2024-2025學(xué)年北京市朝陽區(qū)高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1北京市朝陽區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語試題第一部分知識運(yùn)用(共三節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題；每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ForanyonewhohastakenthepathtoHighRockLookout(瞭望臺)inWashington,they’llknowit’shard.However,the79-year-oldwomanBannisterwas___1___ofgettingtothelookoutbecauseshehadgoneupmanytimesbefore.AsBannister___2___,shemadeittothetop.Whenshebeganheadingbackdown,shecaughtherfootinaholeand___3___forwardhard.Bythetimesheturnedherselfrightsideup,shefoundherfootwaspointingthewrongway.Inpainshecriedoutforhelp.BeforelongtwoyounghikersJackandAllencametohersideandcalled911.Asearchandrescueteamsaidthey’dbetherein5hours,which___4___everybody.Bannisteraskedtheyoungmeniftheyhadanypainkillers,andthey___5___theydidnot.Realisingthewomanhadnothingtohelpherselffor5upcominghoursofgreatpain,Jacktookaction.Liftingher___6___ontohisback,hebegantheslow,carefuljourneydownhill.Jackhikedthree-quartersofthejourney,whileAllentookcareoftheremainingdistance.Oncethey___7___,AllenspedBannisterofftothehospital.Thedoctorstoldhershehadbrokenseveralbonesandthatitmighthavebeenalotworsewithoutthe___8___help.Shethenbeganalongroadtorecoverythatsawpeoplecomeandvisither,includingJackandAllen,whowonanachievementmedalfortheir___9___.“Iwasfilledwith_____10_____thattheyjustcameoutofthewoodstohelpmeandtheyweretotallyunselfishandkind,”Bannistersaid,addingthatthefriendshipshegainedinJackandAllenwasworthmorethanthepainanddiscomfort.1.A.confident B.careful C.uncertain D.afraid2.A.demanded B.complained C.predicted D.pretended3.A.jumped B.fell C.looked D.pushed4.A.discouraged B.enlightened C.relieved D.interrupted5.A.announced B.proposed C.replied D.reflected6.A.regularly B.gently C.accidentally D.casually7.A.setout B.turnedaround C.gotdown D.wenton8.A.potential B.professional C.frequent D.immediate9.A.cooperation B.discipline C.insights D.efforts10.A.passion B.appreciation C.satisfaction D.admiration【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.A5.C6.B7.C8.D9.D10.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了79歲的Bannister在登瞭望臺的旅行中意外摔傷腿，幸得Jack和Allen及時救助，將她背下山并送往醫(yī)院獲得及時救治的故事?！?題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，79歲的班尼斯特女士對登上瞭望臺很有信心，因為她之前曾多次登上瞭望臺。A.confident自信的；B.careful仔細(xì)的；C.uncertain不確定的；D.afraid害怕的。根據(jù)后文“becauseshehadgoneupmanytimesbefore”可知，因為之前有登瞭望臺經(jīng)驗，所以79歲的班尼斯特女士對這次登瞭望臺充滿信心。故選A項?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：正如班尼斯特所料，她成功登上了頂峰。A.demanded要求；B.complained抱怨；C.predicted預(yù)測；D.pretended假裝。根據(jù)上文“However,the79-year-oldwomanBannisterwas______ofgettingtothelookoutbecauseshehadgoneupmanytimesbefore.”可知，正如班尼斯特所預(yù)測的那樣，她成功登頂。故選C項?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)她開始往下走時，她的腳被一個洞卡住了，重重地向前摔倒了。A.jumped跳；B.fell掉落，摔倒；C.looked看；D.pushed推。根據(jù)前文“shecaughtherfootinahole”可知，腳被卡住了，所以摔倒了。故選B項?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一個搜救隊說他們將在5小時內(nèi)到達(dá)那里，這讓所有人都很沮喪。A.discouraged使泄氣；B.enlightened啟迪；C.relieved緩解；D.interrupted打斷。根據(jù)前文“Asearchandrescueteamsaidthey’dbetherein5hours”可知，救援時間很長，這讓所有人都很泄氣。故選A項?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：班尼斯特問這些年輕人有沒有止痛藥，他們回答沒有。A.announced宣布；B.proposed提議；C.replied回復(fù)；D.reflected反映。根據(jù)前文“Bannisteraskedtheyoungmeniftheyhadanypainkillers”可知，針對女士的提問，年輕人回答沒有止痛藥。故選C項?！?題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他輕輕地把她背在背上，開始了緩慢而小心的下山之旅。A.regularly有規(guī)律地；B.gently溫柔地，輕柔地；C.accidentally偶然地；D.casually隨意地。根據(jù)后文“ontohisback,hebegantheslow,carefuljourneydownhill.”及上文“Inpainshecriedoutforhelp.”可知，此處表示將受傷的班尼斯特女士背在背上下山，由于她受傷嚴(yán)重，因此是輕輕地背在背上。故選B項?！?題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他們一下來，艾倫就把班尼斯特送去了醫(yī)院。A.setout開始努力，啟程，出發(fā)；B.turnedaround轉(zhuǎn)身；C.gotdown下來；D.wenton繼續(xù)。根據(jù)后文“AllenspedBannisterofftothehospital”可知，他們下山后就將女士送往醫(yī)院。故選C項?！?題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：醫(yī)生告訴她，她已經(jīng)斷了幾根骨頭，如果沒有及時的幫助，情況可能會更糟。A.potential有潛力的；B.professional專業(yè)的；C.frequent頻繁的；D.immediate立即的。根據(jù)前文“itmighthavebeenalotworsewithoutthe”及上文講到Jack和Allen及時幫助班尼斯特女士可知，如果沒有他們的及時幫助，情況可能更糟糕。故選D項?！?題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，她開始了漫長的康復(fù)之路，人們來看望她，包括杰克和艾倫，他們因努力營救獲得了一枚成就獎?wù)隆.cooperation合作；B.discipline紀(jì)律；C.insights深刻見解；D.efforts努力。根據(jù)上文“Liftingher______ontohisback,hebegantheslow,carefuljourneydownhill.Jackhikedthree-quartersofthejourney,whileAllentookcareoftheremainingdistance.”可知，Jack和Allen及時幫助營救班尼斯特女士付出努力，因此，他們獲得了一枚獎?wù)?。故選D項?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：班尼斯特說：“我很感激他們走出森林來幫助我，他們完全是無私和善良的?！彼a(bǔ)充說，她在杰克和艾倫身上獲得的友誼比痛苦和不適更有價值。A.passion熱情；B.appreciation感激，欣賞；C.satisfaction滿足；D.admiration欽佩，贊美。根據(jù)后文“thattheyjustcameoutofthewoodstohelpmeandtheyweretotallyunselfishandkind”可知，對于Jack和Allen及時幫助自己脫困這件事，班尼斯特女士十分感激。故選B項。第二節(jié)選詞填空(共10小題；每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句意，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或詞組，并使用其正確形式填空。dominatemotivatefigureoutdecreaseencounterregardlessofrelyonapartfromstrivetolocate11.Teachingisallabouthowto________peopletolearn.12.Ittookmealongtimeto________whathereallymeant.13.Technologyshouldserveusratherthan________ourlives.14.Jamesdecidedtopursuehisdream________whatotherssaid.15.________theirflatinthecity,theyalsohaveahouseinthecountryside.16.Aftertheheavystorm,rescueplanestriedto________themissingsailors.17.ZhangGuimei’smessagetoyounggirlsisto________betheirbestselves.18.Mike________manydoubtsfromhisclassmateswhenheproposedanewplan.19.Thenumberofthepatientsinfectedbyflu________significantlyinthepastfewweeks.20.Thesmalltown________tourismannuallyforitseconomicdevelopmentduringthetouristseason.【答案】11.motivate12.figureout13.dominate14.regardlessof15.Apartfrom16.locate17.striveto18.encountered19.hasdecreased20.relieson【11題詳析】考查動詞。句意：教學(xué)就是關(guān)于如何激勵人們?nèi)W(xué)習(xí)。分析句子成分可知，空處考查動詞原形；根據(jù)上文“Teaching”可推測，空處指的是“激勵”；單詞“motivate”，動詞，意為“激勵”，符合句意。故填motivate?！?2題詳析】考查動詞短語。句意：我花了很長時間才弄清楚他真正的意思。分析句子成分可知，空處考查動詞短語原形；根據(jù)空后的“whathereallymeant”可知，空處意為“弄清楚”；短語“figureout”，意為“弄清楚”，符合句意。故填figureout。【13題詳析】考查動詞。句意：技術(shù)應(yīng)該為我們服務(wù)，而不是主宰我們的生活。分析句子成分可知，空處考查動詞原形；根據(jù)上文的“serveus”可推測，空處指的是“主宰、控制”；單詞“dominate”，動詞，意為“主宰”，符合句意。故填dominate。【14題詳析】考查介詞短語。句意：詹姆斯決定追求自己的夢想，不管別人怎么說。根據(jù)空后的“whatotherssaid”可判斷，空處意為“不顧、不管”，介詞或介詞短語。短語“regardlessof”，意為“不顧、不管”，符合句意。故填regardlessof?！?5題詳析】考查介詞短語。句意：除了他們在市區(qū)的公寓外，他們在鄉(xiāng)下還有一所房子。根據(jù)主句“theyalsohaveahouseinthecountryside”中的“alsohaveahouse”可推測，空處意為“除了……”；介詞短語“apartfrom”，意為“除了……”，符合句意；出現(xiàn)在句首，首字母大寫。故填A(yù)partfrom。【16題詳析】考查動詞。句意：暴風(fēng)雨過后，救援飛機(jī)試圖定位失蹤的海員。分析句子成分可知，空處考查動詞原形；根據(jù)上文“rescueplanes”可知，救援飛機(jī)試圖定位失蹤的海員。單詞“l(fā)ocate”，動詞，意為“定位”，符合句意。故填locate?！?7題詳析】考查動詞短語。句意：張桂梅給年輕女孩們的寄語是努力成為最好的自己。根據(jù)空后“betheirbestselves”以及句意可知，張桂梅激勵女孩努力成為最好的自己；短語“striveto”，意為“努力做某事”，符合句意。故填striveto。【18題詳析】考查動詞。句意：當(dāng)邁克提出一個新計劃時，他遭到了許多同學(xué)的質(zhì)疑。分析句子成分可知，空處考查本句謂語動詞；根據(jù)從句時態(tài)可知，主句時態(tài)為一般過去時；根據(jù)主語“Mike”以及空后“manydoubtsfromhisclassmates”，可知空處謂語動詞意為“遭遇”；動詞“encounter”，意為“遭遇、邂逅”，符合句意。故填encountered。【19題詳析】考查動詞。句意：在過去的幾周里，流感患者的數(shù)量顯著減少。分析句子成分可知，空處考查本句謂語動詞；根據(jù)時間狀語“inthepastfewweeks”可知，本句時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時；再根據(jù)主語“thenumberof”可推測，謂語和“增加或減少”相關(guān)。單詞“decrease”，動詞，意為“減少”，符合句意。故填hasdecreased。【20題詳析】考查動詞短語。句意：這個小鎮(zhèn)在旅游季節(jié)依靠旅游業(yè)來推動其經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。分析句子成分可知，空處考查本句謂語；根據(jù)時間狀語“duringthetouristseason”可知，本句時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時；根據(jù)主語“thesmalltown”和空后的“tourism”可推測，空處意為“依賴……”；短語“relyon”，意為“依賴”，符合句意；主語為單數(shù)，和動詞短語之間為主動關(guān)系。故填relieson。第三節(jié)語法填空(共10小題；每小題1分，共10分)閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。21.Thetrain________(leave)beforeIgottothestation.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】hadleft【詳析】考查時態(tài)。句意：在我到達(dá)車站之前，火車已經(jīng)開走了。根據(jù)后文beforeIgottothestation可知表示過去的過去，用過去完成時。故填hadleft。22.Doctorssayweshouldhaveoureyes________(test)everyyear.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】tested【詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：醫(yī)生說我們應(yīng)該每年檢查一次眼睛。根據(jù)句意及空前“haveoureyes”可知，句子使用固定結(jié)構(gòu)“have+sth.+過去分詞”，表示“讓某物被……”，故空處應(yīng)用過去分詞形式。故填tested。23.Ihaveagoodcollectionofbooks,from________Ibenefitalot.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】which【詳析】考查定語從句。句意：我有很好的藏書，從中我獲益良多。句中先行詞為books，關(guān)系詞在非限定性定語從句中作介詞from的賓語，所以用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。24.Youmustbe________(absolute)silentorthebirdswon’tappear.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】absolutely【詳析】考查副詞。句意：你必須絕對安靜，否則鳥兒不會出現(xiàn)?？仗幮揎椥稳菰~silent，用副詞作狀語。故填absolutely。25.________(cover)withthicksnow,themountainslooklikeasilverworld.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】Covered【詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：山上覆蓋著厚厚的積雪，看起來像一個銀色的世界。look為謂語動詞，空處作狀語，邏輯主語themountains與cover構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞，放在句首，首字母大寫。故填Covered。26.At6o’clocktomorrowafternoon,we________(practise)basketballskills.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】willbepractising【詳析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：明天下午6點，我們將練習(xí)籃球技巧?？仗幾髦^語，根據(jù)At6o’clocktomorrowafternoon可知，表示將來具體時間點正在發(fā)生的事情，用將來進(jìn)行時willbedoing。故填willbepractising。27.They________(work)ontheirprogramallyearandarehopingtofinishitsoon.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】havebeenworking【詳析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：他們一整年都在研究這個項目，希望很快就能完成。空處作謂語，根據(jù)allyear及arehopingtofinishitsoon.可知，他們一直在研究這個項目，到現(xiàn)在還沒有結(jié)束，強(qiáng)調(diào)過程持續(xù)性，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，主語They為復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞，助動詞用have。故填havebeenworking。28.________(run)inthemorningisagoodhabitthathelpsimprovemyphysicalhealth.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】Running【詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：早上跑步是一個好習(xí)慣，有助于改善我的身體健康。空處作主語，run為動詞，用其動名詞形式，放在句首，首字母大寫。故填Running。29.Thespeechaboutcareerplanning________(give)intheschoollecturehalllastFriday.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】wasgiven【詳析】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：上周五在學(xué)校報告廳舉行了關(guān)于職業(yè)規(guī)劃的演講。根據(jù)lastFriday可知，句子描述過去的事情，且主語speech與give構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，主語為單數(shù)，be動詞用was。故填wasgiven。30.Thebuilding,________theimportantconferenceisbeingheld,isinthecenterofthecity.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)【答案】where【詳析】考查定語從句。句意：正在舉行重要會議的那座大樓位于市中心。空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為Thebuilding，在從句中作地點狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故填where。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ACallingallfuturescientistsandengineers!EUREKA!ishostingourannualsciencefair!Here’syourchancetoapplyyourloveofSTEM(Science,Technology,EngineeringandMathematics)bycreatingandconductingyourownscientificinvestigation(調(diào)查研究).Participationisfreeandopentoallhighschoolstudents!Studentscaneitherenterasanindividualorasateamofnomorethan3members.Judgingwillbebasedongrade,sotherewillbeseparateprizesfordifferentgraders.Ifateamiscomposedofstudentsfromdifferentgrades,theprojectwillbejudgedinthegradecategoryoftheoldestparticipant’sgrade.ProjectSubmissionAllofthefollowingmustbecompletedbySunday,March9,2025:·Completetheregistrationform(oneperteam).?Createanelectronicdisplaypostersummarisingtheirprojectandemailittothesciencefaircommittee.?Createavideopresentation(lessthan5minutes)explainingtheirprojecttothejudges,andemailittothesciencefaircommittee.SafetyRulesItisimportanttowearproperprotectivegear(裝備)whennecessaryinadditiontodisposingof(處理)wasteproperlywhenconductingascientificinvestigation.WestronglyrecommendthatguardianslookupandstudySafetyDataSheetsforanychemicalsthattheirstudentsuseandacceptresponsibilityfornotallowingtheirstudentstoexperimentwithdangerouschemicals.Projectsthatincludethedangerouscomponentsgoagainstoursafetyrules,andwillnotbedisplayedorjudged.PleasecontactEUREKA!directlytodiscussifyouareunsureaboutyourproject.31.Toenterthesciencefair,participantsneedto________.A.forma3-memberteam B.applyforSTEMcoursesC.behighschoolstudents D.comefromthesamegrade32.Whatareparticipantsrequiredtodobythesubmissiondate?A.Submittheirdisplayposter. B.Fillintheregistrationformindividually.C.Videotheinvestigationprocess. D.Presenttheirprojecttojudgesinperson.33.Whatwillcausetheprojectdisplaytobecancelled?A.Gettingridofprojectwasteimproperly.B.Involvingharmfulchemicalsintheproject.C.Performingexperimentswithoutaguardian.D.Conductinginvestigationswithoutprotection.【答案】31.C32.A33.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要是向讀者傳達(dá)關(guān)于EUREKA!年度科學(xué)博覽會的相關(guān)信息，包括參與條件、報名方式、項目提交要求以及安全規(guī)則等?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Participationisfreeandopentoallhighschoolstudents!(本次活動面向所有高中生免費(fèi)開放！)”可知，參加科學(xué)展的一個必要條件是參與者必須是高中生。故選C?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“ProjectSubmission”部分中的“AllofthefollowingmustbecompletedbySunday,March9,2025:Createanelectronicdisplaypostersummarisingtheirprojectandemailittothesciencefaircommittee.(所有項目必須在2025年3月9日（周日）前完成以下內(nèi)容：制作一份電子展示海報，對項目進(jìn)行總結(jié)，并發(fā)送至科學(xué)展委員會郵箱。)”可知，選項A“Submittheirdisplayposter.(提交他們的展示海報。)”是正確的，符合提交日期前需要完成的要求。故選A。【33題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章“SafetyRules”部分中的“Projectsthatincludethedangerouscomponentsgoagainstoursafetyrules,andwillnotbedisplayedorjudged.(含有危險成分的項目違反我們的安全規(guī)則，將不予展示和評審。)”以及前文強(qiáng)烈建議監(jiān)護(hù)人查閱和研究學(xué)生使用的任何化學(xué)品的安全數(shù)據(jù)表，不允許學(xué)生使用危險化學(xué)品進(jìn)行實驗，這里的危險成分主要就是指有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)，所以如果項目涉及有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)會導(dǎo)致項目展示被取消。故選B。BWhenIgotmyfirstresearchprojecttowork,Iwassoexcited.Seeingresearchinactionwasenjoyable.Myexcitement,though,wassooncutshortwhenmyprofessoraskedmetowritearesearchpaperontheproject.Mybodytensed.WritingwasthelastthingIwantedtodo;it’sonereasonwhyIpursuedscienceinthefirstplace.IhadhatedwritingsinceIwasalittleboy.ButIcouldn’tavoidit:writingclasseswererequiredinhighschool.Forhours,Istaredatblankpages,tryingtoturnmydisorganisedthoughtsintofluentsentences.Myteacherswouldreturnmypaperslitteredwithred,showingmyparagraphswereoutoforder.Iwasfrustratedtonoend.HowcouldIknowwhatwasgoodiftherewasnoobjectivelyrightanswer?MaybeIwasn’tcutoutforwriting.Istudiedengineeringincollege.Afewyearslater,Ijoinedaresearchlab.Theprofessorassignedmeaninitialprojecttoimprovetheefficiencyofaninductor(電路感應(yīng)器).Ispentweekssettingupatestforanewdesign.WhenIgottheresults,though,thenumbersweren’tgood.Ikepttryingnewdesigns,usingtheresultstobrainstormideaswithateamofresearchers.Finally,afterdozensofdesigns,wehadonethatcouldwork.Iwasoverjoyed—untilmyprofessortoldmetowritethatresearchpaper.Inpanic,Iaskedagraduatestudentinmylabforhelp.Icarefullywroteanoutline.ButwhenIaskedhimforfeedback,Isoonfoundthepaperfullofredmarks.BeforeIcouldquitindefeat,though,thegraduatestudentexplainedreddidn’tmeanIwasabadwriter.Writingisn’taone-and-donething.Itrequiresrevisingyourwork,oftenseveraltimes.Suddenlyitoccurredtome,“Hadn’tIdonethesamethingwhenIwasdesigningmyresearchproject?”Ikeptimprovingmyoutline,eventuallyturningitintosentencesandparagraphs,guidedbyfeedbackfromothers.Finally,Imadeit,andsurprisingly,Iwashavingfun.Fromthenon,writingbecameoneofmyfavouritepartsofresearch,anditstillistoday.It’safutureInevercouldhaveimaginedduringmyearlystruggleswithwritingclasses.ButIcamearound.34.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenaskedtowritearesearchpaper?A.Regretful. B.Ashamed. C.Disappointed. D.Unwilling.35.Theauthor’steacherreturnedhispaperslitteredwithredbecause________.A.hehandedinblankpagesB.hissentencesweresmoothC.hiswritinglackedorganisationD.hecombinedscienceinhiswriting36.Whichwordwouldbestdescribetheauthor’sfinalresearchdesign?A.Hard-earned. B.Confusing. C.Well-known. D.Worrying.37.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Agoodbeginningishalfdone.B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C.Abadworkmanalwaysblameshistools.D.Trialanderroropensthedoortoprogress.【答案】34.D35.C36.A37.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者從最初對寫作感到困擾和厭惡，到在科研過程中不得不面對寫作挑戰(zhàn)，最終在求助和不斷修改中逐漸發(fā)現(xiàn)寫作的樂趣，并將其轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭蒲兄凶钕矚g的部分之一的個人經(jīng)歷?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Myexcitement,though,wassooncutshortwhenmyprofessoraskedmetowritearesearchpaperontheproject.Mybodytensed.WritingwasthelastthingIwantedtodo;it’sonereasonwhyIpursuedscienceinthefirstplace.(然而，我的興奮勁兒很快就煙消云散了，因為我的教授要求我就這個項目寫一篇研究論文。我頓時緊張起來。寫作是我最不想做的事，這也是我當(dāng)初選擇投身科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的原因之一)”可知，得知教授要求他針對該項目寫一篇研究論文時，作者身體變得緊繃，并且表明寫作是他最不想做的事。由此推知，作者對于寫研究論文這件事是很不情愿的態(tài)度。故選D?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Forhours,Istaredatblankpages,tryingtoturnmydisorganisedthoughtsintofluentsentences.Myteacherswouldreturnmypaperslitteredwithred,showingmyparagraphswereoutoforder.(好幾個小時，我都盯著空白的紙張，試圖把自己雜亂無章的想法轉(zhuǎn)化成流暢的語句。老師們會把批改后滿是紅色標(biāo)記的作文發(fā)還給我，指出我的段落條理不清)”可知，作者提到自己在高中時，花好幾個小時盯著空白的紙張，努力將混亂的思緒轉(zhuǎn)化為流暢的句子，并且老師會把滿是紅色標(biāo)記的作文還給他，這些紅色標(biāo)記表明他的段落混亂無序。由此可知，老師在他的作文上做滿紅色標(biāo)記是因為他的寫作缺乏條理，也就是寫作結(jié)構(gòu)混亂。故選C。【36題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Afewyearslater,Ijoinedaresearchlab.Theprofessorassignedmeaninitialprojecttoimprovetheefficiencyofaninductor(電路感應(yīng)器).Ispentweekssettingupatestforanewdesign.WhenIgottheresults,though,thenumbersweren’tgood.Ikepttryingnewdesigns,usingtheresultstobrainstormideaswithateamofresearchers.Finally,afterdozensofdesigns,wehadonethatcouldwork.(幾年后，我加入了一個研究實驗室。教授給我分配了一個初步項目，旨在提高電路感應(yīng)器的效率。我花了好幾周時間為一種新設(shè)計搭建測試環(huán)境。不過，當(dāng)我拿到測試結(jié)果時，數(shù)據(jù)并不理想。我不斷嘗試新的設(shè)計，利用測試結(jié)果和一組研究人員一起集思廣益。終于，在嘗試了幾十種設(shè)計之后，我們有了一種可行的方案)”可知，作者接到提高電路感應(yīng)器效率的項目后，花了數(shù)周時間搭建新設(shè)計的測試環(huán)境，可最初得到的結(jié)果并不理想，之后他不斷嘗試新的設(shè)計，經(jīng)過幾十次的嘗試后，才終于有了一個可行的方案?？梢钥闯鲞@個最終的研究設(shè)計是作者付出了大量的時間、精力，經(jīng)過反復(fù)嘗試、不斷努力才得來的。由此推知，A“Hard-earned(來之不易的，辛苦獲得的)”很好地體現(xiàn)了這個最終設(shè)計是經(jīng)過作者艱辛努力才得到的這一特點。故選A?！?7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Afewyearslater,Ijoinedaresearchlab.Theprofessorassignedmeaninitialprojecttoimprovetheefficiencyofaninductor(電路感應(yīng)器).Ispentweekssettingupatestforanewdesign.WhenIgottheresults,though,thenumbersweren’tgood.Ikepttryingnewdesigns,usingtheresultstobrainstormideaswithateamofresearchers.Finally,afterdozensofdesigns,wehadonethatcouldwork.(幾年后，我加入了一個研究實驗室。教授給我分配了一個初步項目，旨在提高電路感應(yīng)器的效率。我花了好幾周時間為一種新設(shè)計搭建測試環(huán)境。不過，當(dāng)我拿到測試結(jié)果時，數(shù)據(jù)并不理想。我不斷嘗試新的設(shè)計，利用測試結(jié)果和一組研究人員一起集思廣益。終于，在嘗試了幾十種設(shè)計之后，我們有了一種可行的方案)”以及文章第四段“Ikeptimprovingmyoutline,eventuallyturningitintosentencesandparagraphs,guidedbyfeedbackfromothers.Finally,Imadeit,andsurprisingly,Iwashavingfun.(我不斷完善我的大綱，最終在他人反饋意見的指導(dǎo)下，把大綱變成了一個個句子和段落。最后，我成功了，而且令人驚訝的是，我還從中體會到了樂趣)”可知，文章主要描述了作者在研究項目中的經(jīng)歷。作者接到提高電路感應(yīng)器效率的任務(wù)后，一開始設(shè)計的測試結(jié)果不理想。但是他沒有放棄，而是不斷嘗試新的設(shè)計，經(jīng)過幾十次的嘗試，利用測試結(jié)果和同事一起討論，最終得到了可行的設(shè)計。在寫研究論文時，他也是在不斷修改完善的過程中取得了成功。這整個過程體現(xiàn)了“Trialanderror(反復(fù)試驗)”的理念。作者通過不斷地嘗試新設(shè)計，從失敗的結(jié)果中學(xué)習(xí)，從而打開了通往成功的大門。故選D。CWeareconstantlytaughtthatactingearlyratherthanprocrastinatingisthekeytosuccess,because“hewhohesitatesislost.”Whenwehaveameaningfultask,we’readvisedtogetitdonewellaheadofschedule.Whenwehaveanoriginalideatoinventaproductorstartacompany,we’reencouragedtobethefirstmover.Recently,anunusuallycreativedoctoralstudentnamedJihaeShinapproachedmewithanoppositeidea:procrastinationmightbefavorabletooriginality.Ichallengedhertotestit.Shinaskedcollegestudentstowriteproposalsforabusinessonauniversitycampustofillalotwherethereusedtobeaconveniencestore.Whentheystartedthetaskimmediately,theytendedtoproposeconventionalideas—likeanotherconveniencestore.WhenShinrandomlyassignedsomeoftheparticipantstoprocrastinate,puttingoffthetasktoplaygames,theyproducedmorenovelbusinessideas,likealecturecenterandastoragefacility.Independentratersevaluatedthefinalproposals,withoutknowingwhoprocrastinatedandwhostartedimmediately.Theproposalsfromtheprocrastinatorswere28percentmorecreative.Althoughwewereexcitedbytheseresults,wewereconcernedthatprocrastinationwasn’ttherealcauseofcreativity.Perhapsitwasplayinggamesthatprovidedmentalstimulation,orthatsimplygavethemabreakawayfromthetasktothink.Buttheexperimentshowedthatneitherplayinggamesnortakingabreakenhancedcreativity.Whenpeopleplayedgamesfirst,beforelearningaboutthetask,theydidn’tsubmitmorenovelproposals.Todothat,theyneededtoactuallybeprocrastinatingwhileplayinggames,keepingthebusinessproposaltaskinthebackoftheirminds.Andwhentheystartedthetaskimmediatelyandthentookabreakbeforereturningtoit,theyhadalreadymadetoomuchprogresstostartoverafresh.Inaclassicstudy,marketingresearchersPeterGolderandGerardTelliscomparedthesuccessofcompaniesthatwereeitherpioneersorsettlers.Thepioneerswerefirstmovers.Thesettlerswereslowertolaunch.WhenGolderandTellisanalysedhundredsofbrandsinthreedozendifferentproductcategories,theyfoundasurprisingdifferenceinfailurerates:47percentforpioneers,comparedwithjust8percentforsettlers.Evenwhenthepioneersdidsurvive,theyonlycapturedanaverageof10percentofthemarket,comparedwith28percentforsettlers.Settlersareoftenbrandedascopycats,butthisfixedimpressionofthemmissesthemark.Insteadoffollowingtheexistingdemand,theywaitfortherighttimeuntilthey’rereadytointroducesomethingnew.It’struethattheearlybirdgetstheworm,butwecan’tforgetthattheearlywormgetscaught.38.Accordingtothepassage,Shin’stheorysuggeststhat________.A.beingthefirstmovermakessuccessmorelikelyB.balancingworkingandhavingabreakisimportantC.delayingataskcanofferustimetothinkbeforeactingD.peoplearelesscreativeduetomentalstimulationofgames39.Whatcanwelearnfromtheclassicstudy?A.Pioneerssetaperfectstandardforsettlers.B.Pioneersalwayswincompetitiveadvantages.C.Settlers’successistheresultofstrategictiming.D.Settlersturnedouttobeincapableofinnovating.40.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toemphasisetheimportanceofactingearlyinsuccess.B.Todemonstrateprocrastinationcanbearesourceforcreativity.C.Toprovetheeffectivenessofourtraditionalbeliefinprocrastinating.D.Tocomparetheprocrastinators’creativitybetweenrecentandclassicstudies.【答案】38.C39.C40.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章探討了拖延對創(chuàng)造力的潛在積極影響，以及在商業(yè)領(lǐng)域中“先發(fā)者”與“定居者”之間的成功差異?！?8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“WhenShinrandomlyassignedsomeoftheparticipantstoprocrastinate,puttingoffthetasktoplaygames,theyproducedmorenovelbusinessideas,likealecturecenterandastoragefacility.Independentratersevaluatedthefinalproposals,withoutknowingwhoprocrastinatedandwhostartedimmediately.Theproposalsfromtheprocrastinatorswere28percentmorecreative.(當(dāng)Shin隨機(jī)分配一些參與者去拖延，推遲任務(wù)去玩游戲時，他們產(chǎn)生了更多新穎的商業(yè)想法，比如一個講座中心和一個存儲設(shè)施。獨立評審員評估了最終的提案，而不知道誰拖延了誰立即開始。拖延者的提案比立即開始者的提案更具創(chuàng)造性28%)”可知，JihaeShin的理論認(rèn)為拖延可能對原創(chuàng)性有利，因為拖延者在進(jìn)行任務(wù)時，能夠有更多時間思考，從而產(chǎn)生更具創(chuàng)造性的想法。故選C項?！?9題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Settlersareoftenbrandedascopycats,butthisfixedimpressionofthemmissesthemark.Insteadoffollowingtheexistingdemand,theywaitfortherighttimeuntilthey’rereadytointroducesomethingnew.(定居者經(jīng)常被貼上模仿者的標(biāo)簽，但這種固定印象是錯誤的。他們不是簡單地跟隨現(xiàn)有需求，而是等待合適的時機(jī)，直到準(zhǔn)備好推出新事物)”可知，經(jīng)典研究表明，定居者(即較晚進(jìn)入市場的企業(yè))的成功在于他們能夠等待合適的時機(jī)，然后推出新產(chǎn)品。故選C項?！?0題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Recently,anunusuallycreativedoctoralstudentnamedJihaeShinapproachedmewithanoppositeidea:procrastinationmightbefavorabletooriginality.(最近，一位名叫JihaeShin的極具創(chuàng)造力的博士生向我提出了一個相反的觀點：拖延可能對原創(chuàng)性有利)”及全文可知，整篇文章主要討論了拖延對創(chuàng)造力的積極作用，并通過實驗和經(jīng)典研究來支持這一觀點。故選B項。DLet’sstartwiththeend.Ifyouknowanythingaboutthestateofartificialintelligence,it’sthatmanyofthepeopleadvancingthetechnologyareseriouslyworriedaboutthetechnologythey’readvancing.Twostatementsstandout.ThefirstfollowedthereleaseofthecompanyOpenAI’sChatGPT-4,callingforasix-monthpauseonanyAIsystemgoingbeyondGPT’scapabilities.Thesignatories(簽署者)asked:“Shouldwedevelopnonhumanmindsthatmighteventuallyoutnumber,outsmart,andreplaceus?”Thesecondstatement,issuedinMay,2023,signedbynearlyallthemajorAIcompanyCEOsandmostofthetopAIresearchscientists,wasjust22wordslong:“Mitigating(減輕)theriskofextinctionfromAIshouldbeaglobalpriorityalongsideothersocietal-scaleriskslikepandemicsandnuclearwar.”So,who’sexcitedforAI?Iam?Maybe?AItoolsarehelpingthespeechlessspeakandreducingenergyconsumptionlargely.Therearebrilliantpeoplewhosaythisiskidstuff.Sooneveryonewillhaveacustomizedknowledgeassistant.Theremovaloflonelinessiscoming.Otherequallybrilliantpeoplegostraighttotheotherdirection.TheirimaginationcoverseverythingfromanAI-manufacturedextinction-levelvirustosocietaldestructionasjobsdisappearandinequalitybecomespermanent.OpenAI’sproductlaunchmadejawsdrop.Thetechismovingfast,butitsimpactwillarriveinwaves.We’vealreadyseenslightdecreaseinChatGPTusage.Thathardlymeanschatbotsaredoomed(注定失敗的)orAIisacraze.Onlythatit’searly.Itwilltaketimetounderstandhowpeopleadapttothesenewtools.Thattimeshouldnotbewasted.Theprocessorswillkeepprocessing—andweneedtogetready.Becausehoweverfar-fetchedtheideaofanartificialgeneralintelligence—meaninganautonomoussystemthatonedaygoesbeyondhumanabilities—it’snotimpossible.WecanalsolookoutforthemanywaysAItoolscanhelpusfixthehardproblemshumanitysimplyhasn’tbeenabletosolve.That’sthegoalhere,inthisspace,toexamineAIinaslightlylessanxiety-strickenway.Thestorysofarhasbeentoldbygeniuseswithmixedmotivesandterribleemotionalintelligence.It’sreallynosurprisethatthey’realsolousystorytéllers.Whostartswithextinction?Let’sbeginagain,thistimewithcreation.Allofthesoftwarewe’veeverusedwasengineeredtoworkbackwardfromanoutcome.Itscreatorswantedtohelpyoufindawebpageorplayagame.Perhapsyou’venoticedthatthemajorAIchatbotsarrivedwithalmostnouserdocumentationorinstructions.That’swhatmakesthismomentunique.Wehumanshavecreatedatoolforpotentiallyinfinitetasks.Itsimperfectionsareourstosolve—anditspowersstillourstoshape.41.Whatcanwelearnfromthetwostatements?A.ThepotentialofAIiscauseforconcern. B.AIadvancementdeservesaglobalpriority.C.TheriskAIbringsisimpossibletocontrol. D.AIisacommoninterestofwhoeverdevelopsit.42.AsforAI,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.Itisunlikelytogobeyondhumanabilities. B.Itmaybeappliedtohandleclimatechange.C.Itismisusedbygeniuseswithbadmotives. D.Itwillgraduallymovetowardsimperfection.43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“l(fā)ousy”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Awful. B.Gifted. C.Unexpected. D.Experienced.44.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AIIsHumans’DoomedEnemy B.AIIsontheRoadtoDestructionC.AreWeAwareoftheRisksfromAI? D.DoWeHateAIforAlltheRightReasons?【答案】41.A42.B43.A44.D【語篇解讀】本文為一篇議論文，作者針對“AI的未來潛力是否值得擔(dān)憂”這一點進(jìn)行展開論述，表達(dá)了AI的不完美可以由人為解決，AI的未來力量由人類塑造的觀點?！?1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Ifyouknowanythingaboutthestateofartificialintelligence,it’sthatmanyofthepeopleadvancingthetechnologyareseriouslyworriedaboutthetechnologythey’readvancing.Twostatementssta