中考英語完形填空解題技巧學(xué)生版

中考英語完形填空解題技巧命題意圖：

完形填空根據(jù)閱讀理解的考試原則，在語篇層面上考查學(xué)生對常用詞匯的恰當(dāng)應(yīng)用，從而達(dá)到對于整篇文章主要內(nèi)容，特別是對作者通過文章傳達(dá)的情感、態(tài)度、價值觀的把握能力

二、選材分析：

綜觀全國各地完形題材，故事類選材仍居首位，占47.4%；其他完形題材還包括青少年生活類（17.5%）、文化類（8.7%）和科普類（8.7%）說明文，其中說明文呈上升趨勢。

完形體裁多為夾敘夾議的記敘文；題材多為勵志情感類故事，寓意深刻，包含哲理；語言地道、簡練，側(cè)重故事情節(jié)；篇幅300—400詞，有逐年增加的趨勢。

三、考點(diǎn)分析：

從命題分布來看，近幾年來，首尾句通常不設(shè)空,設(shè)題主要以實(shí)詞為主，特別側(cè)重考查動詞，在詞匯分布上也日趨合理。

完形技巧培養(yǎng)

1.考試前：

(1)積累詞匯

平時要有意識地主動積累新詞匯，特別要關(guān)注陌生實(shí)詞的基本含義、使用方法和語言習(xí)慣，做到能夠在語篇層面上仔細(xì)辨析詞匯之間的細(xì)微差別，養(yǎng)成勤查字典的習(xí)慣。

(2)奠定良好的語法功底

這是我們正確理解復(fù)雜長句的一條出路，還能夠幫助我們更好地在文章中猜測生詞。

（3）培養(yǎng)上下文語篇能力

2.考試中：

（1）了解大意

通讀整篇文章，弄清文章的大意和結(jié)構(gòu)，確立正確的背景知識。完形填空在出題時有這樣一條原則：去掉空格后不會影響考生對文章大意的了解。在第一遍閱讀中，要善于從文章開頭的幾句話中把握短文的背景、主題或結(jié)構(gòu)，并結(jié)合常識判斷構(gòu)建一定的預(yù)期，并在隨后的閱讀中，不斷修正，以求與原文一致。通常情況下，文章開頭的前兩句話都是完整的信息，這些句子揭示文章的背景知識或主題思想，一定要仔細(xì)研讀，從而為后面的閱讀掃清障礙。

(2)初選答案

了解大意后，便可以填空了。在填寫每個空格時，可以從出題者的命題思路著手，初步做出每個題的答案?？偟膩碚f，有以下六種命題思路。

i.詞義與詞形的辨析。選項(xiàng)之間構(gòu)成同義詞、反義詞、形近詞的關(guān)系。有時也借助選項(xiàng)，考查考生對某些單詞詞義的精確理解。

ii.邏輯關(guān)系。挖空的句子與上下文構(gòu)成指代、列舉、因果、比較、對比、讓步、補(bǔ)充、遞進(jìn)等邏輯關(guān)系。常見的表示指代關(guān)系的詞有do,so,one,ones,yours,theirs,this,that,those,he,it,they等，它們既可以用來指代單詞，也可以用來指代詞組、短語或句子。此外，還會考查句子之間的關(guān)系。同學(xué)們解答這類試題時，要掌握過渡語的用法和含義，如because表示因果關(guān)系，but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等。在沒有過渡語的情況下，要結(jié)合上下文進(jìn)行推理和判斷

iii.結(jié)構(gòu)識別，即固定詞組，如notonly…but…,aswell,some…others…,either…or…等。

iv.固定搭配。主要是動詞與名詞之間的搭配。如：“利用……”有不同的搭配：takeadvantageofsth/makeuseofsth。另外還有詞組、習(xí)語和習(xí)慣用法。對于這一類選擇題，不能利用語法知識進(jìn)行判斷。因此平時的日積月累就十分重要。

v.動詞用法。要從動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)（主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)）以及非謂語動詞(不定式、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞）幾個角度逐一進(jìn)行考慮。

vi.介詞用法。?？疾槊~與介詞、形容詞與介詞以及動詞與介詞的搭配。

(3)尋找線索

完形填空必須從整篇文章入手，通篇考慮，結(jié)合上下文尋找線索。有些題從單純的句子來考慮，四個選項(xiàng)均可以入選，但從上下文的線索入手，就能迅速排除其它三個?！皩ふ揖€索”強(qiáng)調(diào)對文章內(nèi)容的整體把握。

（4）回頭補(bǔ)缺

如果有的難題一時做不出來，應(yīng)立刻跳過此題，繼續(xù)往下做。不要在某一題上花費(fèi)大量時間。只要堅(jiān)持往下做，隨著空格的減少，對文章的理解也越來越輕松，有時就能從下文的線索和暗示中找到答案。

（5）核實(shí)答案

題目填完后（除個別難度較大的題目外），要利用一到兩分鐘將答案帶入原文通讀，目的是通過“語感”來核實(shí)答案。這樣讀下來，不僅可以改正填錯的詞，而且還可以在這一過程中得到啟發(fā)，把做不上來的題目填出來。

3.考試后：

考試結(jié)束后，分析答題中出現(xiàn)的錯誤是最容易被忽略的重要步驟。應(yīng)該根據(jù)出現(xiàn)問題的基本類型進(jìn)行歸類，可能出現(xiàn)的大致有幾類問題：詞匯、語法、語篇中的上下文理解（回文問題，上下文矛盾，議論部分與故事情節(jié)不符合等），把問題歸類后，我們在完成新的篇章時，就要更加小心錯題頻率高的題目類型。另外有些經(jīng)典篇章可以在相隔一段時間后再做，加深印象。Agirlcomplainedtoherfatheraboutherhardlife.Shedidn’tknowwhatshehadtodoandwantedto31.Shefelttiredforfightingandfighting.Oneproblemhadbeenfinishedbutanothercame.

Herfather,acook,tookher32thekitchen.Hepouredwaterintothepans(鍋)andboiledit.Whenthewaterwasboiling,inthefirstpanheputsomecarrots,inthe33heputsomeeggsandinthelastheputsomecoffee.He34themforafewminuteswithoutanywords.

Thegirlclosedhermouthandwaitedimpatiently,notknowing35herfatherwasdoingthat.Afterabout20minutes,herfatherturned36thestove,tookoutthecarrotsandputtheminabowl.Hetookouttheeggsandput37inanotherbowl.Afterthatthe38waspouredintoacup.Turningbacktohisdaughter,heasked,“Whatdoyou39?”“Carrots,eggsandcoffee,”sheanswered.

Herfathertoldherto40hereyesandlethertouchthecarrots.Shedidandfeltthatthecarrotsweresoft.Afterthatheaskedhertotakeeggsand41them.Then,shegotboiledandhardeggs.Atlast,thefatheraskedhertosmellthecoffee.“What’sthemeaning,Father?”He42thateachonehadhadthesameunluckyexperience—theboiledwater,but43hadadifferentreaction(反應(yīng)).Thestrongandhardcarrotshadbecomesoftandweakafterbeingintheboilingwater.Theeggsbecamehard44beingcooked.Thecoffeewasveryspecialanditchangedthewater.“Whoareyou?”askedherfather,“Whencalamity(厄運(yùn))45yourdoor,what’syourreaction?Areyoucarrots,eggsorcoffee?”(20XX年貴州安順中考)

()31.A.growupB.giveupC.setupD.pickup

()32.A.intoB.withinC.outofD.awayfrom

()33.A.firstB.secondC.thirdD.fourth

()34.A.lookedforB.searchedforC.waitedforD.calledfor

()35.A.thatB.whereC.whereD.why

()36.A.onB.overC.offD.in

()37.A.itB.itsC.themD.themselves

()38.A.eggsB.carrotsC.coffeeD.water

()39.A.hearB.tasteC.smellD.see

()40.A.closeB.openC.washD.drop

()41.A.keepB.protectC.breakD.drink

()42.A.complainedB.explainedC.toldD.expected

()43.A.everyB.allC.eachD.either

()44.A.beforeB.afterC.behindD.under

()45.A.liesinB.comesacrossC.meetswithD.knocksat

模擬訓(xùn)練

Passage1

WhenIwasinthirdgrade,Iwaspickedtobetheprincess(公主)intheschoolplay.

Forweeksmymotherhelpedme1mylines(臺詞).Butonceonstage,every2disappearedfrommyhead.Myteacheraskedmetochangerolesandbethenarrator(解說員).

ThoughIdidn’ttellmymotherwhathadhappenedthatday,she3myunhappinessandaskedifIwantedtotakeawalkintheyard.

Itwasalovelyspringday.Wecouldseedandelions(蒲公英)popping(跳出)4thegrass,asifapainterhadtouchedourlandscapewithbitsofgold.Iwatchedmymothercarelessly5bysomeflowers.“IthinkIamgoingtodigupalltheseweeds(野草),”shesaid.

“ButIlikedandelions,”Isaid.“Allflowersare6—evendandelions!”

Mymotherlookedatme7.“Yes,everyflowershinesinitsownway,doesn’tit?”shesaid.Inodded.“8thatistrueofpeople,too,”sheadded.

Shehadguessedmy9.Istartedtocryandtoldherthetruth.

“Youwillbeabeautifulnarrator,”shesaid,remindingmeofhowmuchIlovedtoreadstoriesaloudtoher.

Overthenextfew10,Ilearnedtotakeprideintherole.Thebigdayfinally11.Afewminutesbeforetheplay,myteachercameovertome.“Yourmotheraskedmetogivethistoyou,”shesaid,handingmeadandelion.Aftertheplay,Itooktheflowerhome,12thatIwasperhapstheonlypersonwhowouldkeepsuchaweed.

()1.A.writeB.practiceC.offerD.train

()2.A.wordB.pictureC.storyD.action

()3.A.sensedB.touchedC.heardD.reached

()4.A.acrossB.offC.throughD.out

()5.A.putoutB.getoverC.showupD.benddown

()6.A.perfectB.beautifulC.naturalD.lively

()7.A.anxiouslyB.carelesslyC.seriouslyD.surprisingly

()8.A.ButB.OrC.SoD.And

()9.A.worryB.painC.nervousnessD.wonder

()10.A.daysB.weeksC.monthsD.year

()11.A.wentB.ranC.cameD.Appeared

()12.A.laughingB.cryingC.honoringD.doubting

Passage2

Whenyousitdownwithyourfamilytoeatameal,doyoueverwonderwhereandwhenthe1ofusingchopsticks(筷子)began?

PeoplesaythatthefirstchopstickswereusedinChina5,000yearsago.ThepracticebecamewidespreadinKorea,VietnamandJapan.Todaytheyareasymbol(象征)of2culture.

OfAsiancountries,Japanhighlightstheimportanceofchopsticks3adaytocelebratethem.August4is4asideasChopsticksDayinJapan.

Thedifferent5traditionsofAsialeadtodifferentkindsofchopsticks.ForexampletheJapaneseusesharp(尖的)chopsticks6theyeatalotoffish.Sharpchopsticksaregoodforpickingthefishfromthebones(骨頭).

Chopsticksaremadefromdifferentkindsof7.Bamboochopsticksare8becausethematerialiseasytobreakapartanddoesn’tburneasily.Peoplealsousewoodandboneforchopsticks.Somerichpeoplehadtheirs9frompreciousmetals.Manyemperorsusedsilver(銀質(zhì))chopsticks,foritwasbelievedthattheywouldturn10iftherewaspoison(毒)inthefood.

Therearealsomanytablemanners11withchopsticks.Forinstance,neverstickyourchopsticksuprightinyourricebowlor12onyourbowlwithyourchopsticks.Peoplebelievethisisimpolitetothehost.

()1.A.advantageB.traditionC.instructionD.time

()2.A.EuropeanB.AmericanC.AsianD.Chinese

()3.A.withB.throughC.onD.over

()4.A.pickedB.madeC.chosenD.set

()5.A.homingB.producingC.cookingD.gardening

()6.A.becauseB.soC.onceD.unle

()7.A.plasticB.bambooC.woodD.material

()8.A.usualB.commonC.casualD.strong

()9.A.tomakeB.makingC.madeD.beingmade

()10.A.blackB.grayC.darkD.red

()11.A.popularB.filledC.comparedD.connected

()12.A.beatB.tapC.hitD.strikePassage3Davidisamiddleschoolstudent.Hehadlivedinasmall__1__forfifteenyears.Itwasasmallplacewithonlyfivefamilieslivingthere.Hisfather,Mr.Hill,wasarichfarmerandlateronhe__2__ashopinourtown.Heboughtahouseherelastmonth.His__3__movedtothenewhouseandhissonbegantostudyinourclass.Buthehad__4__friendshere.Atfirstheoftenplayedby_5__.HisneighborCathyisakindgirl.Shehasmanyfriends.Shefindstheboynevertalkswithanybodyanddecidestohelphim.David__6__tostaywithherandtalkstoheralot.Nowthey'regoodfriends.Oneafternoon,CathytoldDavid,“It'llbemysixteenthbirthdaytomorrow.I'llhaveabirthdayparty.Wouldyouliketocome?”“__7__.I'mgladto,”theboysaidhappily.Davidgothomeandthoughtofa__8__hecouldgivetoCathy.Hewassorrythathe_9__toaskthegirlwhatsheliked.Hecouldn'ttelephoneherbecausehedidn'tknowher__10__.AtthatmomentMrs.Hillcameandasked,“What'sthematter,dear?”“Whatwouldyoulikeifitwasyoursixteenthbirthday,Mom?”“Nothing,"thewomansaid,"IjustwishIweresixteen.”()1.A.town B.city C.village D.country()2.A.open B.opens C.opened D.opening()3.A.home B.shop C.buildingD.family()4.A.afew B.few C.alittle D.little()5.A.himself B.him C.his D.he()6.A.enjoy B.enjoys C.like D.likes()7.A.Well B.No C.Sorry D.Certainly()8.A.book B.dress C.present D.pen()9.A.forgot B.forget C.remember D.remembered()10.A.home B.number C.place D.addressPassage4Deargrandma,Howisitgoing?Ihopethatgrandpais1now.Iwassorrytohearthathehada2lastweek.Ihopeyouareingoodhealth.Thingsarefinenow.Ifinishedmyend-of-yearexamslastweekandgotmy3cardtoday.Ialwaysget4whenIseetheenvelopefromschoolinthemail,but5IdidOKthistime.Ihadareallyhard6withsciencethissemester,andIwasn'tsurprisedtofindthatmyworstreportwasfrommyscienceteacher.ShesaidIwaslazy,whichisn't7.It'sjustthatIfindsciencereallydifficult.8disappointingresultwasinhistory.MyhistoryteachersaidIcoulddobetter.Thegood9isthatmymathteachersaidIwashard-working.AndmySpanishteachersaidmylisteningwasgood.Well,that'saboutallthenewsIhavefornow.DadandMom10theirlove.LoveAlan()1.A.well B.rich C.busy D.kind()2.A.rest B.dream C.game D.cold()3.A.report B.ID C.phone D.library()4.A.excited B.sad C.nervous D.tired()5.A.carefully B.luckily C.suddenly D.quickly()6.A.business B.question C.problem D.time()7.A.important B.true C.boring D.enough()8.A.Each B.Some C.Another D.Other()9.A.meaning B.notice C.news D.letter()10.A.have B.send C.provide D.showPassage5Myholidayiscoming.YesterdayIaskedmyAmericanfriendsaboutthebestwaytotravelwithintheUnitedStates.Theysaiditwasbesttogoby__1____andgavemethe__2__.Tofly,ofcourse,isthefastestway,butonecan’tseeanythingduringa__3__excepttheblueskya