2025年高考預(yù)測(cè)猜題大題突破得高分系列02 閱讀理解說明文 語法填空(一)(解析版)

大題預(yù)測(cè)閱讀理解說明文語法填空一)一、閱讀理解說明文Passage（1）【浙江省諸暨市牌頭中學(xué)等多校2024-2025學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期2月適應(yīng)性考試】Itiscommonforustohearpeoplesaying“toobusy”.Sometimesmaybetheyarereallybusy,however,moretimesit’sjustbecausethat’swhattheythinktheyaresupposedtosay.That’swhatimportantpeoplesay.That’swhatpeoplewhogetpromotedsay.Butthefactisworkinglonghoursdoesn’tnecessarilymeanbetterresults.Nevertakingavacationwon’tleadtoapromotion.Sowhyarewesoproudtotalkabouthowbusyweareallthetime?In2016,researchersfromColumbia,Harvard,andGeorgetownconductedastudytofigureitout.Theyfoundbusypeopleareperceivedtobeofhighstatus,andinterestingly,thesestatusattributionsareheavilyinfluencedbyourownbeliefsaboutsocialmobility.Inotherwords,themorewebelievethatonehastheopportunityforsuccessbasedonhardwork,themorewetendtothinkthatpeoplewhoskipleisureandworkallthetimeareofhigherstanding.That’swhywefeellikewehavetoappearbusy,andthere’sarealperceptionthatifsomeoneisknee-deepinmeetings,emailsandstress,thenthey’reprobablyabigdeal.Thiscultureofbusynessismakingithardforemployeestofindwork-lifebalance.Accordingtoarecentstudy,oneinfivehighlyengagedemployeesisatriskofburnout(精疲力竭).Personally,I’mgoingtostopsaying“busy”whenpeopleaskmehowIam.Itsoundsself-righteous(自以為是的)andsetsthewrongtone.Phraseslike“Ihavelimitedaccesstoemail”and“I’llrespondassoonasIgetback”soundlikeyou’rebeingheldagainstyourwillfromworkingasopposedtomakingthemostofyourtimeThat’swhywerecentlylaunchedtheOutofEmailGenerator,afreetoolyoucanusebeforeyournextlongweekendortrip.canshareloudandproudthatyouwon’tbecheckingemailsuntilyou’reback.Managersneedtothinktwiceaboutemailingtheirteamsontheweekendandtalkingabouthowbusytheyare.Leadersshouldtaketimethemselvesandencourageemployeestodothesame.8．Whydopeopleliketosay“busy”?A．Theywanttogetpromoted.B．Itmakesthemlookimportant.C．Theyhavetoomuchworktodo.D．Theyenjoythefeelingofbeingbusy.9．Whydowetendtothinkthatbusypeopleareofhighstatus?1/A．Ourstatuscanbeattributedtooursocialmobility.B．holdthebeliefthathardworkleadstosuccess.C．Ourownopportunityforsuccessnevercomeseasily.D．findfewpeopleofhighstatushavetimeforleisure.10．Whatdoes“Ihavelimitedaccesstoemail”soundlikeaccordingtotheauthor?A．Oneistoobusytocheckallemailsintime.B．Oneissimplyenjoyingtheirtimework.C．Onehasdifficultydealingwiththeworkissues.D．Oneisforcedbycircumstancestostopworking.．WhydidtheauthorlaunchtheOutofEmailGenerator?A．ensureemployeesandemployershavetimeB．stopmanagerstalkingabouthowbusytheyare.C．encourageemployeestoansweremailspromptly.D．enableemployeestospendlesstimecheckingemails.【答案】8．B9．B10．D．A“太忙了”的原因以及有關(guān)解決這個(gè)問題的研究。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Itiscommonforustohearpeoplesaying“toobusy”.Sometimesmaybetheyarereallybusy,however,moretimesit’sjustbecausethat’swhattheythinktheyaresupposedtosay.That’swhatimportantpeoplesay.That’swhatpeoplewhogetpromotedsay.(我們經(jīng)常聽到人們說“太忙了”。有時(shí)他們可能)”可知，人們喜歡說自己忙是因?yàn)槟切┏晒θ耸慷己苊?，而人們想讓自己看起來像成功人士。故選B。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Inotherwords,themorewebelievethatonehastheopportunityforsuccessbasedonhardwork,themorewetendtothinkthatpeoplewhoskipleisureandworkallthetimeareofhigherstanding.(換句話說，我們?cè)较嘈乓粋€(gè)人有機(jī)會(huì)通過努力工作獲得成功，我們就越傾向于認(rèn)為那些不休閑而一直工作的人地位更高)”故選B。10“Phraseslike“Ihavelimitedaccesstoemail”and“I’llrespondassoonasIgetback”soundlikeyou’rebeingheldagainstyourwillfromworkingasopposedtomakingthemostofyourtime像“我不能查收郵件”和“我一回來就回復(fù)”這樣的話聽起來就像是你被強(qiáng)迫工作，而不是充分利用你的休假時(shí)間)”可知，當(dāng)人們說“我沒有辦法接收郵件”時(shí)，想表達(dá)的是“客觀環(huán)境迫使我無法工作”。故選D。2/．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“That’swhywerecentlylaunchedtheOutofEmailGenerator,afreetoolyoucanusebeforeyournextlongweekendortrip.canshareloudandproudthatyouwon’tbecheckingemailsuntilyou’reback.Managersneedtothinktwiceaboutemailingtheirteamsontheweekendandtalkingabouthowbusytheyare.Leadersshouldtaketimethemselvesandencourageemployeestodothesame.(這就是為什么我們最近推出了“外出電子郵件生成器”使用它。你可以大聲自豪地告訴他們，在你回來之前你不會(huì)查收郵件。管理者在周末給團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)郵件、談?wù)?”O(jiān)utofEmailGenerator是想讓老板和員工都能有空閑的時(shí)間。故選A。Passage（2）【山東省青島市嶗山區(qū)青島第二中學(xué)學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月期末】Inourinformation-drivensociety,shapingourworldviewthroughthemediaissimilartoforminganopinionaboutsomeonesolelybasedonapictureoftheirfoot.Whilethemediamightnotdeliberatelydeceiveus,itoftenfailstoprovideacomprehensiveviewofreality.Consequently,thequestionarises:Where,then,shallwegetourinformationfromifnotfromthemedia?Whocanwetrust?Howaboutexperts-peoplewhodevotetheirworkinglivestounderstandingtheirchosensliceoftheworld?However,evenexpertscanfallpreytotheallureofoversimplification,leadingtothe“singleperspectiveinstinct”thathampers(阻礙)ourabilitytograsptheintricacies(錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜)oftheworld.Simpleideascanbeappealingbecausetheyasenseofunderstandingandcertainty.Anditiseasytotakedownaslipperyslope,fromoneattention-grabbingsimpleideatoafeelingthatthisideabeautifullyexplains,oristhebeautifulsolutionfor,lotsofotherthings.Theworldbecomessimplethatway.whenweembraceasingularcauseorsolutionforallproblems,weriskoversimplifyingcomplexissues.Forinstance,championingtheconceptofequalitymayleadustoviewallproblemsthroughthelensofinequalityandseeresourcedistributionasthesolepanacea.However,suchrigiditypreventsusfromseeingthemultidimensionalnatureofchallengesandhinderstruecomprehensionofreality.This“singleperspectiveinstinct”ultimatelycloudsourjudgmentandrestrictsourcapacitytotacklecomplexissueseffectively.Beingalwaysinfavoroforalwaysagainstanyparticularideamakesyoublindtoinformationthatdoesn’tfityourperspective.Thisisusuallyabadapproachifyouwouldliketounderstandreality.Instead,constantlytestyourfavoriteideasforweaknesses.Behumbleabouttheextentofyourexpertise.Becuriousaboutnewinformationthatdoesn’tfit,andinformationfromotherfields.Andratherthantalkingonlyto3/peoplewhoagreewithyou,orcollectingexamplesthatfityourideas,consultpeoplewhocontradictyou,disagreewithyou,andputforwarddifferentideasasagreatresourceforunderstandingtheworld.Ifthismeansyoudon’thavetimetoformsomayopinions,sowhat?youratherhavefewopinionsthatarerightthanmanythatarewrong?12．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“allure”inPara.2probablymean?A．B．C．Convenience.D．Consequence.13．Whyaresimpleideasappealingaccordingtothepassage?A．Theymeetpeople’sdemandforhighefficiency.B．Theygenerateasenseofcompleteunderstanding.C．Theyareraisedandsupportedbymultipleexperts.D．Theyreflecttheopinionsoflike-mindedindividuals.14．Whatwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A．Simplifyingmattersreleasesenergyforhumanbrains.B．Constanttestsonourideashelpmakeupforourweakness.C．Awell-foundedopinioncountsmorethanmanyshallowones.D．Peoplewhodisagreewithusoftenhavecomprehensiveviews.15．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．EmbracingDisagreement:RefusingOvercomplexityB．SimplifyingInformation:EnhancingComprehensionC．UnderstandingDifferences:EstablishingRelationshipsD．NavigatingComplexity:ChallengingOversimplification【答案】12．A13．B14．C15．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。短文主要講述了在信息驅(qū)動(dòng)的社會(huì)中，塑造我們的世界觀經(jīng)常無法提供全面的現(xiàn)實(shí)視角。簡(jiǎn)單的想法可能很吸引人，但是我們會(huì)冒著過度簡(jiǎn)化復(fù)雜問題的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，最終會(huì)影響我們的判斷力，限制我們有效解決復(fù)雜問題的能力。我們應(yīng)該與持有不同觀點(diǎn)的人交談并試圖理解他們的觀點(diǎn)，形成正確的觀點(diǎn)。12．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段“l(fā)eadingtothe“singleperspectiveinstinct”thathampers(阻礙)ourabilitytograsptheintricaciesoftheworld.(導(dǎo)致“單一視角本能”，阻礙我們掌握世界的復(fù)雜性)”allureallure在這4/里指的是“誘惑”。故選A。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Simpleideascanbeappealingbecausetheyasenseofunderstandingandcertainty.(簡(jiǎn)單的想法可能很有吸引力，因?yàn)樗鼈兲峁┝艘环N理解和確定性)”可知，簡(jiǎn)單的想法具有吸引力是因?yàn)樗鼈儺a(chǎn)生一種完全理解的感覺。故選B。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Instead,constantlytestyourfavoriteideasforweaknesses.Behumbleabouttheextentofyourexpertise.Becuriousaboutnewinformationthatdoesn’tfit,andinformationfromotherfields.Andratherthantalkingonlytopeoplewhoagreewithyou,orcollectingexamplesthatfityourideas,consultpeoplewhocontradictyou,disagreewithyou,andputforwarddifferentideasasagreatresourceforunderstandingtheworld.(相反，要不斷測(cè)試你最喜歡的想法的弱點(diǎn)。對(duì)自己的專業(yè)知識(shí)要謙虛。對(duì)不合適的新信息和來自)”要謙虛，要保持好奇，不要只是與同意自己觀點(diǎn)的人交談，要與那些與持有與自己不同觀點(diǎn)的人交流，接受不同的觀點(diǎn)，作為理解世界的重要資源。因此推斷作者認(rèn)為理由充分的觀點(diǎn)比膚淺的觀點(diǎn)更有價(jià)值。故選C。15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“Inourinformation-drivensociety,shapingourworldviewthroughthemediaissimilartoforminganopinionaboutsomeonesolelybasedonapictureoftheirfoot.Whilethemediamightnotdeliberatelydeceiveus,itoftenfailstoprovideacomprehensiveviewofreality.(在我們這個(gè)信息驅(qū)動(dòng)的社會(huì)中，通過媒體塑造我們的世界觀就像僅僅根據(jù)一個(gè)人的腳的照片來形成對(duì)他們的看法一樣，它經(jīng)常無法提供全面的現(xiàn)實(shí)視角)”，第二段的“However,evenexpertscanfallpreytotheallureofoversimplification,leadingtothe“singleperspectiveinstinct”thathampers(阻礙)ourabilitytograsptheintricaciesoftheworld.(也會(huì)受到過度簡(jiǎn)化的誘惑，導(dǎo)致“單一視角本能”，阻礙我們掌握世界的復(fù)雜性)”以及倒數(shù)第三的“Andratherthantalkingonlytopeoplewhoagreewithyou,orcollectingexamplesthatfityourideas,consultpeoplewhocontradictyou,disagreewithyou,andputforwarddifferentideasasagreatresourceforunderstandingtheworld.(與其只與那些同意你的人交談，或者收集符合你想法的例子，不如咨詢那些反駁你、不同意你的人，并提)”“單一視角本能”最終會(huì)影響我們的判斷力，限制我們有效解決復(fù)雜問題的能力，我們應(yīng)該接受不同的觀點(diǎn)，作為理解世界的重要資源。因此D項(xiàng)“駕馭復(fù)雜性:挑戰(zhàn)過度簡(jiǎn)化”為最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。Passage（3）【吉林省東北師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期開學(xué)】Anoveldesignapproachtogardening5/hasbeengaininginpopularityworldwide.Referredtoasmatrixplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavyliftinginthegarden,andevensomeofthedesigning.Eschewingfertilizers(化肥)andpowertools,it’sbasedonanelegantlysimpleprinciple:tógardenmorelikenaturedoes.TheconceptwasbornwhenGermancityplannerssoughttoplantlargeareasofparklandafterIIinareproduciblewaythatwouldneedminimalmaintenance.Plannerscreatedplantingmixesthatcouldbeusedmodularly(模塊化)inamatrixgarden,plantswithsimilarculturalneedsaregroupedsothattheywillgrowtogetheraboveandbelowground,formingacooperativeecosystemthatconserveswateranddiscouragesweeds.DutchplantsmananddesignerPietOudolf’sgardenspopularizedthisstyle,addingartisticflavorstotheplantingmixeswhileplayingwithcolorandform,includingfour-seasoninterestandservingtheneedsofwildlife.Beautifulyear-round,theyinviteyoutoenjoythesmallestdetail,fromthesoundofgrassesinthegentlewindtothesculptureofodd-lookingseedheads.Ittakesalotofthoughttolookthisnatural.Whilematrixgardensappearwild,theyarecarefullyplanned,withculturalneedsthefirstconsideration.Ledbytheconceptof“rightplant,rightplace,”,theymatchplantsthatenjoythesamesoil,sunandweatherconditions,andarrangethemaccordingtotheirpatternsofgrowth.Thebenefitsaresubstantialforbothgardenerandplanet.humaninputsdramaticallyreduced,thegarden’secologycandevelopwell.Established,matrixgardensshouldnotneedthelifesupportwegivemostgardens:fertilizer,dividing,regularwatering.Comparedtotraditionalgardenplots,theyincreasecarbonabsorption,reducestormwaterandboosthabitatandbiodiversitysignificantly.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Eschewing”inthefirstparagraphmean?A．Runningoutof.B．Keepingawayfrom.C．Puttingupwith.D．a(chǎn)dvantageof.9．Whywastheideaofmatrixplantingintroduced?A．controlweedsinlargegardens.B．bringinforeignspeciesofplants.C．conservesoilandwaterresources.D．developlow-maintenanceparkland.10．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPictOudolf’sgardens?A．B．Odd-looking.C．D．6/．Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ThefutureofgardeningisWILD．B．NaturetreatsalllivesasEQUALS.C．MatrixgardensneedmoreCARE.D．OldgardenplotsworkWONDERS.【答案】8．B9．D10．C．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種新型園藝設(shè)計(jì)方法——矩陣種植。8．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“Eschewingfertilizersandpowertools,it’sbasedonanelegantlysimpleprinciple:togardenmorelikenaturedoes.(Eschewing化肥和電動(dòng)工具，它基于一個(gè)極其簡(jiǎn)單的原則：更像大自然那樣進(jìn)行園藝)”中“togardenmorelikenaturedoes”可推知，這種園藝方式接近自然的方式，由此推知，Eschewing有“”B項(xiàng)“Keepingawayfrom”意思相近。故選B項(xiàng)。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“TheconceptwasbornwhenGermancityplannerssoughttoplantlargeareasofparklandafterIIinareproduciblewaythatwouldneedminimalmaintenance.Plannerscreatedplantingmixesthatcouldbeusedmodularlyinamatrixgarden,plantswithsimilarculturalneedsaregroupedsothattheywillgrowtogetheraboveandbelowground,formingacooperativeecosystemthatconserveswateranddiscouragesweeds.(第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后，德國城市規(guī)劃者試圖以一種可復(fù)制的方式種植大面積的公園，這一概念誕生了，這種方式需要最少的維護(hù)。規(guī)劃者創(chuàng)造了可以在矩陣花園中模塊化使用的混合種植，具有相似文化需求的植物被組合在一起，這樣它們就可以在地上和地下一起生長，形成一個(gè)合作的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，既能節(jié)約用水，又能抑制雜草生長)”引入矩陣種植是為了開發(fā)低維護(hù)的公園綠地。故選D項(xiàng)。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“DutchplantsmananddesignerPietOudolf’sgardenspopularizedthisstyle,addingartisticflavorstotheplantingmixeswhileplayingwithcolorandform,includingfourseasoninterestandservingtheneedsofwildlife.(荷蘭植物學(xué)家兼設(shè)計(jì)師PietOudolf的花園推廣了這種風(fēng)格，在種植組合中增添)”PietOudolf的花園有藝術(shù)氣息，很有品味。故選C項(xiàng)?！癆noveldesignapproachtogardeninghasbeengaininginpopularityworldwide.Referredtoasmatrixplanting,thisapproachaimsfornaturetodoalotmoreoftheheavyliftinginthegarden,and7/evensomeofthedesigning.(其目標(biāo)是讓大自然在花園中承擔(dān)更多繁雜的工作，甚至參與一些設(shè)計(jì))”和最后一段中“Thebenefitsaresubstantialforbothgardenerandplanet.humaninputsdramaticallyreduced,thegarden’secologycandevelopwell.(這對(duì)園丁和地球都有巨大的好處。隨著人類投入的大幅減少，花園的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可以良好發(fā)展)”A選項(xiàng)“ThefutureofgardeningisWILD(園藝的未來是野生自然)”能概括文章內(nèi)容，適合做標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。Passage（4）【江西省吉安市六校協(xié)作體學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月聯(lián)考】ArchaeologistshaveuncoveredevidencethatanAboriginalritual(儀式)mayhavebeenpasseddown500generationsandsurvived12,000years,makingittheoldestknowncontinuousculturalpracticeintheworld.WhileinvestigatingCloggsCaveinAustralia,researchersfoundapieceofwoodstickingoutoftheground.Theycutit,andusedcarbondatingtodeterminethatit’sabout12,000yearsold.“12,000-year-oldartifactsdon’tsurviveinthegroundforthatlong.Normallytheyjustbreakdown,”saidBrunoDavid,aprofessoratMonashUniversityinAustralia.Theyalsouncoveredanotherwoodenstickwhich,though1,000yearsyounger,wasremarkablysimilar.Bothstickswerespreadwithanimalorhumanfat,foundnexttosmallfireplaces,andbothhadbeenfleetinglyburnt.Davidandhiscolleagueswereapproachedin2017bytheGunaiKurnaiLandandAboriginalCorporationwhichrepresentstheGunaiKurnaipeople,toinvestigatethearchaeologicalevidenceofthisritual,whichhadpreviouslybeendocumentedbythe19th-centurygeologistAlfredHowitt.Howittdetailedthisritualinhisbook.Hewrotethattheritualwouldseektohelpthesickpeoplerecoverquicklybyfindingsomethingbelongingtothesubject,attachingittoathrowingstickalongwithanimalfat.Thestickwasthenstuckinthegroundbeforeafire,anditisplacedinsuchapositionthatby-and-byitfallsdown.Excavations(挖掘)thattookplace50yearsagowithoutconsultingtheGunaiKurnaipeopleuncoveredthesmallfireplacesaroundwhichtheseritualscentered,butresearchersdidn’tanalyzethewoodensticksinanysignificantdetail.Aswellasdatinganddeterminingtheuseofthesesticks,archaeologistsalsoconcludedthatthecaveswereusedalmostspecificallyasaritualsite.ThisfindingmatcheswiththecurrentGunaiKurnaiknowledge.“NowhereelseonEarthhasarchaeologicalevidenceofaveryspecificculturalpracticewhoseperformanceisknownfrom8/eldersandhaspreviouslybeentrackedsofarbackintime,”saidDavid.28．HowdidBrunoDavidfeelwhenmentioningthefinding?A．Doubtful.B．Surprised.C．Confident.D．Satisfied.29．WhydidDavidandhiscolleaguesinvestigateCloggsCave?A．findevidenceofadocumentedritual.B．provethewisdomofAboriginalpeople.C．determinetheageofanethnicminority.D．uncoverthesecretofsomeburiedsticks.30．Whatdoweknowabouttheritualfromthetext?A．Itwascarriedoutaroundafterabigfire.B．Itwasperformedtohealthesickpeople.C．ItwasforgottenbytheGunaiKurnaipeople.D．Itregainedpublicattentioninthe20thcentury.31．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．OldestRitualDatesSoFarbackinB．SomeSticksDeterminetheRichCulturalPracticeC．ScientistsHaveProvedHowitt’sDescriptionofaRitualD．ArchaeologiststoDeterminetheUseofSomeSticks【答案】28．B29．A30．B31．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了考古學(xué)家在澳大利亞的克洛格斯洞穴中發(fā)現(xiàn)了世界上已知最古老的連續(xù)文化習(xí)俗——一種土著儀式，該儀式可能已傳承了500代，歷時(shí)12000年。28．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“12,000-year-oldartifactsdon’tsurviveinthegroundforthatlong.Normallytheyjustbreakdown.(12000)”·大衛(wèi)提到這一發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)是感到驚訝的，因?yàn)檫@么古老的文物通常不會(huì)保存這么久。故選B。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Davidandhiscolleagueswereapproachedin2017bytheGunaiKurnaiLandandAboriginalCorporationwhichrepresentstheGunaiKurnaipeople,toinvestigatethearchaeologicalevidenceofthisritual,whichhadpreviouslybeendocumentedbythe19th-centurygeologistAlfredHowitt.(20179/他們調(diào)查這一儀式的考古證據(jù)，這一儀式此前已由19世紀(jì)地質(zhì)學(xué)家阿爾弗雷德·豪伊特（AlfredHowitt錄下來)”可知，大衛(wèi)和他的同事調(diào)查克洛格斯洞穴是為了尋找有記載的儀式的證據(jù)。故選A。30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Hewrotethattheritualwouldseektohelpthesickpeoplerecoverquicklybyfindingsomethingbelongingtothesubject,attachingittoathrowingstickalongwithanimalfat.(他寫道，這個(gè)儀式是為了幫助病人快速康復(fù)，方法是找到屬于病人的東西，把它和動(dòng)物脂肪一起綁在一根投擲棍上)”可知，這個(gè)儀式是為了治愈病人而進(jìn)行的，故選B。31．主旨大意題。文章主要講述了考古學(xué)家在澳大利亞的克洛格斯洞穴中發(fā)現(xiàn)了世界上已知最古老的連續(xù)文化習(xí)俗——一種土著儀式，該儀式可能已傳承了500代，歷時(shí)12000年。由此可知，選項(xiàng)A“世界上最古老的儀式追溯到很久以前”最能概括文章主旨，適合作本文標(biāo)題。故選A。Passage（5）【江西省贛州市贛撫吉十五校聯(lián)考學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期月月考】getaheadinthisworld,don’tweneedalittlebitofperfectionism?”Assomeonewhohasresearchedperfectionismforoveradecade,I’maskedthisquestionalot.AndIusedtothinkthatwastrue.It’shardtosucceednowadays.gottosacrificeyourself,keeppushingwellbeyondwhat’scomfortable,andlivelifeonyourtiptoes.That’sjustthecommonthingsinacompetitivesocietywherethereareonlyafewwinners,Ibelieved.researchfindsthatperfectionismhasnorelationshipwithperformance.Perfectionisticpeoplestrugglereallyhard,butthey’renomorelikelytobesuccessful.Onereasonisthatperfectionisticpeopleworkhardbutunsustainablyso.Theyoftenfindthemselvesinthesappingzoneandoppositereturnsontheirefforts.Anotheristhatmanyperfectionistsareworldchampionsatself-doubt.Whenthingsgettough,whenitlookslikefailureisheadingtheirway,theanticipatedshameandembarrassmentaresofiercethatperfectionisticpeopleareunwillingtoputforthanyfurtherthatmightallowotherstodiscovertheirshortcomings.So,theysimplygiveuptoavoidfearsoffailure,whichmakesfailuremorelikely.Forperfectionists,dialingdowngoalsandaimingforexcellenceinsteaddoesn’tusuallywork.Onthecontrary,it’simportanttolearntoembracetheinevitabilityofsetbacks,failures,andthingsnotgoingquiteasplanned.It’simportanttobeabletositcomfortablywiththesehumanizingexperiences,toletthembe,andnotneedtodrivethemoutofexistence.Soweshouldn’tstruggletobeperfectbecauseperfectionismdoesn’tleadtosuccess.Instead,dorecognizethatlearningtoembraceimperfectionsandsetbackshelpsustoacceptourselvesandkeepmovingforward.12．Whatistheauthor’sinitialbeliefaboutperfectionism?/A．Ithasnorelationshipwithperformance.B．Itleadstoself-doubtandfearoffailure.C．Itisunsustainableandleadstoburnout.D．Itisnecessaryforsuccessintoughsociety.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sapping”meaninparagraph2?A．Falling.B．Reserving.C．ExcitingD．Refreshing.14．Whydomanyperfectionistsgiveupwhenfacedwithchallenges?A．Theyarenotwillingtoworkhard.B．Theyareafraidofshamefromfailure.C．Theyareunwillingtoacceptanyfailure.D．Theyareunabletodialdowntheirgoals.15．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．WhyShouldEmbrace“GoodEnough”B．WhyKidsNeed“IntelligentFailure”C．WhatIsABetterSeekGuidanceD．WhatCanbenefitFromPerfectionism【答案】12．D13．A14．B15．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要論述我們不應(yīng)該為追求完美而奮斗，因?yàn)橥昝乐髁x不會(huì)帶來成功。相反，要認(rèn)識(shí)到，學(xué)會(huì)接受不完美和挫折有助于我們接受自己并繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段getaheadinthisworld,don’tweneedalittlebitofperfectionism?”Assomeonewhohasresearchedperfectionismforoveradecade,I’maskedthisquestionalot.AndIusedtothinkthatwastrue.(“要想在這個(gè)世界上出人頭地，我們難道不需要一點(diǎn)完美主義嗎？”作為一個(gè)研究完美主義超過十)”點(diǎn)完美主義，因此作者最初認(rèn)為完美主義是在社會(huì)上取得成功的必要條件。故選D。13．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中“Perfectionisticpeoplestrugglereallyhard,butthey’renomorelikelytobesuccessful.Onereasonisthatperfectionisticpeopleworkhardbutunsustainablyso.Theyoftenfindthemselvesinthesappingzoneandoppositereturnsontheir(完美主義者確實(shí)非常努力，但他們并不比其他人更有可sapping/)”己處于“sapping”區(qū)，即消耗精力、令人疲憊的區(qū)域，與他們的努力相反。故劃線詞意思是“令人疲憊的、消耗精力的”A.FallingB.ReservingC.ExcitingD.Refreshing令人耳目一新的。故選A。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Anotheristhatmanyperfectionistsareworldchampionsatself-doubt.Whenthingsgettough,whenitlookslikefailureisheadingtheirway,theanticipatedshameandembarrassmentaresofiercethatperfectionisticpeopleareunwillingtoputforthanyfurtherthatmightallowotherstodiscovertheirshortcomings.(另一個(gè)原因是，許多完美主義者都是自我懷疑的世界冠軍。當(dāng)事情變得艱難，看起來失敗即將來臨時(shí)，預(yù)期的羞恥和尷尬是如此強(qiáng)烈，以至于完美主義者不愿意付出任何進(jìn)一步的努力，這可能會(huì)讓別人發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的缺點(diǎn))”B。15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中researchfindsthatperfectionismhasnorelationshipwithperformance.(然而，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)完美主義與表現(xiàn)無關(guān)。)”以及最后一段“Soweshouldn’tstruggletobeperfectbecauseperfectionismdoesn’tleadtosuccess.Instead,dorecognizethatlearningtoembraceimperfectionsandsetbackshelpsustoacceptourselvesandkeepmovingforward.(所以我們不應(yīng)該掙扎著追求完美，因?yàn)橥昝乐髁x并不會(huì))”新的研究表明，完美主義并不一定能帶來成功，反而可能會(huì)讓人筋疲力盡，害怕失敗。相反，我們應(yīng)該學(xué)A項(xiàng)“為什么你應(yīng)該接受‘足夠好’”A。Passage（6）【吉林省長春市實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末】[1]Antibioticresistance(抗生素耐藥性)isagrowingthreattoglobalhealth.In2019,itcausedover1.27milliondeathsworldwideandit’sprojectedthatitmaycontributetotenmilliondeathsperyearby2050.[2]Antibioticsareusedtotreatbacterialinfections.Buttheirmisuseandoverusehavecontributedtotheemergenceofbacteriawhichcarrygenesthatenablethemtoresistthekillingpowerofantibiotics.Thisresultsininfectionsthataremuchhardertotreat.Antibioticresistancemainlyspreadstohumansthroughpollutedfoodorwater.[3]Butarecentstudysuggeststhisisn’ttheonlywayresistantbacteriacanspread.AccordingtoresearchersfromChinaandtheUK,airpollutionmayalsobespreadingantibioticresistance.Thisisthefirststudytocomprehensivelyestimatethelinkbetweenincreasedantibioticresistanceandairpollutionglobally.Theylookedat/12researchstudiesconductedacrosscountries.Thesestudiesestimatedtheamplificationofantibioticresistantbacteriaorgenesintheatmosphere.[4]Thestudylookedspecificallyatthemostdangeroustypeofairpollution—PM2.5.ThestudyfoundthatantibioticresistancerosealongsideincreasingPM2.5concentrations(濃度)intheair.Every10%riseintheconcentrationofPM2.5waslinkedwitha1.1%globalincreaseinantibioticresistanceand43,654deathsfromitsinfections.ThehighestlevelsofantibioticresistancewereseeninnorthAfricaandwestAsia.TheseareasalsohadthemostseverePM2.5pollution.Incomparison,EuropeandNorthAmericawhichhadthelowestaveragelevelsofPM2.5pollution—alsohadlowerlevelsofantibioticresistance.[5]Itshowsthere’sasignificantrelationshipbetweenairpollutionandantibioticresistance.Althoughtheauthorsdidn’tshowevidenceofcausationbetweenthetwofactors,theydidfindantibioticresistancegenesintheDNAofbacteriasequencedfromairsamples.ThisindicatesthatPM2.5couldfacilitatethespreadofantibioticresistantbacteriaandgenesviatheair.[6]However,it’sstillunclearwhatunderlyingmechanisms(機(jī)制)mayallowantibioticresistancetospreadinairpollution.Itwillbeimportantforfuturestudiestoinvestigatethis.Itwillalsobeimportantforresearcherstoinvestigatetheroleofotherfactorsthatcancontributetoantibioticresistance.12．Whatisthestudyabout?A．Howresistantbacteriaspreadtohumans.B．HowthePM2.5contributestoantibioticresistance.C．Thedistributionoflevelsofantibioticresistanceglobally.D．Therelationbetweenairpollutionandantibioticresistance.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“amplification”inparagraph3mean?A．Increase.B．Improvement.C．Application.D．Disappearance.14．Whatcanbelearnedfromthefourthparagraph?A．NorthAfricaislesspollutedthanNorthAmerica.B．AntibioticresistanceriseswiththeincreaseinPM2.5.C．PM2.5pollutionisthedirectcauseofantibioticresistance.D．Airpollutionisthebiggestcontributortoantibioticresistance.15．Whatwillthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A．Howtoimprovetheairquality./B．Howotherfactorscontributetoairpollution.C．Howtostopthespreadofantibioticresistance.D．Howantibioticresistancespreadsinairpollution.【答案】12．D13．A14．B15．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了抗生素耐藥性增加的危害以及它傳播的途徑，尤其提到空氣污染對(duì)其傳播的作用。12“AccordingtoresearchersfromChinaandtheUK,airpollutionmayalsobespreadingantibioticresistance.Thisisthefirststudytocomprehensivelyestimatethelinkbetweenincreasedantibioticresistanceandairpollutionglobally.(據(jù)來自中國和英國的研究人員稱，空氣污染也可能會(huì)傳播抗生)”氣污染與抗生素耐藥性關(guān)系的研究。故選D項(xiàng)。13．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文的句子“Thisisthefirststudytocomprehensivelyestimatethelinkbetweenincreasedantibioticresistanceandairpollutionglobally.Theylookedat12researchstudiesconductedacrosscountries.(這是第一項(xiàng)全面評(píng)估全球抗生素耐藥性增加與空氣污染之間聯(lián)系的研究。他們研究了在個(gè)國家進(jìn)行的12項(xiàng)研究)”可知，這項(xiàng)研究全面評(píng)估了全球抗生素耐藥性增加與空氣污染之間聯(lián)系，所以，相關(guān)的研究肯定是評(píng)估了大氣中抗生素耐藥細(xì)菌或基因增加的情況。所以劃線單詞的意義為“增加”，與A項(xiàng)的increase意義一致。故選A項(xiàng)。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的句子“Thestudylookedspecificallyatthemostdangeroustypeofairpollution-PM2.5.ThestudyfoundthatantibioticresistancerosealongsideincreasingPM2.5concentrations(濃度)intheair.Every10%riseintheconcentrationofPM2.5waslinkedwitha1.1%globalincreaseinantibioticresistanceand43,654deathsfromitsinfections.(這項(xiàng)研究特別關(guān)注了最危險(xiǎn)的空氣污染類型——PM2.5。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，抗生素耐藥性隨著空氣中PM2.5濃度的增加而增加。PM2.5濃度每上升10%，全球抗生素耐藥性就會(huì)增加1.1%,43,654人死于其感染)”可知，抗生素耐藥性隨著PM2.5的增加而增加。故選B項(xiàng)。15“However,it’sstillunclearwhatunderlyingmechanisms(機(jī)制)mayallowantibioticresistancetospreadinairpollution.Itwillbeimportantforfuturestudiestoinvestigatethis.()”素耐藥性如何在空氣污染中傳播的對(duì)于于未來的研究很重要，所以，后續(xù)研究的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是研究抗生素耐藥性如何在空氣污染中傳播。故選D項(xiàng)。Passage（7）/【湖南省長沙四大名校學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期2月月考】Theoceancoversapproximately70%