強(qiáng)化練(二十七)　從句套用類命題2025高考英語大二輪專題強(qiáng)化練專題四　語法填空

強(qiáng)化練(二十七)從句套用類命題2025高考英語大二輪專題強(qiáng)化練專題四語法填空強(qiáng)化練(二十七)從句套用類命題考情速遞：近年高考在題目設(shè)置上增加了句式結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜性和干擾性。長難句障礙題成為考生常見的失分點(diǎn)，自然也是備考的重點(diǎn)。常見的易造成失分的長難句主要有以下三種類型：①從句套用類長難句。②含多個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)類長難句。③非核心成分過多類長難句。說明：加黑部分為從句套用對(duì)點(diǎn)題，要認(rèn)真分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)。(2023·湖北十堰元月調(diào)研)Theclimatecrisishasreachednewlevelsofdestructionthisyearformillionsofpeopleinpoorcountriesthatdidn’tcausetheproblem，1.____________(lead)tolossessohugethatitishardformanyinrichercountriestoevenunderstand.Fornearlythreedecades，thecountriesmostaffectedbyclimatedisastershaveaskedwealthycountriestohelpthempayforthedamage，only2.____________(pay)lipservice.AttheannualUnitedNationsclimateconferencethisweek，theissueisformally3.____________theagenda，abreakthroughinitself.4._______________(encouraging)，asmallnumberofwealthycountrieshavepromisedtogivemoneydespitesmallamounts.Thesecontributionsarewelcome，althoughtheyarenotthekindoffunding5.____________(seek)bypoorercountries—somecountriesreallocatefundsfromotherpotsofclimatefinance，orputmoneytoward6.____________(insure)orearlywarningsystems.Whatthesecountries7.____________(call)foroverthepastdecades，andurgentlyneed，isacollectivefundingstreamwithintheUnitedNations8.____________helpsthemrecoverfromdevastatinglossesthatresultfromdisasters，risingseasandotherclimateimpacts.It’snot9.____________matterofcharity.Takingactionsisfirmlyinrichcountries’owninterests.Asclimatechangebearsdown，morefactoriesandportsaroundtheworldwillclose，devastatingglobalsupplychains.Foodpriceswillrise.Morepeoplewillbedisplaced，whichwillcauseadditionalmigrationcrises.Conflictwillgrowmorelikelyaspeoplefightoverlandandwater.Theconsequenceswilldestabilize(使動(dòng)搖)eventhe10.____________(strong)economies.Preventingthatoutcomenow，byfinancingrecoveryfromclimatedamage，willensureamorestablefutureforeveryone.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。氣候危機(jī)對(duì)貧困國家造成的惡劣影響達(dá)到了新的水平。這一問題也正式提上了聯(lián)合國氣候大會(huì)的日程之上，一少部分發(fā)達(dá)國家承諾為此提供資金，盡管數(shù)量并不太大。1.leading[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。結(jié)合語境和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，________tolosses...作結(jié)果狀語，表示自然而然的結(jié)果，且theclimatecrisis與lead是主謂關(guān)系，故填現(xiàn)在分詞leading。]2.tobepaid[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。only________lipservice作結(jié)果狀語，表示出乎意料的及負(fù)面的結(jié)果，且pay和thecountries之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故此處填tobepaid。]3.on[考查介詞。ontheagenda是固定搭配，意為“在議事日程上”，故填on。]4.Encouragingly[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？仗幩钤~位于句首，修飾后面的整個(gè)句子，故空處填副詞Encouragingly。]5.sought[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，________bypoorercountries作后置定語，修飾thekindoffunding。seek與thekindoffunding是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且此處不強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念，故應(yīng)用過去分詞sought。]6.insurance[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。結(jié)合句意和空前的介詞toward可知，此處應(yīng)用不可數(shù)名詞insurance作賓語。]7.havecalled/havebeencalling[考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致?？仗幩钤~是主語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞；由時(shí)間狀語overthepastdecades可知，此處可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)；thesecountries為復(fù)數(shù)，故填havecalled/havebeencalling。]8.that/which[考查定語從句?？仗幩钤~引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，并在從句中作主語，先行詞為acollectivefundingstreamwithintheUnitedNations，故填that/which。]【對(duì)點(diǎn)題難句拆解】該句屬于從句套用類長難句。首先，借助引導(dǎo)詞和主謂結(jié)構(gòu)理清主句和從句的層次，然后找到主句的主干。對(duì)于每一個(gè)從句，也使用同樣的方法梳理其主干部分。句式分析如下：9.a[考查冠詞。It’s(not)amatterof...為固定句型，意為“這(不)是關(guān)乎……的問題”，故填a。]10.strongest[考查比較等級(jí)。結(jié)合語境可知，此處表示最高級(jí)意義，故填strongest。](2023·湖北名校聯(lián)考)China’sZhurongMarsrover(探測(cè)器)，whichlandedontheredplanet1.____________May,hasunexpectedlydiscoveredevidencethat2.____________(it)currentexplorationsitesufferedlongperiodsofweatheringbywindandevenwater.Therovertoucheddownin2021ataplace3.____________(name)UtopiaPlanitiawhichisalargeplaininthenorthernlowlandsonMars.Eversinceitslanding,therover4.____________(travel)overakilometreontheredplanetandhascollecteddataonthegeologicalstructureandsurfacecompositionofMarsthroughsoil5.____________dustsamples.Talkingabouttherecentdata,JoelDavisattheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondonsaidthatmanyscientistsbelievethatUtopiaPlanitiahostedamassiveoceanbillionsofyearsago.“6.____________(hopeful),asZhurongcontinuestoexplore,itwillbeable7.____________(help)answerthisquestion(aboutanoceanonMars)thathasbeentroublingscientistsfordecades，”NewScientistreported.ThethingthatmakesscientistsbelievethereexistedanancientoceaninZhurong’slandingsite8.____________(be)thepresenceofgrooves(凹槽)ononesidewhichsuggestsmanyliquidwater9.____________(activity)mayhaveexisted.Anotherevidenceisthespecialshapeofrocksinthearea10.____________，scientistssay，onlyarisesfrominteractionswithwater.Severalwind－sculptedstructurescoveringafewmetreswerealsofoundintheareabytherover.【語篇解讀】本文是新聞報(bào)道。中國的祝融號(hào)火星探測(cè)器意外地發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些證據(jù)，這些證據(jù)表明其目前的探測(cè)地點(diǎn)遭受過風(fēng)，甚至水的長期風(fēng)化。1.in[考查介詞。表示“在某月”應(yīng)使用介詞in。]2.its[考查代詞?？仗幩钤~修飾名詞短語explorationsite，表示所屬關(guān)系，故應(yīng)使用形容詞性物主代詞its。]3.named[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。“________UtopiaPlanitia”在句中作后置定語，修飾名詞place。place和name之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且非謂語所表示動(dòng)作已完成，故此處應(yīng)使用過去分詞named。]4.hastravel(l)ed[考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語Eversinceitslanding和后面的hascollected可知，此處應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且therover為單數(shù)形式，故空格處填hastravel(l)ed。]5.and[考查并列連詞。此處應(yīng)用并列連詞and連接并列成分，and表示“和”。]6.Hopefully[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？仗幩钤~位于句首，修飾整個(gè)句子，表示“希望，但愿”，故使用副詞Hopefully。]7.tohelp[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。beabletodo(sth)為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“能做……”，且此處與主語之間是主謂關(guān)系，故用tohelp。]8.is[考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)語境，尤其是makes可知，此處應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語Thething是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填is。]9.activities[考查名詞的數(shù)。由many可知，此處應(yīng)使用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式activities。]【對(duì)點(diǎn)題難句拆解】10.that/which[考查定語從句?？仗幩钤~引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，先行詞的中心詞為shape，引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作主語，故用關(guān)系代詞that/which。](2023·杭州學(xué)軍中學(xué)期末測(cè)試)Goingagainstthetideofflocking(蜂擁)towell－knownyetgenerallycrowdedtouristdestinationsonvacation,a1.____________(grow)numberofholidaymakersinChinatendtospendtheirleisuretimeatlesser－knownresortstoseekunique,relaxingholidayexperiences.Inrecentyears,reverse(反向的)tourism2.____________(emerge)asanewtrendamongyoungholidaymakersinChina.Duringtheweek－longpublicholiday，whichendedonOct.7，largenumbersofvacationers，especiallyyoungprofessionalswholongtoescapebusycitylife，3.____________(avoid)popularholidaydestinationsinordertogettoplacesoffthebeatentrackandenjoysomepeaceandquiet.AccordingtodatafromtheonlinetravelagencyQunar,thenumberofrooms4.____________(book)athotelsinless－traveledcitiesduringtheholidaywasup30percentyearonyear.Besidescrowds,somevacationerschoseless－traveledplacestosaveonthecostoftripstopopulardestinations，5.____________ofteninvolvesexpensivetickets，mealsandhotelstays.Inaddition,lesser－knownattractionsarenot6.____________“commercial”or“standardized”asdevelopedonesandtheyareabletooffermoreauthenticexperiencesandnaturalencounters,accordingtosocialmediaposts.And7.____________(like)populardestinations,someunderexploredplaceswithlittleonline8.____________(expose)canoffermoresurprises.JiangHan，9.____________seniorresearcherattheBeijing－basedpublicpolicythinktankPangoal,saidthatreversetourismwillbecomeoneofthefuturedirectionsforthemarket10.____________isanopportunityforgrowthcomparabletothecampingeconomy.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文，主要介紹了中國度假者，特別是年輕度假者，選擇的一種新的旅游形式——反向旅游。1.growing[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。空處所填詞作定語，修飾名詞number，表示“增長的，增加的”，故應(yīng)使用形容詞growing。]2.hasemerged[考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。空格所在句為簡(jiǎn)單句，所填詞作謂語。由時(shí)間狀語Inrecentyears可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；謂語動(dòng)詞emerge與主語reversetourism之間為主謂關(guān)系，主語為單數(shù)，故空格處填hasemerged。]3.avoided[考查時(shí)態(tài)。空處在句中作謂語，由時(shí)間狀語“Duringtheweek－longpublicholiday，whichendedonOct.7”可知，此處應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)，且avoid與其所對(duì)應(yīng)的主語為主謂關(guān)系，故填avoided。]【對(duì)點(diǎn)題難句拆解】本句中非核心成分較多，致使句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。部分考生看到第3題設(shè)空處出現(xiàn)在定語從句之后，不細(xì)查之下，有可能認(rèn)為第3空應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞來作從句謂語的狀語。實(shí)際上，從整個(gè)長難句的層面來分析句子，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，所填詞應(yīng)作謂語。句式分析如下：4.booked[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)填非謂語動(dòng)詞。book與rooms之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且非謂語動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，所以應(yīng)用過去分詞，故填booked。]5.which[考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處所填詞引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。從句中缺少主語，先行詞是thecostoftripstopopulardestinations，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。]6.as/so[考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處考查的是“as＋形容詞/副詞原級(jí)＋as...”結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)意為“和……一樣……”，用于否定句時(shí)第一個(gè)as也可以改為so。]7.unlike[考查介詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)用介詞。結(jié)合語境可知，所填詞表示“與……不同”，故填unlike。]8.exposure[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?！皐ith＋adj.＋n.”結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作后置定語，所填詞意為“曝光”，故填不可數(shù)名詞exposure。]9.a[考查冠詞。researcher為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式，所填詞表示“一位，一個(gè)”，加之senior的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故填a。]10.and[考查并列連詞。空處所填詞連接兩個(gè)并列謂語，表示“而且”，故填and。]強(qiáng)化練(二十三)環(huán)境保護(hù)類考情速遞：環(huán)境保護(hù)是人類有意識(shí)地保護(hù)自然資源并使其得到合理的利用，防止自然環(huán)境受到污染和破壞；創(chuàng)造出適合于人類生活、工作的環(huán)境，協(xié)調(diào)人與自然的關(guān)系，讓人們做到與自然和諧相處的概念。這類題材也是高考命題的熱點(diǎn)。(2023·湖北省八市高三3月聯(lián)考)TerryTownshendisanecologistfromtheUK.InlateOctober,heclimbedtotheroofofabuildingtocheckoutahand－sizedrecordingdevice1._____________(lay)theretocatchthesoundsofmigratorybirds(候鳥)atBeijing’sOlympicPark.Everytwoweeks,hecameheretocollectdataandshareit2.____________universities’researchcentresforthisyear’sbirdtrackingstudy.Asabirdwatcher3.____________haslivedinBeijingforoveradecade,Townshendfoundedawebsite4.____________formedagroupforfellowenthusiasts.Heworkstoraiseenvironmental5.____________(aware)amongpeopletohelpsavesomeofChina’smostendangeredbirds,initiatingprojectstotracksomeofBeijing’scelebratedbirds.ThoughobservingthemigratorybirdsinBeijing6.____________(be)oneofTownshend’smainactivitiesnow,hisbondwithChinawasestablishedtwelveyearsago.Atthattime,thenon－governmentalorganizationTownshendonceworkedwithwasinvitedbytheChinesegovernment7.____________(cooperate)inboostingsupportforChina’sgeneralenvironmentallawsonclimatechange.Astheprojectleader,TownshendcametoChinaforthefirsttime.Aftergettingtoknowthecountry,hedecidedtostayherefor8._______________(far)research.“China9.____________(value)therecoveryofnatureinpastdecades.Withtheeffortstocarryoutvarioustargetedprotectionstowardnature,10._____________futurelooksbrightforChina’sbiodiversity.”Townshendsaid.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章講述來自英國的生態(tài)學(xué)家特里·湯森德在北京觀察候鳥，致力于提高人們的環(huán)保意識(shí)，幫助拯救中國一些最瀕危的鳥類。1.laid[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。設(shè)空處為非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語，修飾名詞recordingdevice，和名詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞，故填laid。]2.with[考查介詞。短語share...with...意為“和……分享……”，故填with。]3.who/that[考查定語從句。分析可知，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞birdwatcher，指人，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語，故填who/that。]4.and[考查并列連詞。分析可知，foundedawebsite和formedagroupforfellowenthusiasts為并列關(guān)系，故填and。]5.awareness[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。設(shè)空處為賓語，應(yīng)用名詞，故填awareness。]6.is[考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。設(shè)空處為從句謂語，主語是動(dòng)名詞短語，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，描述一般事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填is。]7.tocooperate[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。設(shè)空處作目的狀語，應(yīng)用不定式，故填tocooperate。]8.further[考查比較等級(jí)。設(shè)空處為形容詞作定語，表示“進(jìn)一步的”，應(yīng)為形容詞比較級(jí)，故填further。]9.hasbeenvaluing/hasvalued[考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。設(shè)空處為謂語，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語inpastdecades可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或者現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，主語China為第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填hasbeenvaluing/hasvalued。]10.the[考查冠詞。設(shè)空處修飾名詞，表特指，應(yīng)用定冠詞，故填the。](2023·江蘇省七市高三聯(lián)考)HometotheheadwatersoftheYangtze,YellowandLancangrivers,theSanjiangyuanareaontheQinghai－TibetPlateau(青藏高原)isknownas“China’swatertower”.Itisa1.____________(whole)uniqueplateauwetlandecosystemandservesas2.____________importantecologicaldefenseforthecountry.Decadesago,seriousenvironmentaldegradation(惡化)inSanjiangyuan，3.____________wascausedbyclimatechangeandhumanactivities,resultedinalargenumberoflakesdryingoutandwildlifenumbersfallingsharply.In2016,thepilotprogramfortheSanjiangyuanNationalParkmanagementsystem4.____________(launch).Throughpainstakingpractice,developmentandinnovation,effortshavebeenmade5._______________(turn)theparkintoasymboloftheprogressofChina’secologicalcivilization.Overthepastyears,theecologicalenvironmentoftheQinghai－TibetPlateau6.____________(experience)comprehensivechanges.Waterconservationintheareahasrisen7.____________11percenteveryyear,comparedwith10yearsago.Localresidentsenjoythegiftsgivenbynature,andthe8.____________(establish)ofthenationalparkhasenabledthemtotransformfromexploiting(開發(fā))naturetobecomingitsprotectorsandbenefitingfromit.Someworkastourguides,9.____________(assist)visitorsfromhomeandabroad.Today,aspeoplewalkonthevastlandofSanjiangyuan,lookingattheexpansivemountains,glaciers,lakesandpastures，10.____________catchingsightofwildanimalsandbirds,theycannothelpbutbeimpressedbythevastnessandbeautyofnature.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要講述了三江源生態(tài)惡化，國家采取了一系列措施保護(hù)該地區(qū)，并取得了成效。1.wholly[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？蘸鬄樾稳菰~，結(jié)合句意及提示詞，空處應(yīng)為副詞，修飾unique。故填wholly。]2.an[考查冠詞?？蘸骾mportant的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，結(jié)合句意可知，空處應(yīng)為不定冠詞，故填an。]3.which[考查定語從句。分析句子可知，空處缺主語，為非限制性定語從句，seriousenvironmentaldegradationinSanjiangyuan為先行詞，故填which。]4.waslaunched[考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。主語SanjiangyuanNationalParkmanagementsystem是單數(shù)，和launch為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，時(shí)間2016為過去時(shí)，故填waslaunched。]5.toturn[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。efforts為主語，havebeenmade為謂語，空處為不定式作目的狀語，故填toturn。]6.hasexperienced[考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)Overthepastyears可知，時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語theecologicalenvironmentoftheQinghai－TibetPlateau為單數(shù)，故填hasexperienced。]7.by[考查介詞。riseby為固定搭配，其后常跟表示增長的幅度，也就是說增長了多少，by后通常接分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、倍數(shù)等。故填by。]8.establishment[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)句意，結(jié)合空前冠詞及空后介詞of可知，空處為名詞。故填establishment。]9.assisting[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。assist與tourguides構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填assisting。]10.and[考查并列連詞。句中l(wèi)ookingattheexpansivemountains,glaciers,lakesandpastures和catchingsightofwildanimalsandbirds為并列結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)用and連接。故填and。](2023·嘉興高三調(diào)研)Chinahasseengreatbenefitssincethelaunchofitscarbontradingmarketayearago.Theprogramhasplayed1.____________importantroleinraisinglow－carbonawareness.Althoughitonlygetsthepowergenerationindustryinvolvednow,theinitiativeofpricingcarbonemissions(排放物)hasboostedthe2.____________(develop)ofcarbon－relatedservicesinindustriesbeyond.Rightnowmorethan9，800companiesareprovidingsuchservices,ofwhichover1，8003.____________(establish)lastyear.Carbontradingistheprocessofbuyingandsellingpermitstosendoutgreenhousegases.Opened4.____________July16,2021,themarketnowincludes5.____________(national)2，162power－generatingcompanies,coveringabout4.5billiontonsofcarb