2025屆上海市奉賢區(qū)高三上學(xué)期一模英語試題及答案_第1頁
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2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期奉賢區(qū)高三英語一模卷考生注意:1.考試時間105分鐘,試卷滿分115分。2.上,做在試卷上一律不得分。3.務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準(zhǔn)考證號和姓名,并將核對后的條形碼貼在指定位置。I.GrammarandvocabularySectionA(10分)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TheBestMusictoBoostProductivityHowmanytimeshaveyouputonyourheadphonestohelpyouconcentrateonyourtasks?Variousstudieshavetriedtoaddressthequestionof(1)________musicintheworkplacecanbehelpfulornot.Theshortanswerseemstobeyes,butitdependsonthejobandthemusic.Inonestudy,machineoperatorsataclothesmanufacturerbecame(2)________(productive)whentheylistenedtorelaxingmusic;theresearchersthereforesuggestedtryingmusicwithafasterpaceinstead.However,inanotherstudy(3)________(conduct)amongsurgeonswhooperatedonpatientswhilelisteningtoclassicalmusic,itshowedthattheywerebothfasterandmoreaccurateinperformance.Inthiscase,theresearchersadvisedagainsthighpaceorloudmusic(4)________itcouldbedistracting.Accordingtosomescientists,nomatterwhattaskyou’reengagedin,lyricsinmusic(5)________negativelyimpactyourattention.However,if(6)________(listen)tolyric-lessorclassicaltunesannoysyou,you’reprobablynotgoingtobeveryproductive,soitultimatelydependsonyourpersonalpreference.Theremightbealinkbetween‘emotionaluse’ofmusicatworkandperformance,too.Essentially,ifyourmoodimproves,sodoesyourwork.Tosomeextent,then,youmaybebestoffplayingmusic(7)________makesyouhappy.Interestingly,though,one2023study,whichsurveyed244peoplewholistenedtomusicatwork,revealednobenefitwhenmusic(8)________(use)forcognitivethinkingorjustplayedinthebackground.Butifyou’rejusthereforthebesttracks(9)________(boost)yourproductivity,we’vegotsomerecommendationsforyou.Thetopthreesongsmostoftenincludedinwork-relatedSpotifylists(10)________(be):‘DropsofJupiter’(Train),‘Dreams’(FleetwoodMac)and‘Don’tStopBelievin’(Journey).Integratethesesongsintoyourworkdayandexperiencetheboostinproductivitytheycanprovide.SectionB(10分)Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.enterB.echoC.physicalD.linkedI.weatherJ.alternativeK.effectivelySkyquakeE.supposedF.initialG.literallyH.diverseIfyou’veeverheardaloud,distantboomingnoisewithnoobviousexplanationlikeathunderstormoracarbackfiring,thenyoumighthaveexperiencedaskyquake.Skyquakeshavebeenreportedaroundtheworldandlocalshave___11___namesforthemindifferentregions.NearSenecaLakeinNewYorkState,they’reknownas‘Senecaguns’;inBelgiumthey’recalled‘mistpoeffers’;andtheJapaneserefertothemas‘uminari’,which___12___means‘criesfromthesea.’Somescientistshavesuggestedthatatypeofmeteor(流星)couldbethecause.Thesespacerocksexplodewhenthey___13___Earth’satmosphere.Ifthisoccurredabovethickcloud,thesoundcould___14___acrossawidearea.However,thereisno___15___evidencereachingtheground.A(n)___16___explanationisthegascomingoutofthebottomofthelake.Severalhotspotsforskyquakeactivityareclosetolarge,deeplakes,suchasSeneca.Butskyquakeshavealsobeenreportedawayfromsuchwaterbodies.ResearchersattheUniversityofNorthCarolinacomparedlocalnewsreportswithinformationfrom___17___sensorsandearthquakedetectors.Theywereunabletoidentifyanyearthquakeactivitythatcoincidedwiththestrangenoises,___18___rulingoutgroundshakingasthecauseofit.Theyconcludedthatthisphenomenonis___19___totheatmosphere.Possiblereasonscouldincludemeteorsexplodingintheskyorthesoundofbigwavesgettinglouderbecauseofspecialweatherconditionsneartheocean.Overtheyears,manyofthese___20___mysterynoiseshaveturnedouttobecausedbymilitaryplanesflyingfasterthanthespeedofsound.Giventhediversityoflocationsandexplanations,it’spossiblethatskyquakesindifferentpartsoftheworldhavedifferentcauses.Butfornow,theirtruecauseremainsmysterious.II.ReadingComprehension(45分)SectionA(15分)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.TherigidcorridorsofWeltonAcademycarriedtheweightoftraditionandconformity(循規(guī)蹈矩).JohnKeating,anEnglishteacherwitha(n)___21___ofmysteryandpassion,steppedintotheacademylikeabreathoffreshnessinadullroom.Hisverypresencewasa(n)___22___tothelong-establishednormsoftheschool.HewasnotonetosimplystandatthefrontoftheclassroomandlecturedaboutShakespeare’spoetryortherulesofgrammar.___23___,hehadauniquewayofmakingthewordscomealive.Inhisfirstclass,hewalkedintotheroom,atwinkleinhiseye,andledtheboysoutintothehallway.Pointingattheold,fadedpicturesofformerstudents,hesaid,“Carpediem,boys.Seizetheday.Makeyourlives___24___.Thesemenwereoncejustlikeyou,withdreamsandpotential.Don’tletthisplaceburyyourambitions.”Hisspecialhaven,the“WhispersoftheBard,”wasamagicalplacehiddenawayfromthe___25___eyesoftheschoolauthorities.Here,undertheopensky,Keatingwouldgatherthestudentsaroundhim.Hewouldrecitepoetrywithsuchenthusiasmthatthewordsseemedto___26___intheair.“Poetry,”hetoldthem,“isnotjustaboutrhymesandmeters.It’sthelanguageofthe___27___.It’sthewayweexpressthedeepestdesiresandthewildestdreamsthatwehold___28___us.”Heencouragedeachstudenttofindtheirownvoicebetweenthelinesofthegreatpoets.ToNeilPerry,whohadahiddenpassionforthe___29___burninglikeasmallfireinhisheart,Keatingwaslikeaguidingstar.HesawthepotentialinNeil’seyesandsaid,“Neil,thestageiswaitingforyou.Don’tletanyoneevenyourfather___30___yourlight.Yourdreamsareprecious,andyouhavethetalenttomakethemcometrue.”HehelpedNeilpracticehislines,showinghimhowto___31___hisemotionsthrougheveryword.UnderKeating’sguidanceineverysession,Neilgrewmoreconfident,believingthathecouldeven___32___whathisfatherexpectedofhim.ForToddAnderson,whowasshyandoften___33___byhisbrotherseeminglyexcellentateverything,Keatingnoticedhistalentforseeingthedeepermeaninginliterature.“Todd,”hesaid,“yourmindisatreasurechest.Openitandshareyourthoughtswiththeworld.Don’tbeafraidto___34___.Yourinterpretationsareasvaluableasanyother’s.”WithKeating’sencouragingwords,Toddstartedtocomeoutofhis___35___,findingthecouragetospeakupandexpresshimself.Keating’sencouragementwaslikeagentlewindthatblewthroughthelivesofthesestudents,fanningtheflamesoftheirdreamsandgivingthemthestrengthtopursuewhattheytrulyloved.21.A.airB.gestureB.barrierC.moodD.outlookD.opportunityD.MoreoverD.specificD.watchingD.slide22.A.threatC.challengeC.InsteadC.practicalC.wanderingC.move23.A.However24.A.mysterious25.A.caring26.A.dance27.A.insight28.A.between29.A.poetry30.A.dimB.ThereforeB.extraordinaryB.shiningB.floatB.innocenceB.uponC.soulD.senseC.intoD.withinB.stageC.matchD.musicB.adjustC.flashD.fuel31.A.conceal32.A.fallwithin33.A.overseen34.A.stepaway35.A.routineB.projectB.persistinB.overshadowedB.fitinC.stimulateC.keepoffC.overestimatedC.standoutC.circleD.sustainD.gobeyondD.overlookedD.pushforwardD.spaceB.shellSectionB(22分)Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AIntheyear1669,aGermantradernamedHennigBrandsetoutonanunusualquestthatwouldleadtooneofthemostfascinatingdiscoveriesinthehistoryofchemistry.Brand,drivenbytheage-oldalchemists’dreamofmagicallyturningbasemetalsintogold,conductedaseriesofexperimentsthatwouldforeverchangeourunderstandingofelements.Brand’sjourneybeganwithanassumptionthatthekeytocreating“gold”residedinhumanurine(尿液).Thisseeminglystrangeideawasfueledbytheobservationthaturinesharedasimilaryellowcolorwiththepreciousmetal.Actingonthisbelief,Brandcollectedanastonishing5000litersofurineandallowedittostandandferment(發(fā)酵).Afterweeksoffermentation,Brandboiledtheurinedowntoathick,stickysubstance.Hethenmixedthispastewithsandandheatedthemixturetoanextremetemperature.Whatemergedfromthisprocesswasasubstancethatwasentirelynewtotheworldofscience–awhitesolidthatshonewithasoftlightinthedark.Brandnamedthisglowingmaterial“phosphorus,”originatingfromtheGreekwordsfor“l(fā)ightbearer.”Thediscoveryofphosphoruswasnotjustascientificbreakthrough;itcapturedtheimaginationofthepublicandthescientificcommunityalike.Itsabilitytogiveofflightinthedarknesswasbothfascinatingandmysterious.TheimplicationsofBrand’sdiscoverywerefar-reaching.Phosphoruswasnotonlyanoveltybutalsoasubstancewithpracticalapplications.Itwouldlaterbecomeanessentialcomponentintheproductionofmatches,fertilizers,andvariouschemicals.HennigBrand’saccidentaldiscoveryofphosphorusin1669wasmorethanjustfindinganewelement;itmarkedtheendoftheeraoftheperiodofmagicchemistryandthebeginningofmodernchemistry.Brand’sphosphorus,oncesoughtasameanstowealth,becameacornerstoneinthefieldofscience,acleardemonstrationofpowerofcuriosityandtheunexpectedpathsthatcanleadtoenlightenment.36.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thefallofancientalchemistsandtheriseofmodernchemists.B.Theaccidentaldiscoveryofphosphorusanditsscientificimpact.C.Theimportanceofhumanurineinscientificexperiments.D.Thetransformationofbasemetalsintogoldthroughmagic.37.WhatwasHennigBrand’sinitialgoalwhenhestartedhisexperiments?A.Toturnhumanurineintogold.C.Toproduceaglowingsubstance.B.Todiscoveranewelement.D.Toreformmodernchemistry.38.Theunderlinedword“cornerstone”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.A.mysteryB.symbolC.obstacleD.foundation39.WhatcanbeinferredaboutHennigBrandfromthepassage?A.Hewasaseriouschemistwhofollowedestablishedscientificmethods.B.Hewasavisionaryscientistwhopredictedthefutureofchemistry.C.Hewasacuriousindividualwillingtoexploreunconventionalideas.D.Hewasawealthytraderwithadeepunderstandingofchemistry.BGoingunderground?TheSubwayistheeasiestwaytogetaroundtheCityCentreandWestEndofGlasgow.Runningeveryfourminutesatpeaktimes,ittakesjust24minutestocompleteacircuitofthe15stationsandcostsfromaslittleas£1.80foranadultsingletotravelanywhereelseonthesystem.FirstTrainsLastTrainsOuterCircleMon.toSat.Sun.OuterCircleMon.toSat.23:16Sun.17:5018:03Sun.FromGovanFromStEnochInnerCircleFromGovan06:3006:3410:00FromGovan10:03FromStEnoch23:30Mon.toSat.Sun.InnerCircleMon.toSat.23:1606:3006:3210:00FromGovan17:5018:00FromStEnoch10:00FromStEnoch23:28SubwayticketsTypeSingleAdultChild**£0.85*unlimitedtravelforoneday£1.80£3.40£4.30**Appliestochildrenunder16yearsold.Childrenunderfivetravelforfreeifaccompaniedbyafarepayingadult.ReturnAllday*£1.60£2.1540.Accordingtothenoticeboard,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Thesubwayistheonlywaytotravelinthecity.B.Thesubwayrunsevery4minutesanytimeoftheday.C.Anentirejourneyof24stationstakes15minutes.D.Anadultticketforafullcircuitcostsonly£1.80.41.ToarriveatKelvinbridgeonaweekdaymorningassoonaspossible,youcantaketheearliesttrainfromStEnochat____________.A.6:34B.6:32C.10:00D.10:0342.Acoupletakinga15-year-oldandanewbornonaONE-DAYtripinGlasgowcanmaximizetheirsubwayexperiencebypaying____________.A.£6.45B.£8.40C.£10.75D.£12.90CForthefirsttime,scientistshaveobservedthebrainthroughoutthepregnancy(懷孕)timeline.Sexhormones,likeestrogenandtestosterone,arepowerfulplayersinthebrain,affectingmood,memory,andmore.Someofthemostdramatichormonalchangesthathumansexperiencehappenduringpregnancy,andyetthoseninemonthshavebeenablackboxforhumanneuroscienceuntilnow.AnewstudypublishedthisweekinNatureNeuroscienceprovidesthemostextensivelookinsidethatblackboxyet.Researchersscannedthebrainofonewoman26timesovertheentirecourseofherpregnancy–before,duringandafter.Brainscansshowthattracksofwhitemattergetstrongerduringpregnancy.Previousbrainimagingstudiesfrombeforeandafterpregnancyhaveshownthatpregnancyshrinks(縮小)partsofthebrain,specificallyitsgraymatter.Theseouterlayersofthebrainareresponsibleformostofsensation,learningandothergreatthingsthebraindoes.Shrinkinggraymattermaysoundscary,butithappenstoallofusthroughoutdevelopmenttofine-tuneourneuralprocessingandmakeourbrainsmoreefficient.Thoughtheterm“mommybrain”isoftenusedtorefertothebrainfogandforgetfulnesssomepeoplefeelduringpregnancy,thebrainchangesarelikelyadaptive.Forexample,youmaybeforgettingwhereyourkeysare,butyouarewaymorefocusedonwhatishappeningtoyourbaby.Researchersareparticularlyinterestedinchangeswithinbrainregionsthathelpwithsocialcognitionbyallowingustotakeonothers’perspectives.Thescaleandpatternofbrainchangesduringpregnancyaresimilartowhatotherresearchershaveseeninadolescentbrainsduringpuberty(青春期),alsodrivenbyhormones.Otherresearchershavebeenabletodetectwhethersomeonehadbeenpregnantbasedonlyonneuroimagingdatafromdecadeslater.Sodespitethecommonsayingthatourbrainsstopdevelopinginourmid-20s,hormonesseemtodrivebig,long-lastingchangesthroughoutadulthood.Fromstudyingthewoman’sbrain,researchersconfirmedgraymatterdecreasedbyfourpercentoverthecourseofpregnancyandthatdecreasepersistedthroughouttheendofthestudytwoyearsaftergivingbirth.Anditwasn’tjustoneareaornetwork–80%ofbrainregionsshrunk.Whilecertainareasandnetworkschangedfasterthanothers,theteamdoesn’tyetknowwhattheimplicationsare.43.Thepassagemainlytellsus__________________.A.howpregnancyimpactswomen’smemoryC.howpubertydiffersfrompregnancyB.howbrainscansleadtoabreakthroughD.howbrainchangesduringpregnancy44.Basedontheresearch,apregnantwomanshould______changesaccompanying“mommybrain”?A.peacefullyacceptC.completelyignoreB.consciouslyavoidD.eagerlyexpect45.Wecanlearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat________________________.A.researchershavefiguredoutwhycertainareasofbrainchangefasterB.despitesimilarity,brainchangesinpubertyaren’tdrivenbyhormonesC.hormonesarelikelytocausebrainchangesbeyondadolescenceD.theshrinkageofgraymatterinbrainstopsshortlyafterchildbirth46.Whatisthestructureofthispassage?A.B.C.ExplainingRelatingwithotherfindingsSummarizingthemainpointsEvaluatingthesolutionsPresentingafindingIntroducingatopicProvidingexamplesProposingsolutionsStatingaproblemD.DescribingaphenomenonAnalyzingthecausesPredictingthefuturetrendsSectionC(8分)Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Previously,they’vetrainedpacksofheroratstodetectdangerousbacteria.Thentheywereintroducedtocommonscentsusedtomaskillegalwildlifetrade.C.Thiseffortaimstoprovidealow-costdetectionsystemtopreventillegalhunting.E.Existingscreeningtoolsareexpensiveandtimeintensive,necessitatinganewapproach.F.Forthispurpose,thesetrainedratswillbeexpectedtoworkinlikelyhotspotsforillegalwildlifetrade.RattingonCrimes“Youarenevermorethansixfeetawayfromarat,”goesthesaying.Thoughithasbeenconcludedthatthisestimateisincorrect,itmightsoonbeaccurateforthoseinvolvedintheillegalwildlifetrade.AteamofresearchershavetrainedAfricanratstopickupthescents(氣味)ofendangeredanimalproducts,suchaselephantivoryandrhinohorn.47.__________Theratpackcanevenidentifytheseitemswhenconcealedamongothersubstances,andhavebeenshowntorememberthesmellsaftermonthsofnon-exposure.Thisisn’tthefirsttimeAPOPO,aTanzania-basednon-profit,haverecognizedapotentialforasuper-ratworkforce.48.__________Theorganizationlookstoprovidelow-tech,cost-efficientsolutionstopressingchallengesthroughoutAfrica.Theratsinthenewstudywentthroughseveraldemandingstagesoftraining.Theyfirstlearnedtosmellatargetscentforseveralsecondstoearnaflavouredreward.49.__________Thefinalstepwasmemoryconsolidationtraining,wheretheywerereintroducedtoscentsthey’dnotencounteredforfiveandeightmonths,respectively.Despitethemonthsofnon-exposure,theratsshowedperfectmemoryscores,suggestingthattheircognitivememoryperformanceissimilartothatofdogs.Illegalcapture,killing,andharvestingofanimalsandplantshaveincreaseddramaticallyinrecentyears.Forexample,55Africanelephantsarekilledfortheirtuskseveryday,over20,000ayear.Thishastobestoppedimmediately.50.__________Theywillbearmedwithcustom-madevests(馬甲).Withtheirfrontpaws,theywillbeabletopullasmallballattachedtothechestoftheirvest,whichgivesoutabeepingsound.Thiswayratswillbeabletoalerthandlerswhentheydetectatarget.Oncefullytrainedandprepared,thesegiantratscouldbecomeillegalhunters’worstenemy.III.SummaryWriting(10分)51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.TheSignificanceofCattleinMaasaiSocietyCattlearethetraditionalpartnersoftheMaasaipeopleofEastAfrica.ThetraditionalMaasaidietisheavilycenteredaroundcattleproducts.MilkisafundamentalcomponentoftheMaasaidiet,consumeddailyandinvariousforms.Freshmilk,knownas“enkirowua”,isoftendrunkstraightormixedwithherbsforaddedflavorandmedicinalbenefits.Processedmilk,or“mokore”,isapopularvariation,providingrichsourceofnutrition.Cattle’smeatisanotherimportantpartoftheMaasaidiet,consumedduringspecialoccasionsandceremonies.Everypartoftheanimalisused,reflectingtheMaasai’sresourcefulnessandrespectfortheirlivestock.Itrepresentsstrengthandthecommunity’scollectivewealth.CattleholdsignificantvalueinMaasaisociallife.Anindividual’ssocialstatusisheavilyinfluencedbycattleownership.Thenumberofcattleonepossessesdirectlyrelateswithhisstandinginthecommunity.Thisisparticularlyevidentduringtraditionalceremonies,suchasweddings,wheretheexchangeofcattleasgiftssignifiesthestrongbondbetweenfamiliesandasharedcommitmenttothefuture.Familiesthereshareresponsibilitiesincattlecareandtheircollectivemanagementpromotesunityandteamwork.Forexample,theprocessofmilkingisasharedactivity,involvingbothmenandwomenandstrengtheningsocialbonds.Itisespeciallyvitalduringchallengingtimes,suchasdroughtsorotherhardshipswhenthewell-beingofthecattleiscrucial.CattlealsoplayabigroleinMaasairitualsandceremonies,accompanyingindividualsfrombirthtodeath.Forexample,thesacrificeofacowduringnamingceremoniesorfuneralsnotonlycelebratestheoccasionbutalsostrengthensthecommunity’sspiritualconnectionwiththeirlivestock.Theseritualshighlightthespiritualimportanceofcattle,seenasalinkbetweenthephysicalandspiritualworlds,thusfirmlyestablishingtheircentralroleinMaasaiculture.IV.Translation(15分)Directions:Tr

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