2022年湖北省新高考聯(lián)考高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題

2021-2022學(xué)年湖北省新高考聯(lián)考高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ABOSTONMARATHONTRAININGPLANWelcometotheBostonMarathonTrainingPlan.DevelopedbytheBostonAthleticsAssociation(B.A.A.),thetrainingplanwillhelpguideyoutosuccess.Itisespeciallysuitableforthe2020BostonMarathoncompetitors,andisnotnecessarilyintendedforotherevents.TheplanstartsonThursday,November22,andendinonThursday,April11,2020.Therearefourlevelsoftrainingplansdesignedtohelpyou,whetheryouarerunningoverfivehoursorgoingforasub-threehourmarathon:?LevelOneisdesignedaroundrunninganaverageoffourdaysperweek.?LevelTwowillhaveyourunanaverageoffivedaysperweek.?LevelThreewillbeanaverageofsixdaysperweek.?LevelFourwillhaveyoutrainingsixtosevendaysperweek.Thestep-by-stepincreaseindailyandweeklyadvantageisdesignedtochallengeyouwhilealsoreducingtheriskoftrainingtoohard.Allfourplansbuildasolidbaseofrunningfitness,andwillhelptrytomaximizeyourracepotential.Aswithanytrainingplan,whatisoutlinedismerelyaguideonhowtobuildandarrangeyourweeklyrunningroutine.TheB.A.A.BostonMarathonTrainingPlanmaterialisintendedtobeofgeneralinformationaluseandisnotintendedtobeanyfitnessormedicaladvice.Youshouldalwaysconsultaqualifiedandlicensedmedicalprofessionalbeforebeginningorchanginganyexerciseprogram.Pleaseusepersonaljudgmentwhenparticipatinginanytrainingorexerciseprogram.InformationcontainedwithintheB.A.A.BostonMarathonTrainingPlanmaynotbereproducedoradaptedwithoutapprovedwrittenpermitsfromtheBostonAthleticAssociation.Goodlucktoallrunners.21.ThisBostonMarathonTrainingplanispurposelydesignedfor______.A.the2020BostonMarathonorganizers B.the2020BostonMarathonparticipantsC.the2020AmericanMarathoncompetitors D.the2020Marathonrunnersaroundtheworld22.Whatdoweknowaboutthefourlevelsofthetrainingplan?A.Theyaredesignedwithaflexibletimetable.B.Theyrequirestricttimeontraining.C.Theyaresuitableforrunnersofallages.D.Theycanhelpyoubuildandarrangeyourdailyrunningroutine.23.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?A.Fourlevelstrainingplanenablesyoutomakethebestuseofyourpotential.B.Youshouldjudgebyyourselfwhichtrainingprogramsuitsyoubest.C.Youcanchangeyourtrainingplanundertheguidanceofyourmedicalprofessional.D.The2020BostonMarathonPlanoffersadviceonbothtrainingandrunningfitness.【答案】21.B22.A23.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一則波士頓馬拉松訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃，介紹了訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃的四個(gè)水平以及注意事項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Itisespeciallysuitableforthe2020BostonMarathoncompetitors,andisnotnecessarilyintendedforotherevents.(它特別適用于2020年波士頓馬拉松賽的參賽者，并不一定適用于其他賽事)”可知，這次波士頓馬拉松訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃是專為2020年波士頓馬拉松選手設(shè)計(jì)的。故選B?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“?LevelOneisdesignedaroundrunninganaverageoffourdaysperweek.?LevelTwowillhaveyourunanaverageoffivedaysperweek.?LevelThreewillbeanaverageofsixdaysperweek.?LevelFourwillhaveyoutrainingsixtosevendaysperweek.(?第一級(jí)的設(shè)計(jì)是平均每周跑步4天。?二級(jí)要求你平均每周跑步5天。?第三級(jí)是平均每周6天。?四級(jí)會(huì)讓你每周訓(xùn)練6到7天)”以及倒數(shù)第三段中“Thestep-by-stepincreaseindailyandweeklyadvantageisdesignedtochallengeyouwhilealsoreducingtheriskoftrainingtoohard.(每天和每周逐步增加的優(yōu)勢(shì)是為了挑戰(zhàn)你，同時(shí)也減少過(guò)度訓(xùn)練的風(fēng)險(xiǎn))”可推知，訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃的四個(gè)水平的時(shí)間表是靈活的。故選A?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“TheB.A.A.BostonMarathonTrainingPlanmaterialisintendedtobeofgeneralinformationaluseandisnotintendedtobeanyfitnessormedicaladvice.(B.A.A.波士頓馬拉松訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃材料的目的是為了提供一般的信息，而不是為了提供任何健身或醫(yī)療建議)”可知，D選項(xiàng)“2020年波士頓馬拉松計(jì)劃提供了訓(xùn)練和跑步健身方面的建議”不正確。故選D。BYougooutforameal.YouscanaQRcodetoorderthefood,butitasksforyourphonenumber.Yourideinataxi,andyouraddressesareleaked.Yougobackhomeandareaskedtolookintoafacialrecognitioncamera.Datacollectioniseverywhere.However,thepersonalinformationcollectedbycompaniescanbeleakedformarketingorusedforcommunicationsfraud.Accordingtoa2018surveyof5,458peoplebytheChinaConsumersAssociation,85.2percentofpeoplesaidtheyhadexperiencedpersonalinformationleaksfromapplicationsontheirsmartphones.Mostsaidtheygotunwantedcallsortextmessagesafterward.OnNov1,thepersonalinformationprotectionlawcameintoeffectinChina.Thelawdefinespersonalinformationasanykindofinformationaboutpeoplewhoareorcanbeidentified,inelectronicorotherforms.Soaperson’sname,dateofbirth,IDnumber,addressandphonenumberareallpersonalinformation.Accordingtothelaw,activitiessuchascollecting,using,processingandtradingofpersonalinformationwillbestrictlyregulated.Onekeyruleisthatthosehandlingpersonalinformationshouldinformusersandgetpermission.Forsensitiveinformation,suchasfingerprints,faces,religiousbeliefs,medicalhealth,financialaccountsandalldatarelatingtominorsunder14,therearestricterrulesonrelatedactivities.Protectionofpersonalinformationofonlineplatformusersisespeciallystressed.AccordingtoareportreleasedinJuneonInternetdevelopmentinChina,thecountryhasmorethanonebillionInternetusersand60percentofsurveyedapplicationshadcollectedusers’informationillegally.Manyappswouldcollectusers’informationevenwhentheappwasnotinuse.Theycouldaccessthephone-book,photos,turnonthemicrophoneandgettheusers’location.That’swhyprotectionofpersonalinformationisneeded,accordingtoZhouHanhua,aresearcherwiththeInstituteofLawoftheChineseAcademyofSocialSciences.24.Whydoestheauthormentionaperson'sdailyroutineinthefirstparagraph?A.Toremindusoftheimportanceofourpersonalinformation.B.Toinformusthatpersonalinformationiswidelyusedinourdailylife.C.Toshowthatourpersonalinformationisexposedeasilythroughouttheday.D.Todemonstratethatadvancedtechnologiesaremakinglifemoreconvenient.25.Accordingtothetext,thefollowingitemsaresensitiveinformationEXCEPT______.A.aperson’sname B.bankaccounts C.fingerprints D.religiousbeliefs26.InZhouHanhua’sopinion,protectionofpersonalinformationisneededbecause______.A.personalinformationleakswillboostcommunicationsfraudB.personalinformationisoftensecretlycollectedbysomeappsC.manyappswillmakeuseofusers’informationinsomeillegalactivitiesD.manyappswillletoutthepersonalinformationwiththepermissionoftheusers27.Whichoneisthebesttitleforthetext?A.ProtectingYourInformation B.ANewLawComingintoEffectC.MindingYourSensitiveInformation D.KeepingawayfromCommunicationsFraud【答案】24.C25.A26.B27.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章圍繞保護(hù)個(gè)人信息展開，闡述了個(gè)人信息泄露的普遍現(xiàn)象和信息保護(hù)法律條文的具體內(nèi)容，并提醒人們信息泄露的各種方式和提高保護(hù)個(gè)人信息的意識(shí)。【24題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Yougooutforameal.YouscanaQRcodetoorderthefood,butitasksforyourphonenumber.Yourideinataxi,andyouraddressesareleaked.Yougobackhomeandareaskedtolookintoafacialrecognitioncamera.Datacollectioniseverywhere.(你出去吃飯。你掃描二維碼點(diǎn)餐，但它需要你的電話號(hào)碼。你坐出租車，你的地址被泄露了。你回到家，被要求觀察面部識(shí)別攝像頭。數(shù)據(jù)收集無(wú)處不在)”可推知，作者在第一段提到一個(gè)人的日常生活是為了表明我們的個(gè)人信息在一天中很容易暴露。故選C。【25題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Soaperson’sname,dateofbirth,IDnumber,addressandphonenumberareallpersonalinformation.(因此，一個(gè)人的姓名、出生日期、身份證號(hào)碼、地址和電話號(hào)碼都是個(gè)人信息)”以及第四段中“Forsensitiveinformation,suchasfingerprints,faces,religiousbeliefs,medicalhealth,financialaccountsandalldatarelatingtominorsunder14,therearestricterrulesonrelatedactivities.(對(duì)于敏感信息，如指紋、面孔、宗教信仰、醫(yī)療健康、財(cái)務(wù)賬戶和與14歲以下未成年人有關(guān)的所有數(shù)據(jù)，對(duì)相關(guān)活動(dòng)有更嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定)”可知，姓名不是敏感信息，故選A?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Manyappswouldcollectusers’informationevenwhentheappwasnotinuse.Theycouldaccessthephone-book,photos,turnonthemicrophoneandgettheusers’location.That’swhyprotectionofpersonalinformationisneeded,accordingtoZhouHanhua,aresearcherwiththeInstituteofLawoftheChineseAcademyofSocialSciences.(許多應(yīng)用程序會(huì)收集用戶的信息，即使是在不使用的情況下。他們可以訪問(wèn)電話簿、照片、打開麥克風(fēng)并獲取用戶的位置。中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院法學(xué)研究所研究員周漢華表示，這就是為什么需要保護(hù)個(gè)人信息)”可知，周漢華認(rèn)為，一些應(yīng)用程序經(jīng)常會(huì)秘密收集個(gè)人信息，因此需要對(duì)個(gè)人信息進(jìn)行保護(hù)。故選B。【27題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Manyappswouldcollectusers’informationevenwhentheappwasnotinuse.Theycouldaccessthephone-book,photos,turnonthemicrophoneandgettheusers’location.That’swhyprotectionofpersonalinformationisneeded,accordingtoZhouHanhua,aresearcherwiththeInstituteofLawoftheChineseAcademyofSocialSciences.(許多應(yīng)用程序會(huì)收集用戶的信息，即使是在不使用的情況下。他們可以訪問(wèn)電話簿、照片、打開麥克風(fēng)并獲取用戶的位置。中國(guó)社會(huì)科學(xué)院法學(xué)研究所研究員周漢華表示，這就是為什么需要保護(hù)個(gè)人信息)”結(jié)合文章圍繞保護(hù)個(gè)人信息展開，闡述了個(gè)人信息泄露的普遍現(xiàn)象和信息保護(hù)法律條文的具體內(nèi)容，并提醒人們信息泄露的各種方式和提高保護(hù)個(gè)人信息的意識(shí)。A選項(xiàng)“保護(hù)你的信息”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。CEveryyear,workersputupabig,freshlycutevergreentreeinahistoricbuildinginAsburyPark,NewJerseytocelebrateChristmas.ButrecentlyworkersputupaverydifferentkindofChristmasTreeinstead.Unlikeanevergreen,itrequireslittlecareandcanneverdie.Thatisbecausethe2021ChristmasTreeismadewhollyofathickandstrongpapermaterialcalledcardboard.Whenthewinterholidaysend,the“tree”istoberecycled.Thepieceusesnaturalandartificiallightingtodarkenpartsofthetreewhileshininglightonothers.Inthisway,thepiece’sappearancechangesthroughouttheday.Thetree’screatorssoughttohonorelementsofAsburyPark’snaturalenvironment,cityscapeandrichmusicalhistory.Opinionsonthetreearemixed.“Ilikethatit’sdifferent…It’sprettyinteresting”saidlocalmanChrisTrifari.LocalElizabethKhimitchofferedsimilarpraise.“Ithinkit’sverycreative.”ShehadcometotheGrandArcadetotakepicturesofherdogsinfrontofthetree.Othersontheboardwalkwerenotaspleasedbythetree.AntonySolimandosaiditlookedlike“anAmazonpackage.”“Can’twejusthaveourtraditionaltree?”addedAmyMackey.MichaelLavallee,alocalartistwhogoesbythenamePorkchop,createdthepiecewithBradHoffer.TheycallitTheGivingTree.HesaidthecompanytoldhimtherewouldnotbeanaturalChristmastreeatConventionHallthisyear.“Iwasaskedtocomeinanddosomethingfestive-ish,”saidPorkchop.Festivemeanscelebratory,especiallyinconnectionwithaholiday.AmyQuinnisAsburyPark’sdeputymayor.QuinnsaidthecityisnotinvolvedintheConventionHalldecisions,butthatshelikesthepiece.Shesaid,“Ilovethatit’sdifferent.Loveitorhateit,peoplearetalkingaboutit.”28.Accordingtothetext,whichoneisNOTthecharacteristicofthepaperChristmastree?A.Itcanbereusednextyear. B.Itneedslesscare.C.Itcanchangethroughouttheday. D.Itcanberecycled.29.WhatcanbeinferredfromthetextaboutthecreatorsofthepaperChristmastree?A.Theyarebothenvironmentalists.B.TheywantedtoshowrespecttoAsburyPark’snaturallandscape.C.TheythoughtthepaperChristmastreewassomethingmuchmoreimpressive.D.TheywantedtocreateatotallydifferentChristmasforthelocalpeople.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthefourthparagraphprobablymean?A.Dramatic. B.Spectacular. C.Substantial. D.Celebratory.31.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A.Alocalnewspaper. B.Atravelguide.C.Afoodmagazine. D.ASciencereport.【答案】28.A29.B30.D31.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要說(shuō)明了新澤西州阿斯伯里公園采用紙圣誕樹來(lái)代替常青樹，介紹了紙質(zhì)圣誕樹的一些特點(diǎn)以及人們對(duì)此的不同看法?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Unlikeanevergreen,itrequireslittlecareandcanneverdie.Thatisbecausethe2021ChristmasTreeismadewhollyofathickandstrongpapermaterialcalledcardboard.Whenthewinterholidaysend,the“tree”istoberecycled.Thepieceusesnaturalandartificiallightingtodarkenpartsofthetreewhileshininglightonothers.Inthisway,thepiece’sappearancechangesthroughouttheday.(不像常青樹，它不需要照料，永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)死亡。這是因?yàn)?021年的圣誕樹完全是由一種叫做紙板的厚而結(jié)實(shí)的紙材料制成的。當(dāng)寒假結(jié)束時(shí)，這棵“樹”將被回收。該作品使用自然和人工照明，使樹木的部分變暗，同時(shí)照亮其他部分。通過(guò)這種方式，作品的外觀在一天中不斷變化)”可知，A項(xiàng)“明年可以重復(fù)使用”不是紙質(zhì)圣誕樹的特點(diǎn)。故選A。29題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thetree’screatorssoughttohonorelementsofAsburyPark’snaturalenvironment,cityscapeandrichmusicalhistory.(這棵樹的創(chuàng)造者試圖尊重AsburyPark的自然環(huán)境、城市景觀和豐富的音樂(lè)歷史元素)”可推知，制作紙圣誕樹是為了表達(dá)對(duì)AsburyPark自然環(huán)境及城市歷史的敬意。故選B?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“Festivemeanscelebratory,especiallyinconnectionwithaholiday.”可知，F(xiàn)estive意為慶祝的，尤指與節(jié)日有關(guān)，故此處MichaelLavallee用festive-ish想表達(dá)“具有節(jié)日氣氛，慶祝的”的含義。A.Dramatic.戲劇性的；B.Spectacular.壯觀的；C.Substantial.大量的；D.Celebratory.慶祝的。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Everyyear,workersputupabig,freshlycutevergreentreeinahistoricbuildinginAsburyPark,NewJerseytocelebrateChristmas.ButrecentlyworkersputupaverydifferentkindofChristmasTreeinstead.(每年，工人們都會(huì)在新澤西州阿斯伯里公園的一幢歷史建筑中，豎起一棵新砍下來(lái)的大常青樹來(lái)慶祝圣誕節(jié)。但最近，工人們換上了一種非常不同的圣誕樹)”結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了新澤西州阿斯伯里公園采用紙圣誕樹來(lái)代替常青樹，介紹了紙質(zhì)圣誕樹的一些特點(diǎn)以及人們對(duì)此的不同看法。可推知文章選自當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙。故選A。DScientistssaybabysharksareatriskofbeingbornsmallerandwithouttheenergytheyneedtosurvivebecauseofwarmingoceansfromclimatechange.Scientistsstudiedepaulettesharks,whichliveoffAustraliaandNewGuinea.Theyfoundthatwarmerconditionsspedupthesharks5growingprocess.Thatmeantthesharkswerebornearlierandverytired.Thefindingscouldbeusedinthestudyofothersharks,includingthosethatgivebirthtolivingyoung.Thescientistsstudied27sharks.Somewereraisedinaveragesummerwatertemperatures,about27degreesCelsius.Otherswereraisedinhighertemperaturesaround29degreesCelsiusand31degreesCelsius.Theyfoundthatthesharksraisedinthewarmesttemperaturesweighedmuchlessthanthoseraisedinaveragetemperatures.Theyalsoshowedreducedenergylevels.EpauletteSharkscangrowtoalengthofaboutonemeter.Theirnamecomesfromlargespotsontheirbodiesthatlooklikedecorationsonsomemilitaryclothing.Onestudythisyearfoundthatworldwidenumbersofoceanicsharksandraysdroppedmorethan70percentbetween1970and2018.Overfishingisamainconcern,whileclimatechangeandpollutionalsothreatensharks.CarolynWheelerisadoctoralstudentattheUniversityofMassachusettsBostonandwiththeARCCentreofExcellenceforCoralReefStudiesatJamesCookUniversityinAustralia.Shewastheleadauthoroftheepaulettesharkstudy.Shesaidthatwhileallthesharkssurvived,thoseraisedinwarmertemperatureswerenotstrongenoughtosurviveforlonginthewild.Sheadded,“Ifthesharksarebornsmallerthanusual,theyareprobablygoingtohavetostartlookingforfoodsooner—andthey’regoingtohavelesstimetoadjusttotheirsurroundings.”Thestudyshouldserveasawarningtooceangoverningagenciesthatcarefulmanagementisneededtopreventthelossofmoresharks.32.Accordingtothetext,howdoesthewarmerconditionsaffectthebabysharks?A.Theyaffecttheirbodyweight. B.Theydestroytheirfood.C.Theyrescheduletheirmovingroute. D.Theyaffecttheirbodytemperature.33.Thescientistscarriedoutthetheirstudyby______.A.trackingsharksinthewildB.collectingandstudyingformerdataC.comparingsharksinwatersofdifferenttemperaturesD.analyzingtheinformationofclimatechangefornearly50years34.Whatdoesthefifthparagraphmainlytalkabout?AThesharks’livingenvironment. B.Thethreatstosharks’survival.C.Thesharks’appearance. D.Theoriginofsharks’names.35.WhatisCarolynWheeler’attitudetowardsthechangesofthesharks?A.Indifferent. B.Optimistic.C.Concerned. D.Critical.【答案】32.A33.C34.B35.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究說(shuō)明了受到氣候變化影響的海洋不利于鯊魚等海洋動(dòng)物的生存?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Scientistssaybabysharksareatriskofbeingbornsmallerandwithouttheenergytheyneedtosurvivebecauseofwarmingoceansfromclimatechange.(科學(xué)家表示，由于氣候變化導(dǎo)致海洋變暖，小鯊魚在出生時(shí)可能會(huì)變得更小，而且沒(méi)有生存所需的能量。)”及第三段中“Theyfoundthatthesharksraisedinthewarmesttemperaturesweighedmuchlessthanthoseraisedinaveragetemperatures.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在最高溫度下長(zhǎng)大的鯊魚比在平均溫度下長(zhǎng)大的鯊魚體重要輕得多。)”可知，溫暖的環(huán)境影響小鯊魚的體重。故選A項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thescientistsstudied27sharks.Somewereraisedinaveragesummerwatertemperatures,about27degreesCelsius.Otherswereraisedinhighertemperaturesaround29degreesCelsiusand31degreesCelsius.(科學(xué)家們研究了27條鯊魚。其中一些被飼養(yǎng)在平均夏季水溫27攝氏度左右。另一些則被飼養(yǎng)在更高的溫度，大約29攝氏度和31攝氏度。)”可知，科學(xué)家們通過(guò)比較不同溫度水域中的鯊魚來(lái)進(jìn)行他們的研究。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段中“Onestudythisyearfoundthatworldwidenumbersofoceanicsharksandraysdroppedmorethan70percentbetween1970and2018.Overfishingisamainconcern,whileclimatechangeandpollutionalsothreatensharks.(今年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，1970年至2018年期間，全球海洋鯊魚和鰩魚的數(shù)量下降了70%以上。過(guò)度捕撈是一個(gè)主要問(wèn)題，而氣候變化和污染也威脅著鯊魚。)”可知，本段主要講述了鯊魚生存面臨的威脅。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Shesaidthatwhileallthesharkssurvived,thoseraisedinwarmertemperatureswerenotstrongenoughtosurviveforlonginthewild.(她說(shuō)，雖然所有的鯊魚都存活了下來(lái)，但那些在較高溫度下長(zhǎng)大的鯊魚不夠強(qiáng)壯，無(wú)法在野外生存很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。)”以及最后一段中CarolynWheeler所說(shuō)“Ifthesharksarebornsmallerthanusual,theyareprobablygoingtohavetostartlookingforfoodsooner—andthey’regoingtohavelesstimetoadjusttotheirsurroundings.(如果鯊魚出生時(shí)體型比平時(shí)小，它們可能就不得不更快地開始尋找食物——它們適應(yīng)環(huán)境的時(shí)間就會(huì)更少。)”可知，CarolynWheeler關(guān)心著并擔(dān)心著鯊魚的生存問(wèn)題。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。TipsforbathinginwinterEveryonetakesbaths.Itcannotonlycleanyourbodybutalsoliftyourmood.Itfeelsgoodtohaveanicehotbathduringthewinter,butitcanalsocausedryskin.____36____?Let’shavealook.Q:Whydoyoufeelitchyafterabathinwinter?A:Theoutermostlayerofhumanskinisthestratumcorneum（角質(zhì)層）.Ontopofit,thereisalayerofsebum(皮脂).____37____,accordingtoHealthline,aUShealthwebsite.Inwinter,theairiscolderanddrier.Ourbodiesmakelesssweat,sowehavelesssebum.Frequentbathinganduseofbathsoapcantakeawaythesebum.So,yourskinmayitchandgetdandruff（皮屑）,accordingtoChinaScienceCommunication.Q:____38____?A:Manypeopleshoweratleastonceaday.Insummer,youmighteventaketwoorthreeofthemdependingonthedayandyouractivitylevel.Yourskinmightbedrierinwinter.Inthiscasetoomanyshowerscanbringonextremedryness.____39____.RajaniKatta,aprofessoratBaylorcollegeofmedicineintheus,recommendsshoweringwithlukewarm(溫?zé)岬?waterfornomorethan10to15minutesduringthecoldseason.Q:Whenshouldyoutakeabathinwinter?A:Somepeopletendtotakeashowerinthemorning,whileothersliketobatheintheevening.Whichisabetterchoice?Ahotwaterbathinwintercanmakeyousorelaxedthatyoufeelliketakinganapassoonasyouleavethebathroom.Inotherwords,yourmorningbathwilldonothingtoheightenyoursenseswhentacklingabrandnewday.____40____.A.ItcanprotectandhydrateourskinB.HowoftenshouldyoutakeabathinwinterC.WhatelseshouldweprepareforbathinginwinterD.WhatelsedoweneedtoknowaboutbathinginwinterE.However,ashowereverydaywillalsomakeyourskindrierF.Yet,ashowereverydaymaynotnegativelyaffectyourskinG.Instead,itislikelytomakeyoulazy,accordingtothenewspaperOrrisaPost【答案】36.D37.A38.B39.F40.G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是冬天洗澡的小貼士?！?6題詳解】本空處在第一段，在空格前的“Itfeelsgoodtohaveanicehotbathduringthewinter,butitcanalsocausedryskin.（冬天洗個(gè)熱水澡感覺(jué)很好，但也會(huì)導(dǎo)致皮膚干燥。）”引出冬天里洗澡可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致皮膚干燥問(wèn)題之后，介紹本文的主要內(nèi)容：冬季洗澡應(yīng)注意和了解些什么？D選項(xiàng)“Whatelsedoweneedtoknowaboutbathinginwinter（關(guān)于冬天洗澡我們還需要知道什么）”引出下文內(nèi)容，符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。【37題詳解】空格前說(shuō)“Ontopofit,thereisalayerofsebum.（在它上面，有一層皮脂。）”，A項(xiàng)“Itcanprotectandhydrateourskin（它可以保護(hù)和保濕我們的皮膚）”中it指的是上一句中的“alayerofsebum”，因此A選項(xiàng)承接上文，說(shuō)明了皮脂的作用，符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。【38題詳解】本空考查段落標(biāo)題的概括。根據(jù)下文答語(yǔ)“Manypeopleshoweratleastonceaday.Insummer,youmighteventaketwoorthreeofthemdependingonthedayandyouractivitylevel.（很多人一天至少洗一次澡。在夏天，你甚至可以根據(jù)一天的時(shí)間和你的活動(dòng)水平洗澡兩到三次。）”可知問(wèn)的是有關(guān)洗澡頻率的問(wèn)題，B選項(xiàng)“Howoftenshouldyoutakeabathinwinter（冬天多久洗一次澡）”概括本段內(nèi)容，符合語(yǔ)境，故選B?！?9題詳解】前一句“Inthiscasetoomanyshowerscanbringonextremedryness.（在這種情況下，過(guò)多的淋浴會(huì)導(dǎo)致極度干燥。）”說(shuō)洗澡太多導(dǎo)致皮膚極度干燥，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Yet,ashowereverydaymaynotnegativelyaffectyourskin（然而，每天洗澡一次可能不會(huì)對(duì)你的皮膚產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響）”繼續(xù)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)每日一次還是可以的，和上文的“toomanyshowers”相互呼應(yīng)，因此F選項(xiàng)承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境，故選F?！?0題詳解】空格前說(shuō)“Inotherwords,yourmorningbathwilldonothingtoheightenyoursenseswhentacklingabrandnewday.（換句話說(shuō)，當(dāng)你面對(duì)全新的一天時(shí)，你的晨浴并不能提高你的感官。）”，G選項(xiàng)“Instead,itislikelytomakeyoulazy,accordingtothenewspaperOrrisaPost（相反，根據(jù)OrrisaPost的報(bào)道，它可能會(huì)讓你變得懶惰，）”銜接上一句所說(shuō)早晨洗澡不能使你精神煥發(fā)，而會(huì)讓你懶散乏力，因此G選項(xiàng)承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。第三部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。IgrewupinMichiganandhavelovedboatssinceIwasyoung.I’dgooutonmydad’sfishingboat,andeverybirthdayI’dgetaminiatureboatwithaviewingwindow.InMichigan,we’re____41____bylakesandIsoondiscoveredthatIloveddivingand____42____skippedschooldaysforthebeach.Threeyearsago,I____43____putforwardanideaofrunningglass-bottomboattourstoaninvestor.Itstartedin2018.Atpresent,Mysons____44____,manningthedeck(甲板)andphones.WeheadoutontheCheboyganriverandLakeHuron.Wesailpastlotsofplacesof____45____,withahistorianonboardexplainingthehistory.Weoftenscantherivertoseewhatwecanfind.Oneweekendthisyear,Imeta____46____client.IthoughtIshouldfindsomethingtoshowhimandmanagedtofindagiantshell.ThenIsawagreenbottle.Iswamtomyboat,tookaphotoandthenopenedthebottle.Itwasfullofwaterandhadapaperinside.I____47____thepaperandsawthedate—November1926.Wewereallamazed.Thenote____48____:“ReturnthispapertoGeorgeMorrow.”Iwassoexcitedtohavefoundit.Wemadesuretokeepthepapersafe.Beforeleavingtheharbor,IpostedapictureonmyFacebookpageanddidn’texpectwhatfollowed.Thenextmorning,myphone____49____withmessages.WhileIwasdrivinghome,IgotaphonecallfromMichelePrimeau.ShetoldmeshewasGeorgeMorrow’sdaughter.Ididn’tbelieveher_____50_____.Shesaidherdadwouldfloatnotesinbottleswhenhewentonvacationor_____51_____theminwallswhenredecorating.She_____52_____hehadpostedthisoneonhis18thbirthday.Inautumn,Michelecametovisit.Shebroughtsomeofhiswritingandthehandwritingmatched.She_____53_____Ikeepthemessageandthebottle.Itnowsitsinadisplaycaseinmyshop.ThatFacebookpostnowhas87,000_____54_____.Inahardyear,thediscoveryhasbroughtpurejoy._____55_____aScubadiver(水肺潛水員),thisfeelslikealifetimeachievement.41.A.surrounded B.estimated C.defended D.integrated42.A.even B.somehow C.merely D.anyhow43A.exceptionally B.entirely C.gradually D.successfully44.A.callout B.helpwith C.helpout D.callup45.A.history B.significance C.interest D.entertainment46.A.elegant B.remote C.reliable D.potential47.A.unfolded B.opened C.uncovered D.exposed48.A.presented B.wrote C.read D.showed49.A.pouredout B.blewup C.brokeout D.setup50.A.atfirst B.aboveall C.inturn D.inreturn51.A.stuffed B.displayed C.deserted D.hid52.A.spokeup B.workedout C.spokeout D.workedup53.A.insisted B.convinced C.appealed D.anticipated54.A.critics B.fans C.likes D.inquiries55.A.For B.As C.With D.Alongside【答案】41.A42.A43.D44.C45.B46.D47.A48.C49.B50.A51.D52.B53.A54.C55.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。本文講述作者從小就受到生活環(huán)境的影響非常喜歡船，喜歡水邊生活，長(zhǎng)大后繼續(xù)以水為伴，推出游船觀光項(xiàng)目。在海上偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)1926年的漂流瓶，并找到了和它有關(guān)的人。【41題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在密歇根，我們周圍都是湖，我很快就發(fā)現(xiàn)我喜歡潛水，甚至為了去海灘翹課。A.surrounded包圍；B.estimated估計(jì)；C.defended保衛(wèi)；D.integrated整合，并入。此空應(yīng)填surrounded，意為被湖環(huán)繞，用來(lái)介紹作者自己的生活環(huán)境，在水邊長(zhǎng)大，喜歡水，熱愛潛水。故選A項(xiàng)。【42題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在密歇根，我們周圍都是湖，我很快就發(fā)現(xiàn)我喜歡潛水，甚至為了去海灘翹課。A.even甚至；B.somehow不知怎么地，用了某種辦法；C.merely僅僅，只是；D.anyhow不管怎樣，無(wú)論如何。熱愛潛水，甚至上課的日子曠課去海邊玩，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)作者對(duì)沙灘和潛水的癡迷。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：三年前，我成功地向一位投資者提出了開辦玻璃底船游的想法。A.exceptionally例外地；B.entirely完全地；C.gradually逐漸地；D.successfully成功地。根據(jù)下一句“Itstartedin2018”，游船觀光項(xiàng)目開業(yè)了，說(shuō)明作者成功地說(shuō)服了投資者。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，我的兒子們?cè)趲兔?，管理甲板和電話。A.callout大喊；B.helpwith幫著……；C.helpout幫助；D.callup喚起回憶，打電話。作者和投資人創(chuàng)辦的，兒子們應(yīng)該是幫忙營(yíng)運(yùn)觀光船只，空后沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，helpwith不合適，其后面應(yīng)該有名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故選C項(xiàng)。【45題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們航行過(guò)許多名勝古跡，船上有一位歷史學(xué)家在講解歷史。A.history歷史；B.significance重要性，意義；C.interest興趣；D.entertainment娛樂(lè)消遣。下一句講到船上有一位史學(xué)工作者講解沿途景點(diǎn)的歷史故事。因此這些地方應(yīng)是名勝古跡，placesofinterest景點(diǎn)，名勝古跡。故選B項(xiàng)。【46題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：今年的一個(gè)周末，我遇到了一個(gè)潛在的客戶。A.elegant優(yōu)雅的；B.remote遙遠(yuǎn)的，偏僻的；C.reliable可靠的；D.potential潛在的。apotentialclient意為一個(gè)潛在的客戶。下一句“IthoughtIshouldfindsomethingtoshowhimandmanagedtofindagiantshell.(我想我應(yīng)該找些東西給他看，于是我設(shè)法找到了一個(gè)巨大的貝殼)”，作者這樣做應(yīng)該是想拉攏住客戶，即對(duì)方是一位潛在客戶。故選D項(xiàng)。【47題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我打開那張紙，看到了日期——1926年11月。A.unfolded展開；B.opened打開；C.uncovered揭開，揭露；D.exposed使……暴露。apaper一個(gè)紙質(zhì)的東西，應(yīng)該是折疊的，展開它才能看到里面的信息內(nèi)容，“展開紙張”應(yīng)使用unfold。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：紙條上寫著：“把這張紙還給喬治·莫羅?！盇.presented展示；B.wrote寫；C.read讀；……上寫道；D.showed展示，讓……看?！癛eturnthispapertoGeorgeMorrow.”是note紙條上所寫的內(nèi)容，“……上寫著……”英文表達(dá)常用動(dòng)詞say或read。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：第二天早上，我的手機(jī)就收到了很多信息。A.pouredout傾倒，傾訴；B.blewup爆炸；C.brokeout爆發(fā)；D.setup建立，創(chuàng)建，樹立，搭起。從下文“ThatFacebookpostnowhas87,000likes”可推測(cè)作者的帖子得到了許多關(guān)注，此處意為電話收到了太多信息，可以用blowup表示手機(jī)爆炸了，是一種夸張的說(shuō)法。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：一開始我不相信她。A.atfirst開始時(shí)，最初；B.aboveall最重要的是；C.inturn依次輪流；反過(guò)來(lái)，轉(zhuǎn)而；D.inreturn作為回報(bào)。她說(shuō)她是GeorgeMorrow的女兒，作者一開始是不相信的，如此久遠(yuǎn)的故事。所以后面她又解釋她爸爸的愛好，再后來(lái)又親自帶來(lái)父親寫的東西來(lái)比對(duì)筆跡，并且顯示字跡是相一致的，由此可以推測(cè)，最初作者不相信她的話。故選A項(xiàng)。【51題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她說(shuō)，她的父親在度假的時(shí)候會(huì)把紙條放在瓶子里，或者在重新裝修的時(shí)候把它們藏在墻上。A.stuffed填滿，裝滿；B.displayed展示，展覽；C.deserted荒棄，廢棄；D.hid隱藏。在房子重新裝修的時(shí)候?qū)⑵孔硬卦趬?，暫時(shí)不讓人發(fā)現(xiàn)。這個(gè)行為與做漂流瓶相似，留給未來(lái)的自己或別人驚喜。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：她發(fā)現(xiàn)這張紙條是他在18歲生日時(shí)發(fā)布的。A.spokeup大聲地說(shuō)；無(wú)保留地說(shuō)出；B.workedout計(jì)算出，搞清楚；C.spokeout暢所欲言；大膽地說(shuō)；D.workedup逐步建立；逐步發(fā)展；激發(fā)；整理。她不可能一下就能知道他父親哪年寫的這張紙條，她應(yīng)該是使用很多途徑去推算出，她的父親是在她18歲生日的時(shí)候寄出這個(gè)漂流瓶的，workout符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她堅(jiān)持要我保存這張紙條和瓶子。A.insisted堅(jiān)持；B.convinced使……信服；C.appealed吸引；D.anticipated預(yù)期，預(yù)料；預(yù)見（并做準(zhǔn)備）；期望，盼望。根據(jù)“Itnowsitsinadisplaycaseinmyshop.”推知，女士執(zhí)意要作者留下這個(gè)漂流瓶，insist符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這條臉書帖子現(xiàn)在有87000個(gè)贊。A.critics評(píng)論員，批評(píng)家；B.fans粉絲，迷，愛好者；C.likes喜愛，點(diǎn)贊；D.inquiries詢問(wèn)。這個(gè)帖子發(fā)出后就得到了許多人的關(guān)注，因此Michele能夠快速聯(lián)系到作者，likes表示帖子的點(diǎn)贊數(shù)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)。【55題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)于一個(gè)潛水者來(lái)說(shuō)，這感覺(jué)像是一生的成就。A.For對(duì)于……來(lái)說(shuō)；B.As作為；C.With和……一起；D.Alongside與……一起。這種經(jīng)歷對(duì)于水肺潛水員來(lái)說(shuō)，就像是一輩子的成就，介詞for可表示“對(duì)于……來(lái)說(shuō)”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。第II卷注意事項(xiàng)：用0.5毫米黑色筆跡的簽字筆將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。FellowZhang,thenameofaDouyinaccountbelongingtoa30-somethingmaninNortheastChina'sLiaoningprovince,haspickedupnearly10millionfollowersintwomonthswithjust41shortvideos____56____(record)hislife.AvillagerfromthecountrysideofYingkoucity,Zhang____57____(use)asmartphonetoshootclipsofhissimpledailyroutineinhisrun-downhouse,