2024-2025學(xué)年上海行知中學(xué)高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試卷

2024—2025學(xué)年上海行知中學(xué)高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試卷

一、語(yǔ)法填空(★★★)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.SleepIsYourSuperpowerDidyouknowthatyouhavetheabilitytoreduceyourchancesofhavingacaraccident,improveyourabilitytofightoffillnesses,anddecreaseyourriskfactorsforheartdiseaseandAlzheimer’s?Yes.Everyonehasthatsuperpower,infact,weuseiteveryday—sleep.Sleepisoneofthemostpowerfulactivities1ourbodiesundergo.Oftentimes,sleepisthoughtofasapassiveprocessinwhichwemerelylieinbedandwakeupthenextmorning,with2happeninginbetween.Thiscouldnotbe3(far)fromthetruth.Sleepisvitalforlearningandfortheformationofnewmemories,growth,anddevelopment.TheAmericanSocietyofSleepMedicineadvisesadults4(get)atleast7hoursofsleepeachnight.MatthewWalker,5professorofSleepattheUniversityofCalifornia,arguesthatsleepisthefoundationforgoodhealth.Alackofsleepputsyouatriskofcardiovascularproblems,6heartattacks,strokes,arrhythmiasandheartfailure.Ina2011study,it7(report)thatlackofsleepincreasesaperson’sriskofgettingordyingfromheartdiseaseby45%.Whenwesleep,theheartrelaxesandstartstopumpbloodatalowerpressure.However,whenyoudonotgetenoughsleep,yourbloodpressuregoesupandyourheartdoesnotrelax.Thisispartly8peoplewhodonotgetenoughsleepareathigherriskofhighbloodpressureorhypertension.InastudycarriedoutintheUS,9theydeliberatelyinfectedtestsubjectswithanothertypeofCoronavirus(rhinovirus—responsibleforthecommoncold),itwasobservedthatsubjectswhogotatleast7ormorehoursofsleepatnightwere4timeslesslikely10(infect),whilethosewhogotlessthan7hourswerereportedtohavealowernumberofT-killercellsresponsibleforeliminatingforeigninvadersfromthebody.Theimmunesystemisparticularlyboostedduringslow-wavesleepstage.二、選詞填空(★★★)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.fireB.requestsC.effectiveD.inexperiencedE.casualF.training

G.acknowledgeH.demonstrateI.panicJ.vacancyK.screeningWeirdJobInterviewsFindinganewjobisn’talwayseasy.Yousearchforasuitable11,sendinanapplicationformandifthatgoeswell,youmightbeinvitedforaninterview.Forsome,thisiswhenthe12setsin—you’regoingtobefacedbyapanelofstrangerswho’ll13difficultquestionsatyou,andyou’llhavetoactuallyproveyourself.Buthowwouldyoufeelif,insteadofbeingnakedwhyyouwantthejob,you’reaskedtostandupanddance?Fromtheperspectiveofacompany,itwantstohiretherightpersonbecausetheycanmakeabigdifferencetothesuccessoftheorganization.Itthereforeneedstotestacandidateinthemostappropriatewaytodiscoverhowsuitableheorshemaybe.Agoodinterviewprocessshouldinvolvecareful14ofjobapplicantsand15questionsthateveryapplicantgetsasked.Butthat’snotalwaysthecase.AlisonGreenisanauthorandcreatoroftheworkplaceadvicecolumn‘AskaManager’.ShetoldtheBBCthatsomecompanies“givetheirinterviewerslittleorno16andoftenleavethemcompletelyontheirownwhenitcomestofiguringoutwhattoaskjobcandidates.”Shementionsthatsomeinterviewersaretoo17andsomefocusonbuildingagoodrapport(友善)andenduphiringthecandidatetheyjust‘clickedwith’,regardlessoftheirskillsandabilities.A(n)18interviewermaythinkit’sclevertoask‘ifyouwereananimal,whatkindwouldyoube?’Thathasbeenasked,AlisonGreensays,butinrealitythishasnoconnectionwiththejob.Andtherehavebeeninappropriate19,suchasonejobseekerbeingaskedtoshowtheinterviewertheinsideofherhandbagto20howorganizedshewas.Talkingofinappropriate,theBBCheardfromanumberofpeoplewhoweresurprisedbythequestionstheywereaskedinaninterview.MaturestudentKevinHeltonsaidthat“theinterviewerasked,‘youusedtobeintheArmy,howmanypeoplehaveyoukilled?’”三、完形填空(★★★★)Noonewarnedmethatinmyearly40s,Iwouldstarttalkingsoftlyandlonginglyintoprams(嬰兒車(chē)).Butwhentherighttimecame,Ihad,ofcourse,everyintentionofbecomingaconscientious,involved______.Asapsychotherapist,Iammuchawareofhowlife-transformingagoodrelationshipwithgrandparentcanbe.It______somuchmorethantreats,extraqualitytimeandcheapnannying.Goodgrandparentshelpbuildpsychologicalsecuritybymakingtheirgrandchildrenfeelpartofamuchwiderandstablesupportivefamily______.Theyalsogivethemasenseoftheirplaceinhistoryandevolutionandgivetheirlifeameaningfulsenseofperspective.Evenwhenwereachadulthood,ourpsychologicalhealthcanbe______bytherelationshipthatwemayormaynothavehadwithourgrandparents.Ifrequentlyworkwithpeoplewhohavealessthanperfectrelationshipwiththeirownparents.ManytimesIhavebeenabletohelppeopleheal______bysimplyreawakeningacherishedmemoryofamuchhappierandmoreunconditionallylovingrelationshipwithagrandparent.Alanwas,inhisownwords,“ahopelesscaseofworkaholism”.Hestillfeltdrivenbytryingtopleasehis______perfectionistfather.But,fortunately,Idiscoveredthathehadalso______amuchmoreunconditionalkindoflovefromhiscalmer,happierandaffectionategrandfather.PuttingaphotoofhisgrandadonhisdeskhelpedAlankeephispromisetohimselftomaintainbetterbalanceinhislife.Nowadays,thechancesofchildrenandgrandparentshavingintimate,satisfyingrelationshipsarefast______.RecentresearchrevealedthatinBritain,oneoutoftwentygrandparentsislikelytohavehadno______whatsoeverwithatleastoneoftheirgrandchildrenduringthepastfiveyears.Therearemanyreasonsforthisnewdistancingofgenerations.Sometimes,it’smere______thatkeepsthemapart.IrecentlymetawomanwhoproudlyshowedmeapictureofherfamilyinAustralia.Unfortunatelyshetoldme,shehadn’tevervisitedthem,andhadn’tevenseenherfive-year-oldgranddaughter.The______aspectofthisstorywasthat,howeversadthissituationwasforbothparties,thereappearedtobenobitternessorhatred.Butmanygrandparentsfeelquite______.They’rebeingforcedapartfromtheirgrandchildrenbylessacceptablefactorsofmodernsociety.Perhapspressureoftimemaintainsthedistance.______,nowadays,evenifcloseextendedfamilieslivewithineasyvisitingdistance,theymaystillnotseemuchofeachother.Parentsoftenspendsomuchoftheirpreciousweekendscleaning,shoppinganddecoratingthattheyhardlyhavetimetogettoknowtheirchildren.______,thechildrenthemselvesmayhavesuchaheavyweekendofprogrammedactivitythattheirtimeisalsostretchedtoitslimits.Avisittoorfromgrandparentsfeelslikea(n)______thatnoonecanafford.21.A．babysitterB．grandparentC．psychologistD．supporter22.A．offersB．deservesC．demandsD．a(chǎn)ssigns23.A．houseB．traditionC．networkD．name24.A．a(chǎn)nalyzedB．enhancedC．worsenedD．a(chǎn)ffected25.A．emotionallyB．instinctivelyC．biologicallyD．conditionally26.A．considerateB．a(chǎn)mbitiousC．courageousD．hesitant27.A．understoodB．givenC．receivedD．required28.A．departingB．climbingC．a(chǎn)pproachingD．decreasing29.A．contactB．a(chǎn)greementC．problemD．a(chǎn)ssociation30.A．misunderstandingB．geographyC．budgetD．time31.A．peacefulB．confusingC．difficultD．positive32.A．realisticallyB．plainlyC．differentlyD．permanently33.A．AfterallB．TosumupC．InadditionD．Firstofall34.A．LuckilyB．EquallyC．StrangelyD．Obviously35.A．interactionB．changeC．enjoymentD．luxury四、閱讀理解(★★★)Fifteenyearsago,ItookasummervacationinLecceinsouthernItaly.Afterclimbingupahillforapanoramic(全景的)viewofthebluesea,whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees,Ipausedtocatchmybreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama.Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.Likeme,thiswomanwasheretostop,sighandappreciatetheview.PatientasIwas,afterabout15minutes,mycamerascanningthesunandreviewingtheshotIwouldeventuallytake,Igrewfrustrated.WasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesoIcouldtakejustonepictureofthelandscape?Sure,Icouldhaveaskedher,butsomethingpreventedmefromdoingso.Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.Ididn’twanttomesswiththat..Another15minutespassedandIgrewbored.Thewomanwasstillthere.Idecidedtotakethephotoanyway.AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit.Thisphoto,withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho“ruined”it,nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.Whatwouldshethinkifsheknewthatherfigureiscaptured(捕捉)andfrozenonsomestranger’sbedroomwall?Abedroom,afterall,isaveryprivatespace,inwhichsomewomanIdon’tevenknowhasbeenimmortalized(使……永存).Insomeways,shelivesinmyhouse.Perhapsweallliveineachothers,spaces.Perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor:toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty,andthatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure,forconnection,forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.Thatphotoisareminder,acapturedmoment,anunspokenconversationbetweentwowomen,separatedonlybyathinsquareofglass.36.Whathappenedwhentheauthorwasabouttotakeaphoto?

A．Hercamerastoppedworking.B．Awomanblockedherview.C．Someoneaskedhertoleave.D．Afriendapproachedfrombehind.37.Accordingtotheauthor,thewomanwasprobably.

A．enjoyingherselfB．losingherpatienceC．waitingforthesunsetD．thinkingaboutherpast38.Intheauthor’sopinion,whatmakesthephotosoalive?

A．Therichcolorofthelandscape.B．Theperfectpositioningofthecamera.C．Thewoman’sexistenceinthephoto.D．Thesoftsunlightthatsummerday.39.Thepassagecanbeseenastheauthor’sreflections(反思)upon.

A．a(chǎn)particularlifeexperienceB．thepleasureoftravelingC．theartofphotographyD．a(chǎn)lostfriendship(★★★)Nest(T3007ES)LearningThermostat(恒溫器),EasyTemperatureControlforEveryRoominYourHouse.SAVEENERGYWITHNEST:Nestintroducesthe3rdgenerationNestLearningThermostat.Withfourbeautifulcolorstochoosefromandaneasy-to-readdisplay,thisthermostatwillhelpmakeyourhomenotonlysmartbutenergyefficient.Withjustafewmanualadjustments,theNestThermostatcanlearnyourhabitsandstarttosaveyoumoneybyautomaticallyadjustingthetemperature.READTHEDISPLAYFROMACROSSTHEROOM:TheNestThermostatdoessomethingnew.It’scalledFarsight,anditlightsuptoshowyouthetemperature,weatherortime.Youcanevenchooseadigitaloranalog(模擬的)clockface.Farsightisbigandbrightonthebeautifuldisplay—youcanseeitfromacrosstheroom.ASTYLEFOREVERYHOME:TheNestLearningThermostatnowcomesinfourfantasticcolors:Copper,StainlessSteel,Black,andWhite.Choosecoppertoaddawarmtouch.Stainlesssteelisperfectforaclassic,versatilelook.Blackblendsinwithdarkwallsandstylishdécor(裝飾).Andwhitelooksgreatinsimple,modernhomes.WORKSWITHNEST:Nesthasworkedhardtodesignthoughtfuldevicestohelpkeepyousafeandsecure.Nestdevicesnotonlycommunicatewitheachotherbutalsowiththeothersmartdevicesaroundyourhome.YourNestSecurecanuseyoursmartlightbulbstohelpgetyourattentionintheeventofanemergency;yoursmartwasheranddryercantakethedatafromNestandrunthenextloadoflaundrywhenenergydemandislow.LookfortheWorkswithNestbadgeandletNesthandletherest.TechnicalSpecifications·Highresolutioncolorscreen:24-bitcolorLCD,480×480at229pixelperinch(PPI),2.08”(5.3cm)diameter·Sensors:Temperature,Humidity,Near-Fieldactivity,Far-fieldactivity·Built-inrechargeablelithium-ionbattery·Wi-Ficonnectionaccess·Languages:English,French,Spanish,Dutch40.WhichdescriptionabouttheproductisTRUE?

A．ItsellsbestinMemoryandStorageProductssection.B．Itisequippedwithelectronicsystem.C．Itneedstobepluggedinwhenbeingused.D．IthasvariouscolorsavailableonA.41.WhichbenefitdoestheproductNOThave?

A．Youcancontrolitfromyourphoneremotely.B．Ithelpstosaveenergyefficiently.C．Itwilllearnyourscheduleandadjustthetemperature.D．Itisresistanttopressureandshake.42.Howmuchshouldyoupayatleastifyouhavea2-floorhouseandwantyourthermostattoworkindependently?

A．$385.93.B．$325.84.C．$291.98.D．$320.98.(★★★)Manyemployeesmustbetemptedtoqueryonadailybasiswhentheyseetheirbossesheadeddownthewrongtrack.Butcaution,forfearofappearinginsubordinateorfoolishandthuspossiblyatriskoflosingtheirjobs,oftenleadsworkerstokeepsilent.Acultureofsilencecanbedangerous,arguesanewbook,“TheFearlessOrganization”,byAmyEdmondson,aprofessoratHarvardBusinessSchool.Someofherexamplesarefromtheairlineindustry.Onewasitsdeadliestaccident:acrashbetweenBoeing747sintheCanaryIslandsin1977whenaco-pilotfeltunabletoqueryhiscaptain’sdecisiontotakeoffbasedonamisunderstandingofinstructionsfromair-trafficcontrol.Therisksmaybelowerthanlifeordeathinmostorganizations,butcompaniesalsosufferwhenpeoplekeepsilent,MsEdmondsonbelieves.Volkswagenwascaughtupinascandal(丑聞)overdiesel(柴油)emissionsfrom2015.TheenginesofitsdieselmodelsdidnotmeetAmericanemissionsstandardsandengineersdevisedasystemtofooltheregulators.MsEdmondsonsaysthecompany’sculturehadbeenonebasedonthreatenandfear;FerdinandPi?ch,itslongtimeboss,boastedoftellingengineerstheyhadsixweekstoimprovethebodyworkfittingonpainofdismissal.Inthecircumstances,engineerswereunderstandablyunwillingtomentionthebadnewsonemissionsstandardsandinsteadworkedaroundtheproblem.Inacorporateculturebasedonfearandintimidation,itmayappearthattargetsarebeingachievedintheshortterm.Butinthelongruntheeffectislikelytobecounterproductive.Studiesshowthatfearinhibitslearning.Andwhenconfrontedwithaproblem,scaredworkersfindwaysofcoveringituporgettingarounditwithinefficientpractices.Theansweristocreateanatmosphereof“psychologicalsafety”wherebyworkerscanspeaktheirminds.Inasense,thisistheequivalentofToyota’s“l(fā)eanmanufacturing”process,whichallowsanyworkerwhospotsaproblemtostoptheproductionline.Thisdoesnotmeanthatworkers,ortheirideas,areimmunefromcriticism,orthattheyshouldcomplainincessantly.Asmundane(平凡的)tasksareautomated,andworkersrelyoncomputersfordataanalysis,theaddedvalueofhumanswillstemfromtheircreativity.ButasMsEdmondson’sbookamplydemonstrates,itishardtobeeitherconstructiveorcreativeifyouarenotconfidentaboutspeakingout.43.Theunderlinedword“insubordinate”means.

A．beinginferiorB．disobeyingasuperiorC．gettingaggressiveD．beingignorant44.WecanconcludefromParagraph3that.

A．Volkswagen’sengineersdesignedasystemtomeetAmericanemissionsstandardsB．whenfacingproblems,scaredworkersresolvethemdirectlyC．Volkswagen’sengineerswereatriskoflosingjobsD．thecultureoffearandintimidationmustbecounterproductiveinthelongterm.45.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtotheauthor?

A．Acultureofbeingsilentcanbelife-threatening.B．Theriskofkeepingsilentisnotnecessarilyassociatedwithlifeanddeath.C．Volkswagen’scultureisonthebasisoffear.D．Thevalueofhumansliesinoriginalityintoday’shighly-automatedworld.46.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A．AnintroductiontoAmyEdmondson’snewbook.B．Thedisadvantagesoffearandintimidationculture.C．Companieswillperformbetterifemployeesarenotthreatenedintosilence.D．Peopleneedtobeconfidentwhentheyarespeakingout.(★★★)Inbusiness,thereisaspeeddifference:It’sthedifferencebetweenhowimportantfirmleaderssayspeedistotheircompetitivestrategyandhowfastthecompanyactuallymoves.Thedifferenceisimportantregardlessofindustryandcompanysize.47Inourstudyof343businesses,thecompaniesthatchoosetogo,go,gototrytogainanedgeendedupwithlowersalesandoperatingincomesthanthosethatpausedatkeymomentstomakesuretheywereontherighttrack.What’smore,thefirmsthat“sloweddowntospeedup”improvedtheirtopandbottomlines,averaging40%highersalesand52%higheroperatingincomesoverathree-yearperiod.48Theythoughtdifferentlyaboutwhat“slower”and“faster”mean.Firmssometimesfailtounderstandthedifferencebetweenoperationspeed(movingquickly)andstrategicspeed(reducingthetimeittakestodelivervalue).Simplyincreasingthespeedofproduction,forexample,maybeonewaytotrytoreducethespeeddifference.Butthatoftenleadstoreducedvalueovertime,intheformoflower-qualityproductsandservices.Inourstudy,higher-performingcompanieswithstrategicspeedalwaysmadechangeswhennecessary.Theybecamemoreopentoideasanddiscussion.49Andtheyallowedtimetolookbackandlearn.Bycontrast,performancesufferedatfirmsthatmovedfastallthetime,paidtoomuchattentiontoimprovingefficiency,stucktotestedmethods,didn’tdevelopteamspiritamongtheiremployees,andhadlittletimethinkingaboutchanges.Strategicspeedservesasakindofleadership.50Thatkindofstrategymustcomefromthetop.

A．Howdidtheydisobeythelawsofbusinessphysics,takingmoretimethancompetitorsyetperformingbetter?B．Teamsthatregularlytaketimetogetthingsright,ratherthanploughaheadfullbore,aremoresuccessfulinmeetingtheirbusinessgoals.C．Morehaste,lessspeed,whichinthestudyproveswrong.D．Companiesfearfuloflosingtheircompetitiveadvantagespendmuchtimeandmoneylookingforwaystopickupthespeed.E．Theyvaluedefficiencyratherthanconsideration.F．Theyencouragednewwaysofthinking.五、書(shū)面表達(dá)(★★★)51.Directions:roadthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.AplantorestoregreenspacesTheUKgovernmenthasrevealedaplantoprotectandrestoreEngland’swildlife.Itfocusesonat-riskspeciesbymakingcanals,riversandstreamscleanerandexpandinggreenspaces.ThenewEnvironmentalImprovementPlansetsgoalstocreateorrestoremorethan5,000squarekilometresofwildlifehabitatsacrossEnglandandrestore400milesofrivers.Itwillcreateorexpand25nationalnaturereserves.Newwoodlandwillalsobeplantedalongsiderivers.Atthemoment,accesstogreenspacesisnotequalacrosstheUK.Around4%ofpeoplelivemorethan10minutesawayfromtheirnearestpark.TheEnvironmentalImprovementPlanaimstomakesurehouseholdsinEnglandarewithina15-minutewalktoagreenspace.Aswellashelpingmorepeopletoactclosetonature,theplanshouldincreaseEngland’sbiodiversity.AspeciesSurvivalFundwillbesetuptohelpsomeofEngland’smostendangeredanimals,suchasredsquirrels(松鼠)andwatchrats.TheGovernmenthassettargetstoboostthesespeciesby2030.Therearealsotargetstor