課件英語(yǔ)必修三Unit3Developingideas

Unit3TheworldofscienceBYMICHELLEDevelopingideasLead-in:Whatcanyougetfromthevideo?GalileoExperimentsontheLeaningTowerofPisaNewtonGravityPre-reading:Whatdoyouknowabouthim?BenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)wasoneoftheFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStatesandhelpeddrafttheDeclarationofIndependence.Apartfrombeingasuccessfulstatesman,hewasalsowellknownasaleadingAmericanauthor,printerandpublisher,successfuldiplomat,creativescientistandinventor.美國(guó)的開(kāi)國(guó)元?jiǎng)字徽渭易骷矣∷⑸坛霭嫔贪l(fā)明家外交官科學(xué)家起草《獨(dú)立宣言》Toencouragereaderstoquestionthisexperiment.ReadingTip:Werecognizethepurposebyreadingthetitle,firstparagraphandlastparagraph.Pre-reading:Whatisthefunctionofthequestionmark?明確的隱含的While-reading:ReadthepassageandfindoutwhatFranklin'sexperimentaimedtoprove.Franklin'sexperimentaimedtoprovethatlightningwasaformofelectricity.While-reading:Readandmatchthemainideas.Paragraph1

A.Questioningacceptedideas.Paragraph2B.

Benefitsofthestoriesaboutexploringscience.Paragraph3 C.BenjaminFranklin’sfamousexperiment.Paragraph4 D.Summingupthethemethetext.Paragraph5E.Introductionofthethemeofthetext.Paragraph6F.Noteverythingabouttheexperimentistrue.While-reading:Readandfillintheexperimentreport.AimMaterialsResultProcedures?ExperimentReportToproveiflighteningwasreallyproducedbyelectricityorsomethingelse.Akitewithastringandametalkey.Lightningwasaformofelectricity.Aflashoflightninghitthekite.Electricitywasconductedtothekey.Franklingotanelectricshock.Franklintouchedthekey.Franklinraisedthekite.12341Readandretelltheexperiment.234Heraised

the

kite

with

a

piece

of

string

tied

to

it.

Ametal

key

was

attached

to

the

string.

A

flash

oflightning

hit

the

kite,

and

electricity

was

conductedthrough

the

string

to

the

key.

Franklin

thentouchedthe

key

with

his

finger

and

got

an

electricshock.While-reading:WhatinspirationcanwegetfromFranklin’sexperiment?Weareinspiredbyhis_____________andhis_________________________________________________.Healsotaughtus_________________________________________________.

braveryscientificapproachtolookingforthetruththeimportanceofscientificexperimentsWhile-reading:

Whatmakesthisexperimentnotscientific?Humanscan’twithstandlightning.Franklintouchedthekey.Franklincouldn’thavetouchedthekey.＋=WhatthetextsaysWhatweknowAninference?ReadingTip:Makeaninferencetodiscoveruntoldinformation.lightningflash:300millionVoltshousehold:120Voltstouchedthe

keygotanelectricshockwasconductedthroughthestringraisedthekitehitthekiteHowmuchistrue?touchedthe

keyNot100%true?While-reading:

Whyisquestioningsoimportanttoscientists?Scientistsoftenquestionacceptedideasbecausetheywanttoestablishthefacts.SomehaveevenquestionedthestoryabouttheapplethatfellonNewton’sheadandledhimtocomeupwithhistheoryofgravity.Infact,morethanoneaccountsuggeststhatwhileNewtonwascertainlyinspiredbyafallingapple,thereisnoproofthatithitthemonthehead.acceptedideasquestionfactsScientistsquestionacceptedideasto________________________________.establishfacts.Numberthestatementstoshowhowpeople'sattitudestowardsFranklin'sexperimenthavechanged.Franklin'sspiritofscientificexplorationisstillconsideredaninspiration.PeopleareamazedatandinspiredbyFranklin'sexperiment.ScientistsquestionwhatreallyhappenedinFranklin'sexperiment.213Post-reading:Think&Share1.DoyouthinkitmattersthatFranklin'sexperimentmightnotbetrue?Why?No.Althoughitmightnotbetrue,wearestillinspiredbyhisspiritofscientificexploration.Yes.Inscience,factsshouldbemoreimportantthanfiction.Post-reading:Think&Share2.Whatisyouropinionaboutthestatement“...Weshouldnotalwaysbelieveeverythingwereadorhear-evenifitisagoodstory?Ithinkthestatementisright.Fromascientificstandpoint,peopleshouldsticktothefactsandthefactsshouldbeprovedbyexperimentsandresearch.Agreatstoryisfictionwhichisoftenmoreinterestingthanthetruth.Post-reading:Think&Share3.Whatqualitiesdoyouthinkagreatscientistshouldhave?Agreatscientistshouldhavemorethanonegoodquality,suchasbeingsmart,intelligent,honest,objective,persistent,brave,creative,andimaginative...Post-reading:Think&Share4.Inwhatwaysdoscientistscontributetosociety?Firstly,scientificdiscoveriespromotethedevelopmentofoursociety.Secondly,thecontributionsofscientistsinmedicineextendourlifespan.Thirdly,scientistshaveinventedalotofsurprisingtoolsthatfundamentallyimproveourlivingstandards.Workingroups.Explainyourunderstandingofthesaying“Seeingisbelieving”,andthengiveatalkaboutit.Youmayuseinformationinthepassageasexamples.Makenotesaboutyourunderstandingofthesayingandlistsupportingdetails.Organiseyourtalkfollowingthestepsbelow.Startyourtalkbyexplaininghowyouunderstandthissaying.Explainwhyyouthinkthisway.Usethenotesyouhavemadetosupportyourideas.Endyourtalkbysummarisingyourpoints.Giveyourtalktotheclass.LanguagepointsBenjaminFranklin(1706-1790)wasoneoftheFoundingFathersoftheUnitedStatesandhelpeddrafttheDeclarationofIndependenceandtheUSConstitution.本杰明·富蘭克林(1706—1790)是美國(guó)的開(kāi)國(guó)元?jiǎng)字?并幫助起草了《獨(dú)立宣言》和美國(guó)憲法?！鬱eclaration

n.聲明,宣告;申報(bào);申報(bào)單,聲明書(shū)【詞匯拓展】declarevt.

宣布;聲明;表明;宣稱

declarationof... 宣告……declarefor/against表示贊成/反對(duì)……declarewar(on/against) (向……)宣戰(zhàn)LanguagepointsBenjaminFranklin’sfamousexperimentwithlightninghasintroducedgenerationsofchildrentoscience.本杰明·富蘭克林的有名的閃電實(shí)驗(yàn)讓一代代的孩子們了解了科學(xué)?！鬳xperiment

n.實(shí)驗(yàn)v.實(shí)驗(yàn)【詞匯拓展】experimentin做……方面的實(shí)驗(yàn)experimenton

在……上做實(shí)驗(yàn)experimentwith 以/用……做實(shí)驗(yàn)Don’texperiment

withsuchdangerousdrugs.不要用這種危險(xiǎn)的藥物做實(shí)驗(yàn)。LanguagepointsAmetalkeywasattachedtothestring.一把金屬鑰匙被綁在了繩子上?！鬭ttachv.系上;(使)與……有聯(lián)系;認(rèn)為……重要;把……附在……上【詞匯拓展】attach...to...將……附在……attachimportance/significance/valueto..認(rèn)為……有重要性/意義/價(jià)值(to為介詞)attachedadj.

依戀的;附屬的;喜歡的beattachedto喜歡;依附于;隸屬于Society,schoolsandfamiliesshouldattachgreatimportance

tohardshipeducationforallstudents.社會(huì)、學(xué)校和家庭都應(yīng)該重視對(duì)全體學(xué)生的艱苦教育。LanguagepointsAflashoflightninghitthekite,andelectricitywasconductedthroughthestringtothekey.一道閃電擊中了風(fēng)箏,電通過(guò)繩子傳到了鑰匙上。◆conductv.傳導(dǎo)(熱、電);實(shí)施;進(jìn)行;指揮;引導(dǎo)n.行為;舉止;管理【詞匯拓展】conductorn.

(樂(lè)隊(duì)等)指揮;列車長(zhǎng);售票員conductionn.

傳導(dǎo)bad/goodconduct 惡劣的行為/良好的行為undertheconductof 在……指導(dǎo)/管理下conductoneself 做人Thecoreofeducationistosolvetheproblemofhowtoconductoneself.UndertheconductofourEnglishteacher,ourEnglishscoreshaveimprovedrapidly.【遷移應(yīng)用】翻譯句子(1)教育的核心是解決如何做人的問(wèn)題。(2)在英語(yǔ)老師的指導(dǎo)下,我們的英語(yǔ)成績(jī)迅速提高。LanguagepointsButscientistsallagreethatifFranklinhadactuallytouchedthekey,hewouldcertainlyhavedied

fromtheelectricshock.但是科學(xué)家們都認(rèn)為如果富蘭克林真接觸了鑰匙,他肯定早就死于電擊了。◆diefrom

死于diefrom由外部原因造成的死亡dieof用于死因存在于人身體之內(nèi)【詞匯拓展】dieaway(尤指聲音、光、風(fēng))逐漸消失,停止;自行消失dieout 滅絕,消失from

of

away

out【遷移應(yīng)用】用適當(dāng)?shù)慕?副詞填空(1)Manyvillagersdieeveryyear

snakebites.

(2)Theanimalsdied

starvationinthesnow.

(3)Thesoundofthecardied

inthedistance.

(4)Manyoldcustomsaredying

.

LanguagepointsBut

scientists

all

agree

that

if

Franklin

had

actually

touched

the

key,he

would

certainly

have

died

from

the

electric

shock.但是科學(xué)家們都認(rèn)為如果富蘭克林真接觸了鑰匙,他肯定早就死于電擊了?！揪涫狡饰觥縜gree后面是that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句中包含了if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況進(jìn)行不切實(shí)際的假設(shè)。表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí),條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“had+過(guò)去分詞”,主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might+have+過(guò)去分詞”。Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’thavefailedintheexamination.假若你聽(tīng)從我的建議,你就不會(huì)考試不及格了。Languagepoints【句式拓展】(1)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí),條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be的過(guò)去式通常用were),主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。(2)表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)時(shí),條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“wereto/should+動(dòng)詞原形”,或用一般過(guò)去時(shí),主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。(3)當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí),通常被稱為“錯(cuò)綜虛擬語(yǔ)氣”;動(dòng)詞的形式要依據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。Languagepoints(4)在條件句中,可以省略if,把系動(dòng)詞were、助動(dòng)詞had或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should提到句首,成為倒裝句式。(5)有時(shí),虛擬語(yǔ)氣中并不出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句,而用其他形式(比如without,butfor)來(lái)代替條件句,通常稱之為“含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣”。had

wouldbeIf

hadknown【遷移應(yīng)用】單句填空(1)IfI

(have)alotofmoney,Iwouldbuyabighousewithaswimmingpool.

(2)Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,he

(be)ascientistnow.

(3)

hehadnothurthisleg,Johnwouldhavewontherace.

(4)Stevesaidthatifhe

(know)howitworked,hewouldhavetoldmewhattodo.

LanguagepointsSomehaveevenquestionedthestoryabouttheapplethatfellonNewton’sheadandledhimtocome

up

withhistheoryofgravity.

有些人甚至質(zhì)疑那個(gè)蘋(píng)果的故事,故事中,蘋(píng)果砸中了牛頓的頭,從而促使他提出了他的重力理論?！鬰omeupwith

提出【詞匯拓展】comeup

走近;上來(lái);發(fā)芽;發(fā)生;被提出comeabout發(fā)生comeacross穿過(guò)(路、橋);(偶然)遇見(jiàn);發(fā)現(xiàn)comeout 出來(lái);(書(shū)等)出版cometo蘇醒;總計(jì);達(dá)到;談到whenitcomesto... 當(dāng)談到……with

across

up【遷移應(yīng)用】用適當(dāng)?shù)慕?副詞填空(1)Noonehascomeup

aconvincingexplanationofwhydinosaursdiedout.

(2)Whenwalkingdownthestreet,Icame

DavidwhoIhadn’tseenforyears.

(3)Assoonastheprojectcame

atthemeeting,itattractedmanypeople’sattention.

LanguagepointsInfact,morethanoneaccountsuggeststhatwhileNewtonwascertainlyinspiredbyafallingapple,thereisnoproofthatithithimonthehead.

事實(shí)上,不止一種說(shuō)法表明,雖然牛頓的靈感確實(shí)來(lái)自一個(gè)掉落的蘋(píng)果,但沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明它擊中了他的頭部?！鬭ccount

n.論述,描述;賬戶;賬目;考慮v.認(rèn)為,看作;解釋,說(shuō)明【詞匯拓展】accountantn.會(huì)計(jì);會(huì)計(jì)師keepanaccountof記錄onaccountof因?yàn)?由于takeaccountof/oaccount考慮onnoaccount 絕不accountfor 說(shuō)明/解釋……的原因;(數(shù)量、比例上)占accountsforOnnoaccountcantakeaccountof【遷移應(yīng)用】完成句子(1)缺錢是她輟學(xué)的原因。Lackofmoney

herdiscontinuingherstudies.

(2)你絕不能向任何人提我的名字。

youmentionmynametoanyone.

(3)在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),我們必須考慮到許多因素。Indevelopingadesign,wemust

manyfactors.

In

fact,more

than

one

account

suggests

that

while

Newton

was

certainly

inspired

by

a

falling

apple,there

is

no

proof

that

it

hit

him

on

the

head.事實(shí)上,不止一種說(shuō)法表明,雖然牛頓的靈感確實(shí)來(lái)自一個(gè)掉落的蘋(píng)果,但沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明它擊中了他的頭部?！揪涫狡饰觥縮uggests后面是that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,在從句中包含了while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和that(第二個(gè))引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。while在此處意為“雖然;盡管”,表示讓步,相當(dāng)于although,通常位于句首。While/AlthoughIadmithisgoodpoints,Icanseehisshortcomings.雖然我承認(rèn)他的優(yōu)點(diǎn),但我還是能看到他的缺點(diǎn)。LanguagepointsLanguagepoints【句式拓展】while作連詞的用法:(1)while意為“而,然而”,作并列連詞用,表示前后兩者的對(duì)比。(2)while意為“只要”,表示條件。(3)while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,從句中的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一般是持續(xù)性的。(4)while從句中的省略。當(dāng)while從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致,且含有be動(dòng)詞的某種形式時(shí),從句中的主語(yǔ)連同be動(dòng)詞可同時(shí)省略。【遷移應(yīng)用】翻譯句子(1)I’dliketostudylawatuniversitywhilemycousinprefersgeography.(2)WhileIreallydon’tlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.(3)Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.(4)WhileinSpain,Iexperiencedalotofstrangecustoms.我想在大學(xué)學(xué)法律,而我的表哥喜歡地理。

盡管我的確不喜歡藝術(shù),但我覺(jué)得他的作品讓人印象深刻。

別人在工作時(shí),請(qǐng)不要高聲談話。

在西班牙的時(shí)候,我體驗(yàn)過(guò)很多奇怪的習(xí)俗。

WritinganexperimentreportReadtheinstructionsfortheexperimentandanswerthequestions.1.Whatdoyouthinktheresultsofthisexperimentwillbe?2.Whatcanyoulearnfromthisexperiment?1.Whatdoyouthinktheresultsofthisexperimentwillbe?Theeggwillsqueezeintothebottle.2.Whatcanyoulearnfromthisexperiment?Theexperimentshowsustheeffectsofairpressure.Airpressureindeedexists,anditisverypowerful.Check

the

answersWatchEgginaBottleExperimentCompletetheboxeswiththeinformationinActivity5.Dofurtherresearchifnecessary.provewhetherairpressurereallyexistsCompletetheboxeswiththeinformationinActivity5.Dofurtherresearchifnecessary.aboiledegg,aglassbottlewhoseneckisabitsmallerthantheegg,andsomehotwaterFirst,Iremovedtheshelloftheegg.Then,Icarefullypouredsomehotwaterintothebottle,andshookthebottlegently.Afterafewminutes,Ipouredoutthehotwater.Justatthesametime,IquicklyplacedtheeggontopofthebottleCompletetheboxeswiththeinformationinActivity5.Dofurtherresearchifnecessary.airpressureindeedexists,anditisverypowerful.ItistheforceoftheairthatpushedtheeggintothebottleSummaryThree

partsIntroductionIntroducetheaimoftheexperiment.MainbodyDescribethematerialsusedintheexperimentandexplaintheprocedures.ConclusionReporttheresultsandwhatyouhavelearnt.Theexperimentisdesigned/aimedto...Iprepared...,including...First...,then...,after...Aftertheexperiment,Icandrawaconclusionthat...UsefulexpressionsNowwriteareportoftheexperiment.ReferenceTextTheexperimentisdesignedtoprovewhetherairpressurereallyexists.

Atthebeginningoftheexperiment,Ipreparedthematerials,includingaboiledegg,aglassbottlewhos