山東省青島市即墨區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末考試英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山東省青島市即墨區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末考試英語試題第I卷(共95分)第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ANorthVancouverSummerCampsPearTreeEducationhasbecomeoneofVancouver’smostpopulareducationalsummercampcompanies,becauseofboththequalityandwiderangeofourcourses.Ourcourseswillattractyourchildren’sattentiontonewandchallengingactivities,includingcooking,sports,musicanddance,drama,publicspeaking,technology,artandacademics.ProgramsofferedPearTreeEducationisofferingsummercampstoboysandgirlsaged7—9inNorthVancouver.WehavesummercampsatourNorthVancouverlocationforabout7weeks(startingon2ndJuly),aswellassummercampsinKitsilano,Burnaby,EastVan,Steveston,andWhiteRock.Individualsummercampslast1week.NotesCampsarefrom9a.m.—3p.m.,withoptionstoextendthesetimesusingouroptionalpre-campand/orafter-campsupervision(照看)services.GuidedbyexperiencedNorthVancouverschoolteachers,oursummercampsofferexceptionallevelsofsafety,enjoymentandeducation.PricesTheregularpriceforeachchildis$100perweek.Bybooking4weeksormoreofourVancouversummercamps,youcouldsaveupto20%offourregularprice.We’reconfidentyouwon’tfindabettervalue-for-moneyVancouversummercamp!AdditionaloptionsPre-campSupervisionPre-camp&After-campSupervisionAfter-campSupervision8a.m.—9a.m.8a.m.—5p.m.,includingasmallsnack3p.m.—5p.m.,includingasmallsnackandadrink+$15perday+$30perday+$25perday1.Whatdoweknowaboutthesummercamps?A.TheycometoanendinSeptember. B.Theyofferawiderangeofactivities.C.Theyprovidefreesupervisionservices. D.Theyareonlyavailableatonelocation.2.WhoarePearTreeEducation’ssummercampstargetedat?A.Youngkids. B.Experiencedparents.C.Universitystudents. D.Highschoolteachers.3.What’stheregularpriceforafive-weeksummercamp?A.$80. B.$100. C.$400. D.$500.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了北溫哥華夏令營(yíng)的情況。【1題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Ourcourseswillattractyourchildren’sattentiontonewandchallengingactivities,includingcooking,sports,musicanddance,drama,publicspeaking,technology,artandacademics.(我們的課程將吸引您的孩子的注意力，新的和具有挑戰(zhàn)性的活動(dòng)，包括烹飪，體育，音樂和舞蹈，戲劇，公眾演講，技術(shù)，藝術(shù)和學(xué)術(shù))”可知，夏令營(yíng)提供各種各樣的活動(dòng)。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“PearTreeEducationisofferingsummercampstoboysandgirlsaged7—9inNorthVancouver.(梨樹教育在北溫哥華為7到9歲的男孩和女孩提供夏令營(yíng))”可知，夏令營(yíng)針對(duì)的是小孩子。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Prices中“Theregularpriceforeachchildis$100perweek.Bybooking4weeksormoreofourVancouversummercamps,youcouldsaveupto20%offourregularprice.(每個(gè)孩子的正常價(jià)格是每周100美元。如果您預(yù)訂為期4周或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的溫哥華夏令營(yíng)，您可以在常規(guī)價(jià)格的基礎(chǔ)上節(jié)省20%)”可知，一個(gè)為期五周的夏令營(yíng)的正常價(jià)格是100×5×（1-20%）=400美元。故選C。BAwhalesharkunderthewavescaughtinarayofsunlight,asnowleopard(豹)movingforwardwithitseyeslockedonyours–theseimagescouldeasilybemistakenforphotographs,butinfacttheywerecapturedbyapaintbrush.BritishartistSophieGreenoftencreatespaintingsofendangeredanimalspecies.Withafollowingofover115,000onasocialplatform,she’snotdoingsobadly.Lastyear,oneofGreen’sworkswasauctioned(拍賣)attheRoyalGeographicalSocietyinLondon.Itwasapaintingofachimp(黑猩猩),calledWounda,whichhadbeenrescuedfromanillegaltradebytheJaneGoodallInstituteintheRepublicofCongo.WhenWoundaarrivedattheinstitute,shewasindesperateneedofmedicalattention,butsincereceivingtreatment,shehasmadeafullrecoveryandnowlivesinanislandreserve.ProfitsfromallGreen’sartworksgoestowardsfundingarangeofprojects,fromsharkandturtleresearchtoconservationforAfricanlandmammals.Asachild,Greenwasdiagnosed(診斷)withselective-mutism—aformofanxiety,meaningshewouldn’tspeakinclassortoherteachers.Consequently,shebathedherselfinnature.Greenbelievedpaintingcanbemoreeffectivethanphotography,becauseitaffordsmorecontroloverthecomposition.“Ifyouwanttheanimaltobelookingdirectlyintoyoureyes,thenyoucandothat,”shesaid.Green’sprocessdiffersfrompiecetopiece.Sheoftenfindsimagesforinspirationeverywhere,sometimesusingphotographscapturedbyherselforherfriends,andsometimessurfingtheInternettofindimagesofthecreatureshewantstopaint.Often,thefinalpiececomesfromacombinationofseveralimages.Hergoalistoencourageactionfrompeoplewhoviewtheartwork.“Ifyou’velookedintotheanimal’seyes,Ithinkit’smuchhardertoforgetthatthere’ssomuchgoingonintheworldrightnowandsomanyanimalsthatneedourhelp,”Greensaid.4.Whatdoestheauthorstartthetextwith?A.Photographsofanimals.B.ExcellenceofGreen’sworks.C.LimitationsofGreen’sworks.D.Impactsofanimal-focusedpaintings.5.WhyisGreen’spaintingaboutarescuedchimpmentioned?A.Tostressherenvironmentalawareness.B.Todisplaythemainthemeofherworks.C.Toencouragepeopletosupporttheauction.D.Toshowhercontributiontoprotectinganimals.6.WhatdoweknowaboutGreen’sart-makingprocess?A.Sheoftenturnstoothersforhelp.B.Shemainlyreliesononlineinformation.C.Sheobservesrealanimalstogetinspiration.D.Shecombinesdifferentimagesintoherwork.7.WhatdoesGreenmeaninthelastparagraph?A.Criticizingpeopleforignoringtheendangeredanimals.B.Emphasizingtheimportanceofeyecontactwithanimals.C.Highlightingtheemotionalimpactoftheworkonviewers.D.Showingherpaintingsaremorerealisticthanphotographs.【答案】4.B5.D6.D7.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。英國藝術(shù)家SophieGreen擅長(zhǎng)繪制瀕危動(dòng)物畫作，其逼真的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格吸引超過11.5萬社交媒體粉絲。她通過拍賣作品為動(dòng)物保護(hù)籌集資金，旨在喚起公眾對(duì)瀕危物種的關(guān)注與行動(dòng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Awhalesharkunderthewavescaughtinarayofsunlight,asnowleopard(豹)movingforwardwithitseyeslockedonyours–theseimagescouldeasilybemistakenforphotographs,butinfacttheywerecapturedbyapaintbrush.(一條鯨鯊在海浪下被陽光捕捉到，一只雪豹正向前移動(dòng)，眼睛緊盯著你——這些圖像很容易被誤認(rèn)為是照片，但事實(shí)上它們是用畫筆拍攝的。)”可知，作者開篇描述了陽光照射下海浪中的鯨鯊、眼神鎖定你的雪豹等畫面，這些畫面極易被誤認(rèn)為是照片，但實(shí)際上是由畫筆繪制的，通過這些描述展現(xiàn)了SophieGreen作品的精湛，讓人誤以為是照片。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Lastyear,oneofGreen’sworkswasauctioned(拍賣)attheRoyalGeographicalSocietyinLondon.Itwasapaintingofachimp(黑猩猩),calledWounda,whichhadbeenrescuedfromaillegaltradebytheJaneGoodallInstituteintheRepublicofCongo.(去年，Green的一件作品在倫敦皇家地理學(xué)會(huì)拍賣。這是一幅名為Wounda的黑猩猩的畫，它是由剛果共和國的珍·古道爾研究所從非法貿(mào)易中救出的。)”和第四段“ProfitsfromallGreen’sartworksgoestowardsfundingarangeofprojects,fromsharkandturtleresearchtoconservationforAfricanlandmammals.(Green所有藝術(shù)品的利潤(rùn)都用于資助一系列項(xiàng)目，從鯊魚和海龜研究到非洲陸地哺乳動(dòng)物的保護(hù)。)”可知，Green畫的這只獲救的黑猩猩作品被拍賣，且她所有作品的收益都用于資助一系列保護(hù)動(dòng)物的項(xiàng)目，所以提到這幅畫是為了展示她對(duì)保護(hù)動(dòng)物所做出的貢獻(xiàn)。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段“Green’sprocessdiffersfrompiecetopiece.Sheoftenfindsimagesforinspirationeverywhere,sometimesusingphotographscapturedbyherselforherfriends,andsometimessurfingtheInternettofindimagesofthecreatureshewantstopaint.Often,thefinalpiececomesfromacombinationofseveralimages.(Green的工藝各不相同。她經(jīng)常在任何地方找到靈感的圖像，有時(shí)使用自己或朋友拍攝的照片，有時(shí)上網(wǎng)尋找她想畫的生物的圖像。通常，最終的作品來自幾幅圖像的組合。)”可知，Green的創(chuàng)作過程因作品而異，她會(huì)將不同的圖像融入到她的作品中。故選D。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Hergoalistoencourageactionfrompeoplewhoviewtheartwork.“Ifyou’velookedintotheanimal’seyes,Ithinkit’smuchhardertoforgetthatthere’ssomuchgoingonintheworldrightnowandsomanyanimalsthatneedourhelp,”Greensaid.(她的目標(biāo)是鼓勵(lì)觀看藝術(shù)品的人采取行動(dòng)。Green說：“如果你看著動(dòng)物的眼睛，我認(rèn)為很難忘記現(xiàn)在世界上發(fā)生了很多事情，有很多動(dòng)物需要我們的幫助?！?。)”可知，通過觀看動(dòng)物的眼睛，觀眾可以感受到作品背后的情感，并意識(shí)到世界上的動(dòng)物需要幫助，這強(qiáng)調(diào)了她的作品對(duì)觀眾的情感影響，讓觀眾更能感受到保護(hù)動(dòng)物的緊迫性，從而采取行動(dòng)。故選C。CItwasaTuesdaynight.Inmyapartment,Iwasdoingthreethingsatonce–packingforatrip,tryingtogetdinneronthetableandtakingturnswithmyhusbandtocalmacryingbaby.Behindme,oneworkmessageafteranotherpoppeduponmycomputerscreen.Iignoredthemall.Duringdinner,atextappearedonmyphone:“Whereareu???”askedmycolleague.Ididn’treplytothetext.Thiswasn’tthefirsttimeI’dignoredadigitalsummons(召喚).Ididn’tmeantobedisrespectful,butIwasalsoawareofwhatIwantedmysilencetocommunicate:Thisisnotapriorityformenow.Forthosewhowanttobepolite,text-baseddigitalcommunicationscanbeextremelydemanding.Ignoringatextmessageoranemailfeelsrude,butshouldit?CalNewport,theauthorofAWorldWithoutEmail:ReimaginingWorkinanAgeofCommunicationOverload,hasarguedinhisbookthattheetiquette(禮節(jié))ofdigitalcommunicationsisandshouldbedifferentfromthatofin-personorphoneconversation,especiallywhenitcomestothebackandforthofhellos,goodbyesandotherpleasantries(打趣話).“Inanin-personconversationitcanfeelrudenottofinalizeanexchange,”heexplained.“Butinthecontextofdigitalcommunication,thesenderoftenprefersavoidingthereceiptofadditionalmessageswhenpossible.”Besides,inanerawhenweunderstandmoreandmoretheimportanceofrestandtimeawayfromscreens,itisessentialtoprioritizeourpeaceofmindandrelationshipswiththepeopleinourlives:whenwe’reonvacation;whenit’safter7pm;whenwe’reatthedinnertable.It’salsoworthaskingyourselfwhopressuresyouforimmediatereplies.Perhapsit’snotthemessagesender,butyou.Arecentstudyfoundthatwetendtooverestimateourcolleagues’expectationsfornon-urgentworkemailsoutsideofworkhours.Soinsteadofcriticizingyourselffornotrespondingrightaway,considerslowingdownandgivingyourselfabreak.8.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutignoringtheworkmessageduringfamilytime?A.Guilty. B.Justified. C.Indifferent. D.Disrespectful.9.HowdoesCalNewportviewtheetiquetteofdigitalcommunicationcomparedtothatofin-personconversation?A.Itshouldbethesame. B.Itshouldbeabandoned.C.Itshouldbemoreformal. D.Itshouldbelessdemanding.10.Whatshouldwedoaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Remembertoputourfamilyinthefirstplace.B.Findagoodwaytobalanceourworkandlife.C.Realizetheurgencyandimportanceofourwork.D.Avoidpushingourselvestorespondtomessages.11.Whichofthefollowingquestionscanbeansweredinthetext?A.Isitalwaysrudetoignoredigitalcommunications?B.Doespolitenessmatteralotindigitalcommunications?C.Whyshouldwedependlessondigitalcommunications?D.Howcanweexpressourselvesindigitalcommunications?【答案】8.B9.D10.D11.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。本文講述了作者在一個(gè)忙碌的夜晚選擇忽略工作消息，以及對(duì)此行為的看法，同時(shí)提到了數(shù)字通信禮儀與面對(duì)面交流禮儀的差異，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了休息和遠(yuǎn)離屏幕的重要性?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Ididn’treplytothetext.Thiswasn’tthefirsttimeI’dignoredadigitalsummons(召喚).Ididn’tmeantobedisrespectful,butIwasalsoawareofwhatIwantedmysilencetocommunicate:Thisisnotapriorityformenow.(我沒有回復(fù)短信。這不是我第一次無視電子召喚。我并不是有意失禮，但我也意識(shí)到我想用我的沉默傳達(dá)什么：這不是我現(xiàn)在的首要任務(wù))”可知，作者認(rèn)為在家庭時(shí)間忽略工作信息是合理的。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“CalNewport,theauthorofAWorldWithoutEmail:ReimaginingWorkinanAgeofCommunicationOverload,hasarguedinhisbookthattheetiquette(禮節(jié))ofdigitalcommunicationsisandshouldbedifferentfromthatofin-personorphoneconversation,especiallywhenitcomestothebackandforthofhellos,goodbyesandotherpleasantries(打趣話).“Inanin-personconversationitcanfeelrudenottofinalizeanexchange,”heexplained.“Butinthecontextofdigitalcommunication,thesenderoftenprefersavoidingthereceiptofadditionalmessageswhenpossible.”(《沒有電子郵件的世界：在溝通超載的時(shí)代重塑工作》一書的作者卡爾·紐波特在他的書中指出，數(shù)字通信的禮儀是，也應(yīng)該不同于面對(duì)面或電話交談，尤其是在來回打招呼、道別和其他寒暄時(shí)。他解釋說：“在面對(duì)面的交談中，不完成交流會(huì)讓人覺得不禮貌。但在數(shù)字通信的背景下，發(fā)送者往往希望盡可能避免收到額外的信息?！?”可知，與面對(duì)面的交談相比，卡爾·紐波特認(rèn)為數(shù)字通信的禮儀不應(yīng)該那么苛刻。故選D?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“It’salsoworthaskingyourselfwhopressuresyouforimmediatereplies.Perhapsit’snotthemessagesender,butyou.Arecentstudyfoundthatwetendtooverestimateourcolleagues’expectationsfornon-urgentworkemailsoutsideofworkhours.Soinsteadofcriticizingyourselffornotrespondingrightaway,considerslowingdownandgivingyourselfabreak.(你也應(yīng)該問問自己，是誰迫使你立即回復(fù)。也許不是信息發(fā)送者的問題，而是你的問題。最近的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們往往高估了同事在工作時(shí)間之外收到非緊急工作郵件的期望。所以，與其批評(píng)自己沒有立即做出反應(yīng)，不如考慮慢下來，讓自己休息一下)”可知，我們應(yīng)該避免強(qiáng)迫自己回復(fù)信息。故選D?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Forthosewhowanttobepolite,text-baseddigitalcommunicationscanbeextremelydemanding.Ignoringatextmessageoranemailfeelsrude,butshouldit?(對(duì)于那些想要禮貌的人來說，基于文本的數(shù)字通信可能是非常苛刻的。忽略短信或電子郵件會(huì)讓人覺得很粗魯，但真是這樣嗎？)”結(jié)合本文講述了作者在一個(gè)忙碌的夜晚選擇忽略工作消息，以及對(duì)此行為的看法，同時(shí)提到了數(shù)字通信禮儀與面對(duì)面交流禮儀的差異，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了休息和遠(yuǎn)離屏幕的重要性。可知，A選項(xiàng)“忽視數(shù)字通信總是不禮貌的嗎？”的問題可以在文中找到答案。故選A。DRammedearth(夯土)partsoftheGreatWallhavebeenregardedasaweakpointinitsstructure.Buttheydevelopedanaturallineofdefenseagainsttheapproachingriskofworsening,anewstudyhasfound.ThesoilsurfacesontheGreatWallarecoveredbya“l(fā)ivingskin”oftiny,rootlessplantsandmicroorganismsknownasbiocruststhatareasourceoftheheritagesite’sstayingpower,accordingtosoilecologistMatthewBowker,coauthorofthestudypublishedinthejournalScienceAdvances.Examiningsamplestakenfromover483kilometersacrosseightrammedearthsectionsofthesitebuiltbetween1368and1644,thestudyauthorsfoundthatmorethantwo-thirdsoftheareaiscoveredinbiocrusts.Andtheresearchersdiscoveredthatsampleswithbiocrustswerethreetimesasstrongasthosewithout.Thesecretions(分泌物)andstructurallayersofbiocrustsforma“stickynetwork”ofsoilparticlesthatpromotestrengthandstabilityagainstnegativeforcesthreateningtheGreatWall.Mostofthecommunitiesthatmakeupabiocruststartfromasingleorganismthatgrowsandmakestheenvironmentsitgrowswithinsuitableforothers.Althoughthey’restilleasilyaffectedbyclimatechange,theseconstantly-evolvingorganismsareexpectedtouseinternalmechanismstoadapttofutureextremes,saidEmmanuelSalifu,anassistantprofessoratArizonaStateUniversity.“Evenifwesaidwarmertemperatures,they’resuitedtoperforminginthoseconditions,”hesaid.“Weassumethey’llbebetterabletosurviveifweengineertheirgrowthatscale.”Salifuseesthenewstudyasevidenceofthepotentialadvantagesofengineeringbiocrustsfortheconservationofearthenheritagesites.Beyonditsstatusasatouristdestination,theGreatWallhasgreatculturalsignificance,whichiswhythebiocrustspreservingitaresoimportant,saidstudycoauthorBoXiao,aprofessorfromChinaAgriculturalUniversity.12.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“anaturallineofdefense”inparagraph1referto?A.Theprotectiveroleofbiocrusts. B.Thedeepresearchintobiocrusts.C.TheculturalvalueoftheGreatWall. D.ThepoorprotectionoftheGreatWall.13.Howdidtheresearchersconfirmthebeneficialeffectsofbiocrusts?A.Byreferringtopreviousstudies. B.Bymeasuringthescaleofbiocrusts.C.Bycomparingthecollectedsamples. D.Byanalyzingthesecretionsofbiocrusts.14.WhatisimpliedinEmmanuelSalifu’swords?A.Thebrightfutureofplantengineering.B.Internationalrecognitionofthecurrentstudy.C.Thegrowingseriousnessofglobalclimatechange.D.Possibilitiesforapplyingbiotechnologytobiocrusts.15.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.A“l(fā)ivingskin”isprotectingtheGreatWallB.A“l(fā)ivingskin”isformingontheGreatWallC.BiocrustsplayakeyroleinscientificstudiesD.Biocrustsshowtheirpowerfulabilitytosurvive【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了夯土建造的長(zhǎng)城部分一直被認(rèn)為是結(jié)構(gòu)上的弱點(diǎn)，但最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)它們具有一種天然的防御機(jī)制——生物外殼，這種由微小無根植物和微生物組成的“活皮膚”能夠增強(qiáng)長(zhǎng)城夯土部分的強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定性，對(duì)抗威脅長(zhǎng)城的負(fù)面力量?！?2題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“againsttheapproachingriskofworsening(抵御即將到來的惡化風(fēng)險(xiǎn))”以及第二段“ThesoilsurfacesontheGreatWallarecoveredbya“l(fā)ivingskin”oftiny,rootlessplantsandmicroorganismsknownasbiocruststhatareasourceoftheheritagesite’sstayingpower,accordingtosoilecologistMatthewBowker,coauthorofthestudypublishedinthejournalScienceAdvances.(《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》雜志上發(fā)表的這項(xiàng)研究的合著者、土壤生態(tài)學(xué)家MatthewBowker表示，長(zhǎng)城的土壤表面覆蓋著一層由微小的、無根的植物和微生物組成的“活皮膚”，這些植物和微生物被稱為生物外殼，是長(zhǎng)城遺產(chǎn)持久力的來源)”可知，夯土長(zhǎng)城形成了一種天然的保護(hù)，可以抵御即將到來的惡化風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故劃線的“天然防線”指的是生物外殼的保護(hù)作用。故選A。【13題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Examiningsamplestakenfromover483kilometersacrosseightrammedearthsectionsofthesitebuiltbetween1368and1644,thestudyauthorsfoundthatmorethantwo-thirdsoftheareaiscoveredinbiocrusts.Andtheresearchersdiscoveredthatsampleswithbiocrustswerethreetimesasstrongasthosewithout.(研究人員檢查了從1368年至1644年之間建造的遺址的8個(gè)夯土部分的483公里處采集的樣本，發(fā)現(xiàn)該地區(qū)超過三分之二的地區(qū)被生物外殼覆蓋。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，有生物外殼的樣品的強(qiáng)度是沒有生物外殼的樣品的三倍)”可知，研究人員通過比較收集的樣本證實(shí)生物結(jié)殼的有益作用。故選C?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Althoughthey’restilleasilyaffectedbyclimatechange,theseconstantly-evolvingorganismsareexpectedtouseinternalmechanismstoadapttofutureextremes,saidEmmanuelSalifu,anassistantprofessoratArizonaStateUniversity.“Evenifwesaidwarmertemperatures,they’resuitedtoperforminginthoseconditions,”hesaid.“Weassumethey’llbebetterabletosurviveifweengineertheirgrowthatscale.”Salifuseesthenewstudyasevidenceofthepotentialadvantagesofengineeringbiocrustsfortheconservationofearthenheritagesites.(亞利桑那州立大學(xué)助理教授EmmanuelSalifu說，盡管它們?nèi)匀缓苋菀资艿綒夂蜃兓挠绊懀@些不斷進(jìn)化的生物有望利用內(nèi)部機(jī)制來適應(yīng)未來的極端情況。“即使我們說的是更溫暖的溫度，它們也適合在那種條件下表演，”他說?！拔覀冋J(rèn)為，如果我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)它們的規(guī)模增長(zhǎng)，它們就能更好地生存下去?！盨alifu認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)新研究證明了工程生物結(jié)殼在保護(hù)土質(zhì)遺產(chǎn)方面的潛在優(yōu)勢(shì))”可知，EmmanuelSalifu的話暗示了將生物技術(shù)應(yīng)用于生物結(jié)殼的可能性。故選D。【15題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“ThesoilsurfacesontheGreatWallarecoveredbya“l(fā)ivingskin”oftiny,rootlessplantsandmicroorganismsknownasbiocruststhatareasourceoftheheritagesite’sstayingpower,accordingtosoilecologistMatthewBowker,coauthorofthestudypublishedinthejournalScienceAdvances.(《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》雜志上發(fā)表的這項(xiàng)研究的合著者、土壤生態(tài)學(xué)家MatthewBowker表示，長(zhǎng)城的土壤表面覆蓋著一層由微小的、無根的植物和微生物組成的“活皮膚”，這些植物和微生物被稱為生物外殼，是長(zhǎng)城遺產(chǎn)持久力的來源)”結(jié)合這篇文章主要講述了夯土建造的長(zhǎng)城部分一直被認(rèn)為是結(jié)構(gòu)上的弱點(diǎn)，但最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)它們具有一種天然的防御機(jī)制——生物結(jié)皮，這種由微小無根植物和微生物組成的“活皮膚”能夠增強(qiáng)長(zhǎng)城夯土部分的強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定性，對(duì)抗威脅長(zhǎng)城的負(fù)面力量?？芍?，A選項(xiàng)“‘活皮膚’正在保護(hù)長(zhǎng)城”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。七選五Weoftenseeadesignonproductpackagingwitharrowsfollowingeachotherinacircle.Actually,itisasymboltoindicatetheproductisrecyclable,orthatitismadefromrecycledmaterials.____16____Atthattime,environmentalistswantedtomakeiteasierforpeopletorecycle.Oneofthereasonstousetherecyclingsymbolistoencouragepeopletorecycle.Whenseeingthesymbol,peoplemayfeelguiltyaboutthrowingtheproductaway.Besides,itcanbeprintedonwastecontainers.____17____Eveniftheyarenotfamiliarwiththerecyclingprocess,thisprovidesclearguidance.Plasticsareoftenprintedwitharesinidentificationcode(塑料分類標(biāo)志)whichisinsidetherecyclingsymbol.Thiscodeindicatesthematerialusedtomaketheplastic,allowingplasticstobesortedforrecycling.____18____Companiesdisplaytherecyclingsymbolonrecycledproducts.Itnotonlypromotestheirproducts,butalsoraisesawarenessaboutthepracticeofrecycling.____19____Becausetheybelieverecycledproductsaremoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Whenproductsaremadewithrecycledmaterials,thepackagingmustindicatethepercentageofrecycledproductsinvolved.Forexample,somecompaniesuse5%post-consumercontenttomakepaper.____20____Thisresultsinasignificantdifferenceinqualitybetweenthetwotypesofpaper.Inthiscase,usingadifferentrecyclingsymbolhelpstopreventconfusionamongpeople.A.However,othersuseahigherpercentage.B.Therearemanytypesofrecyclingsymbols.C.Itallowspeopletodealwithrecycledgoodsproperly.D.Thisreflectsthatrecyclingsupportsthecirculareconomy.E.Someindividualsalsoplacegreatimportanceonrecycledproducts.F.Thesecodesareuniversal,makingglobalplastichandlingmucheasier.G.Theconceptofauniversalrecyclingsymbolwaspopularizedinthe1970s.【答案】16.G17.C18.F19.E20.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了產(chǎn)品包裝上出現(xiàn)的回收符號(hào)及其意義?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Weoftenseeadesignonproductpackagingwitharrowsfollowingeachotherinacircle.Actually,itisasymboltoindicatetheproductisrecyclable,orthatitismadefromrecycledmaterials.(我們經(jīng)常在產(chǎn)品包裝上看到箭頭一個(gè)接一個(gè)圍成一個(gè)圓圈的設(shè)計(jì)。實(shí)際上，它是一個(gè)標(biāo)志，表明產(chǎn)品是可回收的，或者它是由回收材料制成的)”以及后文“Atthattime,environmentalistswantedtomakeiteasierforpeopletorecycle.(當(dāng)時(shí)，環(huán)保主義者想讓人們更容易回收)”可知，上文提到產(chǎn)品包裝上的符號(hào)表明產(chǎn)品是可回收的，接下來提到環(huán)保主義者想讓人們更容易回收，所以可推測(cè)出中間缺失的句子應(yīng)該是在講述這種符號(hào)是什么時(shí)候被提出的，故G選項(xiàng)“通用回收標(biāo)志的概念在20世紀(jì)70年代流行起來”符合語境，故選G?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Oneofthereasonstousetherecyclingsymbolistoencouragepeopletorecycle.Whenseeingthesymbol,peoplemayfeelguiltyaboutthrowingtheproductaway.Besides,itcanbeprintedonwastecontainers.(使用回收標(biāo)志的原因之一是鼓勵(lì)人們回收。當(dāng)看到這個(gè)標(biāo)志時(shí)，人們可能會(huì)對(duì)扔掉產(chǎn)品感到內(nèi)疚。此外，它還可以印在廢棄的容器上)”以及后文“Eveniftheyarenotfamiliarwiththerecyclingprocess,thisprovidesclearguidance.(即使他們不熟悉回收過程，這也提供了明確的指導(dǎo))”可知，前后文表明回收符號(hào)可以印在廢物容器上并為不熟悉回收過程的人提供明確的指導(dǎo)，所以可推測(cè)出中間缺失的句子應(yīng)該是在講述回收符號(hào)的作用，故C選項(xiàng)“它使人們能夠正確處理回收物品”符合語境，故選C?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Plasticsareoftenprintedwitharesinidentificationcode(塑料分類標(biāo)志)whichisinsidetherecyclingsymbol.Thiscodeindicatesthematerialusedtomaketheplastic,allowingplasticstobesortedforrecycling.(塑料通常在回收標(biāo)志內(nèi)印有樹脂識(shí)別碼。這個(gè)代碼表明了用于制造塑料的材料，允許塑料被分類回收)”可知，上文提到了塑料分類標(biāo)志或代碼，所以可推測(cè)出中間缺失的句子應(yīng)該是在講述這些代碼的作用，故F選項(xiàng)“這些代碼是通用的，使全球塑料處理更加容易”符合語境，故選F?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Companiesdisplaytherecyclingsymbolonrecycledproducts.Itnotonlypromotestheirproducts,butalsoraisesawarenessaboutthepracticeofrecycling.(公司在回收的產(chǎn)品上展示回收標(biāo)志。這不僅宣傳了他們的產(chǎn)品，也提高了人們對(duì)回收利用的認(rèn)識(shí))”以及后文“Becausetheybelieverecycledproductsaremoreenvironmentallyfriendly.(因?yàn)樗麄兿嘈呕厥债a(chǎn)品更環(huán)保)”可知，上文提到了公司認(rèn)為回收產(chǎn)品的好處，所以可推測(cè)出中間缺失的句子應(yīng)該是在講述個(gè)人方面非常重視回收產(chǎn)品，故E選項(xiàng)“一些人也很重視回收產(chǎn)品”符合語境，故選E?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Whenproductsaremadewithrecycledmaterials,thepackagingmustindicatethepercentageofrecycledproductsinvolved.Forexample,somecompaniesuse5%post-consumercontenttomakepaper.(當(dāng)產(chǎn)品是用回收材料制造時(shí)，包裝上必須標(biāo)明回收產(chǎn)品的百分比。例如，一些公司使用5%的消費(fèi)后內(nèi)容來造紙)”以及后文“Thisresultsinasignificantdifferenceinqualitybetweenthetwotypesofpaper.Inthiscase,usingadifferentrecyclingsymbolhelpstopreventconfusionamongpeople.(這就造成了兩種紙張質(zhì)量的顯著差異。在這種情況下，使用不同的回收符號(hào)有助于防止人們之間的混淆)”可知，后文提到了造成了質(zhì)量的顯著差異，推測(cè)本句是在說明其他公司使用百分比的不同之處。故A選項(xiàng)“然而，其他人使用更高的百分比”符合語境，故選A。完形填空Alice,age7:“Mom,doIhavetobrushmyhairtoday?”Me:“Yes,itwouldbegreatifyoucouldbrushiteveryday.”InAlice’sworldatthattime,brushinghairwasa(n)____21____task.IknewbackthenthatthisfeelingwouldnotlastforeverandthatonedayIwouldhaveto____22____herawayfromthemirror.And____23____,asshegrewolder,my____24____cametrue.At14,therewasnosuchthingasa____25____tripoutsideforAlice.Shebecame____26____ofherappearance.Hairhadtobebrushedandclothes____27____multipletimesbeforeshewouldleavethehouse.Weoftentalkedabouthow____28____qualitiesmattermorethanappearance.Eachtime,Alicewould____29____methatsheknewlooksweren’tcrucial.However,whenshelookedgoodoutwardly,shefeltmore_______30_______inside,whichmadeherakinderperson.Iwillneverbehappytoseemydaughterspendalongtime_______31_______.ButIknowit’spartofher_______32_______up.Creatinganindividual_______33_______isanaturalpartoftheteenageprocess.Justasshelearnedovertheyearsthathair-brushingisagoodidea,sowillshe_______34_______learnthatit’sokaytogooutinaless-than-perfectoutfitsometimes.Somewheredeepdown,her_______35_______selfstillknowsthat.21.A.inconvenient B.pleasant C.easy D.necessary22.A.frighten B.drag C.drive D.send23.A.hence B.indeed C.absolutely D.meanwhile24.A.prediction B.dream C.vision D.fear25.A.long B.short C.planned D.sudden26.A.ashamed B.mindful C.afraid D.proud27.A.changed B.washed C.made D.bought28.A.mental B.inner C.physical D.outer29.A.warn B.remind C.disappoint D.advise30.A.curious B.nervous C.relaxed D.confident31.A.gettingready B.workingout C.brushinghair D.stayingout32.A.cheering B.giving C.waking D.growing33.A.habit B.skill C.identity D.character34.A.hopefully B.apparently C.fortunately D.frequently35.A.7-year-old B.14-year-old C.youthful D.older【答案】21.A22.B23.B24.A25.D26.B27.A28.B29.B30.D31.A32.D33.C34.A35.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章通過講述女兒Alice從7歲到14歲對(duì)打扮態(tài)度的變化，展現(xiàn)了青少年成長(zhǎng)過程中對(duì)外貌認(rèn)知的自然轉(zhuǎn)變。【21題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在愛麗絲那個(gè)時(shí)候的世界里，梳頭是一件不方便的事。A.inconvenient不方便的；B.pleasant滿意的；C.easy簡(jiǎn)單的；D.necessary必須的。根據(jù)下文“IknewbackthenthatthisfeelingwouldnotlastforeverandthatonedayIwouldhaveto_______herawayfromthemirror.”可知，從后文作者知道這種感覺不會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)持續(xù)，且與長(zhǎng)大后重視外表形成對(duì)比，可知當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)7歲的愛麗絲來說，梳頭是件“不方便的”事。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：那時(shí)我就知道這種感覺不會(huì)永遠(yuǎn)持續(xù)下去，總有一天我會(huì)把她從鏡子前拖走。A.frighten使害怕；B.drag拽；C.drive駕駛；D.send發(fā)送。根據(jù)上文“Iknewbackthenthatthisfeelingwouldnotlastforever”以及下文內(nèi)容可知，作者知道總有一天要把她從鏡子前“拽走”，因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)大后她會(huì)在鏡子前花很多時(shí)間?！癲ragsb.awayfrom...”表示“把某人從……拽走”故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：的確，隨著她長(zhǎng)大，我的預(yù)言成真了。A.hence因此；B.indeed的確；C.absolutely當(dāng)然；D.meanwhile同時(shí)。根據(jù)下文“asshegrewolder,my_______cametrue.”由此可知，此處應(yīng)表示作者的猜測(cè)成真，隨著她長(zhǎng)大，作者的預(yù)測(cè)確實(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)了。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：的確，隨著她長(zhǎng)大，我的預(yù)言成真了。A.prediction預(yù)測(cè)；B.dream夢(mèng)想；C.vision視覺；D.fear害怕。根據(jù)下文“Shebecame_______ofherappearance.Hairhadtobebrushedandclothes_______multipletimesbeforeshewouldleavethehouse.”可知，前文作者猜測(cè)孩子長(zhǎng)大后會(huì)在鏡子前花費(fèi)時(shí)間，以及下文內(nèi)容可知，這里指這個(gè)“預(yù)測(cè)”成真。故選A項(xiàng)。【25題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)14歲的愛麗絲來說，沒有一時(shí)興起的戶外旅行這種事。A.long長(zhǎng)的；B.short短的；C.planned計(jì)劃的；D.sudden一時(shí)興起的。根據(jù)下文“Shebecame_______ofherappearance.Hairhadtobebrushedandclothes_______multipletimesbeforeshewouldleavethehouse.”由此可知，此處應(yīng)表示14歲時(shí)，對(duì)愛麗絲來說出門哪怕是一時(shí)興起的戶外行程都不是簡(jiǎn)單的事，因?yàn)樗〞r(shí)間打理外表。故選D項(xiàng)。【26題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她開始注意自己的外表。A.ashamed羞恥的；B.mindful注意的，留心的；C.afraid害怕的；D.proud自豪的。根據(jù)下文“Hairhadtobebrushedandclothes_______multipletimesbeforeshewouldleavethehouse.”由此可知，此處應(yīng)表示愛麗絲開始注意自己的外表。故選B項(xiàng)。【27題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在她離開家之前，她得梳頭、換衣服好幾次。A.changed更換；B.washed洗；C.made做；D.bought買。根據(jù)句意以及下文“…multipletimesbeforeshewouldleavethehouse”可知，此處應(yīng)表示愛麗絲在出門前，頭發(fā)要梳好，衣服要“換”好幾次。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們經(jīng)常談?wù)搩?nèi)在品質(zhì)比外表更重要。A.mental心理的；B.inner內(nèi)在的；C.physical身體的；D.outer外部的。根據(jù)下文“…qualitiesmattermorethanappearance”和“Eachtime,Alicewould_______methatsheknewlooksweren’tcrucial.”由此可知，此處應(yīng)表示作者和女兒常談?wù)摗皟?nèi)在”品質(zhì)比外表更重要。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：每次，愛麗絲都會(huì)提醒我，她知道外表并不重要。A.warn警告；B.remind提醒；C.disappoint使失望；D.advise建議。根據(jù)下文“…thatsheknewlooksweren’tcrucial”由此可知，此處應(yīng)表示每次愛麗絲都會(huì)“提醒”作者她知道外表不是關(guān)鍵。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，當(dāng)她外表看起來很好時(shí)，她內(nèi)心更自信，這使她成為一個(gè)更善良的人。A.curious好奇的；B.nervous緊張的；C.relaxed放松的；D.confident自信的。根據(jù)上文“whenshelookedgoodoutwardly”由此可知，此處應(yīng)表示當(dāng)愛麗絲外表看起來很好時(shí)，她內(nèi)心更自信，這使她成為一個(gè)更善良的人。故選D項(xiàng)。【31題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語和動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：看到我女兒花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間準(zhǔn)備，我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)高興的。A.gettingready準(zhǔn)備；B.workingout解決；C.brushinghair梳頭；D.stayingout不回家。根據(jù)句意以及上文“spen