山東省濟南市2024-2025學年高三下學期開學英語試題【含答案解析】

2025屆高三開年摸底聯(lián)考英語試題注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、考生號等填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。考試時間為120分鐘，滿分150分第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Attendingameeting.B.Preparingforameeting.C.Lookingthroughsomematerials.2.Whoisthemanprobablytalkingto?A.Acustomer.B.Awaitress.C.Achef.3.Howmanyhoursdoesthemansuggeststudyinginthelibraryaweek?A.4hours.B.5hours.C.8hours.4.WhatdoesthemanoffertodoforSuzy?A.Repairhercar.B.Bookaticketforher.C.Takehertotheairport.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theirfavoritetypesofmusic.B.Differentkindsofinstruments.C.Theirfavoriterockstars.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wheredoesthewomanworknow?A.Inthelibrary.B.Inapetshop.C.Inasupermarket.7.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofhernewmanager?A.She’spatient.B.She’sclever.C.She’squiet.·聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatdidthemandojustbeforetheconversation?A.Hedidsomereading.B.Herelaxedonabeach.C.Hewentfishing.9.WhywasGobyputonthebeach?A.Toattracttourists.B.Tointroducethebeach.C.Toactasarubbishbin.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inamuseum.B.Inanoffice.C.Inarestaurant.11.Whatdayisittoday?A.Monday.B.Tuesday.C.Friday.12.Whatdoesthewomandecidetodoatlast?A.Changethereservation.B.Waitforherturn.C.Comebacktomorrow.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whyisthewomanunabletoplaybadmintonwiththeman?A.Sheisbusy.B.Shegetsinjured.C.Shefeelstired.14Whoisthemanprobably?A.Adoctor.B.Atrainer.C.Astudent.15.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.PracticeTaiChi.B.Havesomerest.C.Exercisewithhismum.16.Whatwillthewomandotomorrowevening?A.Visittheman’shouse.B.Takeapianolesson.C.Searchforsomevideos.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhoisBenjaminFranklinaccordingtothetalk?A.TheforefatheroftheUSPostalsystem.B.ThefirstmantodelivermailintheUS.C.Oneofthepilotsflyingthemailinitially.18.Howlonghavemailmenbeendeliveringmailbyscooter(小型摩托車)?A.Over250years.B.Over200years.C.Over100years.19.Whendidwomenbegintotakecityroutestodelivermail?A.In1775.B.In1917.C.In1918.20.Whatwillthespeakerprobablytalkaboutnext?A.Anotherpersonwhoflewthemail.B.Astoryaboutafemalemailcarrier.C.Anorganizationthatdeliversmails.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。A2025StudentLaunchChallengeAboutStudentLaunchNASAStudentLaunchisaresearch-based,competitive,andexperientialexplorationchallengethatprovidesrelevantandcost-effectiveresearchanddevelopmenttosupporttheSpaceLaunchSystem(SLS).Theactivityinvolvesreachingabroadaudienceofmiddleandhighschools,colleges,anduniversitiesacrossthenationinanine-monthcommitmenttodesign,build,testandlaunchvehicleandpayload(載荷)componentsthatsupportSLS.Itisaimedatinspiringstudentstoexplorescience,technology,engineering,andmath(STEM)forthebenefitofhumanity.2025StudentLaunchNASAhasselected71teamsfromacrosstheUStoparticipateinits25thannualStudentLaunchChallenge.Aspartofthechallenge,teamswilldesign,build,andflyahigh-poweredamateurrocketandscientificpayload.Theyalsomustmeetdocumentationmilestonesandundergodetailedreviewsthroughouttheschoolyear.Thenine-month-longchallengewillbehighlightedwithon-siteeventsstartingonApril30,2025.FinallaunchesarescheduledforMay3,2025,atBraggFarmsinToney,Alabama,justminutesnorthofNASA’sMarshallSpaceFlightCenter.It’stheperfectendingtotheevents.Teamsarenotrequiredtotravelfortheirfinallaunch,havingtheoptiontolaunchfromaqualifiedsite.StudentteamswillundergodetailedreviewsbyNASApersonneltoensurethesafety,operabilityandpracticalityoftheirrocketandpayloaddesigns.AwardsTheAltitude(高度)Award:Awardedtotheteamthatcomesclosesttotheirdeclaredtargetaltitudeontheircompetitionlaunch.VehicleDesignAward:Awardedtotheteamwiththemostcreativeandinnovativeoverallvehicledesignfortheirintendedpayloadwhilestillmaximizingsafetyandefficiency.Judges’ChoiceAward:SelectedduringLaunchWeekbyapanelofguestjudgesandawardedforthebestcombinationofpayloadinnovation,vehicledesignandconstruction,andpublicengagement.1.WhatisthemaingoaloftheNASAStudentLaunchChallenge?A.Totrainprofessionalastronauts. B.Topromotestudents’explorationofSTEM.C.Totestnewrockettechnologies. D.ToselectfutureemployeesforNASA.2.Howlongdoestheon-siteeventslast?A.Ninemonths B.Twomonths. C.Fourdays. D.Oneday.3.WhatistheVehicleDesignAwardbasedon?A.Socialmediapopularityofthedesign. B.Themaximumpayloadofthevehicle.C.Closenesstothescheduledlaunchingheight. D.Thevehicle’sinnovationandpracticalperformance.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。介紹2025年NASA組織的學生發(fā)射挑戰(zhàn)賽?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AboutStudentLaunch下的“Itisaimedatinspiringstudentstoexplorescience,technology,engineering,andmath(STEM)forthebenefitofhumanity.(它旨在激勵學生探索科學、技術、工程和數(shù)學（STEM），造福人類)”可知，挑戰(zhàn)賽的主要目標是促進學生們對STEM的探索。故選B項。【2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)2025StudentLaunch下的“Thenine-month-longchallengewillbehighlightedwithon-siteeventsstartingonApril30,2025.FinallaunchesarescheduledforMay3,2025,atBraggFarmsinToney,Alabama,justminutesnorthofNASA’sMarshallSpaceFlightCenter.(這項為期9個月的挑戰(zhàn)將于2025年4月30日開始的現(xiàn)場活動中凸顯出來。最后一次發(fā)射定于2025年5月3日，地點在阿拉巴馬州托尼的布拉格農場，距離美國宇航局馬歇爾太空飛行中心以北僅幾分鐘路程)”可知，這項為期9個月的挑戰(zhàn)將于2025年4月30日開始現(xiàn)場活動，決賽將于2025年5月3日在阿拉巴馬州的布雷格農場舉行。由此可知，現(xiàn)場活動持續(xù)四天。故選C項。【3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Awards下的“VehicleDesignAward:Awardedtotheteamwiththemostcreativeandinnovativeoverallvehicledesignfortheirintendedpayloadwhilestillmaximizingsafetyandefficiency.(車輛設計獎：頒發(fā)給最具創(chuàng)意和創(chuàng)新的整體車輛設計團隊，以滿足其預期的有效載荷，同時最大限度地提高安全性和效率)”可知，運載工具設計獎是基于運載工具的創(chuàng)新性和實際性能。故選D項。BPhotographerAshleySuszczynskitracesbackherpassionforarttoherchildhoodyears.Particularly,tomakingpuppets(木偶)outofbrownpaperbagsandthrowingshowswithhergrandma.Thislaterevolvedintoaloveofsciencefictionandescapingtoadventurelandspopulatedbymythicalcreatures.ThisfeelingofwonderrunsthroughherprojectMaskedmasquerade(蒙面舞會)series,whichseeshertravellingthroughEuropetorecordavisuallystrikingbranchofancientfolkcustoms.“Severalyearsago,IsawphotographsofamasqueradeinthenorthofSpaincalled‘LaVijanera,’”Suszczynskisays.“ThecharacterslookedlikethoseIhadimaginedfromthepagesofmychildhoodstories.Therewaseverythingfromfur-coveredcreaturestomaskedtreefairiesandspiritsofthewoodlands.IflewtoSpainforaweektoattend,andjustlikethat,apassionwasborn.”Afterthis,SuszczynskibeganresearchingmoreEuropeanmaskedmasquerades,hopingtolearnabouttheirhistory,characters,andsymbolism.Thefestivalstypicallycelebratedcommonthemesinvolvingseasonalchange,life,andhappiness.“IneachmasqueradeIfeelslikebeingtransportedintoadifferentfairytalenovelfrommychildhood.Itisanhonorthatinsteadofsimplyescapingintothesefantasticstories,Icannowsharethemthroughmyphotographs,”sheshares.TheprojecthastakenhertoSpain,Bulgaria,andPortugal,whereshehasphotographedgroupswithdesignedcostumesandmasks.ForSuszczynski,theentireprocessisawildride.“WhenIplana‘trip’it’susuallyaroundanevent,andI’llgototheevent—thecarnival,theparade,whateveritis—butthat’sonlythetipoftheiceberg.Thatisthefootinthedoor,”shesays.Besides,shetriesherbesttoovercomethelanguagebarrier.Butthephotographerdescribesthewholeprocessasanadventureworthpaying.“I’llhavefriendsforlifemadefromthesephotos.IamsothankfulforeachandeverypersonIhavephotographed.Theylovetoteachabouttheirculture.Theyloveforpeopletolearnabouttheirculture,tobringittolight,”Suszczynskiconcludes.4.WhatistheprimaryfocusofAshleySuszczynski’sMaskedmasqueradeseries?A.DocumentingcreatureevolutioninEurope. B.RecordingmodernEuropeanstreetfashion.C.Exploringmaskingtraditionsthroughphotos. D.InvestigatingthehistoryofpuppetshowsinEurope.5.WhatdidSuszczynskimainlyintendtoshowinparagraph2?A.Theoriginoftheproject. B.Herchildhoodstories.C.AmasqueradeinSpain. D.Thebackgroundofherworks.6.HowdoesSuszczynskifeelaboutherworkontheproject?A.Toughandembarrassing. B.Relaxingbutdangerous.C.Meaningfulandeffortless. D.Challengingbutrewarding.7.WhatcanweknowaboutthepeoplephotographedbySuszczynskifromthelastparagraph?A.Theyshareacommoninterestinphotography.B.Theyareactivelyinvolvedinspreadingtheirculture.C.TheygotfinancialreturnsofferedbySuszczynski.D.Theyappreciatebeingintegratedwithothercultures.【答案】4.C5.A6.D7.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹攝影師深入探討歐洲古代蒙面儀式的象征意義?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ThisfeelingofwonderrunsthroughherprojectMaskedmasquerade(蒙面舞會)series,whichseeshertravellingthroughEuropetorecordavisuallystrikingbranchofancientfolkcustoms.(這種奇妙的感覺貫穿于她的《蒙面舞會》系列中，在該系列中，她漫游歐洲，記錄古代民間傳說中一個視覺上引人注目的分支)”和第三段““IneachmasqueradeIfeelslikebeingtransportedintoadifferentfairytalenovelfrommychildhood.Itisanhonorthatinsteadofsimplyescapingintothesefantasticstories,Icannowsharethemthroughmyphotographs,”sheshares.(“在每次化妝舞會中，我都感覺自己從童年時代進入了一本不同的童話小說。這是一種榮幸，而不是簡單地逃避這些奇妙的故事，我現(xiàn)在可以通過我的照片分享它們，”她分享道)”可知，《蒙面舞會》的主要核心是用攝影探究蒙面?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“IflewtoSpainforaweektoattend,andjustlikethat,apassionwasborn.(我飛往西班牙一周參加，就這樣，一種癡迷誕生了)”可知，本段作者主要講述的是Suszczynski如何開始這一項目的。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段““WhenIplana‘trip’it’susuallyaroundanevent,andI’llgototheevent—thecarnival,theparade,whateveritis—butthat’sonlythetipoftheiceberg.Thatisthefootinthedoor,”shesays.Besides,shetriesherbesttoovercomethelanguagebarrier.(“當我計劃‘旅行’時，通常是圍繞一個活動，我會去參加活動——狂歡節(jié)、游行，不管它是什么——但這只是冰山一角。這是敲門磚?！贝送猓M最大努力克服語言障礙)”和第五段“Butthephotographerdescribesthewholeprocessasanadventureworthpaying.“I’llhavefriendsforlifemadefromthesephotos.IamsothankfulforeachandeverypersonIhavephotographed.Theylovetoteachabouttheirculture.Theyloveforpeopletolearnabouttheirculture,tobringittolight,”Suszczynskiconcludes.(但這位攝影師將整個過程描述為一次值得花錢的冒險。“這些照片將成為我一生的朋友。我非常感謝我拍攝過的每一個人。他們喜歡傳授他們的文化。他們喜歡人們了解他們的文化，把它展現(xiàn)出來，”Suszczynski總結道)”可知，Suszczynski認為她在這個項目中的工作雖然有挑戰(zhàn)，但也有回報。故選D。【7題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theylovetoteachabouttheirculture.Theyloveforpeopletolearnabouttheirculture,tobringittolight.(他們喜歡傳授他們的文化。他們喜歡人們了解他們的文化，并將其展現(xiàn)出來)”可知，Suszczynski所拍攝的人們積極參與他們的文化傳播。故選B。CClimatechangeislargelyresponsibleforthemassdie-offofourplanet’scoralreefs(珊瑚礁),asstresscausedbyhigherwatertemperaturescausescoralstodriveawaythealgae(藻類)livingwithinthem.Thelossofthatlife-givingalgaeisn’ttheonlyproblem,however.Stressedcoralsarealsomorelikelytobeinfectedbynaturallyoccurringbacteria.Inthepast,populationsofthoseextremelysmalllivingthingswerekepttomanageablelevelsbyseacucumbers(海參),whichfeedonseafloorsediment(沉積物).Unfortunately,duetoover-harvestingforuseintheAsianseafoodmarket,seacucumbersarenowbecomingincreasinglyrareinmanyregions.Inordertoseejusthowcrucialtheanimalsaretocoralhealth,aGeorgiaTechteamledbyMarkHayandCodyClementsconductedaseriesoffieldexperimentsintheSouthPacificOcean.NeartheislandofMo’oreainFrenchPolynesia,thescientistsleftexistingseacucumbersin10plotsofsandyseabedandremovedthemfrom10others,thenplantedfivecoralgroupsineachoftheplots.Thoseplotsweresubsequentlyinspectedonadailybasisforaperiodof45days.Itwasultimatelyfoundthatcoraldeathratecausedbysediment-associateddiseaseswas15timesgreaterinthesea-cucumber-lessplots.HayandClementsnowhopethattheirfindingswillmotivategovernmentsandothergroupstoimplementstricterlimitsontheharvestingofseacucumbers,andtobeginraisingtheanimalsforreleaseontocoralsthatareinneedofprotection.Farmedseacucumberscouldpotentiallyalsofinduseinkeepingfishfarmsclean,andpossiblyevendelayingcertaindiseases.“IfyouremoveallthesedimenteatersinthegreatfishtankofEarth,you’regoingtogetadirtytankeventually,”saidClements.“Peoplehavepaidlipservicetotheideathatseacucumberscouldbeimportantforalongtime,butwedidn’tknowthescaleoftheirimportanceuntilnow.”8.Whyareseacucumbersimportantforcoralhealth?A.Theydirectlyprovidenutrientstocorals. B.Theyhelptoreducediseaserisktocorals.C.Theyproducealgaeessentialforcorallife. D.Theydrivetheharmfulalgaeawayfromcorals.9.Whatwasthekeydifferencebetweenthetwosetsofplotsintheexperiment?A.Thepresenceorabsenceofseacucumbers. B.Thetypesofcoralgroupsplantedinthem.C.Thequantityofseafloorsedimentineachplot. D.Thefrequencyofinspectionsoverthe45-dayperiod.10.WhatdidHayandClementsappealfor?A.Abanonseafoodharvestinginthetestedregion.B.Theestablishmentofnewcoralreservesworldwide.C.Theadoptionofmoreseacucumberconservationpractices.D.Furtherstudyontheusesoffarmedseacucumbersinmedicine.11.WhatdoClements’wordsimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Theimportanceofseacucumberswasgreatlyoverstated.B.Seacucumberswereconsideredinsignificantforalongtime.C.Peoplehavealreadytakenmeasurestoprotectseacucumbers.D.Seacucumbersplayavitalroleinkeepingmarineecosystemhealthy.【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了海參通過吃海底沉積物來控制那些可能感染珊瑚的微生物種群數(shù)量，減少疾病危害，起到維持珊瑚健康的作用，研究人員呼吁加強海參保護以維護珊瑚礁生態(tài)。【8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Stressedcoralsarealsomorelikelytobeinfectedbynaturallyoccurringbacteria.Inthepast,populationsofthoseextremelysmalllivingthingswerekepttomanageablelevelsbyseacucumbers(海參),whichfeedonseafloorsediment(沉積物).(壓力大的珊瑚也更容易受到天然存在的細菌感染。過去，這些極其微小的生物數(shù)量被海參控制在可管理的水平，因為海參以海底沉積物為食)”可知，海參對珊瑚的健康很重要，因為它們有助于減少珊瑚患病的風險。故選B項。【9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“NeartheislandofMo’oreainFrenchPolynesia,thescientistsleftexistingseacucumbersin10plotsofsandyseabedandremovedthemfrom10others,thenplantedfivecoralgroupsineachoftheplots.(在法屬波利尼西亞的茉莉雅島附近，科學家們將現(xiàn)有的海參留在10塊沙質海床上，并從另外10塊中移除，然后在每塊海床上種植了五組珊瑚)”可知，進行實驗的兩組海床地塊的關鍵區(qū)別在于有無海參。故選A項?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“HayandClementsnowhopethattheirfindingswillmotivategovernmentsandothergroupstoimplementstricterlimitsontheharvestingofseacucumbers,andtobeginraisingtheanimalsforreleaseontocoralsthatareinneedofprotection.(Hay和Clements現(xiàn)在希望他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)能激勵政府和其他組織對海參的捕撈實施更嚴格的限制，并開始養(yǎng)殖海參，將其放生到需要保護的珊瑚上)”可知，Hay和Clements呼吁采取更多措施保護海參。故選C項。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Clements所說的話“IfyouremoveallthesedimenteatersinthegreatfishtankofEarth,you’regoingtogetadirtytankeventually(如果你在地球這個大魚缸里清除所有的沉積物食用者，最終你會得到一個骯臟的魚缸)”可知，Clements用魚缸清潔這一比喻形象地說明如果把處理沉積物的海參移除了，海洋環(huán)境就會變差。由此可知，海參在維持健康海洋環(huán)境方面起著至關重要的作用。故選D項。D“Zerodistractions.”That’swhatCalNewport,authorofDigitalMinimalism:ChoosingaFocusedLifeinaNoisyWorld,saysisrequiredtohaveasessionoffocusedproductivityhecalls“deepwork.”Arezero-distractionmomentsevenavailabletomostofusthesedays?Afterall,everytechnicalinnovationthatmakesourlivesmoreconvenient,likephonesandappsandstreamingentertainment,isbuiltforamulti-taskinglifestyle.Listentomusic.Addtoyourgrocerylist.Press“buy”onanonlineshoppingcart.Reserveatableforthisweekend.Allofthesearethingsmanyofusdoatthesametime—andalltoooftenwhilewe’redoingsomethingelse,likeworking.NewportdescribedthesnagsofthislifestyleinaninterviewwithTheNewYorkTimes:“Everytimeyouswitchyourattentionfromonetargettoanotherandthenbackagain,there’sacost.Thisswitchingcreatesaneffectthatpsychologistscallattentionresidue(殘留),whichcanreduceyourcognitive(認知的)capacityforasubstantialamountoftimebeforeitclears.Ifyouconstantlymake‘quickchecks’ofvariousdevicesandinboxes,youessentiallykeepyourselfinastateofpersistentattentionresidue,whichisaterribleideaifyou’resomeonewhousesyourbraintomakealiving.”Insteadofmovingquicklyfromactivitytoactivity,Newporturgesustoactivelymaketimefor“deepwork”everyday,timewhenweareengagedincognitivelychallengingtaskswithoutinterruptionfromanythingelse.Thiscouldbeknittingorreadingorlearningalanguageormeetingaprofessionalgoal.Theimportantpartisthatitneedstobeanactivityyoucancommittoinvestingyourenergyinwholeheartedly.Gettinginthehabitofworkingdeeplywill,saysNewport,leadyoutotheunavoidableconclusionthat“concentrationisasuperpower.”Whatinyourlifewouldyouliketoapproachwitha“deepwork”mentality?12.Whatcanbeinferredaboutzero-distractionsmomentsfromparagraph2?A.Theyareavailabletomostpeople. B.Theyresultfromtechnicalinnovation.C.Mostpeopledon’tneedthematall. D.Itishardtoobtainthemnowadays.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“snags”meaninparagraph3?A.Disadvantages. B.Features. C.Potentials. D.Principles.14.WhatdoesNewportrecommenddoingaccordingtothetext?A.Reducingtheuseoftechnology. B.Doingonethingdeeplyatatime.C.Listeningtomusicwhileworking. D.Balancingmultipleactivitieseffectively.15.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Multitasking:AModernLifestyle B.TheChallengesofZeroDistractionsC.DeepWork:TheKeytoFocusedProductivity D.ThePowerofAttentionResidueinaNoisyWorld【答案】12.D13.A14.B15.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。介紹一次只做一件事很重要，深度工作是專注生產力的關鍵。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。第二段“Arezero-distractionmomentsevenavailabletomostofusthesedays?Afterall,everytechnicalinnovationthatmakesourlivesmoreconvenient,likephonesandappsandstreamingentertainment,isbuiltforamulti-taskinglifestyle.Listentomusic.Addtoyourgrocerylist.Press“buy”onanonlineshoppingcart.Reserveatableforthisweekend.Allofthesearethingsmanyofusdoatthesametime—andalltoooftenwhilewe’redoingsomethingelse,likeworking.(現(xiàn)在我們大多數(shù)人都能享受零分心時刻嗎？畢竟，每一項讓我們的生活更方便的技術創(chuàng)新，比如手機、應用程序和流媒體娛樂，都是為多任務生活方式而設計的。聽音樂。添加到你的購物清單中。在網(wǎng)上購物車中按“購買”鍵。預訂一張這周末的桌子。所有這些都是我們很多人同時做的事情——而且經(jīng)常是在我們做其他事情的時候，比如工作)”可知，這些都是我們許多人同時做的事情，而且常常是在我們做其他事情比如工作時做的。由此推斷，零分心時刻很難獲得。故選D項?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)后文““Everytimeyouswitchyourattentionfromonetargettoanotherandthenbackagain,there’sacost.Thisswitchingcreatesaneffectthatpsychologistscallattentionresidue(殘留),whichcanreduceyourcognitive(認知的)capacityforasubstantialamountoftimebeforeitclears.Ifyouconstantlymake‘quickchecks’ofvariousdevicesandinboxes,youessentiallykeepyourselfinastateofpersistentattentionresidue,whichisaterribleideaifyou’resomeonewhousesyourbraintomakealiving.”(“每次你把注意力從一個目標轉移到另一個目標，然后再轉移回來，都是有代價的。這種轉換產生了一種心理學家稱之為“注意力殘留”的效應，它會在相當長的一段時間內降低你的認知能力。如果你不斷地‘快速檢查’各種設備和收件箱，你基本上會讓自己處于持續(xù)的注意力殘留狀態(tài)，如果你是一個靠大腦謀生的人，這是一個糟糕的主意?！?”可知，此處是Newport在描述這種生活方式的缺點，推知snags應是“缺點”之意，和A項意思相近。故選A項?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Insteadofmovingquicklyfromactivitytoactivity,Newporturgesustoactivelymaketimefor“deepwork”everyday,timewhenweareengagedincognitivelychallengingtaskswithoutinterruptionfromanythingelse.Thiscouldbeknittingorreadingorlearningalanguageormeetingaprofessionalgoal.Theimportantpartisthatitneedstobeanactivityyoucancommittoinvestingyourenergyinwholeheartedly.(Newport敦促我們每天積極地騰出時間進行“深度工作”，而不是快速地從一個活動轉移到另一個活動，這是我們從事具有認知挑戰(zhàn)性的任務而不受其他任何事情干擾的時間。這可以是編織、閱讀、學習一門語言或實現(xiàn)一個職業(yè)目標。重要的是，它需要是一項你能全身心投入精力的活動)”可知，Newport建議每次深入地做一件事。故選B項。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。文章首段提出話題“零分心”就是CalNewport所說的“深度工作”所需的狀態(tài)。下文敘述零分心不易，敦促我們每天積極騰出時間進行“深度工作”，養(yǎng)成深入工作的習慣將使你不可避免地得出“專注是一種超級力量”的結論。由此可知，C項“深度工作：專注生產力的關鍵”符合文章內容，適合作文章標題。故選C項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Whenyouthinkofrobotsawideseriesofimagesmaycometomind.Doyouimaginethemwalkingandtalkinglikehumans,completelyintegratingintooursocialfabricorperformingcomplextaskswithease?Whilerobotshavemaderemarkableadvancementsinrecentyears,theystillfacenumerouschallengesintrulycopyinghumanbehavior.____16____Robotsareincreasinglybeingusedinhealthcaresettingsforavarietyoftasks.Fromassistinginsurgeriestoprovidingcompanionshipfortheelderly,robotsarebecominginvaluablemembersofthehealthcareteam.____17____Theyrelyheavilyonadvancedtechnology.Advancedsensorsandartificialintelligence(AI)arekeytoarobot’sabilitytounderstandandrespondtoitsenvironment.____18____Theycanalsoanalyzethecollecteddata,andmakeinformeddecisionsbasedonthatinformation.Forexample,arobotdesignedtoassistinsurgeriescanusesensorstomonitorapatient’svitalsignsinrealtimeandadjustitsactionsaccordingly.Thisensuresthattherobot’sactionsarealwaysinthebestinterestofthepatient.____19____Theycanbeprogrammedtoprovidespecificexercisesortreatmentstailoredtoanindividualpatient’sneeds.Thispersonalizedapproachensurespatientsreceivethemosteffectivetreatmentpossible.Furthermore,robotscanalsoreducetheworkloadofhealthcareprofessionals.Despitethemanybenefitsofusingrobotsinhealthcare,therearestillconcernsabouttheirsafetyandeffectiveness.Ensuringthatrobotsoperatesafelyandreliablyinahealthcaresettingrequiresstricttestingandregulation.____20____Astechnologycontinuestoadvance,wecanexpecttoseemorerobotsplayingacriticalroleinhealthcare,revolutionizingthewayweapproachmedicalcare.A.Inaddition,robotsarealsoplayingapartinpatientcare.B.Thefutureofroboticsintheuseofsurgeriesispromising.C.Buthowdotheserobotsknowwhenandhowtointervene?D.However,thefieldofhealthcareisnotwithoutchallenges.E.Thesetechnologiesallowrobotstodetectchangesintheirsurroundings.F.Researchersareconstantlyworkingtoimprovethemintheroboticsystems.G.However,oneareawhererobotsaremakingsignificantprogressishealthcare.【答案】16.G17.C18.E19.A20.F【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了機器人在醫(yī)療保健領域取得顯著進展，如用于多種任務、依賴先進技術等，同時也提及面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，且對其未來發(fā)展表示期待?！?6題詳解】上文“Whilerobotshavemaderemarkableadvancementsinrecentyears,theystillfacenumerouschallengesintrulycopyinghumanbehavior.

(雖然機器人近年來取得了顯著的進步，但它們在真正模仿人類行為方面仍然面臨著許多挑戰(zhàn))”指出機器人在模仿人類行為方面面臨諸多挑戰(zhàn)，G選項“However,oneareawhererobotsaremakingsignificantprogressishealthcare.(然而，機器人正在取得顯著進展的一個領域是醫(yī)療保健)”與上文構成轉折關系，引出機器人在醫(yī)療保健領域取得顯著進展這一話題，上下文語意銜接自然。故選G項?！?7題詳解】上文“Robotsareincreasinglybeingusedinhealthcaresettingsforavarietyoftasks.Fromassistinginsurgeriestoprovidingcompanionshipfortheelderly,robotsarebecominginvaluablemembersofthehealthcareteam.

(機器人越來越多地用于醫(yī)療保健環(huán)境中的各種任務。從協(xié)助手術到陪伴老人，機器人正在成為醫(yī)療團隊的寶貴成員)”說明機器人在醫(yī)療保健領域的廣泛運用，C選項“Buthowdotheserobotsknowwhenandhowtointervene?(但是這些機器人如何知道何時以及如何進行干預呢?)”提出問題，即這些機器人如何知道何時以及如何進行干預，與上文提到機器人在醫(yī)療保健領域的應用相呼應，引出下文對機器人工作原理的闡述。故選C項?！?8題詳解】上文“Advancedsensorsandartificialintelligence(AI)arekeytoarobot’sabilitytounderstandandrespondtoitsenvironment.(先進的傳感器和人工智能(AI)是機器人理解和響應其環(huán)境能力的關鍵)”提出機器人理解和響應環(huán)境的關鍵是先進的傳感器和人工智能，E選項“Thesetechnologiesallowrobotstodetectchangesintheirsurroundings.(這些技術使機器人能夠檢測周圍環(huán)境的變化)”承接上文，說明這些技術的作用，它們能讓機器人檢測周圍環(huán)境的變化，句中“Thesetechnologies”指代上文的“Advancedsensorsandartificialintelligence(AI)”，上下文邏輯緊密。故選E項?！?9題詳解】下文“Theycanbeprogrammedtoprovidespecificexercisesortreatmentstailoredtoanindividualpatient’sneeds.Thispersonalizedapproachensurespatientsreceivethemosteffectivetreatmentpossible.(它們可以被編程為提供特定的鍛煉或治療，以滿足個別患者的需求。這種個性化的方法可以確保患者得到最有效的治療)”介紹了機器人在提供特定的鍛煉或治療方面的應用，即在患者護理方面也能發(fā)揮作用，A選項“Inaddition,robotsarealsoplayingapartinpatientcare.(此外，機器人在患者護理方面也發(fā)揮著作用)”是主題句，引出下文對機器人在患者護理方面發(fā)揮作用的介紹，同時與下文“Furthermore,robotscanalsoreducetheworkloadofhealthcareprofessionals.(此外，機器人還可以減少醫(yī)療保健專業(yè)人員的工作量)”構成并列關系，說明機器人的用途。故選A項?！?0題詳解】上文“Despitethemanybenefitsofusingrobotsinhealthcare,therearestillconcernsabouttheirsafetyandeffectiveness.Ensuringthatrobotsoperatesafelyandreliablyinahealthcaresettingrequiresstricttestingandregulation.(盡管在醫(yī)療保健中使用機器人有很多好處，但人們仍然擔心它們的安全性和有效性。確保機器人在醫(yī)療保健環(huán)境中安全可靠地運行需要嚴格的測試和監(jiān)管)”指出機器人在醫(yī)療保健領域使用存在安全和有效性方面的擔憂以及需要嚴格測試和監(jiān)管，F(xiàn)選項“Researchersareconstantlyworkingtoimprovethemintheroboticsystems.(研究人員一直在努力改進機器人系統(tǒng))”承接上文，說明研究人員一直在努力改進機器人系統(tǒng)，與上文提到的問題相呼應，即針對存在的問題進行改進，上下文語意連貫。故選F項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)。閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Withwinterenteringaparticularlybittercoldandtemperaturesdroppingintobelowzeroeverynight,ourelectricfurnace(火爐)stoppedworking.Ireachedarepairmanonlytofindthathewasoverwhelmedby____21____frompeopleinsimilarcircumstancesanditwouldbe8days____22____someonecouldarrivehere.I____23____wenttothelocalhardwarestoreandboughttwospaceheaters.By____24____themfromlivingroomduringthedaytothebedroomsatnightwestayedcoolbut____25____sofar.Onethingthisdid,however,wastoremindmeofmyownchildhoodwinter____26____.Irememberedasaboy____27____onfreezingwinterdays,quicklypullingonthicksocks,jean,andacoatandgoingintothelivingroomwhereasinglewoodstove____28____thewholehouse.Mydadaddedwoodtothefirewhileweallgatheredarounditfor____29____.Irememberedwalkingoutsidetofetchwood,withfreezingfingersandfrostybreath,______30______thewholeway.Ittooksomuchmoreworkjustto______31______warmthbackthen,butsomehowthatmadeallofus______32______thewarmthevenmore.Ithinkhow______33______warmthisnotonlyinourhomesbutalsoinourhearts.Thiscanbeavery______34______worldattimesanditisuptoustoaddourwarmthtoit.Ourgivingheartandlovefor