2018屆高考英語(yǔ)第二輪知識(shí)點(diǎn)隨堂鞏固訓(xùn)練8

閱讀理解板塊練(四)A(2017·武漢市高中畢業(yè)生調(diào)研測(cè)試)ElonMuskwasborninSouthAfrica,in1971.Acrazyfanofcomputers,bytheageoftwelve,Muskhadwrittenthecode(代碼)forhisownvideogame,whichhesoldforaprofit.HeattendedQueen’sUniversityinCanada,andtransferred(轉(zhuǎn)到)totheUniversityofPennsylvania,whereheearnedtwobachelor’sdegrees,economicsandphysics.HewasadmittedtoStanfordUniversityinCalifornia,intendingtoearnaPhDinenergyphysics.FirstCompany—Zip2CorporationIn1995,attheageof24,MuskdroppedoutofStanfordUniversityafterjusttwodaysofclassestostarthisfirstcompanyZip2Corporation.ItwasanonlinecityguidethatprovidedcontentforthenewonlineversionsofTheNewYorkTimesandtheChicagoTribunenewspapers.In1999,Muskgot$22millionfromthesaleofZip2.OnlineBankingIn1999,ElonMuskstartedX．comwith$10milliondollarsfromthesaleofZip2.X.comwasanonlinebank,andhewascreditedwithinventingamethodofsecurelytransferringmoneyusingareceiver’se-mailaddress.PayPalIn2000,X．comboughtacompanycalledConfinity,whichhadstartedanInternetmoney-transferprocesscalledPayPal.ElonMuskdroppedtheonlinebankingfocustoconcentrateonbecomingaglobalpaymenttransferprovider.In2002,eBayboughtPayPalfor$1.5billion.SpaceExplorationTechnologiesIn2002,ElonMuskstartedSpaceX.Heisalong-standingmemberoftheMarsSociety,anon-profitorganizationthatsupportstheexplorationofMars,andMuskisinterestedinbuildingagreenhouseonMars.SpaceXhasbeendevelopingrockettechnologiestoenableMusk’sproject.TeslaMotorsIn2004,ElonMuskcofoundedTeslaMotors,ofwhichheistheonlyproductarchitect.TeslaMotorsbuildselectricvehicles.Thecompanyhasbuiltanelectricsportscar,theTeslaRoadster.SolarCityIn2006,ElonMuskcofoundedSolarCity,aphotovoltaic(光電的)productsandservicescompanywithhiscousinLyndonRive.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了埃隆·馬斯克的人生經(jīng)歷和偉大成就。)1．WhatwasElonMuskgiftedinwhenhewasyoung?A．Economics. B．Physics.C．Energy. D．Coding.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Acrazyfanofcomputers,bytheageoftwelve,Muskhadwrittenthecode(代碼)forhisownvideogame,whichhesoldforaprofit.”可知，Musk是一位瘋狂的電腦迷，十二歲時(shí)他就為自己的視頻游戲?qū)懘a并獲利了；據(jù)此可知，他小時(shí)候就有寫(xiě)代碼的天賦，故D項(xiàng)正確。2．Whichofthefollowingprovidesinternationalpaymenttransferservice?A．X.com. B．Confinity.C．PayPal. D．eBay.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PayPal部分，尤其是該部分的第二句“ElonMuskdroppedtheonlinebankingfocustoconcentrateonbecomingaglobalpaymenttransferprovider.”可知，PayPal提供國(guó)際轉(zhuǎn)賬支付服務(wù)，故C項(xiàng)正確。3．WhathasSpaceXbeendoingtohelpachieveMusk’sproject?A．SponsoringtheMarsSociety.B．Developingrockettechnologies.C．BuildingagreenhouseonMars.D．SupportingtheexplorationofMars.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SpaceExplorationTechnologies部分的“SpaceXhasbeendevelopingrockettechnologiestoenableMusk’sproject.”可知，SpaceX一直在研究開(kāi)發(fā)火箭技術(shù)，幫助Musk實(shí)現(xiàn)他的項(xiàng)目(目標(biāo))，故B項(xiàng)正確。4．WhatisTeslaMotorsnotedfor?A．Itselectricvehicles.B．Itsphotovoltaicproducts.C．Itsserviceasacitytouristguide.D．Itsbusinesswithothercompanies.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TeslaMotors部分，尤其是該部分的第二句“TeslaMotorsbuildselectricvehicles.”可知，TeslaMotors是生產(chǎn)電動(dòng)汽車的公司，故A項(xiàng)正確。B(2017·河北衡水中學(xué)高三一調(diào)考試)AWaytoMakeYourOld,SlowComputerLike-NewAgainIsyourcomputerpainfullyslow?Haveyouconsideredbuyinganewfastercomputerbutthepriceofevenabasiconediscouragesyou?Well,fortunately,there’sanewdevicethathasrecentlyhitthemarketandit’sabsolutelygivingold,slowcomputerslightningfastspeedagain.Theclevernewdeviceissavingpeoplehundreds(eventhousands)butthebigcomputercompaniesaren’thappyaboutit!*WhatIsIt?It’scalledXtra-PCandifyouhaveanold,slowcomputer,itisexactlywhatyou’vebeenwaitingfor.Xtra-PCisasmallthumbdriveyousimplyplugintoyourcomputer’sUSBportanditinstantlytransformsyouroldcomputertoalike-newone.Itworkswithanycomputer(MacorWindows)laptop,desktop,andnetbookmadein2004orlater.*HowDoesItWork?Supereasy!Allyouhavetodois...*PlugItIn—SimplyplugXtra-PCintoaUSBportwhileyourcomputeristurnedoff.*TurnYourComputerOn—SelectBootfromUSBandbingo,you’regoodtogo.*EnjoytheNewPC—Inlessthan15minutes,you’llbeshockedatthedifferenceintheperformanceofyourcomputer.*WhatCanIDowithMyLike-NewComputer?*Surftheweb*Shareonsocialmedia*Writeemails*Watchvideos*Playgames*Safelyshoponline*Andmore!*HowMuchIsThisGoingtoCostMe?Thisisnotajoke.Xtra-PCisonly$24.99!Andtheyoffera30-daymoneybackguarantee.TherehonestlyisnogoodreasonnottotryXtra-PC.YoucangetXtra-PCdirectfromthecompany’swebsite.Makesuretobuyitfromtheofficialsiteastherearemanyknockoffsonthemarkettoday.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文主要介紹了一款讓老而慢的電腦煥然一新的設(shè)備。)5．ThebigcomputercompaniesareunhappywithXtra-PCmainlybecause________.A．peoplewillneverbuyanycomputerB．itwillprobablyaffecttheirprofitsC．itmakescomputersfasterandmoreaffordableD．it’sanewtypeofcomputerwithcreativedesign解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一部分的最后一句“Theclevernewdeviceissavingpeoplehundreds(eventhousands)butthebigcomputercompaniesaren’thappyaboutit！”可推知，這個(gè)新設(shè)備會(huì)使人們省錢(qián)，會(huì)影響大型電腦公司的利潤(rùn)，故選B。6．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutXtra-PC?A．Youshouldturnonyourcomputerwhenpluggingitin.B．Youshouldreturnitoveramonthtogetyourmoneyback.C．Youcanuseittochangeanyoldcomputerintoanewone.D．Youcanimprovetheperformanceofyouroldcomputerwithit.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一部分的第三句“Well,fortunately,there’s...computerslightningfastspeedagain.”可知，有了這個(gè)新設(shè)備，老電腦的運(yùn)行速度能大大加快，與第三部分的“EnjoytheNewPC—Inlessthan15minutes...computer.”呼應(yīng)，故選D。7．Theunderlinedword“knockoffs”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans________.A．cheapcopiesofawell-knownproductB．illegalwebsitesthatcheatpeopleC．falsemessagesontheInternetD．companieswithabadreputation解析：選A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞所在句可推知，要去官網(wǎng)買(mǎi)此設(shè)備，因?yàn)槭袌?chǎng)上有許多廉價(jià)仿冒品，故選A。8．Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.A．tellreadershowtospeedupyourcomputerB．encouragereaderstobuyanewdeviceC．introduceanewinventiontoreadersD．explaintoreadershowXtra-PCworks解析：選B寫(xiě)作意圖題。根據(jù)本文的整體內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了一款可以使老電腦煥然一新的設(shè)備，由此可推知，本文主要是向讀者推介這款新產(chǎn)品，故選B。C(2017·太原市高三年級(jí)模擬試題一)Workingwellinateamrequiresfullcooperation.It’sanimportantskillforalmosteveryemployeetohave.Yourabilitytodoyourjobisdependentuponothersgettingyourworkdone,andothersdependonyoutogettheirworkdone.Communicatewell.Lackofcommunicationisoneofthebiggestreasonsofateam’sfailure.Seekinputfromteammemberssotheyfeellikeavaluablepartoftheteam.Communicationestablishestrustamongteammembers.Inaddition,communicatingwellcanhelppreventandresolveconflict.Meetregularlytokeepmembersinvolvedandawareofyourworkprogress.Postdecisionswhereeveryoneintheteamcanseethem.Beflexible.Inteamwork,prioritiesandresponsibilitycanchangeinstantly.Stayreadytoshiftfocus.Trainingteammemberstobeabletodopartsofotherteammembers’jobscanbeavaluablepartofteamwork;beingflexiblehelpstobuildappreciationforallthepartsoftheteam.Meetdeadlines.Workhardtoensureyoumeetestablisheddeadlineswhenyouworkinateamenvironment.Othersaredependingonyourwork.Negotiatetimelineswithyourteammatesatthestartofaproject.Doingsoallowsyoutohaveasayinhowworkgetsaccomplished.Establishaccountability.Allteammembersmustberesponsibleforthesuccessandfailureoftheproject.Althoughnoteveryteamneedsaleader,teamsrequireaformalwaytoensureeveryonedoeshispart.Tryusingmeetingstoreportonprogress.Celebrateaccomplishmentsandencouragetheteam.Seniorexecutivesmaynotalwaysrecognizetheimportanceofsometeammembers’work.Sharecongratulationsatteammeetingsandtalkaboutwhoseworkisinvaluableinhelpingyougetyourworkdone.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文主要講述了提高團(tuán)隊(duì)工作效率的方法和策略。)9．Whatcanyouconcludefromthefirstparagraph?A．Workinginateammeansyourworkisseparate.B．Workinginateammeansyourworkiseffective.C．Beingamemberofateammeansyourworkisindependent.D．Beingamemberofateammeansyourworkisinterdependent.解析：選D段落大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段的最后一句“Yourabilitytodoyourjobisdependentuponothersgettingyourworkdone,andothersdependonyoutogettheirworkdone.”可知，成為團(tuán)隊(duì)一員意味著分工合作、相互依賴，故選D。10．Whichofthefollowingdeedsdoesnotcontributetoeffectiveteamwork?A．Keepingsilentinateamdiscussion.B．Beingabletodopartsofothers’job.C．Acknowledgingothers’workpublicly.D．Holdingmeetingstoreportonprogress.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通讀全文可知，文章中并沒(méi)有提到在團(tuán)隊(duì)討論中保持沉默有利于團(tuán)隊(duì)工作，故選A。11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“accountability”refertointhefifthparagraph?A．Success. B．Responsibility.C．Insurance. D．Community.解析：選B詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞所在句的后一句“Allteammembersmustberesponsibleforthesuccessandfailureoftheproject.”可知，團(tuán)隊(duì)工作中所有成員都要對(duì)項(xiàng)目的成功和失敗負(fù)責(zé)，故可推知，此處應(yīng)選B。12．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．HowtoSucceedinCommunicatingwithOthersB．HowtoWorkEffectivelyinaTeamEnvironmentC．WaystoWorkWellinCompletingProjectsD．WaystoImprovetheEfficiencyofEmployees解析：選B標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)本文的關(guān)鍵詞“teamwork”并結(jié)合全文的整體內(nèi)容可推知，本文主要講的是提高團(tuán)隊(duì)工作效率的方法和策略，故選B項(xiàng)。D(2017·昆明市高三復(fù)習(xí)教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè))USprivaterocketcompanySpaceXhasannouncedthattwoprivatecitizenshavepaidtobesentaroundtheMoon.Themission(任務(wù))isplannedforlate2018.SpaceXCEOElonMusksaid,“Thispresentsanopportunityforhumanstoreturntodeepspaceforthefirsttimein45years.”Thetwounnamedpeoplewillflyaboardaspaceshipwhichissetforitsfirstunmannedtestflightlaterthisyear.ThecooperationofAmerica’sNASAspaceagencyhasmadetheplanpossible.Mr.Musksaid,“Thetwopassengerswilltravelfasterandfurtherintothesolarsystemthananybeforethem.”LiketheApolloastronautsbeforethem,theseindividualswilltravelintospacecarryingthehopesanddreamsofallhumankind,drivenbytheuniversalhumanspiritofexploration.“Weexpecttoconducthealthandfitnesstests,aswellasbeginninginitialtraininglaterthisyear.Thefirstmissionwouldbeunmanned,andthenextone—withcrew—wasexpectedinthesecondquarterof2018，”therichbusinessmanandinventorsaid.“Thefirstpassengersareenteringthiswiththeireyesopen,knowingthatthereissomeriskhere.They’recertainlynotchildish,andwe’lldoeverythingwecantoreducethatrisk,butit’snotzero.”ThespacetouristswouldmakeacirclearoundtheMoon,scanningthelunarsurfaceandthengoingwellbeyond.However,themissionwillnotinvolvealunarlanding.“IfNASAdecidedtotakepartinalunarfly-bymission,thentheagencywouldhaveprivilege，”Mr.Musksaid.TheUShasnotsentastronautstotheMoonsincetheearly1970s.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，美國(guó)的SpaceX公司宣布他們將于2018年安排兩個(gè)市民去月球。文章詳細(xì)描述了他們的計(jì)劃。13．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A．Thetwotouristscan’taffordtoflyaroundtheMoon.B．Spacetravelisrootedinthehumanspiritofexploration.C．Initialtrainingisexpectedtobeconductedat