2022年遼寧省鐵嶺市六校協(xié)作體高二下學(xué)期期末聯(lián)考英語試題

鐵嶺市六校協(xié)作體2021-2022學(xué)年度高二期末聯(lián)考試英語試卷（滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘）第Ⅰ卷第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThePublicTransportFaresinNewYorkOnourwebsite,youcanfindouthowmuchitcoststoridethesubway,bus,LongIslandRailRoad,andMetro-NorthintheNewYorkarea.★Subwaysandbuses●Fareformostridersonsubwaysandlocal,limited,andSelectBusServicebuses:$2.85.●Expressbusescost$6.85.Moreinformationaboutsubwayandbusfares●Ridingthesubwaycosts$2.85formostriders.Peoplewithdisabilitiesorwhoare65orolderarequalifiedforareducedfare.●AnunlimitedrideMetroCardcansaveyoumoney.Itgivesyouunlimitedridesforacertainlengthoftime.●MetroCardscost$1.AllcardsexceptfortheSingleRidecardarerefillable(可充值的).●Uptothreechildrenunder44inchestallrideforfreewhentheyarewithafare-payingadult.●Youpaythefareatturnstiles(旋轉(zhuǎn)閘門)beforeyouaboardthetrain.Youdon’thavetodoanythingafterwards.★Railroads:LIRR(LongIslandRailRoad)andMetro-North●Faresvarybasedonwhenandwhereyouaretravelling.●Buyingticketsonyourphoneisthemostconvenientoption.Moreinformationaboutrailroadfares●Peak(高峰的)faresarechargedduringbusinessrushhoursonanyweekdaytrainscheduledtoarriveinNewYorkCityterminalsbetween6a.m.and10a.m.ordepartNewYorkCityterminalsbetween4p.m.and8p.m.OnMetro-Northtrains,peakfaresalsoapplytotravelonanyweekdaytrainthatleavesGrandCentralStationbetween6a.m.and9a.m.●Off-peakfaresarechargedatallothertimesonweekdays,alldayonSaturdayandSunday,andonholidays.●Useourtripplannertofindfareinformation.Getschedulesanddirectionsandseewhetheratripisduringpeakoroff-peakhours.1.Howmuchmightasubwaytripcosta68-year-oldmanwithtwochildrenunder44inchestall?A.$2.35. B.$2.85. C.$5.70. D.$6.85.2.Forwhattraintriparepeakfarescharged?A.AweekdaytrainleavingGrandCentralStationat10pm.B.AweekdaytrainleavingGrandCentralStationat7am.C.AweekdaytraindepartingNewYorkCityterminalsat9pm.D.AweekdaytraindepartingNewYorkCityterminalsat8:30am.3.Whyshouldpeoplereadthetripplanner?A.Toknowspecialoffers. B.Toleaveyouradvice.C.Tocheckfareinformation. D.Tobookatrainticket.【答案】1.A2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文屬于應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了紐約地鐵、公交車和鐵路等公共交通乘坐費(fèi)用情況，還涉及地鐵及公交費(fèi)減免情況和鐵路交通高峰期的時(shí)間和車費(fèi)。1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)Moreinformationaboutsubwayandbusfares部分中“Ridingthesubwaycosts$2.85formostriders.Peoplewithdisabilitiesorwhoare65orolderarequalifiedforareducedfare.(對大多數(shù)乘客來說，乘坐地鐵的費(fèi)用是2.85美元。殘疾人士或65歲以上的老年人可享受優(yōu)惠票價(jià))”和“Uptothreechildrenunder44inchestallrideforfreewhentheyarewithafare-payingadult.(最多3名身高44英寸以下的兒童可以免費(fèi)乘坐，只要他們有一個(gè)付費(fèi)的成人陪伴)”可知一位68歲男子帶著身高44英寸以下的孩子需要付的車費(fèi)低于$2.85。故選A。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Moreinformationaboutrailroadfare部分中“OnMetro-Northtrains,peakfaresalsoapplytotravelonanyweekdaytrainthatleavesGrandCentralStationbetween6a.m.and9a.m.(地鐵北線列車的高峰票價(jià)也適用于工作日早上6點(diǎn)至9點(diǎn)之間從中央車站出發(fā)的任何列車)”可知，在上午七點(diǎn)離開GrandCentral車站屬于交通高峰期。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)本文最后一段“Useourtripplannertofindfareinformation.Getschedulesanddirectionsandseewhetheratripisduringpeakoroff-peakhours.(使用我們的旅行計(jì)劃來查找票價(jià)信息。了解行程和方向，看看旅行是在高峰時(shí)間還是非高峰時(shí)間)”可知，通過行程規(guī)劃可以找到費(fèi)用信息。故選C。BAsacollegestudentinBoston,Iformedthehabitofbuyingusedbooks.Ienjoythehunt,thegoodpriceandtheunrecognizedtreasures.Ifindoldtextbooks,ex-bestsellers,andbooksonsubjectsI’veneverheardofandnowmustlearnallabout.Idon’tsearchforrarebooks,firsteditions,orleather-boundeditionsbutbooksthatareworthreading.Rereading,forme,isapleasureduringretirement.Thetheaterandtheconcerthallbecomelessappealingtome,alongwithcrowds.Stayingaloneandreadingbookshavebecomeextremelyimportanttome.Literatureneedsthefleshofexperiencetohaveitsfulleffect.Differentbooksoffermeinsightsandwaysofexpressingthatstuckinmymindasgrainsofsandinanoysternowshinelikepearls.Mytasteinbooksimproveswithage.Whilepackingforamove,whichoccursatintervalsoffivetosevenyears,Iclearmyshelvesandpickmybooks.Iabandonafew,laterregretmydecisions,andlookforthemagain.Severalyearsago,Igotridofbooksrelatedtomyjob-architecture.Someweredesignguides,referencebooks,productcatalogs,andthingsthatwentoutofdate.Somewerehistoricalorcenteredonaperiodoranarchitect.Thesehadgivenmemanyhoursofpleasure.WillIeveropentheircoversagain?Certainly.IheldontotheredbulkofSirBanisterFletcher’sAHistoryofArchitectureandbooksonParis,Rome,andBoston.Igaveawaydraftingequipmentandinstruments.Ithrewoutrollsandrollsofpaper,andolddrawingsofprojectscompletedlongago,someofwhichhadevenbeendamaged.Thistime,IstayputinacottagethatsuitsmystatusandI’vemovedoninspirit.NodoubtIwillacquiremoreusedbooksandthrowawaymorebooksaspassionsgrowandfade,likefeatherschangingwiththeseasons.4.Whatdoestheauthorconsidermostimportantwhenchoosingusedbooks？A.Theirappealingcovers. B.Theirreasonableprices.C.Theirexcellentcontent. D.Theircollectionvalue.5.Whatdoestheauthorrealizeashegrowsolder?A.Hehasasmallcircleoffriends. B.Hisattitudetowardsworkchanges.C.Hiscommunicationskillsimprove. D.Hehasadeeperunderstandingoflifeandbooks.6.Whydoestheauthormentionbooksonarchitecture?A.Toshowsomebooksareworthreadingrepeatedly.B.TorecommendSirBanisterFletcher’sbooks.CTosuggestweavoidmakingpoordecisions.D.Toexplainhisloveforarchitecture.7.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthelastparagraph?A.Hewillstopthrowingawayusedbooks.B.Helikesupdatinghiscollectionofusedbooks.C.Heisbadatusingadvanceddraftingequipment.D.Heenjoysleadinganactivelifeinthecountryside.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者從購買二手書的經(jīng)歷、重新閱讀的意義和不斷更新自己的讀物等幾個(gè)方面說明各閱讀的重要性和意義?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Idon’tsearchforrarebooks,firsteditions,orleather-boundeditionsbutbooksthatareworthreading.”（我不尋找珍本、第一版或皮面版的書，而是那些值得一讀的書。）可知，作者在購買書時(shí)最看重的是書的內(nèi)容。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Differentbooksoffermeinsights（見解）andwaysofexpressingthatstuckinmymindasgrainsofsandinanoyster（牡蠣）nowshinelikepearls.Mytasteinbooksimproveswithage.”（不同的書籍給我提供了深刻的見解和表達(dá)方式，就像牡蠣里的沙子現(xiàn)在像珍珠一樣閃閃發(fā)光一樣。我對書籍的鑒賞力隨著年齡的增長而提高。）可知，作者隨著年齡的增大，他對生活和書本有更深的理解。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的例子及“WillIeveropentheircoversagain?Certainly.IheldontotheredbulkofSirBanisterFletcher’sAHistoryofArchitectureandbooksonParis,Rome,andBoston.”（我還會(huì)再打開他們的封面嗎?當(dāng)然。我手里拿著班尼斯特·弗萊徹爵士的《建筑史》和有關(guān)巴黎、羅馬和波士頓的書。）可知，作者提到建筑書籍的目的是說明這些書值得多次閱讀。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“NodoubtIwillacquiremoreusedbooksandthrowawaymorebooksaspassionsgrowandfade,likefeatherschangingwiththeseasons.”（毫無疑問，我將獲得更多的二手書，并扔掉更多的書，因?yàn)榧で榫拖裼鹈S著季節(jié)的變化而變化。）可知，作者喜歡不斷更新自己的二手書收藏。故選B項(xiàng)。CInrecenttimes,withtheadventofelectriccars,theideatofuelthemwithsolarenergyalsogainedmomentum.Electriccars—eventhoughtheyrunonelectricityanddon’tusefossilfuels—arestillNOTGREEN!Peoplesufferfromthemisconceptionthatnotusingfossilfuelmeans“green”whichiskindofabsurd,consideringtheelectricityweuseisgeneratedbyburningtheverysamefuels!However,whatifyourcarhadsolarpanelsthatcouldchargeit?Nowthatwouldindeedbeagreenmachine!Basically,asmuchaswewouldliketoincorporatethisenergysourceintoourcar,theefficiencyofthecurrentlyusedsolarpanelsissubjecttothefulfillmentofdifferentcriteria.Firstly,solarpanelsoccupyalargeamountofarea.Anaveragecarhasanareaof10-25sq.ft.ontheroof.whichcangeneratebetween50-150Wunderidealconditions.Thisishardlyenoughpowertoilluminatealightbulb!Also,moderatesunnytemperatureneedstobeideal,asextremelyhightemperaturescanreducetheefficiencyofthesolarpanels.Carsmustworkinallweatherconditions,soifasolarpanellimitsthecar’sfunctionality,itbecomespracticallyuseless.Moreimportantly,thecostofthepanelsanddevelopmentrequiredtopowertheelectronicsusingthesun’senergyoutweighsthebenefitsthatsolarpanelsprovide.Mostcarstodaythathavesolarroofs,usethesolarenergytopoweronlyafewbasicfunctionsofthecar.Whilethereisstilltimebeforewewillbeabletodrivecarsfullypoweredbysolarenergy,therearesomealternatives,suchassolarpowerstations,whicharebeingdesignedtoreduceourrelianceonfossilfuelsforelectricity.Solar-poweredvehiclesaresurelythefuture,butnotthenearfuture.Asthecostofsolarpanelscontinuestofallandtheirefficiencyincreases,thingswillbegintolookmuch“brighter”forthisalternativeandsustainableoption!8.Whyaren’telectriccarsenvironmentallyfriendly?A.Theywon’tworkaswellasthecommoncars.B.Theyarenotpoweredbysolarenergy.C.Theyrunonelectricityproducedbyburningfuels.D.Theycausemorepollutiontotheworld.9.Whatcanwelearnfromthethirdparagraph?A.Temperatureshavelittleeffectonsolarpanels.B.Poweringtheelectronicscostslittle.C.Acar’sroofgeneratesenoughpowertolightabulb.D.Theperformanceofcurrentsolarpanelsdependsonvariousfactors.10.Whatcanweinferaboutsolarenergyinthecarindustry?A.Mostcarshavesolarroofs.B.Carscanbecurrentlypoweredfromsolarpowerstations.C.Carspartlypoweredbysolarenergyareontheroad.D.Solarcarswillsoonbeavailable.11.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Whatdosolarcarslooklike?B.Whydon’twepowerthecarwithsolarenergy?C.Howdosolarcarswork?D.Couldsolarcarsreplacetheelectriccars?【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹目前的電動(dòng)汽車雖不使用化石燃料，但仍然不是綠色的。目前使用的太陽能電池板的效率取決于是否滿足不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Peoplesufferfromthemisconceptionthatnotusingfossilfuelmeans“green”whichiskindofabsurd,consideringtheelectricityweuseisgeneratedbyburningtheverysamefuels!”（人們有一種誤解，認(rèn)為不使用化石燃料就意味著“綠色”，這是一種荒謬的想法，因?yàn)槲覀兪褂玫碾娏κ峭ㄟ^燃燒同樣的燃料產(chǎn)生的!）可知，為什么電動(dòng)汽車不環(huán)保是它們靠燃燒燃料產(chǎn)生的電力運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Firstly,solarpanelsoccupyalargeamountofarea.”（首先，太陽能電池板占據(jù)了大量的面積。）和“Also,moderatesunnytemperatureneedstobeideal,asextremelyhightemperaturescanreducetheefficiencyofthesolarpanels.”（此外，溫和的陽光溫度需要是理想的，因?yàn)闃O高的溫度會(huì)降低太陽能電池板的效率。）以及“Moreimportantly,thecostofthepanelsanddevelopmentrequiredtopowertheelectronicsusingthesun’senergyoutweighsthebenefitsthatsolarpanelsprovide.”（更重要的是，利用太陽能為電子設(shè)備供電所需的電池板成本和開發(fā)成本超過了太陽能電池板提供的好處。）可知，目前太陽能電池板的性能取決于多方面的因素。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Whilethereisstilltimebeforewewillbeabletodrivecarsfullypoweredbysolarenergy,therearesomealternatives,suchassolarpowerstations,whicharebeingdesignedtoreduceourrelianceonfossilfuelsforelectricity.”（雖然我們還需要一段時(shí)間才能駕駛完全由太陽能驅(qū)動(dòng)汽車，但仍有一些替代品，如太陽能發(fā)電站，其目的是減少我們對化石燃料的電力依賴。）可知，目前，汽車可以由太陽能發(fā)電站提供動(dòng)力。故選B。11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Solar-poweredvehiclesaresurelythefuture,butnotthenearfuture.Asthecostofsolarpanelscontinuestofallandtheirefficiencyincreases,thingswillbegintolookmuch“brighter”forthisalternativeandsustainableoption!”（太陽能汽車肯定是未來，但不是不久的將來。隨著太陽能電池板的成本持續(xù)下降，其效率不斷提高，對于這種替代性和可持續(xù)性的選擇，情況將開始變得更加“光明”！）可知，主要介紹目前的電動(dòng)汽車雖不使用化石燃料，但仍然不是綠色的。目前使用的太陽能電池板的效率取決于是否滿足不同的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可知，D項(xiàng)“太陽能汽車能取代電動(dòng)汽車嗎?”為短文最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。DTimetoloadupsomepopulargames:newresearchindicatespigspossessthementalcapabilitytoplayvideogames.Thestudy,publishedinFrontiersinPsychology,testedtheabilityoffourpigs(Hamlet,Omelette,EbonyandIvory)toplayasimplejoystick(操縱桿)gamewiththeirnoses,movingacursor(光標(biāo))tofourtargetsonthescreen.Althoughtheanimalsdidn’tdemonstratetheskillstowinaroundanytime,theydidshowanunderstandingofsomeelementarygames.Performingwellnotbychance,thepigsappearedtorecognizethemovementofthecursorwascontrolledbythejoystick.Thefactthattheydidsowelldespitealackofflexiblefingersis“extraordinary”,accordingtotheresearchers.“Itisnosmallachievementforananimaltograsptheconceptthatthebehaviourtheyareperformingishavinganeffectelsewhere.Thatpigscandothistoanydegreeshouldgiveuspauseastowhatelsetheyarecapableoflearningandhowsuchlearningmayimpactthem,“saidPurdueUniversity’sDrCandaceCroney,thestudy’sleadauthor.Researchersalsonotedthatwhilethepigscouldbetaughttoplaythegameusingfoodaspositivemotivation,theyalsorespondedwelltosocialinteraction.Infact,whenthegamewasmademorechallengingandthepigsbecameunwillingtoparticipateinit,“onlyoralencouragementbytheexperimenter”wouldseetrainingcontinue.Thesefindingsarethelatesttohighlighttheintelligenceofpigs.Notonlyhavetheybeenshowntousemirrorstofindhiddenfood,butstudieshavealsodemonstratedhowpigscanbetaughtto“come”and“sit”afteroralcommands.Aswithanysentient(有感覺力的)beings,howweinteractwithpigsandwhatwedotothemimpactsandmatterstothem.Wethereforehaveamoraldutytounderstandhowpigsacquireinformation,andwhattheyarecapableoflearningandremembering,becauseitultimatelyoffersthepotentialforhowtheyunderstandtheirinteractionswithusandtheirenvironments.12.WhatcanbelearnedfromParagraph1?A.Thepigssometimeswonthevideogames.B.Thepigsoperatedjoystickswiththeirnoses.C.Thepigscompetedwitheachotherinthegames.D.Thepigssometimesperformedwellaccidentally.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“giveuspause”referto?A.Stopusfromadvancing. B.Affectusinlearning.C.Makeusthinkseriously. D.Forceustotrainpigsbetter.14.Whatmaderesearchersbelievepigssociallyinteractedwell?A.Theirbeinginspiredbyhumanwords. B.Theirbeingdrivenbyfood.C.Theirbeingwillingtokeeptrying. D.Theirbeingmotivatedbychallenges.15.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitle?A.SmartPigs:BestAnimalPlayers B.FlexibleNoses:FunGamesC.OralCommands:PigLearners D.PigPlayers:LearningPotential【答案】12.B13.C14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述豬經(jīng)過人們的訓(xùn)練和與人互動(dòng)后，可以用鼻子玩電動(dòng)，能夠聽懂人的指令，從而說明豬有很強(qiáng)的學(xué)習(xí)潛力?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Thestudy,publishedinFrontiersinPsychology,testedtheabilityoffourpigs(Hamlet,Omelette,EbonyandIvory)toplayasimplejoystick(操縱桿)gamewiththeirnoses,movingacursor(光標(biāo))tofourtargetsonthescreen.(這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在《心理學(xué)前沿》上，測試了四只豬(哈姆雷特、煎蛋、烏木和象牙)用鼻子玩簡單的操縱桿游戲的能力，將光標(biāo)移動(dòng)到屏幕上的四個(gè)目標(biāo)上。)”可知，第一段主要介紹豬能夠夠用鼻子操作操縱桿，故選B。【13題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“Itisnosmallachievementforananimaltograsptheconceptthatthebehaviourtheyareperformingishavinganeffectelsewhere.(對于動(dòng)物來說，能理解它們正在實(shí)施的一個(gè)行為可以在別處產(chǎn)生影響的概念并不是小成就。)”及“whatelsetheyarecapableoflearningandhowsuchlearningmayimpactthem(他們還能學(xué)習(xí)什么，以及這種學(xué)習(xí)如何影響他們)”可知，豬能夠夠用鼻子操作操縱桿，這不是一個(gè)小成就，值得我們認(rèn)真思考，看看豬還能學(xué)習(xí)什么，以及這種學(xué)習(xí)如何影響他們。故推知giveuspause表示“讓我們認(rèn)真思考”，與Makeusthinkseriously意義一致，故選C?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Researchersalsonotedthatwhilethepigscouldbetaughttoplaythegameusingfoodaspositivemotivation,theyalsorespondedwelltosocialinteraction.Infact,whenthegamewasmademorechallengingandthepigsbecameunwillingtoparticipateinit,“onlyoralencouragementbytheexperimenter”wouldseetrainingcontinue.(研究人員還指出，雖然可以用食物作為積極動(dòng)機(jī)來教豬玩游戲，但它們對社交互動(dòng)的反應(yīng)也很好。事實(shí)上，當(dāng)游戲變得更具挑戰(zhàn)性并且豬變得不愿意參與時(shí)，“只有實(shí)驗(yàn)者的口頭鼓勵(lì)”才能使訓(xùn)練繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。)”可知，因?yàn)閷?shí)驗(yàn)者的口頭鼓勵(lì)可以使豬參與訓(xùn)練，所以研究人員相信豬對社交互動(dòng)的反應(yīng)很好。故推知豬受到人類話語的啟發(fā)使研究人員相信豬的社交互動(dòng)很好，故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Performingwellnotbychance,thepigsappearedtorecognizethemovementofthecursorwascontrolledbythejoystick.Thefactthattheydidsowelldespitealackofflexiblefingersis“extraordinary”,accordingtotheresearchers.(表現(xiàn)良好并非偶然，豬似乎意識(shí)到光標(biāo)的移動(dòng)是由操縱桿控制的。據(jù)研究人員稱，盡管缺乏靈活的手指，但他們做得如此之好，這是“不可思議的”。)”及第四段“Thesefindingsarethelatesttohighlighttheintelligenceofpigs.Notonlyhavetheybeenshowntousemirrorstofindhiddenfood,butstudieshavealsodemonstratedhowpigscanbetaughtto“come”and“sit”afteroralcommands.(這些發(fā)現(xiàn)是最新發(fā)現(xiàn)的，突出了豬的智力。他們不僅被證明使用鏡子來尋找隱藏的食物，而且研究還證明了如何在口頭命令后教豬“過來”和“坐下”。)”可知，文章主要講述豬經(jīng)過人們的訓(xùn)練和與人互動(dòng)后，可以用鼻子玩電動(dòng)，能夠聽懂人的指令，說明豬有很強(qiáng)的學(xué)習(xí)潛力。所以文章的標(biāo)題應(yīng)是PigPlayers:LearningPotential(豬玩家：學(xué)習(xí)的潛力)，故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhyDoesFoodTasteBadOnAirplanes?Howmanytimeshaveyoucomplainedaboutairlinefoodbeingtasteless?Accordingtopopularlyacceptedstudies,thereasonmightbeachangeinourabilitytoperceivetaste.____16____Let’sgetintotheactualdetailsbeforeyougetoffended.TheCabinAiris15%DrierThantheAirontheGroundTomaintainthepressureinsidethecabin,airlinesmustcloselyregulatetheairinside,involvingchangingitscomposition.Theairinsideairplanecabinsisfarmoredrythantheairwebreatheontheground.____17____Inanenvironmentlikethis,yourpowersoftasteandsmellbegintodriftaway.ThePressureInsidetheCabinisLowerThanontheGroundInthepressurizedcabinapassenger’sbodilyfluidswillmoveupwardsandthenasalcavities(鼻腔)swell.Theswellingmesseswithourtastebuds,makingthefoodtasteunappealing.Youmightknowhowdininginsuchconditionsfeel,sincewe’veallfoughtcoldsinthepast.____18________19____Badfoodcan’tbeblamedmerelyonthein-cabinconditionstoo.It’salsopossiblethatthefoodisactuallybad.Duetofoodsafetystandards,allmealsmustbecookedonthegroundandunbreakable.SuchrequirementsformassproductiondefinitelytiesdowntheChef’shands.Whatcanbedone?____20____Apparently,chefshavebeentryingtoadaptrecipesinhowfoodtastesathighaltitudes.Everyoneneedstobepatientuntilbettersolutionsformassfoodproductionarefound.A.Themethodoffoodproductionisdifferent.B.Themassproductionoffoodistoblame.C.Insomecases,it’sevendrierthancertaindeserts.D.Asickpersonisfarfromthebestjudgeoffoodquality.E.Thatmakesitourbody’sfault,ratherthantheairlines.F.Butthatdoesn’tmeanmealsservedonairplanescan’ttastejustasgood.G.Basically,wecan’tusethesamerecipesforairlinemealsthatwewoulduseontheground.【答案】16.E17.C18.D19.A20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要分析了飛機(jī)上食物嘗起來沒有味道的原因?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Howmanytimeshaveyoucomplainedaboutairlinefoodbeingtasteless?”（你有多少次抱怨航空食品無味？）可知，我們時(shí)常抱怨飛機(jī)上食物寡淡無味。再由“thereasonmightbeachangeinourabilitytoperceivetaste(原因可能是我們感知味道的能力發(fā)生了變化)”可知，這可能是我們自身的原因，而不是食物的問題。故選E項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Theairinsideairplanecabinsisfarmoredrythantheairwebreatheontheground.”（機(jī)艙內(nèi)的空氣比我們在地面上呼吸的空氣干燥得多。）可知，機(jī)艙內(nèi)的空氣更干燥些，再根據(jù)后文“Inanenvironmentlikethis,yourpowersoftasteandsmellbegintodriftaway.”（在這樣的環(huán)境中，你的味覺和嗅覺能力開始消失。）可知，味覺和嗅覺的能力都開始消失，說明干燥的程度很嚴(yán)重，因此，設(shè)空處可進(jìn)一步描述干燥的程度。C項(xiàng)“在某些情況下，它甚至比某些沙漠還要干燥”進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充空氣的干燥程度，符合語境。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Inthepressurizedcabinapassenger’sbodilyfluidswillmoveupwardsandthenasalcavitiesswell.Theswellingmesseswithourtastebuds,makingthefoodtasteunappealing.Youmightknowhowdininginsuchconditionsfeel,sincewe’veallfoughtcoldsinthepast.”（在壓力艙中，乘客的體液會(huì)向上移動(dòng)，鼻腔會(huì)腫脹。腫脹擾亂了我們的味蕾，使食物的味道變得毫無吸引力。你可能知道在這樣的條件下吃飯的感覺，因?yàn)槲覀兌荚c感冒作過斗爭。）可知，上文部分解釋了這與艙內(nèi)的壓力使得味蕾、鼻腔都發(fā)生變化有關(guān)。這種情況跟我們感冒時(shí)吃東西總感覺沒有味道的情況類似。由此可知，我們不能根據(jù)自身原因來評判食物。故D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)病人遠(yuǎn)不是食品質(zhì)量的最佳評判者?！狈险Z境。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】設(shè)空處小標(biāo)題處，可起到概括總結(jié)的作用。根據(jù)下文“Badfoodcan’tbeblamedmerelyonthein-cabinconditionstoo.It’salsopossiblethatthefoodisactuallybad.Duetofoodsafetystandards,allmealsmustbecookedonthegroundandunbreakable.”（糟糕的食物也不能僅僅歸咎于機(jī)艙內(nèi)的狀況。也有可能食物實(shí)際上是壞的。根據(jù)食品安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，所有的飯菜都必須在地上烹調(diào)，而且不易碎。）可知，艙內(nèi)生產(chǎn)食物的方式跟一般情況是有所不同的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Apparently,chefshavebeentryingtoadaptrecipesinhowfoodtastesathighaltitudes.Everyoneneedstobepatientuntilbettersolutionsformassfoodproductionarefound.”（顯然，廚師們一直在努力調(diào)整食譜，以適應(yīng)高海拔地區(qū)食物的口味。在找到更好的大規(guī)模食品生產(chǎn)解決方案之前，每個(gè)人都需要耐心。）可知，我們不能在飛機(jī)上使用與地面上相同的食譜，所以廚師著手改進(jìn)配方。G項(xiàng)“基本上，我們不能使用與地面上相同的航空餐點(diǎn)食譜?！狈险Z境。故選G項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。EmmaJones’three-year-oldson,Eric,wassharingahotdogonthedeckoverlookingherfriendSarahRoth’sswimmingpool.OnemomentJoneswaswatchingEricplayaroundwiththeotherchildrenatthis____21____ofmomsandkidslastJuly.Thenextmomenthedisappearedwithouta____22____.SheturnedtoherfriendMachelRawlingsandasked,“HaveyouseenEric?”Rawlingsstood,____23____thepoolandsuddenlyscreamed.Ericwasfound____24____facedowninthedeepend.Whathappenednextwasa____25____textbookresponse:AsRawlingsdivedinthepool,graspedtheboy,____26____himoverandswamhimtotheend.Meanwhile,theirhost,SarahRoth,dialed911.Atthepool’s____27____,RawlingshandedEricuptohismother.Hisskinwasblueandwasn’tbreathing.Rawlingswho’dtakenaCPRcoursejustfourmonthsearlier,immediatelybeganrescuebreathing.Hangingupthephone,Roth,aformerflightattendantwho’daccumulated____28____experiencebefore,____29____CPRfromRawlings.ThreelongminuteswentbywithRothbreathingintoEric’smouthand_____30_____chestcompressions(按壓)whileRawlingsandJones_____31_____hiscondition.Graduallyhiscolor_____32_____,andastheambulancewasarrivingonthe_____33_____,RawlingslookedatRoth.“He’sbreathing,”shesaid.The_____34_____withwhichthewomenactedsavedEric’slife.EmmaJonesfoundanywordsseemedpowerless.Shesaid_____35_____,“Theydideverythingright.”21.A.encounter B.union C.gathering D.game22.A.trace B.symptom C.footprint D.signal23.A.found B.examined C.fixed D.scanned24.A.floating B.lying C.sinking D.diving25.A.initial B.typical C.creative D.effective26.A.rolled B.knocked C.checked D.ran27.A.point B.edge C.stage D.boundary28.A.accessible B.apparent C.sufficient D.significant29.A.tookup B.tookin C.tookplace D.tookover30.A.performing B.working C.testing D.stretching31.A.maintained B.monitored C.adapted D.generated32.A.faded B.changed C.returned D.revealed33.A.pool B.scene C.route D.venue34.A.courage B.kindness C.persistence D.decisiveness35.A.actually B.fairly C.finally D.simply【答案】21.C22.A23.D24.A25.B26.A27.B28.C29.D30.A31.B32.C33.B34.D35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了在一次聚會(huì)上EmmaJones的三歲兒子不小心掉到水里，她的朋友們果斷運(yùn)用CPR急救知識(shí)救了她兒子的故事?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在去年7月的一次媽媽和孩子們的聚會(huì)上，Jones一會(huì)兒還在看著Eric和其他孩子玩耍。A.encounter遭遇；B.union結(jié)合；C.gathering聚會(huì)；D.game游戲。根據(jù)“OnemomentJoneswaswatchingEricplayaroundwiththeotherchildren”可知，事情發(fā)生在媽媽和孩子們的聚會(huì)上。故選C。【22題詳解】考查名詞動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：接著他就消失得無影無蹤了。A.trace痕跡；B.symptom癥狀；C.footprint足跡；D.signal信號(hào)。根據(jù)“SheturnedtoherfriendMachelRawlingsandasked,“HaveyouseenEric?””可知，Eric不見了，消失的無影無蹤。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Rawlings站起來，掃視著池塘，突然尖叫起來。A.found發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.examined檢查；C.fixed修理；D.scanned掃描、審視。根據(jù)“thepoolandsuddenlyscreamed.”可知，Rawlings為了尋找Eric，站起起來掃了一眼游泳池，然后突然尖叫起來。故選D。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Eric被發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)臉朝下漂浮在深水區(qū)。A.floating漂??；B.lying躺；C.sinking下沉；D.diving潛水。根據(jù)“facedowninthedeepend.”可知，Eric被發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)漂浮在深水區(qū)。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：接下來發(fā)生的事情是典型的教科書式的反應(yīng)：Rawlings跳入泳池，抓住男孩，把他翻過來，然后游到泳池盡頭。A.initial開始的；B.typical典型的；C.creative創(chuàng)造的；D.effective有效的。根據(jù)“textbookresponse”和“AsRawlingsdivedinthepool,graspedtheboy,____6____himoverandswamhimtotheend.”可知，Rawlings拯救Eric一系列的動(dòng)作是典型的教科書式的反應(yīng)。故選B。【26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：接下來發(fā)生的事情是典型的教科書式的反應(yīng)：Rawlings跳入泳池，抓住男孩，把他翻過來，然后游到泳池盡頭。A.rolled翻滾；B.knocked敲；C.checked檢查；D.ran跑。rollsbover表示“把某人翻過來”。根據(jù)“AsRawlingsdivedinthepool,graspedtheboy,”可知，Rawlings救助落水小孩的一系列動(dòng)作，跳下泳池，抓住孩子，把他翻轉(zhuǎn)過來，并把他推到岸邊。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在泳池邊，Rawlings把Eric交給了他的母親。他的皮膚發(fā)紫，沒有呼吸。A.point點(diǎn)；B.edge邊緣；C.stage舞臺(tái)；D.boundary邊界。根據(jù)“andswamhimtotheend”可知，此處應(yīng)指泳池邊緣。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Roth掛了電話，從Rawlings手中接管心肺復(fù)蘇的工作，她以前是一名空姐，積累了足夠的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。A.accessible可進(jìn)入的；B.apparent明顯的；C.sufficient足夠的；D.significant重要的。根據(jù)“Roth,aformerflightattendant”可知，Roth之前是一名空姐，之前她已經(jīng)積累了足夠的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。句意：Roth掛了電話，從Rawlings手中接管心肺復(fù)蘇的工作，她以前是一名空姐，積累了足夠的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。A.tookup從事；B.tookin接受；C.tookplace發(fā)生；D.tookover接管，接受，接替，接任。根據(jù)“Roth,aformerflightattendantwho’daccumulated____8____experiencebefore,”可知，Roth接替Rawling繼續(xù)接管做心肺復(fù)蘇的工作。故選D。【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：漫長的三分鐘過去了，Roth對著Eric的嘴呼吸，并進(jìn)行胸部按壓，而Rawlings和Jones則在監(jiān)控他的情況。A.performing表現(xiàn)；執(zhí)行；B.working工作；C.testing測試；D.stretching伸展。根據(jù)“chestcompressions(按壓)”可知，Roth一邊往Eric的口中吹氣，一邊執(zhí)行擠壓執(zhí)行他的胸膛。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：漫長的三分鐘過去了，Roth對著Eric的嘴呼吸，并進(jìn)行胸部按壓，而Rawlings和Jones則在監(jiān)控他的情況。A.maintained維持；B.monitored監(jiān)控；C.adapted適應(yīng)；D.generated產(chǎn)生。根據(jù)“ThreelongminuteswentbywithRothbreathingintoEric’smouthand____10____chestcompressions(按壓)”可知，當(dāng)Roth一邊對Eric施救的時(shí)候，RawlingsandJones則觀察和監(jiān)控Eric的身體狀況。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：漸漸地，他的臉色恢復(fù)了，當(dāng)救護(hù)車到達(dá)現(xiàn)場時(shí)，Rawlings看著Roth。A.faded變淡；B.changed改變；C.returned返回；D.revealed顯示。根據(jù)前文“Hisskinwasblueandwasn’tbreathing.”可知，Eric的皮膚變青了。后來經(jīng)過急救，顏色逐漸恢復(fù)了正常。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：漸漸地，他的臉色恢復(fù)了，當(dāng)救護(hù)車到達(dá)現(xiàn)場時(shí)，Rawlings看著Roth。A.pool游泳池；B.scene現(xiàn)場；C.route路線；D.venue場所。根據(jù)“andastheambulancewasarriving”可知，救護(hù)車到達(dá)現(xiàn)場。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些女人的果斷行動(dòng)救了Eric的命。A.courage勇氣；B.kindness善良；C.persistence堅(jiān)持；D.decisiveness堅(jiān)決；果斷。根據(jù)“withwhichthewomenactedsavedEric’slife.”及上文可知，三個(gè)婦女在救人的時(shí)候非常果斷。故選D。35題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她只是說：“他們做的每件事都是對的?！盇.actually實(shí)際上；B.fairly相當(dāng)?shù)兀籆.finally最終；D.simply僅僅、只是。根據(jù)“EmmaJonesfoundanywordsseemedpowerless.”可知，不知道如何表達(dá)對兩位朋友的感激之情。所以她直接說，她們做的分毫不差。故選D。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Bioprintingismedicallyandbio—technologicallysimilarto3Dprinting.Byusingthesameprinciples,theaimisto___36___(rapid)developlivingstructuressimilartohuman-grownorgansandtissuethatcanbeusedtotreatpeopleortestnewdrugs.Bioprintingmaybearelativelynewfieldbuttheresultssofarare___37___(encourage).Australianresearchershaveusedneuralcellsinacustom-madebioinktocreatea“desktopbrain”___38___allowsdoctorstotestbrainfunction,newdrugsandstudybraindisorders.Meanwhile,medicinescientistsintheUShavecreatedabioprinterable___39___(construct)ear,muscleandbonestructureswiththerightsize,___40___(strong)aswellasfunctionforimplantation.Oneoftheprimarygoalsofbioprintingistocreatefunctioningorgans,forexample,hearts.Byprintingcompatible(兼容的)organsusingapatient'sowncells,thedonor___41___(wait)listcouldbecomeathingofthepast.Toget___42___thispointtherehavebeensomeimportantbreakthroughsinprintingvascularized(血管化的)tissueincomplex3Dshapes.Organprintingcanimprove___43___healthof