2019高考英語一輪復習課時作業(yè)81Alandofdiversity

課時作業(yè)(三十六)選修8Unit1AlandofdiversityⅠ.閱讀理解A(2018·廣東省佛山市檢測)LakshmigrewupinIndiainthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury,seeingmanypeoplearoundherwhodidnotgetenoughfood,wereoftensickanddiedyoung.Inthe1960s,shewasaskedtohelpmanageaprogramtoimprovenutritioninhercountry.Atthattime,mostadviceonnutritioncamefromNorthAmericanandEuropeancountries.Nutritionistssuggestedfoodsthatweremonandworkedwellforpeoplewholivedinthesenations.Forexample,theytoldpoorIndianwomentoeatmoremeatandeggsanddrinkmoreorangejuice.ButLakshmiknewthisadvicewasuselessinacountrylikeIndia.Peopletheredidn'teatsuchfoods.Theyweren'teasytofind.Andforthepoor,suchfoodsweretooexpensive.Lakshmiknewthatfortheprogramtowork,ithadtofitIndianculture.Soshedecidedtoadjustthenutritionprogram.Shefirstfoundoutwhathealthymiddle-classpeopleinIndiaate.Shetooknoteofthenutrients(營養(yǎng)物)availableinthosefoods.Thenshelookedforcheap,easy-to-findfoodsthatwouldprovidethesamenutrients.Shecreatedabalanceddietoflocallygrownfruits,vegetables,andgrains.Thesefoodswerecheapandcouldbecookedwithsimpleequipment.Herideaswerethoughtunusualinthe1960s.Forexample,sheinsistedthatadietwithoutmeatcouldprovideallmajornutrients.Nowweknowshewasright.Butittookhercontinuouseffortstogetotherstofinallyacceptherdietabout50yearsago.BecauseofLakshmi'sprogram,Indianchildrenalmostdoubledtheirfoodintake.Andmanychildrenwhowouldhavebeenhungryandillgrewhealthyandstrong.【文章大意】拉克希米負責一個改善印度人飲食營養(yǎng)的項目，她沒有照搬西方人的建議，而是調(diào)整了她的營養(yǎng)計劃，來適應印度人的實際情況。經(jīng)過不斷的努力，她的做法才逐步被人們接受，并被認為是正確的?！鹃L難句分析】LakshmigrewupinIndiainthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury,seeingmanypeoplearoundherwhodidnotgetenoughfood,wereoftensickanddiedyoung.句式分析：本句為主從復合句，LakshmigrewupinIndiainthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury是主句。seeingmanypeoplearoundher...diedyoung作伴隨狀語，seeing后跟賓語從句，manypeople是賓語從句的主語，were和died是由and連接的并列謂語，whodidnotgetenoughfood為定語從句，修飾manypeople。句意：拉克希米成長在20世紀上半葉的印度，她看到她周圍有許多人因得不到足夠的食物而常?；疾〔⒃缭缢廊?。1.WhydidLakshmithinkEuropeannutritionists'advicewasuseless?A．ItworkedwellforEuropeanpeople.B．ItsuggestedtoomanyfoodsforIndians.C．ItwasnotpracticalinIndiaatthattime.D．Itincludedfoodsthatdidn'texistinIndia.答案與解析：C'考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)題干中的useless到文章中找信息，根據(jù)文章第三段中的“ButLakshmiknewthisadvicewasuselessinacountrylikeIndia.Peopletheredidn'teatsuchfoods.Theyweren'teasytofind.Andforthepoor,suchfoodsweretooexpensive.”可知，歐洲營養(yǎng)學家們的建議在當時的印度是不合實際的。故選C項。2.Lakshmistudiedhealthymiddle-classpeople'sdietinorderto________.A．knowabouttheireatinghabitsB．learnaboutIndiancultureC．findoutnutrientsintheirfoodD．writeareportonfoodnutrients答案與解析：C'考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Thenshelookedforcheap,easy-to-findfoodsthatwouldprovidethesamenutrients.”可知，拉克希米之所以研究印度健康的中產(chǎn)階級的飲食，為的是發(fā)現(xiàn)便宜的、易找到的能提供相同營養(yǎng)的食物。故選C項。3.Lakshmi'sbalanceddietwasconsideredunusualbecausepeoplethought________.A．thosefoodsweretoocheapB．itshouldincludesomemeatC．itprovidedallmajornutrientsD．itenabledkidstogrowhealthy答案與解析：B'考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Forexample，sheinsistedthatadietwithoutmeatcouldprovideallmajornutrients.Nowweknowshewasright.”可知，拉克希米經(jīng)過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，不含肉的飲食也能提供所有主要的營養(yǎng)。這個觀點當時卻不為人所接受，但現(xiàn)在證實她是正確的。故選B項。4.WhatcanweinferaboutLakshmi?A．Shecamefromarichfamily.B．Shedislikedmiddle-classpeople.C．SheworkedwithEuropeannutritionists.D．Shewasadeterminedscientist.答案與解析：D'考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“Butittookhercontinuouseffortstogetotherstofinallyacceptherdietabout50yearsago.”可知，經(jīng)過不斷的努力，她才使人們接受她的飲食觀點，由此可推測，拉克希米是一個意志堅定的人。故選D項。B(2018·陜西省部分學校第一學期摸底檢測)AprincipalinManhattaninformedparentsthattherewouldbenomorehomeworkforthepublicschool'sstudents.Andthencamethearguments—notfromteachers,butfromparents.Somesaidtheywouldtransfertheirchildrentoanotherschool.Somesaidtheywerefindingonlinesourcesofhomeworkfortheirchildren.TheywerenotconvincedoftheexplanationfromPrincipalJaneHsuaboutthenegativeeffectsofhomeworkonyoungchildren,includinglackoftimeforotheractivitiesandfamilytime,andlossofinterestinlearning.Hsusuggestedchildrenshouldspendtheirtimeonactivitiesthathadbeenfoundtobegoodfortheiracademic,socialandemotionaldevelopment.AsasupporterofHsu'sapproach,Iwonderhowmanyoftheparentalargumentsoccurnotbecauseofwhatchildrenwillmissouton,butbecauseparentsthemselvesnolongerfeelconfidentabouttheirabilitytohelptheirchildrendevelopwithouthighlystructuredactivitiestoguidethem.I'mremindedofameetingattheschoolmyyoungerdaughterwasabouttostartwhenshewas6.Theheadoftheschoolmetwithparentstosaythatshewasalsoconsideringdoingawaywithhomework.Onemomobjectedbecausehomeworkwasher“specialtime”eachdaywithherchildwhentheycouldsitdowntogethertogothroughthework.Theheadoftheschoolappearedsurprisedatthis.Shegentlysuggestedthatthemothershouldreadtoherchild,orthattheyshouldcookdinnertogether.It'sbeensadalreadytoseethatkids,betweentheirstructuredsoccerpracticesandtheirhomework,haveverylittletimetoplay.Butit'sevensaddertoseetheparentalnervousnessaboutwhatmighthappentoathird-graderwhohasmoretimetocreate,think,read,interactwithothers,orimagine.Whatmighthappen,Ibelieve,mustbemorehappiness,moreenergyandbetterphysicalfitness.【文章大意】曼哈頓的一位校長通知家長她的學校將不再給學生布置家庭作業(yè)，此舉在家長中引發(fā)了激烈的討論。作者本人對這位校長的方法表示支持，并持樂觀的態(tài)度?！倦y句分析】AsasupporterofHsu'sapproach,Iwonderhowmanyoftheparentalargumentsoccurnotbecauseofwhatchildrenwillmissouton,butbecauseparentsthemselvesnolongerfeelconfidentabouttheirabilitytohelptheirchildrendevelopwithouthighlystructuredactivitiestoguidethem.分析：本句為復合句。介賓短語AsasupporterofHsu'sapproach作狀語；wonder后為賓語從句；該賓語從句中含有not...but...結構，not后的becauseof...outon為原因狀語，且介詞短語becauseof后為what引導的賓語從句，but后為because引導的原因狀語從句。譯文：作為JaneHsu校長這一做法的支持者，我想知道有多少家長不是因為孩子將錯失什么，而是因為在沒有高度系統(tǒng)化活動指導他們的情況下，家長自己對幫助他們孩子發(fā)展的能力不再有信心而進行爭論的。5．Fromthepassage,weknow________.A．teachersarestronglyopposedtogivingnohomeworktotheirstudentsB．theideaofnohomeworkhasledtoaheateddebateC．childrengreatlybenefitfromtheideaofnohomeworkD．otheractivitieshavetakentheplaceofthehomework答案與解析：B'考查細節(jié)理解。由第一段中的“Andthencamethearguments—notfromteachers,butfromparents.”可知，不再布置家庭作業(yè)的做法在家長中引起了激烈的討論，故選B項。6．Whydidonemomobjecttotheideaofnohomeworkforkids?A．Herchildmightloseinterestinlearning.B．Herchildmighthavelesstimetothink.C．Sheenjoyedthetimedoinghomeworkwithherchild.D．Homeworkisgoodforchildren'sacademicdevelopment.答案與解析：C'考查細節(jié)理解。由第三段中的“Onemomobjectedbecausehomeworkwasher‘specialtime’eachdaywithherchildwhentheycouldsitdowntogethertogothroughthework.”可知，與孩子一塊兒做作業(yè)對這位母親來說是件讓她高興的事，所以她反對取消家庭作業(yè)這一想法，故選C。7．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsPrincipalJaneHsu'ssuggestion?A．Indifferent.B．Positive.C．Negative.D．Critical.答案與解析：B'考查觀點態(tài)度。由第二段中的“AsasupporterofHsu'sapproach”和最后一段中的“Whatmighthappen,Ibelieve，mustbemorehappiness,moreenergyandbetterphysicalfitness.”可以看出，作者持樂觀的態(tài)度，故選B。8．Thepassageismainlyabout________.A．whethertheparentsshouldtransfertheirchildrentopublicschoolB．thebenefitsofdoinghomeworkC．thenecessityofchangingtheeducationsystemD．whetherthestudentsshoulddohomeworkafterschool答案與解析：D'考查主旨大意。結合全文可知，一位校長通知家長她的學校將取消家庭作業(yè)。家長之間就此展開了激烈的討論，討論的焦點是“應不應該取消學生的家庭作業(yè)”，D項與此相符合，故選D。Ⅱ.完形填空(2018·合肥市高三調(diào)研性檢測)Notmanypeoplecansaythey'vebeenhitbyavehicle,butIcan.Irodemybiketomydaily.__1__practiceinagymlastsummer.Icrossedthestreetasthelight__2__;however,ayoungwoman__3__mewithherfancyracingcar.LikeJamesBondinavery__4__situation,Irolledacrossthehood(引擎蓋)ontotheothersideofthecar.Youmaywonder__5__awomandrivercouldbesocareless.Thetruthisthatthewomanwasonherphonewhiledriving,soher__6__wasclearlydrawnawayfromdriving,whichcausedtheaccident.Afterassessingmy__7__andbelievingthatallmyboneswereundamagedinanyway,I__8__andtalkedtothewomandriver.Icouldtellshewasobviouslyquite__9__.SowasI.Afterassuringherofmywell-being,we__10__ways.__11__mysurprisinglyshabbybicycle,Iwentonmyway.Irodeintothe__12__20minuteslate.Uponmyarrival,mytenniscoachandfriendsaskedmewhyIwaslate.Nervously,I__13__thecaraccident.Everyoneseemedtobefarmore__14__thanIwas.Infact,I__15__joked,sayingthatnowIknowhowthesquirrelsfeelafteraniceescape.Afterthis__16__，Irealizetheimportanceofbikelanesandwatchingoutforpedestrians.NowasIdrive,Ialways__17__forpeopleonbikessothattheydonot__18__thesamefate(命運)thatIdid.__19__，forallthebikersandrunnersoutthere,watchoutforcars,asonesmallmistakecould__20__anunforgivablemistake.【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文?！拔摇痹隍T車去體育館參加網(wǎng)球訓練的途中，被一輛跑車撞到，幸運的是“我”的骨頭沒有受傷。通過這起事故，“我”意識到了自行車車道和注意行人的重要性。1．A.footballB．tennisC．volleyballD．badminton答案與解析：B根據(jù)第三段第三句中的“mytenniscoach”可以判斷，“我”騎自行車到體育館參加網(wǎng)球訓練，故B項正確。2．A.permittedB．brokeC．a(chǎn)ppearedD．exploded答案與解析：A根據(jù)該句中的“Icrossedthestreet”可知，“我”穿過了街道；根據(jù)常識可以判斷，此舉是在信號燈的允許(permitted)下進行的，故A項符合語境。3．A.passedB．greetedC．hitD．met答案與解析：C根據(jù)該句中的“ayoungwoman__3__mewithherfancyracingcar”，并結合第一段第一句中的“beenhitbyavehicle”可知，一位年輕的女士開著跑車撞到了“我”。C項意為“撞擊，擊中”，符合語境。4．A.romanticB．humorousC．a(chǎn)wkwardD．dangerous答案與解析：D根據(jù)該句“LikeJamesBondinavery__4__situation,Irolledacrossthehood(引擎蓋)ontotheothersideofthecar.”可知，就像詹姆斯·邦德在非常危險的(dangerous)情況下那樣，“我”從引擎蓋上滾到了車的另一邊。5．A.howB．ifC．whenD．where答案與解析：A分析該句結構可知，空處在賓語從句中作狀語；結合該句“Youmaywonder__5__awomandrivercouldbesocareless.”及語境可知，你可能想知道，一個女司機怎么會如此粗心？how表示“怎么，如何”，故選A。6．A.passionB．a(chǎn)ttentionC．interestD．excitement答案與解析：B根據(jù)該句中的“Thetruthisthatthewomanwasonherphonewhiledriving”可知，這位女士在開車時打。據(jù)此可以判斷，她的注意力(attention)不在開車上。7．A.needsB．behaviorsC．injuriesD．conclusions答案與解析：C根據(jù)該句中的“believingthatallmyboneswereundamagedinanyway”可以判斷，這是在對“我”的傷勢進行評定。C項意為“損傷”，符合語境，故C項正確。A項意為“需要”；B項意為“行為”；D項意為“結論”。8．A.stoodupB．walkedawayC．laydownD．blewup答案與解析：A根據(jù)該句中的“believingthatallmyboneswereundamaged”可知，“我”的骨頭都沒有受傷；據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”站起身和那位女司機說話。A項意為“站起身”，符合語境，故A項正確。B項意為“走開”；C項意為“躺下”；D項意為“爆炸，爆發(fā)”。9．A.rudeB．cautiousC．forgetfulD．scared答案與解析：D根據(jù)上文可知，“我”被這位女司機開的跑車撞到；據(jù)此可以判斷，這位女司機很害怕(scared)，故D項正確。A項意為“粗魯?shù)摹?；B項意為“謹慎的”；C項意為“健忘的”。10．A.partedB．clearedC．exploredD．changed答案與解析：A根據(jù)該句中的“Afterassuringherofmywell-being”可以判斷，在讓她確信“我”身體沒事以后，我們就分開(parted)了。11．A.TurninginB．PickingupC．PuttingasideD．Givingaway答案與解析：B根據(jù)上文可知，“我”被女司機駕駛的跑車撞到；據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”扶起(Pickingup)了“我”的破爛的自行車就上路了。A項意為“交還”；C項意為“把……放在一邊，撇開”；D項意為“泄露”。12．A.garageB．parkinglotC．gymD．bikestore答案與解析：C根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“gym”可知，“我”騎車進了體育館(gym)，故選C。13．A.avoided