福建省2024屆廈門(mén)市高三下學(xué)期三模英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

廈門(mén)市2024屆高中畢業(yè)班第三次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題本試卷共12頁(yè)，考試時(shí)間120分鐘，總分150分。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Heishomesick.B.Hewillgohomebyplane.C.Heisexpectingtheholidays.2.Whendidthewomanbegintosneeze?A.OnMondaymorning.B.OnMondayafternoon.C.OnMondaynight.3.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?AAtavegetableshop.B.Attheman’shouse.C.Atarestaurant.4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aperformance.B.Aninvestment.C.Afilm.5.Whatproblemdoesthemanencounter?A.Atimeconflict.B.Atroublesomeaccountant.C.Anundecidedmarketingplan.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdidthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Returnhomeontime.B.Invitehisfriendsover.C.Cleanupthehouse.7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Momandson.B.Husbandandwife.C.Brotherandsister.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatisthemanlookingfor?A.Asuit.B.Ashirt.C.Atie.9.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthesecondpieceofclothing?A.Itistight.B.Itisinformal.C.Itispricey.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whydidthemanstopwatchingtheprogramlastnight?A.Itwasairedtoolate.B.Itlastedtoolong.C.Itwasfullofads.11.Whataretheradiocommercialsdoing?A.Issuingcashcards.B.Buyingproducts.C.Runningaseriesofads.12.Whatdothespeakersthinkofrecentadvertisingtrend?A.Striking.B.Disturbing.C.Astonishing.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whattourdoesthemandecidetotaketoday?A.Athree-hourtour.B.Ahalf-daytour.C.Aone-daytour.14.Whattimeisitnow?A.10:00a.m.B.10:30a.m.C.11:00a.m.15.Whichplacewillthemanvisittomorrow?A.BuckinghamPalace.B.WestminsterAbbey.C.WindsorCastle.16.Howmuchdoesthemanpayintotal?A.￡15.B.￡90.C.￡105.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Howmanypartsdoesthespeaker’sdivingtrainingconsistof?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.18.Whatdidthespeaker’smotherdowellin?A.Academicstuff.B.Practicalskills.C.Classroomwork.19.Whathappenedtothespeakerduringthediving?A.Shegotherearsblockedup.B.Sheenjoyedthefreezingwater.C.Shewentunderthewatersmoothly.20.Howdidthespeakerfeelaboutfinishingthedivingtraining?A.Proud.B.Lucky.C.Confident.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ALosAngelesishometoapopularcyclingculture.Thefollowingbikeshopswillhelpyouseethecityinawholenewlight.LosAngelesBikeAcademyLosAngelesBikeAcademyisabikeshopwithacriticalmission:Provideresourcesandcommunityforlocalunderservedyouth.ItsinitiativeisitsEarn-a-Bikeprogram,wherestudentsspendtimeintheshoplearningthebasicsofbikemaintenanceandrunningastore,andtheygraduatewiththeirownbike.LABAalsoformscompetitivecyclingteamsthatraceallaroundthecountry.TheCubHouseIt’sabikeshop,aplantstoreandaniceplacetowanderthrough.Ithassomethingforeveryone.Hereyoucanplayagameofping-pongontheoutdoortable,headintotheminigreenhouseforadelicateplant,orjustadmirethevintage(老式的)cyclingclotheshungonthewalls.Finally,makesuretoswingbytheCubHousefortheL.A.Invitational,aweekendpartyfeaturingmultiplebikeridesandavintagecarandbikeshowoutsidethestore.Frank’sSomeofthewildestbikesinL.A.arerollingoutofFrank’s.ThehousespecialtyhereisBMX,specificallyluxurymodelswithlarge29-inchwheels.Thesebikesareasmuchfuntolookatastheyaretoride.Since1992,Frank’shasfoundabusinessopportunityforitselfasadestinationforBMXbuildsandhard-to-findparts.Thedisplaycounterhasenoughattractionstomatchajewelrystore.TheBicycleStandThisspaciousstorefeaturesclassicvintagebikes.It’sworthmakingatriptothisstorejusttoseetheiramazingcollection.Thestorealsospecializesinvintagebikerepaintingandrestorations.Besides,theBicycleStandteamworksonallkindsofrides,andtheshophasavarietyofrefurbished(翻新的),ready-to-ridebikesforsale.1.WhatisspecialaboutLosAngelesBikeAcademy?A.Itaimsatrepairinglocalbikes.B.Itholdsnationalcyclingcompetitions.C.Itservesasacommunityfordisabledyouth.D.Itoffersaprogramforstudentstoearnabike.2.Whichbikeshopfavorsping-ponglovers?A.LosAngelesBikeAcademy. B.TheCubHouse.C.Frank’s. D.TheBicycleStand.3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Todiscussbenefitsofriding. B.Toexplainhowbikeshopswork.C.TopromotebikeshopsinL.A. D.Tointroducearidingorganization.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了幾個(gè)洛杉磯的自行車(chē)商店?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)LosAngelesBikeAcademy部分的“ItsinitiativeisitsEarn-a-Bikeprogram,wherestudentsspendtimeintheshoplearningthebasicsofbikemaintenanceandrunningastore,andtheygraduatewiththeirownbike.(它的首創(chuàng)是“掙一輛自行車(chē)”(Earn-a-Bike)計(jì)劃，學(xué)生們?cè)诘昀飳W(xué)習(xí)自行車(chē)維護(hù)和經(jīng)營(yíng)商店的基本知識(shí)，畢業(yè)時(shí)就能擁有自己的自行車(chē))”可知，LosAngelesBikeAcademy為學(xué)生提供了一個(gè)掙自行車(chē)的項(xiàng)目。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheCubHouse部分的“Hereyoucanplayagameofping-pongontheoutdoortable,headintotheminigreenhouseforadelicateplant,orjustadmirethevintage(老式的)cyclingclotheshungonthewalls.(在這里，你可以在戶外的桌子上打乒乓球，走進(jìn)迷你溫室，觀賞一株精致的植物，或者只是欣賞掛在墻上的復(fù)古自行車(chē)服。)”可知，TheCubHouse這個(gè)自行車(chē)店喜歡乒乓球愛(ài)好者。故選B。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)文章第一段“LosAngelesishometoapopularcyclingculture.Thefollowingbikeshopswillhelpyouseethecityinawholenewlight.(洛杉磯是流行的自行車(chē)文化之鄉(xiāng)。下面的自行車(chē)店將幫助你以全新的眼光看待這座城市)”可知，文章主要介紹了幾個(gè)洛杉磯的自行車(chē)商店，由此可推知，文章的寫(xiě)作目的是推廣洛杉磯的自行車(chē)商店。故選C。BKelliBoehlesayshersonNikwasanamazingandcaringpersonNikwasdiagnosed(診斷)withcancerin2008whenhewas17.Hepassedawayin2012.ButNik’skindnessandgenerosityhavelivedonlongafterhisdeath.Afterhewasdiagnosedandstartedtreatment,Nikwasgranted(給予)awishexperiencefromtheMake-A-WishFoundation.“Forjustthisperiodoftime,wedidn’tthinkaboutcancer,”KelliBoehlesaid.“Allwethoughtaboutwasenjoyingourtimetogether.”In2009,NikmetanotheryoungmanNate,whowasalsogoingthroughcancertreatment.He’dbeendiagnosedamonthafterturning18,andNiklearnedhewastoooldtoqualifyforawish.ThenightbeforeNikpassedaway,heaskedhismothertohelpensurethatyoungadultsfightingcancercouldhavetheirwishescometruetoo.“Itwaslikeaseedheplantedthatjustwouldn’tstopcomingintomymind,”shesaid.In2012,KelliBoehlestartedNik’sWish.Thenonprofitgrantswishestoyoungadultsbetweentheagesof18and24whoarebattlingcancer.Natewastheorganization’sfirstwishrecipient.“It’smeanttobringthemjoyandknowthatthey’relovedandthatwe’refightingforthem,too,”KelliBoehlesaid.Recently,19-year-oldJordanMorrowreceivedherwishtoattendaTaylorSwiftconcertaspartofatriptoLosAngeles.ForMorrow,whohasspentthelastyearbattlingbraincancer,goingtotheconcerthasdonemorethanliftherspirits.“Ithinkit’ssomethingtogetmethroughwhatevercomesmyway,”shesaid.“AndI’mthankfulforNik’sWishforthat.”Inthe11yearssinceNikpassedaway,theorganizationhasgrantedmorethan300wishesacrossmorethan30states.Inthebeginning,KelliBoehlesaysshewasn’tsureshecouldbeawishmakerandworkcloselywiththeyoungadults.Butnow,it’sherfavoritethingtodo.4.WhatisthegoalofNik’sWish?A.Tomakecommercialprofits. B.Tocuretheyouthoftheircancer.C.Toeaseyoungpatientsofpains. D.Tosupportyoungadultsfightingcancer.5.WhichwordbestdescribesKelliBoehle?A.Intelligent. B.Selfless. C.Straightforward. D.Ambitious.6.WhatcanwelearnfromJordanMorrow’swords?A.Shesurvivedthedeadlydisease. B.Shewasgrantedmorethanonewish.C.Shewasmotivatedbytheorganization. D.Sheliftedpeople’sspiritsbyperforming.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Pay-It-Forward:AMother’sLastWishB.CancerBattles:StoriesofHopeandPerseveranceC.Nik’sWish:FulfillingWishesforYoungCancerFightersD.Make-A-WishFoundation:GrantingDreamstoYoungAdults【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了KelliBoehle創(chuàng)辦非盈利組織Nik’sWish，幫助與癌癥作斗爭(zhēng)的年輕人實(shí)現(xiàn)愿望的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“In2012,KelliBoehlestartedNik’sWish.Thenonprofitgrantswishestoyoungadultsbetweentheagesof18and24whoarebattlingcancer.(2012年，KelliBoehle創(chuàng)辦了Nik’sWish。這家非營(yíng)利組織向年齡在18到24歲之間與癌癥作斗爭(zhēng)的年輕人提供愿望。)”可知，這個(gè)組織的目標(biāo)是支持年輕人對(duì)抗癌癥。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ThenightbeforeNikpassedaway,heaskedhismothertohelpensurethatyoungadultsfightingcancercouldhavetheirwishescometruetoo.(尼克去世的前一晚，他請(qǐng)求母親幫助確保那些與癌癥作斗爭(zhēng)的年輕人也能實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的愿望。)”和文章第四段““Itwaslikeaseedheplantedthatjustwouldn’tstopcomingintomymind,”shesaid.In2012,KelliBoehlestartedNik’sWish.Thenonprofitgrantswishestoyoungadultsbetweentheagesof18and24whoarebattlingcancer.(“這就像他種下的一顆種子，一直縈繞在我的腦海里，”她說(shuō)。2012年，KelliBoehle創(chuàng)辦了Nik’sWish。這家非營(yíng)利組織向年齡在18到24歲之間與癌癥作斗爭(zhēng)的年輕人提供愿望。)”可知，KelliBoehle創(chuàng)辦非盈利組織，幫助與癌癥作斗爭(zhēng)的年輕人，由此可推知，她是無(wú)私的。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“ForMorrow,whohasspentthelastyearbattlingbraincancer,goingtotheconcerthasdonemorethanliftherspirits.“Ithinkit’ssomethingtogetmethroughwhatevercomesmyway,”shesaid.“AndI’mthankfulforNik’sWishforthat.”(對(duì)莫羅來(lái)說(shuō)，去年她一直在與腦癌作斗爭(zhēng)，去聽(tīng)音樂(lè)會(huì)不僅僅是提振了她的精神。她說(shuō):“我認(rèn)為這是一種讓我度過(guò)難關(guān)的東西?！薄拔液芨兄x尼克的愿望?！?”可推知，從JordanMorrow的話中，我們可以知道她受到組織的激勵(lì)。故選C。7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第四段“In2012,KelliBoehlestartedNik’sWish.Thenonprofitgrantswishestoyoungadultsbetweentheagesof18and24whoarebattlingcancer.(2012年，KelliBoehle創(chuàng)辦了Nik’sWish。這家非營(yíng)利組織向年齡在18到24歲之間與癌癥作斗爭(zhēng)的年輕人提供愿望。)”可知，文章主要講述了文章講述了KelliBoehle創(chuàng)辦非盈利組織Nik’sWish，幫助與癌癥作斗爭(zhēng)的年輕人實(shí)現(xiàn)愿望的故事。故選C。CUrbanagriculture,thepracticeoffarmingwithintherestrictionsofacity,isbecomingincreasinglypopularandisviewedasasustainablealternativetobigindustrialfarms.Bysomeestimates,between20%and30%oftheglobalurbanpopulationengagesinsomeformofurbanagriculture.Butuntilrecently,itscarbonfootprintremainsunderstudied.Usingdatafrom73low-techcityfarms,communitygardensandpersonalplotsofland,Newellandhisteamcomparedtheaveragecarbonemissionsoffoodproducedatlow-techurbanagriculturesitestothoseofconventionallygrowncrops.Theteamfoundthatbecauseofurbangardens’relativelylowyields,alongwiththeenergyusedinconstructingtheplantingbeds,big-cityspuds(馬鈴薯)weresignificantlymorecarbon-intensivethancommerciallygrownones.Thisheldtrueevenwhentheresearchersfactoredinemissionsfromtransportingcommerciallygrownproducetooftendistantgrocerystores.Thatdoesn’tmeanthatgrowingvegetablesinbigcitiesistotallybad,however.“Urbanfarmingisgreat,”ifimperfect,saysCarolaGrebitus,afoodchoiceexpert.Itcanbeapowerfultoolforjobcreationandeducation,shesays,andagoodwaytointroducefreshproducetourban“fooddeserts”wherehealthyfruitsandvegetablesarehardtocomeby.Communitygardenscanalsoprovideaplacetoconnectwithnature,andtheaddedgreenspacecanreducetherisksofheatandflooding.Consciousofthesebenefits,Newell’steamhighlightedseveralwaystomakeurbanagriculturemoresustainable.Oneoptionistobeselectiveaboutwhatcropsaregrown.Forinstance,tomatoesgrowninthesoilofopen-airurbanplotshadalowercarbonintensitythantomatoesgrowninconventionalgreenhouses.Anotherstrategyistorelyonexistingconstructions.Includeoldstructuresintoanewgarden’sdesigninsteadoftakingdownoldbuildings.Finally,takethelocalclimate,waterqualityandsoilintoaccount.Growingplantsthatareill-suitedtoanarearequiresmorewater,energyandpesticides(殺蟲(chóng)劑),allofwhichaffecttheenvironment.8.Whatcanweknowabouturbanagriculturefromparagraph1?A.Itisthoroughlyresearched. B.Itiswelcomedbycitypeople.C.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly. D.Itislimitedtoindustrialfarms.9.Howdoestheauthorexplainthereasonforurbanagriculture’shighercarbonintensity?A.Bymakingacomparison. B.Bytellingastory.C.Bygivingadefinition. D.Byusingaquote.10.AccordingtoCarola,whatisabenefitofurbanagriculture?A.Itaddsvarietytourbanpeople’sdiet. B.Itprovidesrecreationalopportunities.C.Itstrengthensthebondsofcommunity. D.Ithelpstocontaindroughtandflooding.11.Whatisrecommendedtomakeurbanagriculturemoresustainable?A.Reconstructinggardens. B.Developinggreenhousecrops.C.Selectingpesticide-freevegetables. D.Growingplantssuitedtolocalconditions.【答案】8B9.A10.A11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了城市農(nóng)業(yè)受歡迎，其缺點(diǎn)和優(yōu)點(diǎn)以及確保城市農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)性的策略?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Urbanagriculture,thepracticeoffarmingwithintherestrictionsofacity,isbecomingincreasinglypopularandisviewedasasustainablealternativetobigindustrialfarms.Bysomeestimates,between20%and30%oftheglobalurbanpopulationengagesinsomeformofurbanagriculture.(城市農(nóng)業(yè)，即在城市范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行耕作的做法，正變得越來(lái)越受歡迎，并被視為大型工業(yè)化農(nóng)場(chǎng)的可持續(xù)替代品。據(jù)估計(jì)，全球20%至30%的城市人口從事某種形式的都市農(nóng)業(yè)。)”可知，從第一段我們可以知道城市農(nóng)業(yè)受到城市居民的歡迎。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Usingdatafrom73low-techcityfarms,communitygardensandpersonalplotsofland,Newellandhisteamcomparedtheaveragecarbonemissionsoffoodproducedatlow-techurbanagriculturesitestothoseofconventionallygrowncrops.(利用73個(gè)低技術(shù)含量的城市農(nóng)場(chǎng)、社區(qū)花園和個(gè)人土地的數(shù)據(jù)，Newell和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)比較了低技術(shù)含量的城市農(nóng)業(yè)場(chǎng)所生產(chǎn)的食物的平均碳排放量與傳統(tǒng)種植的作物的碳排放量。)”可推知，作者通過(guò)作比較的方法來(lái)解釋城市農(nóng)業(yè)碳強(qiáng)度較高的原因。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段““Urbanfarmingisgreat,”ifimperfect,saysCarolaGrebitus,afoodchoiceexpert.Itcanbeapowerfultoolforjobcreationandeducation,shesays,andagoodwaytointroducefreshproducetourban“fooddeserts”wherehealthyfruitsandvegetablesarehardtocomeby.(食物選擇專(zhuān)家卡羅拉·格里比特斯(CarolaGrebitus)說(shuō)，“城市農(nóng)業(yè)很好，”雖然不完美。她說(shuō)，這可以成為創(chuàng)造就業(yè)和教育的有力工具，也是向難以獲得健康水果和蔬菜的城市“食物沙漠”引入新鮮農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的好方法。)”可推知，城市農(nóng)業(yè)的好處之一是它增加了城市居民飲食的多樣性。故選A?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Finally,takethelocalclimate,waterqualityandsoilintoaccount.Growingplantsthatareill-suitedtoanarearequiresmorewater,energyandpesticides(殺蟲(chóng)劑),

allofwhichaffecttheenvironment.(最后，要考慮當(dāng)?shù)氐臍夂?、水質(zhì)和土壤。種植不適合某一地區(qū)的植物需要更多的水、能源和殺蟲(chóng)劑，所有這些都會(huì)影響環(huán)境)”可知，文章建議種植適合當(dāng)?shù)貤l件的植物，這樣可以使城市農(nóng)業(yè)更加可持續(xù)發(fā)展。故選D。DOurspecies’incrediblecapacitytoquicklyacquirewordsfrom300byage2toover1,000byage4isn’tfullyunderstood.Somecognitivescientistsandlinguistshavetheorizedthatpeoplearebornwithbuilt-inexpectationsandlogicalconstraints(約束)thatmakethispossible.Now,however,machine-learningresearchisshowingthatpreprogrammedassumptionsaren’tnecessarytoswiftlypickupwordmeaningsfromminimaldata.Ateamofscientistshassuccessfullytrainedabasicartificialintelligencemodeltomatchimagestowordsusingjust61hoursofnaturalisticfootage(鏡頭)andsound-previouslycollectedfromachildnamedSamin2013and2014.Althoughit’sasmallsliceofachild’slife,itwasapparentlyenoughtoprompttheAItofigureoutwhatcertainwordsmean.Thefindingssuggestthatlanguageacquisitioncouldbesimplerthanpreviouslythought.Maybechildren“don’tneedacustom-built,high-classlanguage-specificmechanism”toefficientlygraspwordmeanings,saysJessicaSullivan,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyatSkidmoreCollege.“Thisisareallybeautifulstudy,”shesays,becauseitoffersevidencethatsimpleinformationfromachild’sworldviewisrichenoughtokick-startpatternrecognitionandwordcomprehension.Thenewstudyalsodemonstratesthatit’spossibleformachinestolearnsimilarlytothewaythathumansdo.Largelanguagemodelsaretrainedonenormousamountsofdatathatcanincludebillionsandsometimestrillionsofwordcombinations.Humansgetbyonordersofmagnitudelessinformation,saysthepaper’sleadauthorWaiKeenVong.Withtherighttypeofdata,thatgapbetweenmachineandhumanlearningcouldnarrowdramatically.Yetadditionalstudyisnecessaryincertainaspectsofthenewresearch.Forone,thescientistsacknowledgethattheirfindingsdon’tprovehowchildrenacquirewords.Moreover,thestudyonlyfocusedonrecognizingthewordsforphysicalobjects.Still,it’sasteptowardadeeperunderstandingofourownmind,whichcanultimatelyhelpusimprovehumaneducation,saysEvaPortelance,acomputationallinguisticsresearcher.ShenotesthatAIresearchcanalsobringclaritytolong-unansweredquestionsaboutourselves.“Wecanusethesemodelsinagoodway,tobenefitscienceandsociety,”P(pán)ortelanceadds.12.Whatisasignificantfindingofmachine-learningresearch?A.Vocabularyincreasesgraduallywithage.B.Vocabularycanbeacquiredfromminimaldata.C.Languageacquisitionistiedtobuilt-inexpectations.D.Languageacquisitionisascomplexasformerlyassumed.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prompt”inparagraph2mean?A.Facilitate. B.Persuade. C.Advise. D.Expect.14.Whatisdiscussedaboutthenewresearchinparagraph5?A.Itslimitations. B.Itsstrengths. C.Itsuniqueness. D.Itsprocess.15.WhatisEvaPortelance’sattitudetotheAIresearch?A.Doubtful. B.Cautious. C.Dismissive. D.Positive.【答案】12.B13.A14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了現(xiàn)在機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)研究表明，要從最少的數(shù)據(jù)中快速獲取單詞的含義，并不需要預(yù)先編程的假設(shè)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Now,however,machine-learningresearchisshowingthatpreprogrammedassumptionsaren’tnecessarytoswiftlypickupwordmeaningsfromminimaldata.(然而，現(xiàn)在機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)研究表明，要從最少的數(shù)據(jù)中快速獲取單詞的含義，并不需要預(yù)先編程的假設(shè)。)”可知，機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)研究的一個(gè)重要發(fā)現(xiàn)是詞匯可以從最小的數(shù)據(jù)中獲得。故選B?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“Ateamofscientistshassuccessfullytrainedabasicartificialintelligencemodeltomatchimagestowordsusingjust61hoursofnaturalisticfootageandsound-previouslycollectedfromachildnamedSamin2013and2014.(一組科學(xué)家已經(jīng)成功地訓(xùn)練了一個(gè)基本的人工智能模型，只需使用61小時(shí)的自然鏡頭和聲音，就能將圖像與文字匹配起來(lái)——這些鏡頭和聲音之前是在2013年和2014年從一個(gè)名叫薩姆的孩子身上收集的。)”可知，雖然只是孩子生活中的一小部分，但顯然足以促使人工智能弄清楚某些單詞的意思。prompt意為“促使”。故選A?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Yetadditionalstudyisnecessaryincertainaspectsofthenewresearch.Forone,thescientistsacknowledgethattheirfindingsdon’tprovehowchildrenacquirewords.Moreover,thestudyonlyfocusedonrecognizingthewordsforphysicalobjects.(然而，在這項(xiàng)新研究的某些方面，還需要進(jìn)一步的研究。首先，科學(xué)家們承認(rèn)，他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)并不能證明兒童是如何習(xí)得詞匯的。此外，這項(xiàng)研究只關(guān)注于識(shí)別實(shí)物的單詞。)”可知，第五段主要講述了這項(xiàng)新研究的局限性。故選A。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“ShenotesthatAIresearchcanalsobringclaritytolong-unansweredquestionsaboutourselves.“Wecanusethesemodelsinagoodway,tobenefitscienceandsociety,”P(pán)ortelanceadds.”(她指出，人工智能研究也可以讓我們自己長(zhǎng)期未解之謎變得清晰?！拔覀兛梢院芎玫乩眠@些模型，造?？茖W(xué)和社會(huì)，”P(pán)ortelance補(bǔ)充說(shuō)。)可推知，EvaPortelance對(duì)人工智能研究的態(tài)度是積極的。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Aroundtheglobe,about1in4adultssaysthey’relonely.Andtheconsequencesoflong-termsocialdisconnectioncanbeeverythingfromanincreasedriskofheartattackstodementia(癡呆).Thefollowingoffersaroadmaptomakeconnections.Becurious.It’seasiertoconnectwithpeopleifyouhavesharedinterestsorexperiences,sostartpayingattentiontowhat’sinyourmind.Whatmotivatesyou?Whatexcitesyou?___16___Ifyouknowwhat’smeaningfulorfunforyou,itmayleadyoutoanactivitythatconnectsyoutoothers.Makesomething.Whenexpertsadvisemakingsomething,peoplewillsay,“Well,I’mnotPicasso.Idon’tknowhowtodoafancypainting.”O(jiān)fcourse,you’renot!___17___Youcantryyourgrandma’spierecipeorplantanherbgardenthatputsyourthoughtsandfeelingsaboutwhoyouareandexpressthosethoughtsandfeelingstoothers.___18___Sharesomethingaboutyourself.Itdoesn’thavetobethedarkestsecretofyourlife,butjustsomethingotherpeoplemightfindinteresting.Puttingyourselfoutthererequiresabitofarisk,andit’sthefirststeptorealconnection.Findagroupthatmatchesyourinterests.Whetherit’svolunteeringforacauseorplayingfrisbee(飛盤(pán)),trytofindotherswhoshareyourinterests.There’sevenanonlinegroupthathasaquirkysharedinterest:afascinationwithbrownbearsinAlaska,whichledtoFatBearWeek.Ininteractionswithothers,youcanbegintorevealyourselfandsharetheuniquethingsthatmattertoyou.___19___Otherpeople’slonelinessmatterstoo.___20___Iflonelinessgounaddressed,peoplecanendupinaworldofhurt.Ifyouseesomeoneexperiencingloneliness,askthemhowthey’redoing.Shareyourownexperienceoflonelinessandhowyougetridofit.Thus,helpingotherscanalsobenefityourself.A.Pouroutyourhardfeelings.B.Lonelinesscanbeinfectious.C.Takeariskbyhavingconversations.D.Youshouldtoleratetheriskofbeinglonely.E.Buttheopportunitiesforcreativeexpressionareendless.F.Knowingyourselfcanbeafirststeptobondingwithothers.G.Then,otherpeoplerecognizethatandsharetheirstoryinreturn.【答案】16.F17.E18.C19.G20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章就如何建立聯(lián)系提出一些建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Ifyouknowwhat’smeaningfulorfunforyou,itmayleadyoutoanactivitythatconnectsyoutoothers.(如果你知道什么對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)是有意義的或有趣的，它可能會(huì)把你帶到一個(gè)把你和其他人聯(lián)系起來(lái)的活動(dòng)中。)”可知，空處應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)的是了解自己對(duì)于建立聯(lián)系的重要性。F項(xiàng)：Knowingyourselfcanbeafirststeptobondingwithothers.(了解自己是與他人建立聯(lián)系的第一步。)符合語(yǔ)境。故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whenexpertsadvisemakingsomething,peoplewillsay,“Well,I’mnotPicasso.Idon’tknowhowtodoafancypainting.”O(jiān)fcourse,you’renot!Youcantryyourgrandma’spierecipeorplantanherbgardenthatputsyourthoughtsandfeelingsaboutwhoyouareandexpressthosethoughtsandfeelingstoothers.(當(dāng)專(zhuān)家建議做點(diǎn)什么的時(shí)候，人們會(huì)說(shuō):“好吧，我又不是畢加索。我不知道怎么畫(huà)一幅花式畫(huà)?！碑?dāng)然，你不是!)”結(jié)合下文“Youcantryyourgrandma’spierecipeorplantanherbgardenthatputsyourthoughtsandfeelingsaboutwhoyouareandexpressthosethoughtsandfeelingstoothers(你可以嘗試奶奶的派食譜或種植一個(gè)香草園，把你對(duì)自己的想法和感受投入其中，并把這些想法和感受表達(dá)給別人。)”可知，此處講述如何進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性的表達(dá)自己，不需要你是畢加索，創(chuàng)造性的表達(dá)機(jī)會(huì)是無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的。E項(xiàng)中的“theopportunitiesforcreativeexpression”和下文的“expressthosethoughtsandfeelingstoothers”對(duì)應(yīng)。E項(xiàng)：Buttheopportunitiesforcreativeexpressionareendless.(但是創(chuàng)造性表達(dá)的機(jī)會(huì)是無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的。)符合語(yǔ)境。故選E?！?8題詳解】空處為段落主題句。根據(jù)下文“Sharesomethingaboutyourself.Itdoesn’thavetobethedarkestsecretofyourlife,butjustsomethingotherpeoplemightfindinteresting.Puttingyourselfoutthererequiresabitofarisk,andit’sthefirststeptorealconnection.(分享一些關(guān)于你自己的事情。它不一定是你生命中最黑暗的秘密，只是一些其他人可能會(huì)覺(jué)得有趣的事情。把自己放在那里需要一點(diǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這是真正建立聯(lián)系的第一步。)”可知，本段建議通過(guò)冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)話來(lái)建立聯(lián)系。C項(xiàng)中的“takearisk”和下文中的“abitofarisk”對(duì)應(yīng)。C項(xiàng)：Takeariskbyhavingconversations.(進(jìn)行冒險(xiǎn)對(duì)話。)符合語(yǔ)境。故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Ininteractionswithothers,youcanbegintorevealyourselfandsharetheuniquethingsthatmattertoyou.(在與他人的互動(dòng)中，你可以開(kāi)始展示自己，分享對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)重要的獨(dú)特之處。)”可知，空處承接上文，指出你在展示自己以后，別人會(huì)做出回應(yīng)，分享他們的故事。G項(xiàng)：Then,otherpeoplerecognizethatandsharetheirstoryinreturn.(然后，其他人認(rèn)識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)，并分享他們的故事作為回報(bào)。)符合語(yǔ)境。故選G?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)本段主題句“Otherpeople’slonelinessmatterstoo.(其他人的孤獨(dú)也很重要。)”可知，本段的關(guān)鍵詞是“l(fā)oneliness”。B項(xiàng)：Lonelinesscanbeinfectious.(孤獨(dú)有時(shí)候是會(huì)傳染的。)符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Asawriter,Imissrejectionslips.NotthatIenjoyedreceivingthosepre-printedslipsofpaper,butatleastwhenIgotone,Iwasprettysurethataflesh-and-blood___21___hadputitintheenvelope.AndtherewasalwaysthechanceImightseeahandwrittensentenceonthebottom,___22___thepiecealmostmadeit.WhenaneditoratMcCall’swrote,“I’mafraidIhavetosaynoonthis___23___piece,buttrymeagainonanother,wouldyou?”Itwasalmostas___24___tomeasifshehadsaid,“We’ll___25___itandhereisanadvanceforyou”.Nowadays,rejectionslipsseemtohavedisappearedwiththeuseofonlinesubmissions.Mosteditorsdon’tfeelitamustto___26___theyhavereceived,read,orconsideredyourworkbecausetheyreceivesomany___27___eachday.Forme,therearethree___28___ofrejectionslippain.Thefirstis___29___broughtonbyfindingaflat“no”ona____30____pieceofpaper,thenfollowedbyanger(howcouldthey____31____apiecethatisobviouslysomuch____32____thanmostofthestufftheyprint),and,finally,rebirth:Iwillliveto____33____anewpieceanotherday.Learningto____34____rejectionseemslikepartofgrowingupasawriter.DespitethemanylettersofacceptanceIhavereceived,myfolderof“NoteworthyRejectionSlips”isfar____35____thanthatof“NoteworthyAcceptances”,whichindicatestomethefact:Istillhavesomegrowinguptodo.21.A.writer B.reader C.mailman D.editor22.A.demanding B.indicating C.suspecting D.arguing23.A.boring B.novel C.lengthy D.particular24.A.thrilling B.upsetting C.embarrassing D.amusing25.A.buy B.reject C.check D.substitute26.A.prove B.determine C.explain D.acknowledge27.A.proposals B.drafts C.contributions D.instructions28.A.meanings B.stages C.wonders D.rewards29.A.relief B.frustration C.anger D.hesitation30.A.valueless B.expensive C.characterless D.shiny31.A.makeup B.putaway C.turndown D.insiston32.A.easier B.better C.shorter D.longer33.A.print B.revise C.download D.submit34.A.accept B.criticize C.judge D.evaluate35.A.thinner B.fatter C.older D.newer【答案】21.D22.B23.D24.C25.A26.D27.C28.B29.B30.C31.C32.B33.D34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了作者作為一名作家，對(duì)于自己的投稿被拒絕的一些感悟。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：并不是說(shuō)我喜歡收到那些預(yù)先打印好的紙條，但至少當(dāng)我收到一張紙條時(shí)，我很確定是一個(gè)有血有肉的編輯放在信封里的。A.writer作家；B.reader讀者；C.mailman郵遞員；D.editor編輯。根據(jù)下文“WhenaneditoratMcCall’swrote”可知，此處指的是編輯。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我總是有可能在底部看到一個(gè)手寫(xiě)的句子，表明這篇文章幾乎成功了。A.demanding要求；B.indicating表明；C.suspecting懷疑；D.arguing爭(zhēng)論。根據(jù)“Imightseeahandwrittensentenceonthebottom”可知，編輯留下的句子表明這篇文章幾乎快要成功了。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：McCall的一位編輯寫(xiě)道：“恐怕我不得不拒絕這篇特殊的文章，但請(qǐng)?jiān)僭囈辉嚵硪黄脝?？”A.boring無(wú)聊的；B.novel新穎的；C.lengthy冗長(zhǎng)的；D.particular特殊的。根據(jù)“b