鍋爐原理任務(wù)書指導(dǎo)書

PAGEPAGE1鍋爐原理課程設(shè)計(jì)說明書課程設(shè)計(jì)題目：SZL10－10－16鍋爐設(shè)計(jì)設(shè)計(jì)日期：姓名：學(xué)號：學(xué)院：專業(yè)：指導(dǎo)老師：目錄一、設(shè)計(jì)目的·················································3二、原始資料·················································31、鍋爐規(guī)范··············································32、燃料特性··············································3三、確定鍋爐整體結(jié)構(gòu)·········································3四、輔助計(jì)算·················································41、漏風(fēng)系數(shù)和過量空氣系數(shù)·································42、理論空氣量、理論煙氣量·································53、氣體及灰分的比焓·······································54、煙氣特性表·············································55、焓溫表·················································66、熱平衡計(jì)算表···········································6五、爐膛結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和傳熱計(jì)算···································71、爐膛結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)···········································72、爐膛傳熱計(jì)算···········································9六、冷卻室結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和傳熱計(jì)算································101、冷卻室結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)········································102、冷卻室傳熱計(jì)算········································11七、對流管束結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及計(jì)算··································111、對流管束結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)······································112、對流管束熱力計(jì)算······································12八、鑄鐵省煤器熱力計(jì)算······································131、省煤器結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)········································132、省煤器熱力計(jì)算········································13九、主要參考資料············································14SZL10－10－16鍋爐設(shè)計(jì)一、設(shè)計(jì)目的用《鍋爐原理》課程學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)所掌握的理論和技術(shù)知識解決實(shí)際工程問題，進(jìn)一步提高設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算、制圖和使用參考資料能力，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生創(chuàng)造能力。通過課程設(shè)計(jì)，掌握鍋爐本體的設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容、程序和基本原則，鞏固所學(xué)理論知識，并運(yùn)用這些知識解決實(shí)際問題。二、原始資料：1、鍋爐規(guī)范鍋爐蒸發(fā)量D＝10t/h；額定出口蒸汽壓力P＝1.6MPa（表壓）；額定出口蒸汽溫度t＝204℃（飽和）；給水壓力Pgs＝1.8MPa（表壓）；給水溫度tgs＝105℃；排污率Ppw＝5％；冷空氣溫度tlk＝30℃。2、燃料特性收到基成份（%）CarHarOarNarSarAarMar58.24.36.31.10.828.11.2煤的灰熔點(diǎn)（℃）DTSTHTFT煤的可磨系數(shù)K1500137014001.46干燥無灰基揮發(fā)份Vdaf=24.0%收到基低位發(fā)熱量Qnet,ar=22825KJ/Kg三、確定鍋爐整體結(jié)構(gòu)鍋爐整體布置形式，本設(shè)計(jì)為縱置式低壓鍋爐，含2個(gè)鍋筒，本體受熱面布置采用M型，不設(shè)置空氣預(yù)熱器。水冷壁形式為光管水冷壁，管子類型為Φ60×3.5，水冷壁和對流管束用同規(guī)格的管子。對流管束上下兩端的連接方式為········省煤器為鑄鐵省煤器。鏈條爐排的型式為輕型鏈帶式。采用的空氣溫度為30℃。鍋爐（包含對流受熱面）的主視圖和左視圖的簡圖如下圖所示：四、輔助計(jì)算1、漏風(fēng)系數(shù)和過量空氣系數(shù)：序號受熱面名稱入口α'漏風(fēng)Δα出口α"1爐膛1.30.11.42冷卻室1.401.43對流管束1.40.11.54省煤器1.50.11.552、理論空氣量、理論煙氣量計(jì)算：序號名稱符號單位計(jì)算公式數(shù)值1理論空氣量V0Nm3/kg0.0889（Car+0.375Sar）+0.265Har-0.0333Oar6.1302RO2容積VRO2Nm3/kgVCO2+VSO2=0.01866（Car+0.375Sar）1.0923理論N2體積V0N2Nm3/kg0.79V0+0.008*Nar4.8524理論H2O體積V0H2ONm3/kg0.111*Har+0.0124*Mar+0.0161*V00.5915理論煙氣量V0yNm3/kgV0y=VRO2+V0N2+V0H2O6.5343、氣體及灰分的比焓：t/℃hco2/(kJ/m3)hN2/(kJ/m3)ho2/(kJ/m3)hH2O/(kJ/m3)hk/(kJ/m3)hfh/(kJ/m3)VRO2(Nm/Kg)VN20(Nm/Kg)VH2O0(Nm/Kg)100170130132151132811.0924.8520.5912003572602673042661691.0924.8520.5913005593924074634032641.0924.8520.5914007725275516265423601.0924.8520.5915009946646997956844581.0924.8520.59160012258048509698305601.0924.8520.5917001462948100411499786621.0924.8520.591800170510941160133411297671.0924.8520.591900195212421318152612828751.0924.8520.5911000220413921478172314379841.0924.8520.59111002458154416381925159510971.0924.8520.59112002717169718012132175312061.0924.8520.59113002977185319642344191413611.0924.8520.59114003239200921282559207615831.0924.8520.59115003503216622942779223917581.0924.8520.59116003769232524603002240318761.0924.8520.59117004036248426293229256720641.0924.8520.59118004305264427973458273121861.0924.8520.5914、煙氣特性表：序號名稱符號單位計(jì)算公式爐膛出口對流管束省煤器1平均過量空氣系數(shù)αpj－(α'+α")/21.41.451.5252實(shí)際水蒸汽體積VH2ONm3/kgV0H2O+0.0161(α-1)V00.6300.6350.6433實(shí)際煙氣量VyNm3/kgV0y+1.0161(α-1)V09.0269.3379.8054RO2容積份額rRO2－VRO2/Vy0.1210.1170.1115水蒸汽容積份額rH2O－VH2O/Vy0.06980.06800.06566三原子氣體容積份額rq－rRO2+rH2O0.1910.1850.1777無因次飛灰濃度μfh－1-Aar/100+1.306*αV011.92812.32812.9295、焓溫表：t/℃h0y(KJ/Kg)h0k(KJ/Kg)α=1.4△hyα=1.45△hyα=1.55△hy1001078.9966.71465.61562.31610.62002181.81948.12961.11495.53155.91593.63253.31642.73003320.32951.44500.91539.84796.01640.24943.61690.34004493.53969.46081.31580.46478.21682.26676.71733.15005694.35009.37698.01616.78198.91720.78449.41772.76006927.76078.59359.11661.19966.91768.010270.91821.57008196.27162.411061.21702.111777.41810.512135.51864.78009487.68268.312794.91733.713621.71844.314035.11899.690010800.59388.814556.01761.115494.91873.215964.31929.2100012134.910523.916344.51788.517396.91902.017923.11958.8110013486.911681.018159.31814.819327.41930.519911.51988.4120014854.612838.219989.91830.621273.71946.321915.62004.1130016244.314017.221851.21861.323252.91979.223953.82038.2140017638.615203.723720.11868.925240.51987.526000.72046.9150019044.716397.425603.71883.627243.42002.928063.32062.6160020467.017598.427506.41902.729266.22022.830146.22082.9170021893.318799.529413.11906.731293.02026.832233.02086.8180023329.320000.631329.51916.433329.62036.634329.62096.66、熱平衡計(jì)算表：序號名稱符號單位計(jì)算公式或數(shù)據(jù)來源結(jié)果1收到基低位發(fā)熱量Qnet,arKJ/Kg228252機(jī)械不完全燃燒熱損失q4%《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》P2545.53化學(xué)不完全燃燒熱損失q3%查《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》P254q3在0.5%-1%間0.84散熱損失q5%查《鍋爐》P155，圖8-31.75灰渣焓(c?)hzKJ/Kg按照600℃?！度紵稰685606灰渣物理熱損失q6%Q6=（1-afh）（C?）hzAar/Qnet,ar0.5527排煙溫度?py℃工業(yè)鍋爐在150℃-200℃間1708排煙焓hpyKJ/Kg查焓溫表2107.009冷空氣溫度tlk℃鍋爐規(guī)范已知3010冷空氣焓h0lkKJ/Kg查焓溫表376.211排煙熱損失q2%(Ipy-αpyI0lk)(100-q4)/Qnet,ar6.3112反平衡熱效率η％100-(q2+q3+q4+q5+q6)85.13913干飽和蒸汽焓h"KJ/Kg1.7Mpa,204℃《水和水蒸氣熱力性質(zhì)圖表》2794.9114蒸汽濕度W％≤3%215汽化潛熱rKJ/Kg1925.9316給水焓hgsKJ/Kg1.9Mpa,105℃439.6117排污焓hpwKJ/Kg1.7Mpa,飽和水867.518鍋爐有效吸熱量QKJ/hD（h"-hgs-rw/100）+Dρ（hpw-hgs）2.34E+0719燃煤量BKg/hQ/ηQnet,ar=2520/(0.768×2.4720)1203.220計(jì)算燃煤量BjKg/hB(1-q4/100)1137.021保熱系數(shù)?—η/(η+q5)0.980五、爐膛結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和傳熱計(jì)算1、爐膛結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)：序號名稱符號單位公式或數(shù)據(jù)來源結(jié)果1前墻總面積Fqm2爐膛寬度×前墻延伸高度12.82前墻曝光水冷壁面積Fq1m25.83管徑dmm604管子根數(shù)根175管子節(jié)距smm1526前墻水冷壁角系數(shù)xq1s/d＝0.71e/d＝0.50.71《鍋爐》P1747前墻覆蓋耐火涂料的水冷壁面積Fq2m27.008爐頂總面積Fdm28.519爐頂曝光水冷壁面積Fd1m26.5610管徑dmm6011管子根數(shù)根3412管子節(jié)距smm72.6013爐頂水冷壁角系數(shù)xd1s/d＝0.97e/d＝0.50.97《鍋爐》P17414側(cè)墻總面積Fcm29.5715側(cè)墻曝光水冷壁面積Fc1m25.3716管徑dmm0.9717管子根數(shù)根3418管子節(jié)距smm72.6019側(cè)墻水冷壁角系數(shù)xc1s/d＝0.97e/d＝0.50.97《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》P293線算圖120側(cè)墻覆蓋耐火涂料的水冷壁面積Fc2m24.521后墻總面積Fhm2爐膛寬度×后墻延伸高度19.5422后墻曝光水冷壁面積Fh1m2023后墻水冷壁角系數(shù)xh1s/d＝0e/d＝無0《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》P293線算圖124后墻覆蓋耐火磚的水冷壁面積Fh3m2025爐膛出口煙窗面積Fckm2出口煙窗高度×出口煙窗寬度0.6326爐排面積Rm2長12寬2.412此處核對爐排面積熱負(fù)荷(《鍋爐課件》第四章有具體要求)qR對1類煙煤范圍是550-800KW/m2，II類是700-1050KW/m2qR=BQar,net/3600/R635.7227爐膛容積Vlm330.62此處核對爐膛容積熱負(fù)荷(《鍋爐課件》第四章有具體要求)對拋煤機(jī)鏈條爐qV范圍是290-470KW/m2qv=BQar,net/3600/V1249.142859.99Flm2Fq＋Fd＋2×Fc＋Fh59.992937.53Hfm2ΣFixi＝(Fq1xq1＋Fq2)＋Fd1xd1＋2(Fc1xc1＋Fc2)＋(Fh1xh1＋Fh3)＋Fck37.53300.6ζ1《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》P38表6-20.6310.2ζ2《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》P38表6-20.2320.1ζ3《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》P38表6-20.13316.12ψFlm2ΣFixiζi＝(Fq1xq1ζ1＋Fq2ζ2)＋Fd1xd1ζ1＋2(Fc1xc1ζ1＋Fc2ζ2)＋(Fh1xh1ζ1＋Fh3ζ3)＋Fckζ116.12340.269ψ(ΣFixiζi)/Fl0.269351.531sm3.6×Vl/(Fl＋R)1.531360.200ρR/Fl0.2002、爐膛傳熱計(jì)算：序號名稱符號單位公式或數(shù)據(jù)來源結(jié)果1燃料輸入熱QrKJ/Kg近似等于燃料收到基低位發(fā)熱量228252空氣帶入爐內(nèi)的熱量QkKJ/Kg(α"-△αl)h0rk+△αlh0lk=α"lh0lk526.683爐膛有效放熱量QlKJ/KgQr*(100-q3-q4-q6)/(100-q4)+Qk23025.24理論燃燒溫度?a℃按Ql查焓溫表1600.05理論燃燒溫度TaK?a＋273＝1873.06爐膛出口煙溫?”l℃先假設(shè)，再校核10007爐膛出口煙溫T”lK?”l＋273＝12738爐膛出口煙氣焓h”lKJ/Kg按?”l查焓溫表17849.79煙氣平均熱容量VCpKJ/KgK(Ql－h(huán)”l)/(Ta－T”l)＝8.6310三原子氣體輻射減弱系數(shù)kqrq1/(mMPa)10((0.78+1.6*rH20)/sqrt(10*p*rq*s)-0.1)(1-0.37*T”l/1000)rq1.56411灰粒輻射減弱系數(shù)khμh1/(mMPa)10*4300*1.3*μh/power（（T”l2*dh2），1/3）0.30412焦炭粒子輻射減弱系數(shù)10C1C21/(mMPa)煙煤Ⅰ類C10.15層燃爐C20.030.1513火焰輻射減弱系數(shù)k1/(mMPa)kqrq＋khμh＋10C1C2＝2.01814爐膛絕對壓力pMPa0.115火焰黑度ahy1－e－kps＝0.26616爐膛黑度al(ahy+(1-ahy)*ρ)/(1-(1-ahy)*(1-ψ)(1-ρ))0.72317爐膛出口煙溫?”l℃Ta/(M*power(2.041*0.0000001*al*ψFl*ta3/?/Bj/VCp,0.6)+1)-273831.2718爐膛出口煙氣焓h”lKJ/Kg按?”l查焓溫表11168.6919爐膛輻射換熱量QfKJ/Kg?(Ql-hl")11624.44六、冷卻室結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和傳熱計(jì)算1、冷卻室結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)：序號名稱符號單位公式或數(shù)據(jù)來源結(jié)果1冷卻室前墻面積Fqm25.242冷卻室頂棚面積Fdm21.963冷卻室側(cè)墻面積Fcm21.544冷卻室側(cè)墻包墻管面積Fc1m2Fc1=Fc1.545管徑dmm606管子根數(shù)根107管子節(jié)距smm70.008冷卻室側(cè)墻包墻管角系數(shù)xc1s/d＝0.95e/d＝0.50.95《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》P293線算圖19冷卻室后墻面積Fhm26.2610冷卻室后墻包墻管面積Fh1m26.2611管徑dmm6012管子根數(shù)根3713管子節(jié)距smm70.2714冷卻室后墻包墻管角系數(shù)xh1s/d＝0.95e/d＝0.50.56《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》P293線算圖115冷卻室下平面面積Fxm24.3216冷卻室容積Vlqm34.86617冷卻室墻總面積Flqm2Fq＋Fd＋2×Fc＋Fh＋Fx20.8618冷卻室輻射受熱面積Hfm2ΣFixi＝2Fc1xc1＋Fh1xh18.8719有效輻射層厚度sm3.6×Vlq/Flq0.8402、冷卻室傳熱計(jì)算：序號名稱符號單位公式或數(shù)據(jù)來源結(jié)果1冷卻室進(jìn)口煙溫?'℃爐膛出口煙溫831.272冷卻室進(jìn)口煙焓h'KJ/Kg爐膛出口煙焓11168.693冷卻室出口煙溫?"℃先假設(shè)，再校核7504冷卻室出口煙焓h"KJ/Kg查焓溫表9999.255煙氣側(cè)放熱量QrpKJ/Kg?*(h'y-h"y+△αhk0)1146.556管內(nèi)工質(zhì)溫度t℃鍋爐出口壓力對應(yīng)的飽和水溫度2037對數(shù)平均溫差Δt℃(?'-?")/㏑((?'-t)/(?"-t))586.708平均煙溫?℃t＋Δt789.709管壁灰層表面溫度tb℃t＋8028310不含灰氣體輻射減弱系數(shù)k1/(mMPa)10((0.78+1.6*rH20)/sqrt(10*p*rq*s)-0.1)(1-0.37*(?+273)/1000)rq2.41911煙氣黑度ay1－e－kps0.18412輻射放熱系數(shù)αfKW/(m2℃)《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》P314線算圖19，αHayCr158.4013冷卻室傳熱量QcrKJ/Kgαf(?－tb)Hf/Bj1096.0714相對誤差Δ％abs(Qrp－Qcr)/Qrp×100％（要求不超過5％）0.04七、對流管束結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)及計(jì)算1、對流管束結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)：序號名稱符號單位公式或數(shù)據(jù)來源結(jié)果1管徑dmm選定管徑602平均管長mm選定18003橫向管束根數(shù)n1'根154縱向管束根數(shù)n2'根325橫向節(jié)距S1mm146.66666676縱向節(jié)距S2mm78.1257橫向相對節(jié)距σ1S1/d2.448縱向相對節(jié)距σ2S2/d1.309區(qū)段I受熱面積H1m2n1*n2'*π*d*l86.8610區(qū)段II受熱面積H2m2n2*n2'*π*d*l76.0011管束總對流受熱面積Hzsm2H1+H2162.8612區(qū)段I流通斷面積F1m2(S1-d)*l*(n1-1)1.09213區(qū)段II流通斷面積F2m2(S1-d)*l*(n2-1)0.93614煙氣流通截面積Fym(H1+H2)/(H1/F1+H2/F2)1.01315煙氣容積Vym36.85016輻射層厚度Sm0.9*d*(4*S1*S2/π*d2-1)0.1652、對流管束熱力計(jì)算：序號名稱符號單位公式或數(shù)據(jù)來源結(jié)果1進(jìn)口煙溫?'℃冷卻室出口煙溫7502進(jìn)口煙氣焓h'KJ/Kg冷卻室出口煙焓9999.253出口煙溫?”℃先假定，在校核4004出口煙氣焓h"KJ/Kg查焓溫表5430.85煙氣側(cè)放熱量QrpKJ/Kg?*(h'y-h"y+△αhk0)4515.906管內(nèi)工質(zhì)溫度t℃p=1.6MPa的飽和溫度2037對數(shù)平均溫度差Δt℃(?'-?")/㏑((?'-t)/(?"-t))342.728平均煙溫?pj℃t＋Δt545.729煙氣流速wym/sBj*Vy*(?pj+273)/Fy/273/36006.4010基準(zhǔn)對流放熱系數(shù)αHw/(m2*℃)《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》P3045011節(jié)距修正系數(shù)Cs《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》P3040.90管排修正系數(shù)Cz《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》P3050.96煙氣物性修正系數(shù)Cφ《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》P3050.9712對流放熱系數(shù)αdw/(m2*℃)α0*Cs*Cz*Ccp41.9013管子灰壁溫度thb℃t+6026314基準(zhǔn)輻射放熱系數(shù)αHw/(m2*℃)《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》P31465.61715修正系數(shù)Crw/(m2*℃)《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》P3140.9516三原子氣體總分壓力pq1/m.Mpap*rq0.01817三原子氣體輻射減弱系數(shù)kq1/m.Mpa((7.8+16*rH2O)/3.16/sqrt(pq*s)-1)*(1-0.37*(?pj+273)/1000)34.8118煙氣的輻射總厚度kpskq*rq*p*s0.10619煙氣黑度ay1-exp(-kps)0.100720管間輻射放熱系數(shù)αf'w/(m2*℃)αH*Cr*ay6.2821利用系數(shù)ξ《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》P660.8522煙氣側(cè)放熱系數(shù)α1w/(m2*℃)ξ*(αf'+αd)40.9523熱有效系數(shù)ψ《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》