研究樹木覆蓋，但Goheen說：“我們沒有那么多錢?！比《氖?，研究人員追蹤他們戴項圈的獅子，然后在獅子最近殺死的獵物附近蹲下，用測距儀測量該區(qū)域的開放程度。研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，有大頭螞蟻的地區(qū)的能見度是沒有大頭螞蟻地區(qū)的2.67倍，這意味著獅子可以看得更遠，但它們的獵物也可以)”可知，研究人員通過追蹤有項圈的獅子等經(jīng)濟的方式進行研究，雖然有難度但經(jīng)濟實惠，即研究要求很高，但很經(jīng)濟。故選C?！?0題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“andlionshuntingbuffaloaremorelikelytobeinjured(獅子捕獵水牛更容易受傷)”可知，獅子捕獵水牛更容易受傷，說明水牛比獅子更加兇猛。故劃線詞意思是“兇猛的”。故選B?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Thestudyshowsthatthedisruptioncanhaveseriouseffectsonotherspeciesinthecommunity,”saysGoheen.“Thoseeffectscanbeunexpectedandindirect.Changescouldalsohaveanimpactonfoodwebsinotherecosystems.”(“研究表明，這種破壞會對群落中的其他物種產(chǎn)生嚴重影響，”Goheen說?！斑@些影響可能是意想不到的和間接的。變化也可能對其他生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的食物網(wǎng)產(chǎn)生影響”)”可知，干擾對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的其他物種有嚴重、意外和間接的影響，屬于蝴蝶效應。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。Thelatestassessmentsofthehealtheffectsofcoffeeandcaffeine(咖啡因),itsmainactiveingredient,arecomfortingindeed.___12___TheyincludeParkinson’sdisease,heartdisease,depressionandallsortsofcancers.___13___Theyshowedconsumingfourorfiveeight-ouncecupsofcoffeeadayhasbeenassociatedwithreduceddeathrates.Inastudyofmorethan200,000participantsfollowedforupto30years,thosewhodrankthreetofivecupsofcoffeeaday,withorwithoutcaffeine,were15percentlesslikelytodieearlyfromallcausesthanthepeoplewhoavoidedcoffee.Perhapsmostdramaticwasa50percentreductionintheriskofsuicideamongbothmenandwomenwhoweremoderatecoffeedrinkers,perhapsbyboostingproductionofbrainchemicals.___14___AreportwaspublishedlastsummerbyaresearchteamattheHarvardHoolofPublicHealth.Itconcludedthatalthoughcurrentevidencemaynotguaranteerecommendingcoffeeorcaffeinetopreventdisease,formostpeopledrinkingcoffeeinmoderation“canbepartofahealthylifestyle.”___15___Inthepast,therewereoccasionalwarningsaboutcoffeebeingahealthrisk.Overtheyears,coffee’sbeenconsideredacauseofconditionssuchasheartdisease,stroke,andprematuredeath.Actually,theseconcernsmayhavebeenunfoundedandexaggerated.___16___However,despitevariousconcernsthathaveturnedupovertheyears,coffeeisremarkablysafeandhasanumberofimportantpotentialbenefits.A.Itisconsideredasahealthrisk.B.However,itwasn’talwaysthisway.C.Theyhavetheeffectsofanti-depression.D.Theyhavegiventhepublicaveryabnormalview.E.Therefore,moreresearchisneededtoconfirmthesefindings.F.Infact,therearemanystudiesconductedthroughouttheworld.G.Theirconsumptionhasbeenlinkedtoareducedriskofdiseases.【答案】12.G13.F14.C15.B16.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了對咖啡及其主要成分咖啡因?qū)】档淖钚略u估結(jié)果，說明了適量飲用咖啡可以作為健康生活方式的一部分，并指出過去對咖啡的健康擔憂可能是沒有根據(jù)且被夸大的?！?2題詳析】上文“Thelatestassessmentsofthehealtheffectsofcoffeeandcaffeine(咖啡因),itsmainactiveingredient,arecomfortingindeed.(對咖啡及其主要成分咖啡因?qū)】档淖钚略u估結(jié)果確實令人欣慰)”說明咖啡和咖啡因?qū)】档脑u估結(jié)果是積極的。G選項“Theirconsumptionhasbeenlinkedtoareducedriskofdiseases.(它們的攝入與降低患病風險有關)”承接上文，具體說明了咖啡和咖啡因的積極影響，即它們的攝入與降低患病風險有關，與上文語意連貫。故選G項?！?3題詳析】下文“Theyshowedconsumingfourorfiveeight-ouncecupsofcoffeeadayhasbeenassociatedwithreduceddeathrates.Inastudyofmorethan200,000participantsfollowedforupto30years,thosewhodrankthreetofivecupsofcoffeeaday,withorwithoutcaffeine,were15percentlesslikelytodieearlyfromallcausesthanthepeoplewhoavoidedcoffee.(研究表明，每天喝4到5杯8盎司的咖啡與降低死亡率有關。在一項對20多萬參與者長達30年的跟蹤研究中，那些每天喝三到五杯咖啡的人，無論是否含有咖啡因，因各種原因早死的可能性比不喝咖啡的人低15%)”介紹了對咖啡的相關研究及其結(jié)果。F選項“Infact,therearemanystudiesconductedthroughouttheworld.(事實上，世界各地都進行了許多研究)”引出下文對研究結(jié)果的介紹，句中“manystudies”與下文代詞“They”相照應，上下文語意連貫。故選F項?！?4題詳析】上文“Perhapsmostdramaticwasa50percentreductionintheriskofsuicideamongbothmenandwomenwhoweremoderatecoffeedrinkers,perhapsbyboostingproductionofbrainchemicals.(也許最引人注目的是，適量飲用咖啡的男性和女性自殺風險降低了50%，這可能是通過促進大腦化學物質(zhì)的產(chǎn)生來實現(xiàn)的)”介紹了適量飲用咖啡對降低自殺風險的積極影響。C選項“Theyhavetheeffectsofanti-depression.(它們有抗抑郁的作用)”承接上文，進一步解釋了咖啡可能通過其抗抑郁作用來降低自殺風險，與上文語意緊密相關。故選C項。【15題詳析】上文“Itconcludedthatalthoughcurrentevidencemaynotguaranteerecommendingcoffeeorcaffeinetopreventdisease,formostpeopledrinkingcoffeeinmoderation‘canbepartofahealthylifestyle.’(它的結(jié)論是，盡管目前的證據(jù)可能不足以推薦飲用咖啡或咖啡因來預防疾病，但對大多數(shù)人來說，適量飲用咖啡‘可以成為健康生活方式的一部分’)”是對咖啡和咖啡因健康評估的總結(jié)，指出適量飲用咖啡可以成為健康生活方式的一部分。B選項“However,itwasn’talwaysthisway.(然而，情況并非總是如此)”引出下文對過去咖啡被視為健康風險的描述，與上文形成對比，說明人們對咖啡的看法發(fā)生了變化。故選B項?！?6題詳析】上文“Actually,theseconcernsmayhavebeenunfoundedandexaggerated.(實際上，這些擔憂可能是沒有根據(jù)且被夸大的)”指出過去對咖啡的健康擔憂可能是錯誤的。D選項“Theyhavegiventhepublicaveryabnormalview.(他們給了公眾一個非常不正常的看法)”承接上文，進一步說明這些擔憂帶來的影響，并為下文“However,despitevariousconcernsthathaveturnedupovertheyears,coffeeisremarkablysafeandhasanumberofimportantpotentialbenefits.(然而，盡管多年來出現(xiàn)了各種擔憂，但咖啡實際上是非常安全的，并具有許多重要的潛在益處)”的轉(zhuǎn)折做了鋪墊。故選D項。第三節(jié)（共12小題，37~40每小題0.5分，41~48每小題1分,滿分10分）TheSearchfortheNorthwestPassageForhundredsofyears,thesearchforaconvenientroutebywateracrosstheNorthAmericancontinent,fromtheAtlanticOceanintheeasttothePacificOceaninthewest,inspiredexplorersandsailors.ThiswasthefabledNorthwestPassage.ThemainreasonforseekingthisroutewasthatitwouldprovideashortcutfromEuropetotheestablishedmarketsofAsia,especiallyChinaandIndonesia.FromthefifteenthcenturyuntiltheSuezandPanamaCanalswerebuiltmanycenturieslater,theonlywayforashiptotravelfrom,forexample,SpaintothePhilippines,wasviaCapeHornagainstferociouswindsanddangerouscurrents,orviathelongerandstillmoreriskyCapeofGoodHope.Eitherway,itwasalongandperilousjourney.Betweentheearlyfifteenthcenturyandtheearlytwentiethcentury,whentheNorthwestPassagewasfinallytraversedentirelybysea,thereweremanytheoriesregardingwheresucharoutemightbe.SomebelievedtheremightbeacontinuouswaterwayacrosstheAmericancontinent,betweenwhatisnowCaliforniainthewestandtheGreatLakesandSaintLawrenceSeawayintheeast.Othersbelieveditwouldbefarnorth,aboveAlaskaandthenormallyfrozenNorthernCanada.Tolocatethisfabledroute,expeditionssetoutfromtheeasternAtlanticandthewesternPacificcoasts.TheearliestjourneysfromtheeasterncoastintothewildernessofNortheastCanadawereundertakenbyGreenlandVikingsbeforethethirteenthcentury.Furtherjourneysofdiscoverywerenotmadeinearnestuntilthefifteenthcentury,thefirstofwhichwasledbyEnglishmanJohnCabotin1497,followedbythreevoyagesstartingfrom1576ledbyCabot’sfellowcountryman,MartinFrobisher,afterwhomFrobisherBayisnamed.Duringthefollowingthreecenturies,furtherexpeditionssetout,severalofwhichsufferedgreathardshipduetotheirshipsbeingfrozenintheiceaswintersetin.ThemostfamousofthesewasanotherEnglishman’sexpedition,thatofSirJohnFranklin’s,whoseshipdisappearedwithoutatracein1846.Thisledtoover25searchparties,resultinginfurtherexploration.However,theyinitiallyhadnosuccesspushingbeyondthebaysandchangingchannelsofEasternCanada.AtthesametimeasEnglishexplorationwastakingplaceintheeast,onthewesterncoastSpanishseamenwereattemptingtofindaroutefromwesttoeast.In1539,60yearsbeforeFrobisher’sepicjourneys,aSpaniard,FranciscodeUlloa,exploredCaliforniaandhisexploitscreatedthemythofapassageacrossthecontinentfromCalifornia.FurtherexplorationfromSpaincontinuedforthenexttwocenturies.Duringthistime,Russiabecameinvolvedinexplorationfurthernorth,withVitusBering,aDaneworkingforRussia,locatingandnamingtheBeringStrait,thewaterwaybetweenRussiaandAlaska.ThemostfamousoftheWesternnavigatorswasEnglishmanCaptainJamesCook,who,in1778,attemptedtofindthepassageforaprizeof￡20,000offeredbytheBritishAdmiralty.Neitherhenorothernavigatorswhofollowedhim,includingcompatriotGeorgeVancouver,discoveredanysignofariverthatwouldleadeastwards,rather,theywereblockedbyglaciersclosetothecoast.TheyconcludedthattherewasnopassagesouthoftheBeringStrait.Perhapsthemostimpressivejourneywastheonethatfinallyachievedsuccess.InthesearchforFranklin,CommanderRobertMcClure’sexpeditionengagedinaremarkablejourneybetween1850and1854.HisshipHMSInvestigatorsailedfirstaroundCapeHornandthen,afterheadingnorth,foundaroutefromwesttoeastthroughtheBeringStraitandacrossNorthernCanada.Duringthistimehisshipwastrappediniceforthreewintersandhiscrew,despitenearlydyingofstarvation,completedthejourneyacrosstheiceinsleds,beforebeingpickedupbyanothership.However,theNorthwestPassagewasnottraversedentirelybyseauntil1906whenRoaldAmundsen,thegreatpolarexplorer(whowasalsothefirsttoreachtheSouthPole),finallyachievedthisfeatbytakingtheeast-westroute.Thefirstsuccessfulfullymarinewest-eastcrossingwascompletedin1942byaRoyalCanadianMountedPolicecrewintheirpluckyArcticworkhorse,theconvertedschoonerStRoch,whichlatermadethereturntrip.Manyothervesselshavesincemadethevoyage,includingaslateas2008,thefirstcommercialcrossing.Instruction:DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1?TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationFALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformationNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis17.EuropeancountrieslookedforaconvenientsearoutetoAsiasothattradecouldbegin.A.True B.False C.NotGiven18.Theoriesaboutanavigablepassage,overmanycenturies,tendedtoconcentrateontheeasterncoast.A.True B.False C.NotGiven19.Atfirst,thosesearchingforSirJohnFranklin’sexpeditionwererestrictedtoeasternCanada.A.True B.False C.NotGiven20.ThemistakenbeliefinaseapassagefromCaliforniaeastwardsresultedinextensiveexplorationbyoneEuropeancountryovertwocenturies.A.True B.False C.NotGiven21.Instruction:Lookatthefollowingstatementsandthelistofattemptsandsuccessesbelow.Matcheachstatementwiththecorrectattemptorsuccess,A–D.Youmayuseanylettermorethanonce.ListofattemptsandsuccessesA.East-westattemptsB.West-EastattemptsC.Successfulone-waytraversesD.Successfultwo-waytraverses_____AnEnglishmanwhosenamewasgiventoageographicfeature_____Amodifiedlocalworkingvessel_____Arenownednavigatorchasingareward_____Anadventurersuccessfulinotherlocations_____Amysteriousdisappearance22.Instruction:Completethesummaryusingthelistofwordsandphrases,A–G,below.A.sledsB.hungerC.Franklin’sshipD.aroutefromwesttoeastE.Amundsen’sshipF.diseaseG.atimelysolutionIncontrasttoearliervoyages,CommanderRobertMcClure’sexpeditionsucceededindiscovering______.ItwasalonganddifficultjourneyfortheHMSInvestigator.Theshipwasstuckforalongtimeandthecrewwassufferingfrom______.McClureandhiscrewfinallyfinishedtheexpeditionin______.Thepassagewascrossedentirelybyseainsubsequentyears,includingafairlyrecentcommercialexpedition.【答案】17.B18.B19.A20.A21.①.A②.D③.B④.C⑤.A22.①.D②.B③.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了數(shù)百年來，因西北航道能提供歐洲到亞洲的捷徑，眾多探險隊從東、西兩岸出發(fā)探尋。期間歷經(jīng)諸多艱難與失敗，如Franklin探險隊失蹤等，最終RobertMcClure、RoaldAmundsen、加拿大皇家騎警先后成功完成穿越?！?7題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Forhundredsofyears,thesearchforaconvenientroutebywateracrosstheNorthAmericancontinent,fromtheAtlanticOceanintheeasttothePacificOceaninthewest,inspiredexplorersandsailors.ThiswasthefabledNorthwestPassage.ThemainreasonforseekingthisroutewasthatitwouldprovideashortcutfromEuropetotheestablishedmarketsofAsia,especiallyChinaandIndonesia.(數(shù)百年來，人們一直在尋找一條橫跨北美大陸、東起大西洋、西至太平洋的便捷水路，這激勵著探險家和水手。這就是傳說中的西北航道。尋求這條路線的主要原因是，它將提供一條從歐洲到亞洲成熟市場的捷徑，特別是中國和印度尼西亞)”可知，尋求西北航道的主要原因是提供一條從歐洲到亞洲成熟市場的捷徑，這意味著與亞洲的貿(mào)易已經(jīng)開始了，所給陳述與文章中的信息相矛盾。故選B項?！?8題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Betweentheearlyfifteenthcenturyandtheearlytwentiethcentury,whentheNorthwestPassagewasfinallytraversedentirelybysea,thereweremanytheoriesregardingwheresucharoutemightbe.SomebelievedtheremightbeacontinuouswaterwayacrosstheAmericancontinent,betweenwhatisnowCaliforniainthewestandtheGreatLakesandSaintLawrenceSeawayintheeast.Othersbelieveditwouldbefarnorth,aboveAlaskaandthenormallyfrozenNorthernCanada.(在15世紀早期到西北航道最終完全由海洋穿越的20世紀早期之間，關于這條路線可能在哪里有很多理論。一些人認為，可能會有一條連續(xù)的水道橫跨美洲大陸，從現(xiàn)在的加利福尼亞西部到五大湖和東部的圣勞倫斯海道。其他人則認為它會在遙遠的北方，在阿拉斯加和常年冰凍的加拿大北部之上)”可知，關于這條路線的理論并不僅僅集中在東海岸，所給陳述與文章中的信息相矛盾。故選B項?！?9題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“ThemostfamousofthesewasanotherEnglishman’sexpedition,thatofSirJohnFranklin’s,whoseshipdisappearedwithoutatracein1846.Thisledtoover25searchparties,resultinginfurtherexploration.However,theyinitiallyhadnosuccesspushingbeyondthebaysandchangingchannelsofEasternCanada.(其中最著名的是另一個英國人的探險隊，JohnFranklin爵士的探險隊，他的船在1846年消失得無影無蹤。這引來超過25個搜救隊，導致了進一步的探索。然而，他們最初并沒有成功地突破加拿大東部的海灣和千變?nèi)f化的海峽)”可知，起初尋找JohnFranklin爵士探險隊的人被限制在加拿大東部，所給陳述與文章中的信息一致。故選A項?！?0題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“AtthesametimeasEnglishexplorationwastakingplaceintheeast,onthewesterncoastSpanishseamenwereattemptingtofindaroutefromwesttoeast.In1539,60yearsbeforeFrobisher’sepicjourneys,aSpaniard,FranciscodeUlloa,exploredCaliforniaandhisexploitscreatedthemythofapassageacrossthecontinentfromCalifornia.FurtherexplorationfromSpaincontinuedforthenexttwocenturies.(就在英國人在東部進行探險的同時，在西海岸，西班牙海員正試圖找到一條從西向東的路線。1539年，也就是Frobisher史詩般的旅程的60年前，一位名叫FranciscodeUlloa的西班牙人探索了加利福尼亞，他的功績創(chuàng)造了從加利福尼亞穿越大陸的神話。在接下來的兩個世紀里，來自西班牙的進一步探索仍在繼續(xù))”可知，歐洲國家西班牙錯誤地認為有一條從加利福尼亞向東的海上通道，在長達兩個世紀的時間里一直在探索，所給陳述與文章中的信息一致。故選A項?！?1題詳析】(1)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“TheearliestjourneysfromtheeasterncoastintothewildernessofNortheastCanadawereundertakenbyGreenlandVikingsbeforethethirteenthcentury.Furtherjourneysofdiscoverywerenotmadeinearnestuntilthefifteenthcentury,thefirstofwhichwasledbyEnglishmanJohnCabotin1497,followedbythreevoyagesstartingfrom1576ledbyCabot’sfellowcountryman,MartinFrobisher,afterwhomFrobisherBayisnamed.(最早從東海岸到加拿大東北部荒野的旅行是由格陵蘭維京人在13世紀之前進行的。直到15世紀，人們才真正開始了進一步的發(fā)現(xiàn)之旅，第一次是由英國人JohnCabot于1497年領導的，隨后從1576年開始，Cabot的同胞MartinFrobisher領導了三次航行，弗羅比舍灣就是以他的名字命名的)”可知，英國人MartinFrobisher由東向西航行，弗羅比舍灣就是以他的名字命名的。故選A項。(2)細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thefirstsuccessfulfullymarinewest-eastcrossingwascompletedi