考點(diǎn)分類練7　詞句猜測(cè)題(1)閱讀理解2025年高考總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)二輪專題英語A課后習(xí)題專項(xiàng)能力提升練含答案

考點(diǎn)分類練7詞句猜測(cè)題(1)閱讀理解2025年高考總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)二輪專題英語A課后習(xí)題專項(xiàng)能力提升練含答案考點(diǎn)分類練(七)詞句猜測(cè)題(1)Passage1(2024廣東韶關(guān)二模)主題:在太行山路上投遞郵件詞數(shù):311難度:★★★☆☆Fornearlytwodecades,athin,sun-burntpostalworkercouldfrequentlybeseencarryingpackagesalongadangerousmountaintrailintheTaihangMountains.The10-kilometer-longroute,whichisbetween20centimetersand1meterwide,isknownasthe“catroad”bylocals,meaningthatitissodangerousthatonlycatscouldwalkonit.Whereas,ZhaoYuefang,apostalworkerinEwutownshipinHuguancounty,ShanxiProvince,hadtowalktherouteeverydaytodelivermail.Everydayatthecrackofdawn,hewouldstarthisjourneyalongthe“catroad”.Frompickinguptheday’sposttodeliveringittovillagersandreturningalongthesameroute,ittookZhaofourdays.Duringrainyandsnowyseasons,themountainroad,partofwhichhugsthecliffs,wouldbecomeslipperyanddangerous.Onedayinthewinterof2003,the“catroad”wascoveredinthicksnowandheslippedoffthetrail.Fortunately,hewasabletostophissharpdescentbygrabbingatreebranchandslowlymanagedtoclimbtosafety.By2012,Zhaohadwalkedmorethan300,000kmanddeliveredover800,000piecesofmail.Bornandraisedinthedeepmountains,Zhaotrulyunderstandsthesignificanceofmaildeliveriestovillagers.“Theydependonthemailtokeepintouchwiththeoutsideworld,”hesaid.“Theirsheerjoywrittenontheirfacewhilereceivinganypoststruckme,”headded.In2012,a67-kilometer-longtouristhighwaywasbuiltandgonewerethosedayswhenZhaoriskedhislifetowalkonthe“catroad”.ButZhaowasevenbusierthanbefore.“ThenumberofpackagesIhandledailynowexceedsthenumberIusedtodealwithinthepast,”saidZhao,addingthatvillagersareturningtoonlineshoppingandorderingmoreandmoregoodsbypost.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。它講述了一位名叫趙岳芳的郵政工作人員在太行山的危險(xiǎn)山路上投遞郵件的故事,通過描述他的工作經(jīng)歷和所面臨的挑戰(zhàn),文章展現(xiàn)了其堅(jiān)持不懈和奉獻(xiàn)的精神。1.Whyisthemountaintrailreferredtoas“catroad”?A.It’sshapedlikeacat.B.It’sintendedforcats.C.Itistoonarrowandrisky.D.Itrainscatsanddogsthere.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The10-kilometer-longroute,whichisbetween20centimetersand1meterwide,isknownasthe‘catroad’bylocals,meaningthatitissodangerousthatonlycatscouldwalkonit.”可知,因?yàn)檫@條路太窄,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)太大,只有貓才能在上面走,所以被稱為“貓路”。2.Whatdoestheword“descent”inparagraph3mean?A.Fall. B.Pain.C.Turn. D.Landing.答案A解析詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“Onedayinthewinterof2003,the‘catroad’wascoveredinthicksnowandheslippedoffthetrail.”并結(jié)合下文“grabbingatreebranch”可知,他滑下了小路,但是他抓住一根樹枝,應(yīng)是阻止了急劇的下降,推知descent意為“下降”,和A項(xiàng)意思相近。3.Accordingtothepassage,whichwordscanbestdescribeZhao?A.Persistentanddedicated.B.Diligentandambitious.C.Considerateandconfident.D.Courageousandgenerous.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章前三段內(nèi)容可知,趙岳芳20年來一直在太行山一條被稱為“貓路”的危險(xiǎn)山路上投遞郵件,他堅(jiān)持不懈、有奉獻(xiàn)精神,即使路線危險(xiǎn)也不放棄,因此最能描述他的詞語是“Persistentanddedicated(堅(jiān)持不懈和有奉獻(xiàn)精神的)”。4.WhathasalwaysmotivatedZhao’senthusiasmforhisjob?A.Thevillagers’respectforhim.B.Hisbeingbornandraisedthere.C.Today’shugenumberofthepackages.D.Thevalueofthedeliveriestothelocals.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知,趙在深山出生、長(zhǎng)大,他真切理解郵件投遞對(duì)于村民的重要性,所以是郵件投遞的價(jià)值一直激勵(lì)著趙對(duì)工作的熱情。Passage2(2024山西臨汾一模)主題:古典音樂詞數(shù):336難度:★★★☆☆PullmanisasuperbwriterandSeagullisabrilliantcommunicator.TheyhadadebateafterSeagullpostedaquestiononhissocialmediaplatform:“Whenyouweretryingtocreateanenvironmentforlearning,whatwereyourbestpiecesofclassicalmusictolistento?”Hereceivedhundredsofsuggestions—andonenegativereply,fromPullman:“That’snotwhatclassicalmusicisfor.Treatitwithrespect.”Thatdidit!Everyone—professionalmusicians,students,teachers—weighedinontheargument,andthemajoritysupportedSeagullandwerecriticizingPullman.It’seasytoseewhypeopleareannoyed.Weallwantclassicalmusictobeasaccessibleaspossible,especiallytotheyoung.IfsomeofthemareusingBachorSchubertasatooltohelpthemstudy,what’stheproblem?Theymayalsodevelopanattachmenttoclassicalmusic.SoisPullmanridiculousandsuperciliousbyobjectingtoclassicalmusicbeingusedasbackgroundmusic?Atfirstsight,hisideaseemsstuffyandextreme.Bysuggestingthatclassicalmusicshouldbe“treatedwithrespect”andnotusedasbackgroundmusic,Pullmanseemstobeclosingclassicalmusictomillionsofpeople.It’sworthpointingout,however,thatheisn’tthefirsttoexpressconcernsaboutclassicalmusicbeingdevaluedbybecomingtoocommonplaceintoday’stechnologically-shapedworld.InBenjaminBritten’s1964speech,thecomposerexpressedexactlythesameworriesasPullman.Brittensuggested,“Thetruemusicalexperiencedemandssomepreparation,someeffort,ajourneytoaspecialplace,savingupforaticket,somehomeworkperhaps.”Inshort,itdemandsasmucheffortfromlistenersasfromcomposersandperformers.Idon’tagreewithsuchanextremeviewpoint,butIdothinkittouchesonareality.Youwillneverfullygraspthebeautyofclassicalmusicifyouhalf-hearitonlyinthebackground.Thatdoesn’tnecessarilymatter.Musiccanbeenjoyedonmanylevels.WhatPullmanandBrittenarereallysayingisthat,inadrivefor“accessibility”,weshouldn’tdenytheemotionalandintellectualcomplexityunderpinning(構(gòu)成)muchclassicalmusic.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了古典音樂的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景和價(jià)值,以及對(duì)于將古典音樂用作背景音樂的不同觀點(diǎn)。5.WhatdidSeagull’spostingresultin?A.GreatadmirationforSeagull.B.Publiccriticismofclassicalmusic.C.Adiscussionaboutlearningenvironments.D.Anargumentovertheroleofclassicalmusic.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章前兩段內(nèi)容可知,Seagull發(fā)帖的結(jié)果是引起了關(guān)于古典音樂作用的爭(zhēng)論。6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“supercilious”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Self-important. B.Open-minded.C.Impatient. D.Considerate.答案A解析詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“ridiculousand”可知,supercilious和ridiculous并列,為貶義詞,以及下文“Atfirstsight,hisideaseemsstuffyandextreme.Bysuggestingthatclassicalmusicshouldbe‘treatedwithrespect’andnotusedasbackgroundmusic,Pullmanseemstobeclosingclassicalmusictomillionsofpeople.”可知,Pullman認(rèn)為需要尊重古典音樂,所以推知Pullman認(rèn)為將古典音樂作為背景音樂是荒謬和傲慢的,supercilious為“傲慢”之意,和A項(xiàng)“妄自尊大的”意思相近。7.WhyistheBenjaminBritten’s1964speechmentioned?A.Toshowhisaffectionforclassicalmusic.B.Tointroduceyoungpeopletoclassicalmusic.C.Todemonstrateclassicalmusicisdemanding.D.TosupportPullman’sideaoverclassicalmusic.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,作者提到了本杰明·布里頓1964年的演講,是為了支持Pullman對(duì)古典音樂的看法。8.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoPullman’sidea?A.Favorable. B.Doubtful.C.Objective. D.Uninterested.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知,作者既不同意Pullman極端的觀點(diǎn),但是也不認(rèn)為將古典音樂作為背景音樂是合適的,因?yàn)槟銓⒂肋h(yuǎn)無法完全領(lǐng)略古典音樂的美,所以他的態(tài)度是客觀的。Passage3(2024安徽池州二模)主題:生活故事詞數(shù):353難度:★★★★★Howdowecometomakesenseofourdailylives?Howcanwegainastronggraspofwhowereallyareandhowwefitintheworld?Andhowcanwenaturallyconnecttoimportantonesinourlives?“Lifestoriesareoneoftheprimetoolswehaveforunderstandingourselvesandtheworldaroundus,”saysRobynFivush,aprofessoratEmoryUniversity.Humansarenaturalstorytellers.Weusestoriestounderstandourpresent,drawinsightsfromourpast,andanticipatethefuture.Thus,storytellingisbasictoourlives.Asaformofrichengagementbetweenfamilymembers,familystorytellingshouldbevaluedmore.Sharingbedtimestoriesandtalksafterschool,orwalkingthroughaneventthatleftayoungchildcrying—theseareallopportunitiesforparentsandchildrentobecomecloserthroughwarmth,understandingandsupport.Fivushandhercolleagueshaveunderscoredthevalueofstorytellinginparenting.Thewaysparentssupportchildren’semotionsandhelpthemretellmorevivid,richlydetailedstorieshavelastingimpactsonchildren’scognitive(認(rèn)知的)andemotionaldevelopment.Childrenandteenagerslearnhowtotalkabouttheirlivesfromfamilystories.Anearlyexampleislearninghowtopresentadetailedstorywithabeginning,amiddle,andanend—togiveitaclearstructure.Further,theylearnwhatisappropriatetotalkaboutoravoidandwhatfeelingsareappropriatetoshareoverdinneroroutwithothers.Whengrowingup,weuseourlifestoriestobuildcomplexandstableviewsofourselves.Throughstoriesaboutthetraditionsmaintainedovertheyears,wemakeconnectionsbetweenpastsuccessesandfailures,ourrelationships,andtheactivitiesthatholdmeaningtoustodevelopournewidentities.Theseidentitiesreflectourrolesasfamilymembers,communitymembers,co-workersandsoon,thushelpingushaveamorecompleteviewofourselves.Havingalastingimpactonourselvesandthosearoundus,lifestoriesarefilledwithmeaning,insight,andvalue.Bytheway,what’sthestorythatstandsouttoyoufromarecentmealorchat?【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要探討了生活故事在個(gè)人身份認(rèn)同和情感發(fā)展中的作用,以及家庭講故事對(duì)親子關(guān)系的重要性。9.Whydoesthewriteraskthreequestionsinthebeginning?A.Toexplainageneralidea.B.Togivebackgroundinformation.C.Tointroduceanargument.D.Toreportthefindingofastudy.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Lifestoriesareoneoftheprimetoolswehaveforunderstandingourselvesandtheworldaroundus”可推理出第一段使用了三個(gè)問題是為了引出“生活故事是我們了解自己和周圍世界的主要工具之一”這一論點(diǎn)。10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“underscored”inparagraph2mean?A.Castdoubton.B.Attachedimportanceto.C.Shownconcernfor.D.Thoughtpoorlyof.答案B解析詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段畫線詞上文“Sharingbedtimestoriesandtalksafterschool,orwalkingthroughaneventthatleftayoungchildcrying—theseareallopportunitiesforparentsandchildrentobecomecloserthroughwarmth,understandingandsupport.”以及下文“thevalueofstorytellinginparenting”可推理出,畫線詞的含義為“重視”,故選B項(xiàng)。11.Howcanlifestorieshelpformacompleteviewofourselvesaccordingtothewriter?A.Bymaintainingsocialties.B.Byrebuildingouridentities.C.Byconnectingourpastandfuture.D.Bylearningfromfamilymembers.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,通過講述生活故事,我們可以建立起對(duì)自己的復(fù)雜而穩(wěn)定的看法。通過講述多年來保持的傳統(tǒng),我們可以將過去的成功和失敗、我們的關(guān)系以及對(duì)我們有意義的活動(dòng)聯(lián)系起來,從而發(fā)展出我們的新身份。這些身份反映了我們作為家庭成員、社區(qū)成員、同事等的角色,從而幫助我們更全面地看待自己。12.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Areviewonastorybook.B.Anadviceletterforsociallife.C.Aguidebooktoparenting.D.Anessayonthevalueofstorytelling.答案D解析推理判斷題。文章開篇指出講故事是理解日常生活和了解自我的重要工具,并通過Fivush教授的觀點(diǎn)以及家庭講故事的例子說明了講故事在生活中的重要性。然后文章介紹了家庭講故事對(duì)孩子的影響,包括學(xué)習(xí)如何表達(dá)自己的生活、了解什么是適當(dāng)?shù)脑掝}和情感表達(dá)等。接著文章提到了通過講故事來建立自己的身份認(rèn)同,并介紹了這種方式對(duì)個(gè)人認(rèn)知和情感發(fā)展的影響。最后文章總結(jié)了講故事對(duì)個(gè)人和周圍人的重要性,并提出了一個(gè)問題,引導(dǎo)讀者思考自己最近的經(jīng)歷中有什么突出的故事。可推理出,文章取自探討講故事的價(jià)值的文章,故選D項(xiàng)?？键c(diǎn)分類練(八)詞句猜測(cè)題(2)Passage1(2024江蘇南京、鹽城二模)主題:個(gè)人故事詞數(shù):316難度:★★★☆☆EmestOwusuwas13in1980whenhewasgiventheopportunitytoappearintheaudienceofaBBCshow,andaskThatcherhowshefeltaboutbeingcalledtheIronLady.Thisencounterre-emergedinaBBC’sprogrammerecently.Atthetimeoftheirmeeting,Owusuwasonfreeschoolmeals,livingonapublicestateinBrixton,southLondon,whereheandhissisterwerebeingraisedbytheirmotherRose,astrugglinghairdresser.Now57,Owusulooksremarkablysimilarevenwithagreyingbeard.Buthislifehasbeentransformed.Thefatherofthreeisahumanresourcesdirector,andthefirstblackcaptainoftheAddingtongolfclubinits110-yearhistory.Asablackguy,itisaboutbreakingtheglassceiling.Speakinginitsclubhouse,Owusudescribeshisriseinsocialstatus(地位)asa“ThatcheriteJourney”.Andhesaysitbeganbyaskingthewomanherself.“Tothisdayitstillhasanimpact.Myconfidencechangedfromthatsliding-doormoment.Somethingaboutherconnectedwithme.”

ThatchertoldOwususheenjoyedbeingcalledtheIronLady.“Ithinkit’sratherapraise,don’tyou?”shesaid,“becausesooftenpeoplehavesaidtome,‘ifyou’reinyourjobyou’vegottobesoftandwarmandhuman,butyou’vegottohaveatouchofsteel.’”O(jiān)wusurecallsthemoment,“Ijustrememberhereyecontact.Shewasansweringme,notthecamera.Shewelcomedthequestionsaying‘you’vegottobefirminthisworld’.Andthatstuckwithme.”Aftertheshowwasbroadcast,Owususaidhebecame“alittleheroinBrixtonforagoodthreemonths”.Owusuadded,“Itallgavemeextraconfidence.Doorsmightnothaveopenedsoquickly.Itwasoneofthosekeymomentstomakeyoudothingsmaybeyouwouldn’totherwisehavedone.”【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講的是EmestOwusu受到Thatcher夫人的影響,從而改變了自己的人生。1.WhatdoweknowaboutOwusuwhenhewas13?A.HemetwithThatchertwice.B.Hejoinedafamousgolfclub.C.HehostedaBBC’sprogramme.D.Helivedatthebottomofsociety.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,Owusu13歲時(shí)生活在社會(huì)的底層。2.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“sliding-doormoment”inparagraph3probablymean?A.Turningpoint.B.Importantdecision.C.Socialstatus.D.Remarkableachievement.答案A解析詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Tothisdayitstillhasanimpact.Myconfidencechanged”可知,從那一刻Owusu的信心改變了,說明那是一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn),sliding-doormoment的意思是“轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)”,和turningpoint意思相近。3.Basedonthetext,whatmadeabigdifferencetoOwusu?A.Others’treatinghimequallyatwork.B.Others’votinghimaheroinBrixton.C.Thatcher’seffortstopreservehisdignity.D.Thatcher’sfaithinthenecessityoftoughness.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Becausesooftenpeoplehavesaidtome‘ifyou’reinyourjobyou’vegottobesoftandwarmandhuman,butyou’vegottohaveatouchofsteel.’”和“Shewelcomedthequestionsaying‘you’vegottobefirminthisworld’.Andthatstuckwithme.”可知,Thatcher夫人堅(jiān)信強(qiáng)硬的必要性使Owusu發(fā)生了巨大的變化。4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheArtofDialogueB.ThePowerofConfidenceC.ALife-ChangingMeetingD.AStatus-ImprovingTale答案C解析主旨大意題。通讀全文,尤其是第三段中的“Speakinginitsclubhouse,Owusudescribeshisriseinsocialstatusasa‘ThatcheriteJourney’.Andhesaysitbeganbyaskingthewomanherself.‘Tothisdayitstillhasanimpact.Myconfidencechangedfromthatsliding-doormoment.Somethingaboutherconnectedwithme.’”可知,本文主要講的是EmestOwusu受到Thatcher夫人的影響,從而改變了自己的人生,因此最恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題是C選項(xiàng)“ALife-changingMeeting”。Passage2(2024廣東廣州一模)主題:研究發(fā)現(xiàn)詞數(shù):307難度:★★★☆☆Whenadulthumansmeetababy,manycan’thelpspeakinginahigher-pitched(更高音的),sing-songyvoice.Thisshift,knownasparentese,isnotuniquetohumans—ithasalsobeenobservedinanimalslikemonkeysandgorillas.Now,scientistsareaddingonemorespeciestothatlist:bottlenosedolphins.Dolphinsareintelligentanimalsthatliveandhuntingroups.Theycommunicateinauniqueway:everyindividualproducesitsownsignaturesoundthatactsmuchlikeanIDcard,usuallybyitsfirstbirthday.Buthowdoeseachcomeupwithitsdistinctivewhistle?Forbabies,itmighthavesomethingtodowithlisteningtoMum.Tosolvethismystery,researchersexaminedthesoundsmotherdolphinsmake.

Scientistsstudied34years’worthofrecordingsofsoundsmadeby19femalebottlenosedolphins.Whenthemotherdolphinswereneartheiryoung,theycontinuedtomaketheirsignaturesound,butatahigherfrequency.Theyalsousedawiderrangeoffrequenciesthantheydidwhentheirbabieswerenotnearby.Thisdiscoverysuggeststhatusingthesemodificationsmotherdolphinsassisttheiryounginlearninghowtoproducethesecallsthemselves.Sincedolphinbabiesoftenspendsomeyearswiththeirmothersbeforelivingontheirown,itmakessensethatthisadaptationwouldhelpthemlearntocommunicate.Attheveryleast,thehigher-pitchedwhistlelikelygetsthebabies’attention.“It’simportantforababytoknow,‘Oh,Mum’stalkingtomenow,’”saysmarinebiologistJuneMann.Thiskindofresearchcouldhelpusunderstandhowlanguagedevelopedinhumans.“Itisabsolutelyessentialtohavebasicknowledgeaboutotherspeciesandhowtheycommunicate,”saysMann.“Iwouldbereallyinterestedtoseewhetherdolphinsalsochangetheirsoundswheninteractingwithbabiesofothers,whichiswhathappensinhumans.”【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了海豚媽媽通過教授幼崽使用獨(dú)特的聲音來教會(huì)幼崽說話。文章解釋了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及研究的意義。5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thismystery”refertoinparagraph2?A.Whydolphinsliveandplayingroups.B.Howdolphinsdeveloptheiruniquesounds.C.Whataspectsofintelligencedolphinspossess.D.Whetherdolphinscanuseparenteselikehumans.答案B解析詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“Buthowdoeseachcomeupwithitsdistinctivewhistle?Forbabies,itmighthavesomethingtodowithlisteningtoMum.”以及下文“researchersexaminedthesoundsmotherdolphinsmake”可知,海豚發(fā)出獨(dú)特的聲音與聽到海豚媽媽的聲音有關(guān),所以為了解開“海豚如何發(fā)出獨(dú)特的聲音”這個(gè)謎團(tuán),研究人員檢查了海豚媽媽發(fā)出的聲音。故畫線詞指的是“海豚如何發(fā)出獨(dú)特的聲音”。6.Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheirstudyofdolphins?A.Byanalyzingmotherdolphins’soundfeatures.B.Byrecordingparent-childinteractionfrequency.C.Bymeasuringthedistancebetweenparentandchild.D.Byexaminingthespeechorgansofmotherdolphins.答案A解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Scientistsstudied34years’worthofrecordingsofsoundsmadeby19femalebottlenosedolphins.”可知,研究人員通過分析雌性海豚的聲音特征對(duì)海豚進(jìn)行研究。7.Whatisasuggestedreasonwhydolphinmothersuseparentesewiththeiryoung?A.Tohelpthemlearntotalk.B.Toteachthemhuntingskills.C.Toexpressworryandcare.D.Todistracttheirattention.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Thisdiscoverysuggeststhatusingthesemodificationsmotherdolphinsassisttheiryounginlearninghowtoproducethesecallsthemselves.”可知,海豚媽媽對(duì)幼崽使用父母語的原因是幫助它們學(xué)會(huì)說話。8.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Tocomparetheparenteseofhumansanddolphins.B.Toillustratethedevelopmentofdolphinintelligence.C.Tosharenewfindingsaboutdolphincommunication.D.Tohighlightthevalueofstudyingdolphins’language.答案C解析推理判斷題。文章主要說明了海豚媽媽通過教授幼崽使用獨(dú)特的聲音來教會(huì)幼崽說話并解釋了研究開展的經(jīng)過以及研究的意義,由此可知,文章的目的是分享有關(guān)海豚交流的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。Passage3(2024江西鷹潭一模)主題:黃河數(shù)字孿生體詞數(shù):386難度:★★★☆☆TheYellowRiveristhecradle(搖籃)ofChina’scivilization.Andfloodcontrolandpreventionhavealwaysbeenkeytothewell-beingofthepeoplelivingalongit.Now,scientistscanbetterworkontheseissuesbygivingtheriveradigitaltwin.ThedigitaltwinoftheYellowRiverusesvarioustechnologies,includingbigdata,artificialintelligence,andtheinternetofthings.Devicessetupalongtherivercollectandtransmitinformationtothecommandcenter.Basedontheinformation,a3Dmodeloftheriverispresentedonthecomputerscreen.It’sliketheYellowRiverhasatwinthatreflectsitsrealconditions.Onebigbreakthroughintheriver’sdigitalgovernance(治理)is“smartstones”.AccordingtoWangQin,aleadresearcherattheInformationCenterofYellowRiverHenanBureau,asmartstoneisawater-proofstone-shapeddevicewithchips,abattery,andasignaltransmitter.Theyareburiedinimportantdike(堤壩)locationstorecordandreportthemovementofdikestones.“Uponfeelingmovementofthedikestones,thesmartstonesendsanalarmtothecommandcenterforquickresponse,”Wangsaid.“Inthepast,researchershadtolearntheconditionsofthedikeonthespotbythemselves,puttingtheirlivesatrisk,”saidZhaoXiaoxiongfromthebureau.“Nowthesmartstonescandothisforus,moresafely,quickly,andaccurately.”Andinthesky,drones(無人機(jī))areflying.Ontheroutesdesignedbyengineers,thedronesbecomeexpertpatrollersoftheriver,lookingatitsdikesandfloodpreventionprojects.AccordingtoShenLinfromtheYellowRiverConservancyCommission,thankstothedrones,researchersatthecommandcentercangetfirst-handphotosandinformation.“Researchersthenupdatethe3Dmodelaccordingtothechangesthedronesreported.Thenewlyupdatedmodelhelpsustestourfloodwaterreleaseplansincaseweeverneedtobattendownthehatches,”saidShen.

Underthewaterandupinthesky,intelligentsystemsarehelpingtoprotecttheYellowRiverBasinonallfronts.AccordingtotheMinistryofWaterResources,inthefuture,wecanexpecttoseetheconstructionofanevenmorecomprehensivedigitalsystemforthisimportantriver.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了黃河數(shù)字孿生體的創(chuàng)建目的、運(yùn)行方式和發(fā)展。9.WhatisthemainpurposeofcreatingadigitaltwinoftheYellowRiver?A.Toconducthistoricalresearch.B.Toraisepublicawarenessofriverprotection.C.Toimprovefloodcontrolandpreventionefforts.D.Tocreateavirtualtouristattraction.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Andfloodcontrolandpreventionhavealwaysbeenkeytothewell-beingofthepeoplelivingalongit.Now,scientistscanbetterworkontheseissuesbygivingtheriveradigitaltwin.”可知,創(chuàng)建黃河數(shù)字孿生體的主要目的是加強(qiáng)防洪工作。10.Howdothesmartstonescontributetotheriver’sdigitalgovernance?A.Theyrecordwaterquality.B.Theyserveasmarkersforimportantlocations.C.Theyenhancetheriver’sbeauty.D.Theymonitorandreportdikemovements.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theyareburiedinimportantdikelocationstorecordandreportthemovementofdikestones.”可知,智能石頭通過監(jiān)測(cè)和報(bào)告堤壩的運(yùn)動(dòng)來為河流的數(shù)字化治理做出貢獻(xiàn)。11.WhatisoneofthefunctionsofdronesinthedigitalgovernanceoftheYellowRiver?A.Entertainingtourists.B.Collectinginformationondikeconditions.C.Patrollingandtakingwildlifephotos.D.Givingwarningofcomingfloods.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Ontheroutesdesignedbyengineers,thedronesbecomeexpertpatrollersoftheriver,lookingatitsdikesandfloodpreventionprojects.”可知,無人機(jī)在黃河數(shù)字化治理中的作用之一是收集堤防狀況信息。12.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“battendownthehatches”inthefourthparagraphmean?A.Preparefordifficulttimes.B.Foreseethefuture.C.Workhardtoachieveone’sgoals.D.Overcomechallenges.答案A解析詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“AccordingtoShenLinfromtheYellowRiverConservancyCommission,thankstothedrones,researchersatthecommandcentercangetfirst-handphotosandinformation.‘Researchersthenupdatethe3Dmodelaccordingtothechangesthedronesreported.Thenewlyupdatedmodelhelpsustestourfloodwaterreleaseplansincaseweeverneedtobattendownthehatches,’saidShen.”可知,使用無人機(jī)可以獲得黃河水利情況的第一手資料,研究人員可以根據(jù)無人機(jī)發(fā)回的資料實(shí)時(shí)更新3D模型,這樣做可以提早預(yù)防洪澇等緊急情況,以便做出快速回應(yīng)。故推知battendownthehatches應(yīng)表示“做好準(zhǔn)備,未雨綢繆”之意,與A項(xiàng)“Preparefordifficulttimes.”同義?？键c(diǎn)分類練(九)詞句猜測(cè)題(3)Passage1(2024山東德州一模)主題:英文句子詞數(shù):372難度:★★☆☆☆ThinkyouhaveagoodgraspofEnglish?Good.Readthesixsentencesbelow,then.Sentence1:Theoldmantheboat.Sentence2:ThecottonclothingismadeofgrowsinMississippi.Sentence3:Timeflieslikeanarrow;fruitflieslikeabanana.Sentence4:Fatpeopleeatcollects.Sentence5:Themanwhohuntsducksoutonweekends.Sentence6:Thecomplexhousesmarriedandsinglesoldiersandtheirfamilies.Linguists(語言學(xué)家)callthese“gardenpathsentences”,whichtakeyoubythehandandleadyoudownawindingpathtoadeadend.Despitethis,they’reallgrammaticallycorrect.Let’sseewhy.Sentence1:Theoldmantheboat.BesidessoundinglikearejectedHemingwaytitle,thissentenceisindeedgrammaticallycorrectthankstosomewell-placedhomonyms—wordsthatsharethesamespellingsbuthavedifferentmeanings.Homonym1hereis“old”,usedasanoun,meaning“oldpeople”;homonym2is“man”,usedasaverb,meaning“toservein/on”.Withthatinmind,thesentencemeans“Theoldpeopleserveontheboat.”Sentence2:ThecottonclothingismadeofgrowsinMississippi.Atfirstread,you’dthink“ismadeof”isthemainverbofthissentence.Butit’snot.Thesimplestformofthissentenceis“ThecottongrowsinMississippi”;confusingly,“clothingismadeof”isusedtotelluswhatcottonwe’retalkingabout.Thissentencewouldmakewaymoresenseifwritten“ThecottonthatclothingismadeofgrowsinMississippi”,butEnglishallowsustoremovecertainconjunctionslike“that”,withitsmeaningmaintained.Sentence3:Timeflieslikeanarrow;fruitflieslikeabanana.Thefirsthalfofthissentenceiseasytocatch.Sowhendealingwiththeotherhalf,peopleusuallyfollowthestructureofthefirsthalf,andit’dbeunderstoodas“fruitsflylikebananas”.Thisisobviouslyunreasonable.Onlywhenpeoplerethinkcantheyrecognizethetruemeaningofthesentence.Therefore,suchsentencesmanagetomakepeopleignorethestructureofthesentenceitself,thusdepartingfromitsoriginalmeaning.Comeon!Takeawalkdownthegardenpathwiththerestofthesentences.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了對(duì)特殊的英文句子的理解。1.What’sthecharacteristicof“gardenpathsentences”accordingtolinguists?A.Misleadingbuterror-free.B.Accurateandplain.C.Improperly-wordedandmeaningless.D.Ungrammaticalbutcomprehensible.答案A解析推理判斷題。由文章第八段“Linguistscallthese‘gardenpathsentences’,whichtakeyoubythehandandleadyoudownawindingpathtoadeadend.Despitethis,they’reallgrammaticallycorrect.Let’sseewhy.”可知,這些句子的特點(diǎn)是誤導(dǎo)但沒有錯(cuò)誤。2.Whichwordisanexamplesimilartothehomonymof“man”insentence1?A.“grows”insentence2.B.“eat”insentence4.C.“hunts”insentence5.D.“houses”insentence6.答案D解析推理判斷題。由文章第一個(gè)標(biāo)題“Sentence1:Theoldmantheboat.”下的“Homonym1hereis‘old’,usedasanoun,meaning‘oldpeople’;homonym2is‘man’,usedasaverb,meaning‘toservein/on’.”和第七段“Sentence6:Thecomplexhousesmarriedandsinglesoldiersandtheirfamilies.”可知,第6句中的“houses”可以是名詞“房子”,本句中用作動(dòng)詞“給(某人)提供住處”與第1句中“man”都是具有名詞詞性,在句子中用作動(dòng)詞。3.Whichofthefollowingcorrectlyinterprets“fruitflieslikeabanana”insentence3?A.“fruitflies”referstoasortofinsect.B.“flies”servesastheverbofthesentence.C.“flieslike”explainswhatfruitistalkedabout.D.“l(fā)ike”hasthesamemeaningasthe“l(fā)ike”beforeit.答案A解析詞句猜測(cè)題。由文章第三個(gè)標(biāo)題“Sentence3:Timeflieslikeanarrow;fruitflieslikeabanana.”下的內(nèi)容可知,句子應(yīng)該理解為“fruitflies”為句子主語,意為“果蠅”,指的是一種昆蟲;謂語是“l(fā)ike”意為“喜歡”;賓語是“abanana”,意為“香蕉”。4.Whatcanbethetroublemakerinsentence4?A.Theill-placedverbs.B.Theremovalof“that”.C.Thegrammarmistakes.D.Thelackofnounbehind“collects”.答案B解析推理判斷題。由文章第五段中“Sentence4:Fatpeopleeatcollects.”可知,people前省略了that,thatpeopleeat為定語從句,修飾先行詞Fat,“Fat”此處作名詞,意為“脂肪;肥肉”,所以“that”的省略導(dǎo)致句子不好理解。Passage2(2024貴州貴陽一模)主題:蜜蜂詞數(shù):303難度:★★★☆☆Beesaremorethanjusthoney-makers.Theyareessentialpollinators(傳粉者)thathelpmaintainthebalanceofourecosystemsandthediversityofourcrops.BeesareamongthemostdiverseandplentifulinsectsonEarth,withover20,000speciesworldwide.TheybelongtotheorderHymenoptera(膜翅目昆蟲),whichalsoincludeswasps,ants,andsawflies.Beeshaveevolvedtofeedonnectar(花蜜)andpollenfromflowers,andindoingso,theytransferpollenfromoneflowertoanother,enablingfertilization(受精)andreproduction.Thisprocess,calledpollination,isessentialforthesurvivalofmanyplants,especiallythosethatproducefruits,nuts,seeds,andvegetablesthatweeat.AccordingtotheFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO),beesandotherpollinatorsaffect35%ofglobalagriculturalland,supportingtheproductionof87%oftheleadingfoodcropsworldwide.Pollinationalsoenhancesthequalityandquantityofthecrops,aswellastheirresistancetopestsanddiseases.Withoutbeesandotherpollinators,ourfoodsupplyandourbiodiversitywouldbeatrisk.Unfortunately,beesarefacingmanythreats,suchashabitatloss,pesticideuse,climatechange,diseases,andinvasivespecies.TheFAOestimatesthat16.5%ofvertebrate(脊椎動(dòng)物)pollinatorsand40%ofinvertebratepollinators,suchasbees,arefacingextinction.Thiscouldhave