航英語聽力與會話朗讀30篇音標版

朗讀30篇注音標版Passage1Ladiesandgentlemen.Thisisyourcaptainspeaking.Ihavethepleasure['ple??]ininforming[in'f?:mi?]youthatallsafetyequipmentisinfullworkingorder.Thebowandsterndoorsareclosedandsecured[si'kju?d].Thevesselisinallaspects['?spekts]readyforsea.Pleaselistencarefullytothesafetyinstructions[in'str?k??nz]whichfollow.Intheunlikely[,?n'laikli]eventofemergency[i'm?:d??nsi],pleaseobey[?u'bei]theordersgivenonthepublicaddress[?'dres]system.Passengersarerequested[ri'kwestid]toreadallnotesandleaflets['li:flits]concerning[k?n's?:ni?]safetyregulations[,reɡju'lei??nz].Allregulationsconcerningthevessel’sroutine[ru:'ti:n]havetobeobeyed[?u'beid].Safetyregulationsdonotpermit[p?'mit]passengers['p?sind??z]toenterthefollowingspaces:--navigatingroom;--engineroom;--maneuvering[m?'nu:v?ri?]areasatthefrontandbackendofthevessel;--cargoroomsandcompartments[k?m'pɑ:tm?nts];--service['s?:vis]rooms;--allareasandspacesmarked“crewonly”;--allclosed,sealed[si:ld]orropedoffareas,spacesandrooms;--cardeckswhenthevesselisatsea.Passage2Internationalregulations[,reɡju'lei??nz]require[ri'kwai?]allpassengers['p?sind??z]beassembled[?'sembld]inadrillwhichhastotakeplacewithin24hoursofdeparture[di'pɑ:t??].Adrillwillbeheldtofamiliarize[f?'milj?raiz]passengerswiththeirassembly[?'sembli]stations,withtheirlife-savingequipmentandwithemergencyprocedures[pr?'si:d??z].Allpassengersmustattend[?'tend]thisdrill.Incase[keis]ofemergency[i'm?:d??nsi],sevenshortblasts[blɑ:sts]andoneprolonged[pr?u'l??d]blastwillbegivenwiththeship’swhistle['hwisl]andalarmsystem.Passengerswillbetaughthowtoactandbehave[bi'heiv]incaseofemergency.Passage3Alwaysrememberthatfireisthegreatesthazard['h?z?d]aboardship.Alwaysactimmediately[i'mi:di?tli]ifyoudetect[di'tekt]fireorsmellfumes[fju:mz]orsmoke.Alwaysinformamemberofthecrewifyoudetect[di'tekt]fireorsmellfumes[fju:mz]orsmoke.Becarefultoextinguishcigarettes[,siɡ?'rets]completely[k?m'pli:tli].Putusedcigarettes[,siɡ?'rets]inacontainerprovided.Neversmokeinbed.Neversmokeondeckexceptinareaslabeled['leibld]assmokingareas.Neverthrowacigarette[,siɡ?'ret]overboard.Theuseofnaked['neikid]lightandopenfireisstrictly['striktli]prohibited[pr?u'hibitid].Neveruseanelectric[i'lektrik]iron['ai?n]inacabin['k?bin].Ifyouneedtoironsomething,usetheironing['ai?ni?]roomonthethirddeck.Thekeymaybecollectedattheinformationdesk.Passage4Attention[?'ten??n]please!Attentionplease!Thisisyourcaptainwithanimportantannouncement[?'naunsm?nt].Irepeat[ri'pi:t],thisisyourcaptainwithanimportantannouncement.Wehaveaminor['main?]floodingintheengineroom.Thereisnoimmediateimmediatedangertoourpassengersortheshipandthereisnoreasontobealarmed.Forsafetyreasons,werequestallpassengerstogototheirassembly[?'sembli]stationsondeckandwaitthereforfurther['f?:e?]instructions[in'str?k??nz].Pleasefollowtheinstructions[in'str?k??nz]givenbytheofficersandcrew.Thedamagecontrolteamisfightingtheflooding.Wealsohaveradiocontact['k?nt?kt,k?n't?kt]withradiocoaststations.AssoonasIhavefurtherinformation,Iwillmakeanotherannouncement.Iaskyoukindlytoremaincalm[kɑ:m].Thereisnodangeratthistime.Passage5Whenthegeneralemergency[i'm?:d??nsi]alarmissounded,whichconsists[k?n'sists]ofsevenshortblasts[blɑ:sts]andoneprolonged[pr?u'l??d]blast,allpassengers['p?sind??z]havetogototheirassembly[?'sembli]station.Takeyourlifejackets['laifd??kits]andblankets['bl??kits]withyou.Lifejackets['laifd??kits]arestored[st?:d]inyourcabins['k?binz]underyourbedsandatyourassembly[?'sembli]stations.Youareencouraged[in'k?rid?d]totryonyourlifejackets.Allpassengersmustputonwarmclothing['kl?uei?];longtrousers['trauz?z],long-sleeved[sli:vd]shirtsorjackets['d??kits],strongshoesandheadcovering['k?v?ri?].Allpassengers['p?sind??z]withtheirlifejackets['laifd??kit]andblankets['bl??kits]arerequested[ri'kwestid]togototheirassembly[?'sembli]stationsimmediately[i'mi:di?tli].Fromyourassembly[?'sembli]stationsyouwillbeescorted['esk?:tid,i'sk?:tid]toyourlifeboats.Allpassengersarerequestedtocarefullystudythesafetyinstructionsbehindtheircabindoors.Allpassengersarerequested[ri'kwestid]tofollowtheescape[i'skeip]routes[ru:ts]shown.Donotuselifts.Passage6Lastyeartherewere63incidents['insid?nts]atsea.Thisincluded[in'klu:did]10spills,2ofwhichresulted[ri'z?ltid]inpollution[p?:'lju:??n].Fourteenvesselsgroundedand6vesselscollided[k?'laidid]inbadweatherconditions.Therewere20reportsofpersonal['p?:s?nl]injury['ind??ri].Theseinjuries['ind??riz]usuallyoccurred[?'k?:d]becauseseamendidnottakecarewithmachinery[m?'?i:n?ri]orbecausetheydidnotwearthecorrecttypeofprotective[pr?u'tektiv]clothing['kl?uei?].Sevenshipsreportedfiresonboardduringtheyear:in2incidents,thefiresstartedinthegalley,inanother2incidents,firesstartedwhenchemical['kemik?l]containersexploded[ik'spl?udid];andin3incidents,thefiresoccurred[?'k?:d]becauseofelectrical[i'lektrik?l]faults[f?:lts].On4occasions[?'kei??nz]vesselslostpowerbecausethecrewdidnotfollowcorrectprocedures[pr?'si:d??z]duringmaneuvering[m?'nu:v?ri?].Therewereaccounts[?'kaunts]ofcargocontamination[k?n,t?mi'nei??n]:1cargoofgrain[ɡrein]suffered['s?f?d]fromheatdamage,andintheothercase,waterleaked[li:kt]intotheholdanddamagedacargooffruit.Passage7Thisincident['insid?nt]tookplaceonboardtheMVElgainJanuary['d??nju?ri]ofthisyear.Someofourcargoofpipesbrokeloose[lu:s]onthedeckwhenwewererounding['raundi?]theCape[keip]ofGoodHopeinbadweather.Therewerehighwindsandvisibility[,vizi'bil?ti]wasverypoor.Atthetimeoftheincident['insid?nt]Iwasonwatchonthebridge.The2ndofficerheardaloudbanging['b??i?]noise[n?iz]andnoticedthepipeswereloose.Iimmediately[i'mi:di?tli]informed[in'f?:md]theCaptainwhoorderedateamtogoondecktotieandsecurethepipes.Theproblemwascausedbythesevere[si'vi?]movementofthevesselandsomelashings['??i?z]breaking['breiki?].Thedeckcrewswereabletoleverthepipesintoasecureposition.Wemanagedtolashthecargodownagainsufficiently[s?'fi??ntli]untilthebadweatherpassed.Therewasverylittlewecoulddotoensurethatthisincidentdoesnothappenagain.However,whenbadweatherisforecast['f?:kɑ:st],alllashings['??i?z]shouldbecheckedand,ifnecessary,extra['ekstr?]lashingsshouldbeputinplace.Passage8Itisacommon['k?m?n]belief[bi'li:f]among[?'m??]membersofthepublic['p?blik]thatpiracy['pai?r?si]belongs[bi'l??z]toanera['i?r?,'ε?r?]inwhichswashbuckling['sw??,b?kli?]恃強凌弱的pirates['pai?rits]playedcatandmouse[maus,mauz]withsailingshipladen['leid?n]withgold.Thatpiracy['pai?r?si]isathingofthepast,however,isamyth[miθ].ThemainpointI’dliketomakeisthatarmed[ɑ:md]robbery['r?b?ri]isstillarealthreat[θret]totheshippingindustry['ind?stri].Theinternationalmaritimebureau['bju?r?u]reportedthatin1994therewere92serious['si?ri?s]attacks[?'t?ks]onships.Twoyearslaterin1996,thisfigure['fiɡ?]rocketed['r?kitid]to174,andin1997thefigure['fiɡ?]continuedtorisedramatically[dr?'m?tik?li]to252.Almosttocombat['k?mb?t,k?m'b?t]thiscrime[kraim]weremadeduringtheearly1990sandconsequently['k?nsi,kw?ntli]thenumberofattacksdecreasedsignificantly[sig'nif?k?ntli].Thisdecreasewasduetotwomainfactors['f?kt?z].IMOmissions['mi??nz]任務，使命weresenttoproblemareasandpressurewasalsoexerted[iɡ'z?:tid]oncountrieswhosewaterswereknownblackspots[sp?ts]forpirate['pai?rit]attacks[?'t?ks].Passage9Twotypesofcompasses['k?mp?siz]areusedatsea,namely['neimli]thegyrocompass['d?ai?r?u,k?mp?s]andthemagnetic[m?ɡ'netik]compass['k?mp?s].Thegyrocompass['d?ai?r?u,k?mp?s]iselectrically[i'lektrik?li]driven[driv?n]andindicatesthedirectionofthegeographical[d?i?'ɡr?fik?l]ortruenorthpole[p?ul]oftheearth.Whenagyrocompass['d?ai?r?u,k?mp?s]hasbeenstarted,sometimemustbeallowedforittosettle['setl]down,andaship’sgyrocompass['d?ai?r?u,k?mp?s]shouldbestartedsomehoursbeforeitistobeused.Agyrocompassmayfunction['f??k??n]correctly,butatthesametimeregister['red?ist?]asmall,constant['k?nst?nt]error['er?]knownasgyro['d?ai?r?u]error.Ifthegyrocompassindicatesadirectionwhichisnumerically[nju:'merik?li]largerthanthetruedirection,theerrorisdescribedashigh,andconversely['k?nv?:sli]anumerically[nju:'merik?li]smallerreadingisdescribedaslow.Passage10Major['meid??]coast[k?ust]radiostationsallovertheworldtransmit[tr?ns'mit],atregular['reɡjul?]intervals['int?v?lz]andincode[k?ud],weatherinformationforshipswithinrange[reind?].Weatherinformationconsists[k?n'sists]oftenparts,ofwhichshipsusuallymakeuseofthree,thatis,warning,synoptic[si'n?ptik]situationandforecast['f?:kɑ:st].Withweatherinformation,marinersareabletokeepawayfromdisastrous[di'zɑ:str?s]weatheratseaandreducethedangeragreatdeal[di:l].Asterrible['ter?bl]weatherispredicted[pri'diktid],shipscantakeprecautions[pri'k?:??nz]預防措施beforehand,bydelaying[di'leii?]thevoyage['v?iid?]orseeking[si:ki?]shelter['?elt?]inasafeplace.Ifthereisahighseaorlongswell[swel],theycantakesomemeasures['me??z]tosafeguard['seifɡɑ:d]保護措施thecargoandtheship.Passage11Whenthevesselapproaches[?'pr?ut?iz]herdesignated['deziɡ,neitid]berthatminimum['minim?m]steerageway['sti?rid?wei],theapproach[?'pr?ut?]tothequay[ki:]碼頭ismadeatthesmallest['sm?:list]possible['p?s?bl]angle.Withaheaving['hi:vin?]linethehawser['h?:z?]ispulledfromthevesselontotheembankment[im'b??km?nt]byline-handlers['h?ndl?z].Thespringisfastened['fɑ:s?nd]toabollard['b?l?d],andwhiletheengineisonhalfastern[?'st?:n],thewarping['w?:pi?]drum[dr?m]picksuptheslack[sl?k].Topreventthelinefrombeingfouled,thehawserorspringisledthroughthefairlead.Theshipisthenmaneuvered[m?'nu:v?d]alongtheembankment[im'b??km?nt]andfastened['fɑ:s?nd]tobollards['b?l?dz]byheadlines,sternlines,breast[brest]linesandsprings.Whenleavingberth,casting['kɑ:sti?offorders,engineroomordersandhelm[helm]ordersaregivenbythepilotorthemaster.Afterhavingstartedtheengines,thefirstorderis“Standingbyforlettinggo!”.Whenalineiscast[kɑ:st]off,thefirstordermustalwaysbe“Slackaway”,sothatitwillbecomepossibletohandlethehawser['h?:z?].Thenextcastingofforderwillthenbe:“Heave[hi:v]away”,whichmeansthatthelinecanbepulledaboard[?'b?:d].Thesequence['si:kw?ns]ofcastingoffordersthatcanthenbegivendepends[di'pendz]onhowthevesselhasbeenberthed,andontheprevailing[pri'veili?]weatherconditionandcurrents['k?r?nts].Passage12Oneofthemostimportantresponsibilities[ri,sp?ns?'bil?tiz]ofthefirstmate[meit]istomakesurethatcargowillbeproperly['pr?p?li]loadedandstowed.Whetherbulkcargo,generalcargo,heavycargo,containerized[k?n'tein?raizd]cargoesorrefrigerated[ri'frid??reitid]perishable['peri??bl]cargoarecarried,caremustalwaysbetakentoensure[in'?u?]thatacargowillnotinanywayaffect[?'fekt]thevessel’sstability[st?'biliti]andjeopardize['d?ep?daiz]危害vessel,cargoandcrew.Thereforeastowage['st?uid?]planmustbemadeupbeforetheloadingofthecargocommences[k?'mensiz].Stevedoring['sti:v?d?:ri?](loadinganddischargingofcargo)mustbedoneaccording[?'k?:di?]tothisstowage['st?uid?]planbyashoregang[ɡ??].Ashoregangusuallyconsists[k?n'sists]ofaforeman['f?:m?n]andstevedores['sti:v?d?:z](longshoreman['l??,??:m?n]港口工人,astheyarecalledinAmerica),hatchway['h?t?wei]men,winch[wint?]men,andatally['t?li]clerk[kl?:k].Passage13Therearefivecommon['k?m?n]kindsofinjury['ind??ri]onvessels.Seafarers['si:fε?r?z]sometimesbreaktheirarmsandlegswhentheysliporfall.Theseaccidents['?ksid?nts]happen['h?p?n]whentheydon’twearsafetyboots[bu:ts]orwhendecksarewetandoily['?ili].Seafarers['si:fε?r?z]alsofallwhenladders['l?d?z]arenotsecure[si'kju?].Toprevent[pri'vent]brokenarmsandlegs,itisimportanttowearsafetyboots.Seafarers['si:fε?r?z]sometimesstrain[strein]theirbackswhentheyliftheavyobjects['?bd?ikts].Backstrainusuallyhappenswhenseafarers['si:fε?r?z]liftobjects['?bd?ikts]aloneorwhentheydon’tuseliftingequipmentproperly['pr?p?li].Topreventbackstrain,itisimportanttoliftproperly['pr?p?li].Seafarers['si:fε?r?z]sometimessuffer['s?f?]fromburnswhenthereisafire,explosion[ik'spl?u??n]orchemical['kemik?l]spill.Seafarers['si:fε?r?z]needtobecarefulwhentheysmokeorwhentheyworkwithchemicals.Topreventburns,itisimportanttoobey“NoSmoking”signsandtohandlechemical['kemik?l]cargosafely.Seafarerssometimessufferfromcuts.Theyoftencuttheirfingers['fi?ɡ?z]whentheyarecarelesswithsharp[?ɑ:p]machinery[m?'?i:n?ri].Topreventcuts,itisimportanttousesafetyguards[ɡɑ:dz]andweargloves[ɡl?vz].Seafarerssometimesinjure['ind??]theireyeswhentheyworkwithmachinery[m?'?i:n?ri].Dust[d?st],sparks[spɑ:ks],andchemicals['kemik?lz]areverydangerouswhentheyentertheeye.Topreventeyeinjuries['ind??riz],itisimportanttowearprotective[pr?u'tektiv]goggles['ɡ?ɡlz].Passage14Thevesselwasatanchorovernight[,?uv?'nait,'?uv?nait]whilewewerewaitingforpermission[p?'mi??n]toentertheport.Twoofficersofwatchwerepatrolling[p?'tr?uli?]thedeckbuttheydidnotnoticeanythingunusual[,?n'ju:?u?l].Theydidnotrealize['ri?laiz]thatwhiletheywereonwatch,twostowaways['st?u?,weiz]werehiding[haidi?]inthelifeboat.Onemanescaped[i'skeipt]byjumping['d??mpi?]overboard['?uv?b?:d]whiletheotherclimbed[klaimd]downaropeladder['l?d?].Later,IreceivedaphonecallfromtheCoastguard['k?ustga:d]attheport.Hesaidthattwomenfrommyvesselwereswimming['swimi?]towards[t?'w?:dz]theshore.Hecalledthepoliceandorderedarescue['reskju:]boattopickupthemen.Whentherescue['reskju:]boatwentout,itpickeduponlyoneperson.Theotherwasnowheretobeseen.Asyet,Ihavenofurther['f?:e?]informationaboutthetwostowaways['st?u?,weiz].Thevesselwillremain[ri'mein]inportuntilportAuthorities[?:'θ?r?tiz]havesearched[s?:t?t]thevesselandgivenclearance['kli?r?ns]todepart[di'pɑ:t].Iamawaiting[?'weiti?]instruction[in'str?k??n]fromtheimmigration[,imi'ɡrei??n]authoritiesabouttheprocedure[pr?'si:d??]forrepatriating[ri:'p?trieiti?]遣返thestowaway['st?u?,wei]whoisinpolicecustody['k?st?di]拘留atpresent.Thepolicearestillsearchingforthemissing['misi?]stowaways['st?u?,weiz].Passage15Theecho['ek?u]sounder['saund?]sendsaradiosignalfromthebottomoftheshiptotheseabed['si:bed],fromwhichitisreflected[ri'flektid].Thetimetakentoreceivethereflected[ri'flektid]signalisameasureofthedepthofwaterundertheship.Thereceivedpulse[p?ls]isdisplayed[dis'pleid]onachartbyapenrecorder[ri'k?:d?]sothatthenavigator['n?viɡeit?]canseetheoutline['autlain]ofthebottomoverwhichthevesselispassing.Asimilar['simil?]device[di'vais]isthesonar['s?unɑ:]system,whichuseshighfrequency['frikw?nsi]soundsignals.Insonar['s?unɑ:]thesoundsignalcanbesentahead[?'hed]orsideways['saidweiz].Thetimefortheechotobesentbackfromanobject['?bd?ikt],suchasanunderwater['?nd?'w?:t?]rock,isameasure['me??]oftheobject’s['?bd?ikts]distance['dist?ns]fromtheship.Thesonar['s?unɑ:]systemcanalsobeusedtomeasurethespeedoftheshipovertheseabed['si:bed].Passage16Theofficeronwatch(OOW)shouldensure[in'?u?]thattheSOLASrequirements[ri'kwai?m?nts]fortheoperationandtestingofthesteering['sti?ri?]gear[ɡi?]areobserved[?b'z?:vd].Steeringcontroloftheshipwillcomprise[k?m'praiz]manual['m?nju?l]steering,probablysupplemented['s?plim?ntid,'s?pl?mentid]byanautopilot['?:t?u'pail?t].Ateachsteeringpositionthereshouldbeagyro['d?ai?r?u]repeater[ri'pi:t?]andrudder['r?d?]angle['??ɡl]indicator['indikeit?]andemergency[i'm?:d??nsi]back-upsteeringposition,usuallyinthesteeringgearflat[fl?t],isalsorequired[ri'kwai?d].Ifanautopilot['?:t?u'pail?t]isfitted,asteeringmode[m?ud]selector[si'lekt?]switch[swit?]forchangingbetweenautomatic[,?:t?'m?tik]andmanual['m?nju?l]steering,andamanualoverride[,?uv?'raid]controltoallowtheOOWtogain[ɡein]instant['inst?nt]manual['m?nju?l]controlofthesteering,willberequired[ri'kwai?d].Whenoperatinganautopilot,thecoursetosteerwillneedtobemanually['m?nju?li]setontheautopilotandtheautopilotwillsteerthecourseuntilanewcourseisentered.Passage17Atypical['tipik?l]weather['wee?]reportnormally['n?:m?li]include[in'klu:d]threeparts:warning['w?:ni?],synoptic[si'n?ptik]situationandforecast['f?:kɑ:st].Gale[ɡeil]warnings['w?:ni?z]areusuallyissued['isju:d]whenwindsofatleastforce8orgusts[ɡ?sts]reaching43knotsareexpected[ik'spektid].Galewarningsremaininforceuntilamended[?'mendid]orcanceled['k?ns?ld].However,ifthegalepersists[p?'sists]formorethan24hoursafterthetimeoforigin['?rid?in],thewarningwillbere-issued.Theterm“severe[si'vi?]gale”implies[im'plaiz]ameanwindofatleastforce9orgusts[ɡ?sts]reaching52knots.Stormwarningsareusuallyissuedwhenwindsofforce10orgustsreaching61knotsareexpected.Theterm“imminent['imin?nt]”implies[im'plaiz]within6hoursofthetimeissue,“soon”implies[im'plaiz]between6and12hours,and“l(fā)ater”implies[im'plaiz]morethan12hours.Hurricane['h?rik?n]warningsareissuedinsomepartsoftheworldwhenwindsofforce12oraboveareexpected.Passage18Admiralty['?dm?r?lti]Notice['n?utis]toMariners,weeklyeditions,containsinformationwhichenables[i'neiblz]themarinerstokeephischartsandbookspublishedbythehydrographic[,haidr?u'ɡr?fik]department[di'pɑ:tm?nt]up-to-date['?pt?'deit]forthelatestreportsreceived.Inaddition[?'di??n]toallAdmiralty['?dm?r?lti]Notices['n?utisiz],theyinclude[in'klu:dallAustralian[?:'stre?lj?n]andNewZealand[,nju:'zi:l?nd]chartcorrectingNotices,theselected[si'lektid]temporary['temp?r?ri]andpreliminary[pri'limin?ri]ones.Copies['k?piz]ofallAustralian[?:'stre?lj?n]andNewZealandNoticescanbeobtainedfromAustralianorNewZealand[,nju:'zi:l?nd]chartagents['eid??nts].TheNoticesarepublishedinweeklyeditions,andareissued['isju:d]bythehydrographic[,haidr?u'ɡr?fik]department[di'pɑ:tm?nt]onadaily['deili]basis['beisis]tocertainAdmiraltychartagents.Weeklyeditionscanbeobtained[?b'teind]gratis['ɡreitis],ordispatched[dis'p?t?t]regularly['reɡj?l?li]bysurface['s?:fis]orairmail['ε?meil]fromAdmiraltychartagents.Portsandauthorities[?:'θ?r?tiz]whomaintain[mein'tein]copiesofAdmiraltyNoticestoMarinersforconsultation[,k?ns?l'tei??n]arelistedonAnnual['?nju?l]Summary['s?m?ri]ofAdmiraltyNoticestoMariners.Passage19Themasteristhedirectrepresentative[,repri'zent?tiv]ofthecompany.Decisions[di'si??nz]andactionstakenbythemasterinhiscapacity[k?'p?s?ti]areusuallybinding['baindi?]uponthecompany,andtherefore['eε?f?:]themastermustacttoensurethatcompany’sinterests['intrists]areprotected[pr?'tektid].Themasterhassupreme[sju'pri:m]command[k?'mɑ:nd]ofthevesselandfullauthority[?:'θ?r?ti]underthelawoverallphases[feiziz]ofvesseloperationsatalltimes.Thisauthority[?:'θ?r?ti]underthelawextendsoverallpersonsonboard.Themasterisanatalltimesresponsiblefortheseaworthiness['si:,w?:einis]andsafetyoftheshipandforthesafetyofallpersonnel[,p?:s?'nel],cargoandequipmentaboard.Themasterisresponsibleforthemanagement['m?nid?m?nt]ofthecertificates[s?'tifikeits]anddocuments['d?kjum?nts,'d?kjuments]related[ri'leitid]thevessel.Themasterisultimately['?ltim?tli]responsibleforthesafehandlingandcontrolofcargoduringloading,transport[tr?ns'p?:t]anddischarge.Passage20Uponjoiningavessel,thethirdofficermustreporttothemaster.Thethirdofficermustdiscuss[dis'k?s]withtheofficerbeingrelieved[ri'li:vd]thatareasofthethirdofficer’sresponsibility[ri,sp?ns?'bil?ti],andinspectthempromptly[pr?mptli],preferably['pref?r?bli]inthecompany['k?mp?ni]陪伴oftheofficerbeingrelieved[ri'li:vd].Anythingfoundtobeunsatisfactory['?n,s?tis'f?kt?ri]mustbereportedtothemaster.Thethirdofficerisresponsible[ri'sp?ns?bl]tothemasterfortheproperperformance[p?'f?:m?ns]ofhisassigned[?'saind]bridgewatchstandingandnavigational[,n?vi'gei??n?l]duties.Thethirdofficerisresponsible[ri'sp?ns?bl]tothemasterthroughthefirstofficerforwatchdutiespertaining[p?:'teini?]tofire-fightingappliances[?'plai?nsiz]andlife-savingappliances[?'plai?nsiz]andmaintenance['meint?n?ns].Thethirdofficerisresponsibleforthecareoftheship’ssignaling['siɡn?li?]equipment.Thethirdofficerisresponsibletothemasterformaintainingandaccounting[?'kaunti?]foralltrainingpublications[,p?bli'kei??nz]andtrainingaids,includingthemovie['mu:vi]projector[pr?u'd?ekt?],films[filmz],andotheraudio['?:di?u]-visual['vizju?l]equipment.Passage21Somanylives[laivz]arelosteveryyearduetoaccidents['?ksid?nts]involving[in'v?lvi?]towingandmooringropes.Pleasespare[spε?]afewminutestoreadthis.Itmaysaveyourlife.Alwayswearasafetyhelmet['helmit]whenonthedeckofatug,lighter['lait?]orbargeengaged[in'ɡeid?d]inmooring,cargoortowingoperations.Alwayswearshoes（notslippers['slip?z]拖鞋）whenworkingondeck.Neverstandunderneath[,?nd?'ni:θ]anobject['?bd?ikt,-d?ekt,?b'd?ekt]beinghoisted[h?istid]ordeck.Neverstandwithinabight[bait]ofarope.Neverstandclosetomooringortowingropesunderstrain[strein.iftheybreak,thebacklash['b?k,l??]后沖canbefatal['feitl]致命的.Hoistingorloweringoperationsshouldalwaysbecarriedoutwithapersonatthecontrols.Failure['feilj?]todosomanycostyoualimb[lim]orevenyourlife.G.Shackles['??klz]andthimbles['θimblz]shouldnevergothroughroller['r?ul?]fairleads['fε?li:dz].Theropesmayjumpoffandcauseinjuries['ind??ri].Allropesandwiresshouldbeinspectedregularly['reɡj?l?li],andrenewed[ri'nju:d]forwear['wε?]andtear[ti?]whenevernecessary.H.Alwayswearalifejacket['laifd??kit]whenworkingorwalkingonthedeckofabargeorlighterduringrough[r?f]seas,rainorwheneverthedeckiswet.Youmayslip[slip]andfallintothewater.Passage22Maritime['m?ritaim]communication[k?,mju:ni'kei??n]comprises[k?m'praiziz]communicationsbetweenvesselsandcoast-stations,intership['int?:?ip]communicationandintraship['intr??ip]communication(internal[in't?:n?l]communicationwhenthevesselisbeforecasting['kɑ:sti?]off,leavingberth,loadingordischarging,etc.).Vesselsandcoast-stationscancommunicate[k?'mju:nikeit]bymeansofRadioTelephony[ti'lef?ni],Satellite['s?t?lait],Digital['did?it?l]Selective[si'lektiv]Calling(DSC)andRadio-Telex['teleks].Categories['k?tiɡ?riz]ofmessagesthatcanbetransmitted[tr?ns'mitid]andreceivedarecalled‘priorities[prai'?r?tiz]’.Theyindicate['indikeit]theimportantofthemessage.ADISTRESS[di'stres]ALERT[?'l?:t]indicatesthatthereisserious['si?ri?s]andimmediate[i'mi:di?t]dangerforvessel,crewandpassengers['p?sind??z].ADistressAlertisalsoreferredtoasa‘MAYDAY’.AnURGENCY['?:d??nsi]messageindicatesthatthereisseriousdangerforvessel,crewandpassenger.AnUrgencyMessageisalsoreferredtoasa‘PANPAN’message.ASAFETYmessageindicatesthatthereisimminent['imin?nt]riskfornavigation[,n?vi'ɡei??n].ASafetyMessageisalsoreferredtoasa‘SECURITE[si'kju:rait]’message.AROUTINE[ru:'ti:n]messageistransmitted[tr?ns'mitid]toensure[in'?u?]safenavigation.Routinemessagesrefertointership['int?:?ip]communication,exchange[iks't?eind?]ofdata['deit?]inportoperations,communicationbetweenshipsandVesselTraffic['tr?fik]Services['s?:visiz],inshore[,in'??:]radarstations,pilotstations,bridgesandlocks.Passage23AVHF-transceiver[tr?ns'si:v?](transmitter[tr?nz'mit?]+receiver[ri'si:v?])transmits[tr?ns'mits]andreceivesradiosignals.TheVHFisusedtobridgeshortdistances['dist?nsiz],iseasytooperateandisallowedtobeusedbothinterritorial[,teri't?:ri?l]watersandinlandwaterways['w?:t?weiz].Itsreceiverhasa“push-to-talkbutton['b?t?n]”.Iftheinstallation[,inst?'lei??n]isa“simplex['simpleks]”radio,speakingandlisteningcannotbedonesimultaneously[sim?l'teini?sli].Whenyouwishtospeak,youpushthebutton;whenyouwishtolisten,yourelease[ri'li:s]it.Beforechangingfromspeakingtolistening,yousay“over”.VHFradio-communicationcanbridgeabout40miles.MF-or-HFradiotelephony[,reidi?uti'lef?ni]isusedtobridge150miles(MF)to2000miles(HF).Reception[ri'sep??n]ofradiosignalswillnotalwaysbeofhighquality['kw?l?ti],andcoverage['k?v?rid?]willnotalwaysextend[ik'stend]tothedesired[di'zai?d]areas.Thismayofcoursehaveconsequences['k?nsi,kw?ns]forthesafetyofthevesselandhercrew.Thesedisadvantages[dis?d'vɑ:ntid?iz]ofcommunicationthroughspeechhaveledtotheintroductionofDigital['did?it?l]Selective[si'lektiv]Callinginmaritime['m?ritaim]communication[k?,mju:ni'kei??n].Passage24Weather-conditionshaveagreatinfluence['influ?ns]onthesafetyduringavoyageandshouldalwaysbetakenintoconsideration[k?n,sid?'rei??n]invoyage-planningandwhenunderway.Thestateoftheatmosphere['?tm?,sfi?]isdeterminedbyvarious['vε?ri?s]meteorological[,mi: