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生命是永恒不斷的創(chuàng)造,因為在它內(nèi)部蘊含著過剩的精力,它不斷流溢,越出時間和空間的界限,它不停地追求,以形形色色的自我表現(xiàn)的形式表現(xiàn)出來。--泰戈爾英語四級語法72種關(guān)鍵句型200807181137A.M.1.It作先行主語和先行賓語的一些句型Shehadsaidwhatitwasnecessarytosay.2.強調(diào)句型Itisnotwhorulesusthatisimportant,buthowherulesus.3.All+抽象名詞或抽象名詞+itself(very+形容詞)Hewasallgentlenesstoher.4.利用詞匯重復(fù)表示強調(diào)Acrimeisacrimeacrime.5.something(much)of和nothing(little)ofsomethingof相當(dāng)于,表示程度。在疑問句或條件從句中,則為anythingof,可譯為有點,略微等。譯為毫無,全無。muchof譯為大有,notmuchof可譯為算不上,稱不上,littleof可譯為幾乎無。somethinglike譯為有點像,略似。Theysaythathehadnouniversityeducation,butheseemstobesomethingofascholar.6.同格名詞修飾是指of前后的兩個名詞都指同一個人或物,of以及它前面的名詞構(gòu)一個形容詞短語,以修飾of后面的那個名詞。如heroldsharperofafather,可譯為:她那騙子般的父親。Thosepigsofgirlseatsomuch.7.as…as…can(may)beItisasplainasplaincanbe.8.Itisin(with)…asin(with)Itisinlifeasinajourney.9.asgoodas…相等于,就像,幾乎如;實際上,其實,實在。Themerchantasgoodaspromisedtheorphanboy,thathewouldadopthim.10.manyaswell…as和mightaswell…asmanyaswell…as可譯為與其……,不如……,更好,以這樣做……為宜,如同……,也可以……等等。mightaswell…as表示不可能的事,可譯為猶如……,可與……一樣荒唐,與其那樣不如這樣的好等等。Onemayaswellnotknowathingatallasknowitimperfectly.11.tomake…of的譯法(使……成為……,把……當(dāng)作)Iwillmakeascientistofmyson.12.too…+不定式,not(never)too…+不定式,too…not+不定式Sheistooangrytospeak.13.only(not,all,but,never)too…todoso和tooready(apt)+todo結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式也沒有否定意義,凡是not,allbut等字后+too…to,不定式都失去了否定意義,在tooready(apt)+todo結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式也沒有否定意義。Youknowbuttooyelltoholdyourtongue.14.nomore…than…句型Ahomewithoutloveisnomoreahomethanabodywithoutasoulisaman.15.notsomuch…as和notsomuchas…結(jié)構(gòu),notsomuch…as=notsomuchas…,其中as有進可換用butrather,可譯為:與其說是……毋須說是……。而notsomuchas=without(not)even,可譯為甚至……還沒有。Theoceansdonotsomuchdividetheworldasuniteit.16.Nothingismore…than和Nothingisso…as結(jié)構(gòu),Nothingismore…than和Nothingisso…as都具有最高級比較的意思,NothingI可換用no,nobody,nowhere,little,few,hardly,scarcely等等,可譯為沒有……比……更為,像……再沒有了,最……等。Nothingismorepreciousthantime.17.cannot…too…結(jié)構(gòu),cannot…too…意為Itisimpossibletooverdo…或者,即無論怎樣……也不算過分。not可換用hardly,scarcely等,too可換用enough,sufficient等Youcannotbetoocareful.18.否定+but結(jié)構(gòu),在否定詞后面的but,具有whichnot,whonot,thatnot,等等否定意義,構(gòu)成前后的雙重否定??勺g成沒有……不是或……都……等Nothingissobadbutitmighthavebeenworse.19.否定+until(till)結(jié)構(gòu),在否定詞no,not,never,little,few,seldom等的后邊所接用的untiltill,多數(shù)情況下譯為直到……才……,要……才……,把否定譯為肯定。Nobodyknowswhathecandotillhehastried.20.notso…but和notsucha…but結(jié)構(gòu),這兩個結(jié)構(gòu)和否定+but的結(jié)構(gòu)差不多,不同之點是這兩個結(jié)構(gòu)中的but是含有that…not意味的連續(xù)詞,表示程度??勺g為還沒有……到不能做……的程度,并不是……不……,無論怎樣……也不是不能……等。Heisnotsosickbuthecancometoschool.21.疑問詞+should…but結(jié)構(gòu),這個結(jié)構(gòu)表示過去的意外的事,意為none…but,可譯為除了……還有誰會……,豈料,想不到……竟是……等。Whoshouldwriteitbuthimself22.whoknowsbut(that)…和whocouldshould…but結(jié)構(gòu),這個結(jié)構(gòu)是反問形式,一般意譯為多半,亦未可知等等,有時也可直譯。Whoknowsbut(that)hemaygo23.祈使句+and和祈使句+or結(jié)構(gòu),祈使句+and表示If…you…,祈使名+or表示if…not…,you。Addlovetoaahome.Addrighteousnesstoacityandyouhaveacommunity.Addtruthtoapileofredbrickandyouhaveaschool.24.名詞+and結(jié)構(gòu),在這個結(jié)構(gòu)中,名詞等于狀語從句,或表示條件,或表示時間。Aword,andhewouldlosehistemper.25.as…,so…結(jié)構(gòu),這里的so的意思是inthesameway(也是如此)。此結(jié)構(gòu)表明兩個概念在程度上和關(guān)系上相似。Asrusteatsiron,socareeatstheheart.26.ifany結(jié)構(gòu),ifany和ifever,意思是果真有……,即使有……,表示加強語氣。與此類似的還有:ifanything(如有不同的話,如果稍有區(qū)別),ifaday(=atleast,至少)。Thereislittle,ifany,hope.27.beitever(never)so和letitbeever(never)so結(jié)構(gòu),這里,beit中的be是古英語假設(shè)語氣的遺留形式,現(xiàn)代英語則使用letitbe。everso和neverso都表示同一意思,都表示very。Beiteversohumble(letitbeeversohumble),homeishome.28.thelast+不定式和thelast+定語從詞結(jié)構(gòu),這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的last意思是theleastlikely,用于否定性推論。可譯為最不大可能的,最不合適的,由原意的最后一個……變成最不可能……的一個。Heisthelastmantoacceptabride.29.so…that…句型,這個句型的意思是如此……,以致于……,但在翻譯成漢語時,許多情況下,并不是一定要譯成如此……以致于……,而是變通表達其含義。Heransofastthatnobodycouldcatchhimup.30.more+than+原級形容詞(副詞)結(jié)構(gòu),這是將不同性質(zhì)加以比較,其中的more有rather的意思。Itismorethanprobablethathewillfall.31.morethan+動詞結(jié)構(gòu),這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示動詞的程度,可譯為異常,豈止,十二分地等。Thismorethansatisfiedme.32.goodand…的副詞用法,譯為非常,很等。類似還有niceand…,fineand…,lovelyand…,brightand…,rareand…,bigand…等,均表示程度。Theapplesaregoodandripe.33.andthat結(jié)構(gòu),這個andthat應(yīng)譯為而且……,表示對它前面陳述部分的語氣加強,that代表前面的整個陳述部分。Returntoyourwork,andthatatonce.34.atonce…and結(jié)構(gòu),這個結(jié)構(gòu)譯為既……又……,起相關(guān)連接的作用,相當(dāng)于both…and…。Thenovelisatoncepleasingandinstructive.35.inthat…結(jié)構(gòu),這個結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是在那一點上(方面),可譯為因為。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有inthis…。Thebudgetisunrealisticinthatitdisregardsincreasedcosts.36.thenamenotwithstanding結(jié)構(gòu),這個結(jié)構(gòu)中notwithstanding是介詞,這個介詞可以置前,可以置后,比如也可寫成:notwithstandingthename。起讓步狀語的作用。Somepeoplethinkofthestoragebatteryasasortofcondenserwhereelectricityisstored.Butthisisanentirelywrongconception,thenamenotwithstanding.37.Every…not和All…not結(jié)構(gòu),Every…not表示不見得每個……都是……;All…not表示不見得所有……都是……的意思。Everymanisnotpolite,andallarenotborngentlemen.38.mayaswellnot…as結(jié)構(gòu),此結(jié)構(gòu)可譯為與其……不如不……。Onemayaswellnotknowathingatallasknowitbutimperfectly.39.haveonlyto…do結(jié)構(gòu),此結(jié)構(gòu)表示只須(消)……就能……的意思。WehaveonlytoturntothatextraordinarydiscoverymadebyEdisontoseethesignificanceofit.40.not(no)…unless…句型Noincreaseinoutputcanbeexpectedunlessanewassemblylineisinstalled.41.better…than…句型Bettermylifeshouldbeendedbytheirhate,thanthathatedlifeshouldbeprolongedtolivewithoutyourlove.42.asitwere是一個非常常用的插入語,意思是好象,可以說等。Apieceofironnearamagnet,thoughapparentlyseparatefromit,feels,asitwere,thethreadsofthisattachment.43.復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu),在下面例句中,由于anyone的定語從句過長,把謂語mustrealize提到定語從句之前。Thoughfaithandconfidencearesurelymoreorlassforeigntomynature,Idonotinfrequentlyfindmyselflookingtothemtobeable,diligent,candid,andevenhonest.Plainlyenough,thatistoolargeanorder,asanyonemustrealizewhoreflectsuponthemannerinwhichtheyreachpublicoffice.44.not…anymorethan…為:不能……,正如不能……。Onecannotlearntosketchandexpresshimselfgraphicallyonlybyreadingaboutitanymorethanonecanlearntoswimwhilestandingbythepool.45.Bythatasitmay是Letitbethatasitmay的省略形式,是由be引起的另外一種假設(shè)結(jié)構(gòu),意思是雖然如此,盡管這樣。Itissaidthatthenervepoisonisthemoreprimitiveofthetwo,thatthebloodpoisonis,sotospeak,anewproductfromanimprovedformula.Bethatasitmay,thenervepoisondoesitsbusinesswithmanfarmorequicklythanthebloodpoison.46.ifatall是一個由if引起的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)不完整的短句結(jié)為即將……,即使……等。Icanseeonlywithgreatdifficulty,ifatall.47.由there引起的句型容易產(chǎn)生復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu).Therehavebeenopeneduptothevastandexcellentscience,inwhichmyworkisthebeginning,waysandmeansbywhichothermindsmoreaccuratethanwinewillexploreitsremotecorners.48.rangefrom…to…結(jié)構(gòu)。這是一個常見結(jié)構(gòu),譯時很多情況下應(yīng)變通處理,不能完全依靠辭典上的釋義。Computerapplicationsrangefromanassemblylinecompletelyrunbycomputerstoachildrentoyrespondingtoremotesignals.49.theway…結(jié)構(gòu)Ialwaysthoughtshewasacommon-sensepersonwhodiscussedthingsthewaytheyoughttobediscussed.50.復(fù)雜賓補結(jié)構(gòu)Inrecentyears,thedevelopmentofsensitiveandaccuratemeasuringequipmenthasmadeitpossibletomeasuretheacuityofhearingofanyindividualatdifferentfrequencies.51.某些分隔結(jié)構(gòu)1)動詞短語相關(guān)部分被分隔(當(dāng)makeuseof,takenoticeof,payattentionto,等動詞短語變成被動語態(tài)時)。Useismadeofsolarenergyinheatinghouses.2)雙重定語引起的分隔。Butthereisofcultureanotherview,inwhichnotsolelythescientificpassion,thesheerdesiretoseethingsastheyare,naturalandproperinanintelligentbeing,appearsasthegroundofit.52.tobedoing…when…是一個句型,多譯為某人正在做……時,突然……。在簡單的句子中容易看出,一旦句子變得復(fù)雜一些,可能就不太容易識別這種句型。Shesaidsheandafriendhadgoneouttodinnerthatnight,andwerewalkinghometogetheratabout10o'clock,whenaverybig,verytallman,accostedthemanddemandedtheirpurses.53.too…to句型ThenIrememberedhowoftenI,too,hadbeenindifferenttothegrandeurofeachday,toopreoccupiedwithpettyandsometimesevenmeanconcernstorespondtothesplendorofitall.54.somuchthat…句型ButhedevelopedgraduallyaverymusicalEnglish.Helearnttowritesentencesthatfallawayontheearwithamistylanguoranditdelightedhimsomuchthathecouldneverhaveenoughofit.55.when引導(dǎo)狀語從句有時并不好譯,不能一看到when從句就考慮譯為當(dāng)……的時候,它還有許多種譯法。Anythingisbetterthannottowriteclearly.Thereisnothingtobesaidagainstlucidity,andagainstsimplicityonlythepossibilityofdryness.Thisisariskthatiswellworthtakingwhenyoureflecthowmuchbetteritistobeboldthantowearacurlywig.56.not…because…,有時可否定前面,有時可否定because本身,往往出現(xiàn)歧義。應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文面判定。In1600theearthwasnotthecenteroftheuniversebecausethemajoritythensupposeditwas;nor,becauseshehadmorereaders,wasEllawheelerWilcoxabetterpoetthanFatherHopkins.57.so…that,such…that是一個普通的句型,但在同一個句子里有兩處使用它卻比較少見。Thetruthis,thatinonepointofview,thismatterofnationalliteraturehascometosuchapasswithus,thatinsomesensewemustturnbullies,elsethedayislost,orsuperioritysofarbeyondus,thatwecanhardlysayitwilleverbeours.58.bydoing…結(jié)構(gòu)。這個結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是通過(做)……,但翻譯實踐中不能拘泥于這種釋義,不少情況下需要靈活變通。Thehippos,bydepositingdunginthewater,fedthefishthatsupportthestorksthatdestroytheraretrees.59.下面例句為一倒裝句,主語很長,而且又含有非常復(fù)雜的句型。這是以形容詞作表語的倒裝,翻譯實踐中多把倒裝部分譯到最前面。Nolessobviousisthefacttherearegreatnumbersofpeoplesoconstitutedorsobroughtupthattheycannotgetsomuchpleasureoutofprocessesandexperiencesresultinginapoorerlifelessfullofmeaning.60.what…of句型IcannotsayofmyselfwhatJohnsonsaidofPopeHeneverpassedafaultunamendedbyindifference,norquitteditbydespair.IdonotwriteasIdo;IwriteasIcan.61.英語的一個習(xí)慣用法是:當(dāng)否定謂語think(believe)時,實際上是否定其后面的賓語從句。否定就落在賓語從句上。這樣賓語從句就變成了雙重否定,譯時可以按雙重否定譯,也可按肯定來譯。Itisavaluablework.Idonotthinkanyonewritessowellthathecannotlearnmuchfromit.62.tohavenot…(as)tosee…中的不定式也有否定意味。Hehadnotthegoodbreedingtoseethatsimplicityandnaturalnessarethetruestmarksofdistinction.63.Itoccurredtosb.that…意為突然想到,Itdawnedonsb.that….突然想起等。從句是想起的內(nèi)容。Irememberoncebeingonabusandlookingatastranger.Hesuddenlylookedbackatme-i.e.oureyesmet.Myinstinctivereactionwastoavertmygaze.ItoccurredtomethatifIhadcontinuedtomaintaineyecontact,Iwouldhavebeenrudeandaggressive.64.Itfollowsthat…=Ithappensasaresult…常常被譯為由此可見,因此,從前,可以推斷等等。Itfollowsthatthehousewifewillalsoexpecttobeabletohavemoreleisureinherlifewithoutloweringherstandardofliving.Italsofollowsthathumandomesticservantswillhavecompletelyceasedtoexist.65.that'sallthereistoit,意思是也不過如此而已??筛鶕?jù)上下文視情況處理。IfI'mtouched,I'mtouched-that'sallthereistoit.66.Thechancesarethat…是一句型,譯為有可能……。Thechancesareyouwillneverattemptthatspeedwithpoetryorwanttoracethoughsomepassagesinfictionoverwhichyouwishtolinger.67.Feel,see,leave引起賓語的賓語補足語,或在被動語態(tài)中引起主語補足語的某些慣用句型,有時see和feel這兩個詞的被動式不大好譯。遇到這種情況應(yīng)挖掘其深層含義,不要拘泥于表面形式。Theeducationoftheyoungisseentobeofprimaryimportance.68.某詞以no,nowhere,never,not…bout,not…any,nothingbut,hardly,scarcely,seldom等否定詞語引出的一些結(jié)構(gòu)。

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