江蘇專版2025版高考英語考前保分訓(xùn)練專題3閱讀理解第2節(jié)說明文練習(xí)牛津譯林版

PAGEPAGE1第2節(jié)說明文題組訓(xùn)練一1話題：新型馬路難度：★★建議用時：7分鐘Ofalltheplasticproducedsincethe1950s，lessthan10%hasbeenrecycled.Thevastmajorityendsupbeingthrown，mostofitinlandfill.Someislefttolitterthenaturalenvironment，whereitcangetintoriversandthesea.Recycledplasticisalreadyusedtomakesomeproducts，suchasgutteringandsewagepipes.Nowattentionisturningtoroads.OnSeptember11thinZwolle，acityintheNetherlands，a30-metrebicycletrackwith70%madefromrecycledplasticandtherestfrompolypropylenewasopened.ItwillbeusedtotestaproductcalledPlasticRoad，whichisbeingdevelopedbytwoDutchfirms—KWSInfra，aroadbuilder，andWavin，afirmthatmakesplasticpiping—inpartnershipwithTotal，aFrenchoilandgasfirm.PlasticRoadisprefabricated(預(yù)制的)inafactoryasmodularsections.Thesectionsarethentransportedtothesiteandlaidendtoendonasuitablefoundation，suchassand.Becausethesesectionsareemptyinside，internalchannelscanbeinstalledintothemfordrainage(排水)，alongwithpipesforservicessuchasgasandelectricity.FortheZwolleproject，sectionsthatare2.4metreslongand3metreswidewereused.Thesewerefittedwithsensorstomeasurethingssuchastemperature，flexibilityandtheflowofwaterthroughthedrainagechannels.Ifallgoeswell，theinventorshopetodeveloptheideaandmakethesectionsentirelyfromrecycledplastic.Paths，carparksandrailwayplatformscouldfollow.Eventually，sectionsforuseasactualroadsareplanned.Thesecouldcontainsensorsfortrafficmonitoring.Intime，thecircuitsintheplasticroadsmightextendtoassistingautonomousvehiclesandrechargingelectriccarswirelessly.Prefabricatedplasticroadsshouldlasttwotothreetimeslongerthanconventionalroadsandcostless，thecompaniesclaim，mainlybecauseconstructiontimewouldbereducedbyalmosttwo-thirds.Anti-slipsurfacescouldbeused，too，includingcrushedstoneswhicharetraditionallyusedtodressroadsurfaces.Thesections，whenreplaced，canalsoberecycled.Butengineerswillbewatchingtoseehowthetrackstandsuptowearandtearandifthehollowstructurecausesresonance(共振)，whichwouldmakesucharoadextremelynoisy.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，介紹了出現(xiàn)在荷蘭的新型馬路——PlasticRoad。1.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.ThebenefitsofPlasticRoad.B.TheprocessofmakingPlasticRoad.C.TheinspirationbehindPlasticRoad.D.ThefuturedevelopmentofPlasticRoad.答案D解析段落大意題。依據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“hopetodeveloptheidea...Paths，carparksandrailwayplatformscouldfollow”“sectionsforuseasactualroadsareplanned”“Intime，thecircuitsintheplasticroadsmightextendto...wirelessly”可知，本段主要涉及塑料馬路將來的發(fā)展。故選D。2.Howaretheplasticroadsdifferentfromthetraditionalones?A.Theycanstayingoodconditionforalongertime.B.Theirweight-bearingcapacityisrelativelyweaker.C.Theyareentirelymadefromrecycledplasticatpresent.D.Theirconstructionismorecomplexandtime-consuming.答案A解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Prefabricatedplasticroadsshouldlasttwotothreetimeslongerthanconventionalroads”可知，這種塑料馬路運用壽命比傳統(tǒng)馬路長兩到三倍。也就是說，相較于傳統(tǒng)馬路，塑料馬路更耐用。故選A。3.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Toshowdifferentwaystorecycleplastic.B.Toexplainthesignificanceofrecyclingplastic.C.Toinformreadersofanewproducttobuildroads.D.Tostresstheurgencyofprotectingtheenvironment.答案C解析寫作意圖題?？v觀全文可知，本文主要介紹了一種新型馬路——塑料馬路。故C項最能概括作者寫作本文的主要目的。2話題：廣告難度：★★建議用時：8分鐘Imagineafuturewhereourstreetsarefilledwithads200mtall，wherebillboardschangebeforeoureyestogiveuspersonalizedmessages，andwherecompaniestrackoureverymoveaswewalkthroughacity，pinging(發(fā)送)specialofferstoourphonesasweneartheirshops.Infact，alloftheseformsofadvertisingarealreadybeingtested.Let’stakethefirstoftheseideas.Backin1982，sciencefictionmovieBladeRunnerpredictedafuturisticcityscapewheregiantadvertsstretchedthefullheightofskyscrapers.AndUKcompanyLightvertarenowdoingsomethingverysimilar，withonecrucialdifference.Insteadofmakingimmensephysicaladverts，theircommercialsaresentstraightintoconsumers’eyes.Theydothisbyattachingastripofreflectivematerialontoabuildingandprojectinganimageontoit.Thisimagethen“bounces”outintotheworld.Whenyoupassdirectlyinfrontoftheimage，youseeit.Itappearstobehugeandhunginmid-air，butotherscan’tseeit.Lightvertclaimsthisformofadvertisingdoesnotstandoutandcan“unlock”largeamountsof“high-valueadvertisingrealestate”.Butnoteveryoneissoldontheideaoflivinginaworldofendlessads.InMoscow，forexample，anewformofadvertisingtargetingmotoristshassplitopinion.DriversapproachingaparticulardigitalbillboardinthecityareshownadvertsforanewkindofJaguarcar，butonlyiftheyaredrivingadifferentmakeofvehicle.Sensorsinthebillboarddetectwhatkindofcaryouaredriving，andsendyouanadbasedonthatinformation.Whilethismayseeminvasive(侵入的)，it’sactuallythesafetyaspectthathasconcernedsomeobservers.ResearchersinSwedenhaveshownthatdigitalbillboardsattractoureyesforlongerthanotherkinds.Infact，theytakeourattentionawayforovertwoseconds，alengthoftimewhichhasprovedtobedangerousontheroads.Finally，wehave“proximitymarketing(鄰近營銷)”，whereshopsdetectwhereyouareonthehighstreetandsendtailoredadvertstoyourphone.DevicescapeisonecompanytriallingtheuseofWi-Fiasameansoftrackingcustomers.Theirtechnologycouldworkanywhere，whetherin“asupermarket，aconcerthall，orabus”，saysOwenGeddesfromtheirmarketingteam.Whatwouldcustomerssee？“Itcouldbeadiscountoffertouseintheshopthepersonisvisiting，orapieceofcontentsuchasamovietrailer，”saysMrGeddes.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文?，F(xiàn)代社會中，廣告信息隨處可見，這一產(chǎn)業(yè)的將來會是怎樣的呢？我們是否會迎來這樣的一天：人們走在城市的街道上，一抬頭就能看到高達(dá)200米的廣告？4.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutLightvert?A.Theyaremakinghugephysicalcommercials.B.Theyattachanimagetotheirhugecommercials.C.Theircommercialsaretargetedatalargeraudience.D.Theircommercialsareonlyvisiblefromonelocation.答案D解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Whenyoupassdirectlyinfrontoftheimage，youseeit.Itappearstobehugeandhunginmid-air，butotherscan’tseeit.”可知，你從圖像前徑直走過時，就能看到它。它看起來很大而且懸浮在半空中，不過別人看不到。由此可推知，Lightvert公司的商業(yè)廣告只能從某個特定的位置看到。故選D。5.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthefourthparagraphimply?A.Somepeoplecan’tlivewithsomanyads.B.Someadsdon’tachievethedesiredresults.C.Somepeoplefeelconfusedaboutendlessads.D.Somepeoplearemoreusedtotraditionalads.答案A解析句意理解題。依據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容，尤其是“InMoscow，forexample，anewformofadvertisingtargetingmotoristshassplitopinion.”可知，莫斯科民眾對一款面對汽車司機(jī)的新廣告褒貶不一，也就是說，人們對這類廣告在看法上有分歧。由此可知，畫線句應(yīng)是指有人無法忍受這樣一個被各種廣告充斥的世界。故選A。6.Whatistheproblemwithdigitalbillboardsaccordingtosomeobservers?A.Theyfailtoremindpeopleofdangerontheroads.B.Theymakepeoplelessconcentratedondriving.C.Theyhaveatendencytoviolatepeople’sprivacy.D.Theyareattractivebutkindofharmfultooureyes.答案B解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中的“it’sactuallythesafetyaspectthathasconcernedsomeobservers”“attractoureyes”“theytakeourattentionawayforovertwoseconds，alengthoftimewhichhasprovedtobedangerousontheroads”可知，一些視察員真正擔(dān)憂的是平安問題，因為數(shù)碼廣告牌會分散駕駛員的留意力，從而導(dǎo)致危急。故選B。7.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthispassage?A.TheFutureofAdvertisingB.HighTechnologyinAdvertisingC.AWorldFloodedwithAdvertisingD.DifferentOpinionsonAdvertising答案A解析標(biāo)題歸納題。縱觀全文，尤其是第一段中的“Imagineafuturewhere...ads”可知，本文主要講解并描述了將來廣告形式的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，故A項作本文標(biāo)題最佳。3話題：環(huán)境愛護(hù)難度：★★建議用時：7分鐘Theworldisliterallyagreenerplacethanitwas20yearsago，anddatafromNASAsatelliteshasrevealedasourceformuchofthisnewgreeningphenomenon：ChinaandIndia.Thisnewinsightwasmadepossiblebyanearly20-year-longdatarecordfromaNASAinstrumentorbitingtheEarthontwosatellites.Takenalltogether，thegreeningoftheplanetoverthelasttwodecadesrepresentsanincreaseinleafareaonplantsandtreesequaltotheareacoveredbyalltheAmazonrainforests.Therearenowmorethantwomillionsquaremilesofextragreenleafareaperyear，comparedtotheearly2000s—a5%increase.“ChinaandIndiaaccountforone-thirdofthegreening，butcontainonly9%oftheplanet’slandareacoveredinvegetation(植被)—asurprisingfinding，consideringthecommonphenomenonoflanddegradation(惡化)inpopulouscountriesfromoveruse，”saidChiChen，leadauthorofthestudy.“Thislong-termdataletsusdigdeeper，”saidRamaNemani，aco-authorofthenewwork.“WhenthegreeningoftheEarthwasfirstobserved，wethoughtitwasduetoawarmer，wetterclimateandfertilizationfromtheaddedcarbondioxide(CO2)intheatmosphere，leadingtomoreleafgrowthinnorthernforests.Now，withthedatathatletsusunderstandthephenomenonatreallysmallscales，weseethathumansarealsocontributing.”China’soutsizedcontributiontotheglobalgreeningtrendcomesinlargepart(42%)fromprogramstoconserveandexpandforests.Theseweredevelopedinanefforttoreducetheeffectsofsoilerosion，airpollutionandclimatechange.Another32%there—82%ofthegreeningseeninIndia—comesfromintensive(集約的)growingoffoodcrops.Howthegreeningtrendmaychangeinthefuturedependsonnumerousfactors，bothonaglobalscaleandthelocalhumanlevel.Forexample，increasedfoodproductioninIndiaispromotedbygroundwaterirrigation.Ifthegroundwaterisrunningout，thistrendmaychange.TheresearcherspointoutthatthegainingreennessseenaroundtheworldandledbyIndiaandChinadoesnotoffsetthedamagefromlossofnaturalvegetationintropicalregions，suchasBrazilandIndonesia.Theconsequencesforsustainabilityandbiodiversityinthoseecosystemsremain.Nemaniisprettyexcitedaboutthefindings，andnotjustbecausethegreener，thebetter.“Oncepeoplerealizethere’saproblem，theytendtofixit，”hesaid.“Inthe70sand80sinIndiaandChina，thesituationaroundvegetationlosswasn’tgood；inthe90s，peoplerealizedit；andtodaythingshaveimproved.Humansareincrediblyadaptable.”語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。NASA的衛(wèi)星資料顯示，中國和印度的行動主導(dǎo)了地球變綠。8.TheEarthisgettinggreenermainlybecauseof.A.theexpandingofleafareaintropicalcountriesB.thedeterminedeffortstopreserveAmazonrainforestsC.thetree-plantingprogramsandintensiveagricultureD.afavorableclimateandincreasedCO2intheatmosphere答案C解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“Theworldisliterallyagreenerplacethanitwas20yearsago，anddatafromNASAsatelliteshasrevealedasourceformuchofthisnewgreeningphenomenon：ChinaandIndia”和第五段中的“China’soutsizedcontributiontotheglobalgreeningtrendcomesinlargepart(42%)fromprogramstoconserveandexpandforests...India—comesfromintensive(集約的)growingoffoodcrops.”可知，中國和印度正引領(lǐng)著地球綠化的增加，而這主要源于中國的植樹安排和兩國的集約化農(nóng)業(yè)。故選C。9.Whichofthefollowingstatementsmaytheresearchersagreewith?A.ThegreeningtrendinIndiawillcontinuetogoupwards.B.More“greening”meansbettercontrolofclimatechange.C.LandoverusethreatensthesuccessinthegreeningontheEarth.D.Thesustainabilityinglobalecosystemswillbegreatlyimproved.答案C解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，中國和印度的綠化面積占全球綠化面積的三分之一，但僅有全球9%的植被覆蓋面積，考慮到人口稠密的國家普遍存在過度開發(fā)導(dǎo)致土地退化的現(xiàn)象，這是一個令人驚異的發(fā)覺。由此可推知，人們對土地的過度運用威逼著地球綠化的勝利。故選C。10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offset”inthelastbutoneparagraphprobablymean?A.Prevent. B.Survive.C.Interrupt. D.Balance.答案D解析詞義揣測題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段最終一句可知，巴西和印度尼西亞等熱帶地區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的可持續(xù)性和生物多樣性所受的負(fù)面影響仍舊存在。再結(jié)合第三段的內(nèi)容可知，畫線詞所在句的含義應(yīng)是：探討人員指出，印度和中國主導(dǎo)的全球綠化的增加并不能抵消巴西和印度尼西亞等熱帶地區(qū)自然植被削減所帶來的損失。offset是“抵消，彌補(bǔ)”之意，與balance“相抵，抵消”的含義相近。故選D。11.HowdoesNemanifeelaboutthefindings?A.Theyareapositiveindicatorofoverallhumannature.B.Theiraccuracyandreliabilityneedtobefurtherproved.C.Theyundervaluehumans’contributiontotheenvironment.D.Theirsignificanceforfutureresearchcannotbeoveremphasized.答案A解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Oncepeoplerealizethere’saproblem，theytendtofixit...”“...inthe90s，peoplerealizedit；andtodaythingshaveimproved.Humansareincrediblyadaptable.”可知，當(dāng)人們意識到問題時，他們會想方法來解決。人類具有出乎意料的適應(yīng)實力。由此可知，探討結(jié)果表明白人性主動的一面。故選A。題組訓(xùn)練二1話題：文字的重要性難度：★★建議用時：7分鐘[2024·江西省名校(臨川一中、南昌二中)聯(lián)考]Astheinternationaldemandfornarrative(敘事的)film/TVcontentcontinuestoincreasewithpopularstreamingserviceslikeNetflixandothers，thetwoquestionsthencome：willthecominggenerationsreceivemostoftheirentertainmentthroughvisualmeansratherthanthroughthewrittenwordandwillsuchanincreaseofnarrativefilm/TVreducetheimportanceofreading?Growingexamplesofthistrendincludethediminishment(削減)offictioninthecommoncore(核心的)curriculum，theever-risingcultureofcomputergames，thewaveofstreamingservicesofwideinternationalreach，andmoviesfilledwithspecialeffectsmadeforchildrenandteenagers.Normustweignoretheeconomicdangersthatlieaheadforthewrittenword.Thenarrativefilmindustryisamoneymakerthatdwarfs(使黯然失色)thepublishingindustry.Theotherunderlyingquestion，ofcourse，is“doesitreallymatterifthewrittenwordbowstotheworldofnarrativefilm/TV？”Frommypointofview，anydiminishmentoffictiondeliveredbywordsisalossformankind.Thereisnogreaterhumanfeaturethantheimagination.Itliesattheverysoulofthehumanspecies.Itisthebrain’smostpowerfulengine.Itistheessentialmuscleoflifeandlikeallmusclesitmustbeexercisedandstrengthened.Writingandreadingaretheprincipaltoolsthatinspire，createandempowerourimagination.Anythingthatdiminishesthatpoweristheenemyofmankind.ItshouldbeknownthatIamnotopposedtonewmediaandtechnologicaladvances.Instead，Ihavealwaysfeltitnecessarytoadapttoadvancingtechnology.Infact，anumberofmynovelsareinvariousstagesofdevelopmentforfilm，TV，andlivestageproductions.Myhopeisthatthewrittenwordwillonlystandtobecomplemented(補(bǔ)充)byitsvisualcounterparts(對應(yīng)物)，notpushedtotheedgeofextinction.Ofcourse，therearethosewhowillpresentargumentsforthesuperiorityofthemovingimageoverthewrittenword.Eachhasitsplace.Myargumentisforfindingtherightbalancebetweenitandthemovingimage.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文，介紹了敘事電影行業(yè)的發(fā)展讓文字變得黯然失色。作者認(rèn)為文字是激發(fā)和增加我們想象力的重要工具，同時表達(dá)了對閱讀的命運的擔(dān)憂。1.Inwhatwaydoesnarrativefilm/TVembarrassthewrittenword?A.Economicbenefits.B.Internationalreach.C.Culturalinfluence.D.Educationalimportance.答案A解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段最終一句“Thenarrativefilmindustryisamoneymakerthatdwarfs(使黯然失色)thepublishingindustry.”可知，敘事電影行業(yè)是一個令出版行業(yè)黯然失色的賺錢行業(yè)，由此可知，敘事電影行業(yè)在經(jīng)濟(jì)利益方面使文字變得尷尬。故選A。2.Whydoestheauthorvaluetheroleofthewrittenword?A.Itstrengthensourmuscles.B.Ithelpssharpenourimagination.C.Itdistinguishesmanfromeachother.D.Itpavesthewayfornarrativefilm/TV.答案B解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段第一句“Writingandreadingaretheprincipaltoolsthatinspire，createandempowerourimagination.”可知，寫作和閱讀是激發(fā)、創(chuàng)建和增加我們想象力的主要工具，由此可知，作者重視文字的作用是因為它能提高我們的想象力。故選B。3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstechnology?A.Cautious. B.Skeptical.C.Positive. D.Critical.答案C解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段其次句“Instead，Ihavealwaysfeltitnecessarytoadapttoadvancingtechnology.”可知，作者覺得有必要適應(yīng)先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，由此可推知，作者對技術(shù)持主動的看法。故選C項。4.What’stheauthorconcernedabout?A.Thefateofreading.B.Theextinctionoffiction.C.Theimpactofthewrittenword.D.Thefutureofthemovingimage.答案A解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段最終一句“Myhopeisthatthewrittenwordwillonlystandtobecomplemented(補(bǔ)充)byitsvisualcounterparts(對應(yīng)物)，notpushedtotheedgeofextinction.”可知，作者希望書面文字會得到視覺文字的補(bǔ)充，而不是被推到滅亡的邊緣，由此可知，作者擔(dān)憂的是閱讀的命運。故選A。2話題：養(yǎng)寵物難度：★★建議用時：7分鐘Owningalovable，cuddlypetcanunquestionablymakeone’shomelifebetter—andapparently，itcanaffectpetowners’professionallivesaswell.Infact，accordingtoanewsurvey，peoplewhohaveownedpetsmaybemoreprofessionallysuccessful.ThesurveywasconductedbyKeltonGlobalResearchforBanfieldPetHospital.Theresearcherssurveyed857adultsintheUnitedStateswithavarietyofcareers.AmongtheC-suiteexecutives(高管)surveyed,93percentgrewwithapetintheirhome，with78percentclaimingthatgrowingupwithapethelpedcausetheircareersuccessasanadult.Interestingly,83percentofC-suiteexecutiveswhoparticipatedsaidtheygrewupwithadog,59percentofthemsaidtheygrewupwithacat，and37percentofthemsaidtheygrewupwithanotherkindofpet.So，howexactlydoespetownershipcausecareersuccess？Well，accordingtoBanfield’sresearch，executivesreportedthattheirpethelpedteachthemlessonslikeresponsibility，creativity，sympathy，discipline，andorganization，whichhaveallbeeninvaluableinthebusinessworld.“AtBanfieldPetHospital，we’velongrecognizedthespecialbondbetweenpeopleandtheirpets，aswellasthepositiveimpactpetshaveonoursociety，”BrianGarish，presidentofBanfieldPetHospitalsaid.“Fromthepetownershiplessonswelearnedaschildren，tothewaysourfour-leggedfriendscurrentlyhelpusevolve，connectwithothers，andstaygrounded，ourlatestresearchsupportsthebeliefwe’vehadallalong—thattheremaybealinkbetweenpetsandtheirabilitytohelpshapeusaspeople.”Butwhataboutpeoplewhogrewuppet-less，buthaveadoptedpetsasadults?Accordingtotheresearch,86percentofcurrentpetparentssurveyedsaidowningpetshelpsthemsticktoaroutine，bettermanagetheirtime，andmoreefficientlymultitask.Butevenifyoudon’tthinkyourpethasdirectlyhelpedyou，yourcoworkers’knowledgethatyouhaveapetmayactuallybebeneficialforyourcareer.Infact,80percentofpeoplesurveyedsaidthey“feelmoreconnectedwithcolleagueswhoarepetowners”and79percentofthosesurveyedbelievedthatfellowco-workerswhohavepetsare“hardworkers”.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。養(yǎng)一只可愛的寵物無疑會讓家庭生活更美妙，而且這好像還能影響到寵物主子的職業(yè)生涯。一項最新調(diào)查顯示，養(yǎng)寵物的人在職業(yè)上會更加勝利。5.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheresearch?A.Theparticipantswererandomlyselected.B.ThemajorityofAmericansliketoraisepets.C.Keepingdogsismorerewardingthankeepingcats.D.Manyparticipantsgrewupwithmultiplekindsofpets.答案D解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段最終一句可知，受調(diào)查的高管中，83%的人說和寵物狗一起長大，59%的人說和寵物貓一起長大，37%的人說和其他種類的寵物一起長大。這些比例的總和超過100%，由此可推知，許多受調(diào)查者家里不止一種寵物。故選D。6.Accordingtotheresearch，acolleaguewhoownsapetisbelievedto.A.havemorepatienceB.bemoreaccessibleC.possessahigherIQD.takeworkmoreseriously答案B解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“Infact,80percentofpeoplesurveyedsaidthey‘feelmoreconnectedwithcolleagueswhoarepetowners’”可知，80%的受調(diào)查者說，他們和養(yǎng)寵物的同事感覺更親近，故飼養(yǎng)寵物的人更簡單接近。故選B。7.Whatisthemainthemeofthepassage?A.Owningpetsensuresyouasuccessfullife.B.Raisingpetsteachesyoumanygoodvalues.C.Havingpetshelpsindividualssucceedincareers.D.Raisingpetsispopularamongsuccessfulpeople.答案C解析主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中的“peoplewhohaveownedpetsmaybemoreprofessionallysuccessful”可知，本文的主題是“養(yǎng)寵物的人在職業(yè)上可能會更加勝利”，故C項最能概括文章的主要內(nèi)容。3話題：蔬菜種植新方式難度：★建議用時：7分鐘MostofBangladeshisatorbelowsealevel.Risingseawaterslinkedtoclimatechangehasseverelyaffectedthecountry.Highwaterfromstormsincoastalareasalsoaddssalttosoil.Thelandisbecomingsalty.Cropsarelessproductiveandmanyareasofcroplandinthecountryarebecomingunfitforfarming.Thesearebigproblemsforthesmallcountry.Morethan155millionpeopleliveinBangladesh.GrowingcropsisthemostcommonwayBangladeshissupportthemselves.Tofindawayout，farmersinthecountryarelearningtogrowvegetablesinso-called“verticalgardens”.Thesoilinthesegardensisbetterbecauseheavyrainshaveremovedmuchofthesalt.Averticalgardeniseasytomake.Villagersfillcontainerswithgoodsoilandnaturalfertilizers.Theyputthecontainersonbrickssotheyareofftheground.Theyaddpiecesofthebrickstothesoiltohelpwaterflowanddrain(排水).Thefarmerscutsmallholesintothesidesofthecontainers.Thispermitsvegetableswithshortrootsaplacetogrow.Vegetableswithlongrootsgrowontopofthecontainer.Onebagofsoilcanproduceuptoeightkilogramsofvegetablesinoneseason.Thefarmersalsogrowvegetablesincontainersmadefromlarge，thinpiecesofplasticsupportedbybamboo.This“verticaltower”measuresmorethanameterwide.Eachofthesetowerscanproducemorethan100kilogramsofvegetables.Itcostsabout$12－$13tobuild.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文?！稗r(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量削減”是孟加拉國的一個大問題。為了找到出路，這個國家的農(nóng)夫正在學(xué)習(xí)在所謂的“垂直花園”里種植蔬菜。8.WhatismentionedasabigproblemforBangladesh?A.Severeclimateconditions.B.Toomanypeopletosupport.C.Lackofenoughfreshwater.D.Reducedcropproductivity.答案D解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“Cropsarelessproductiveandmanyareasofcroplandinthecountryarebecomingunfitforfarming.Thesearebigproblemsforthesmallcountry.”可知，“農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量削減”是孟加拉國的一個大問題。故選D。9.Whichmainlymakesvegetablegrowinginverticalgardenssuccessful?A.Placesinthesoilforroots.B.Heavyrainskeptinthesoil.C.Thegoodsoilwithlittlesalt.D.Brickpiecesaddedtothesoil.答案C解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段其次句“Thesoilinthesegardensisbetterbecauseheavyrainshaveremovedmuchofthesalt.”可知，少鹽的好土讓垂直花園的蔬菜種植勝利。故選C。10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph3referto?A.Bricks. B.Fertilizers.C.Villagers. D.Containers.答案D解析代詞指代題。依據(jù)第三段可知，垂直花園很簡單建立。村民們用好土和自然肥料裝滿容器。他們把容器放在磚上，這樣它們就離地了。他們在土壤中加入磚塊來幫助水流和排水。由此推知畫線詞they指代的是“容器”。故選D。11.Whatcanweinferabouttheverticaltower?A.Itisofftheground.B.Itdrainsveryimproperly.C.Itusesbambooforcontainers.D.Itisunfitforgrowingvegetables.答案A解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段前兩句“Thefarmersalsogrowvegetablesincontainersmadefromlarge，thinpiecesofplasticsupportedbybamboo.This‘verticaltower’measuresmorethanameterwide.”可知，農(nóng)夫們也在由竹子支撐的大而薄的塑料片制成的容器里種植蔬菜。這個“verticaltower”有一米多寬。故選A。題組訓(xùn)練三1話題：科技獨創(chuàng)難度：★★建議用時：8分鐘EvenwhentheruggedexpansesoftheGreatSmokyMountainswereburstingwiththeirfamousfallcolors，theyalwayslookeddullblackandyellowishtoVanLewfromthe3,590-foot-highperchofMountHarrison.For20-year-oldVanLew，whohasbeencolor-blindhiswholelife，somecolorshavejustbeenlefttotheimagination.Helovespainting，buthiswifeMollyhastohelphimpickandmixcolors.Lastweek，however，whenVanLewvisitedthescenicmountaintopagainandlookedthroughaspecialviewfinder，forthefirsttimehesawyellows，orangesandredsexplodingacrossthelandscape.“Redisthebiggestdifference.Imean，Ican’tdescribeit，”saidVanLew.“It’sthemostbeautifulthingI’veeverseeninmylife.Thatred，it’sjustlovely.It’sunbelievable.”Acolor-blindviewfinderwhichletspeopleenjoycolorsthattheymayhaveneverseenbeforewasfixedonthetopoftheOberGatlinburgresort(旅游勝地)bytheTennesseeDepartmentofTouristDevelopmentlastWednesday.Itisoneofthreeinthestate.TheothertwoviewfindersareatscenicareasofBigSouthForkNationalRiverandRecreationAreanearOneida，andattheWestboundInterstate26overlooknearErwininUnicoiCounty.Althoughthetechnologyisn’tnew—eyeglassesthatletcolor-blindpeopleseecolorsarealreadyavailable—stateofficialsbelievethisisthefirsttimeit’sbeenincludedinaviewfinder，atacostof$2,000each，tohelppeoplewithred-greencolor-blindness.Howclearlytheviewfindersshownewcolorscanvaryfrompersontopersonamongthe13millionorsopeoplewithcolor-blindnessinthecountry.StatetourismofficialsinvitedpeopletotryitoutlastThursdayatOberGatlinburg.Theybroughtthemupbyskilift，butleftthedetailssomewhatvaguetomaintaintheelementofsurprise.Acameracrewfilmedtheirreactionsformarketingmaterial.Theirfirstlookdrewtears，smilesandastonishedfaceswithwonderandawe.“Myheartjuststartedbeatingfast，”saidToddHeil，whogenerallysawalotofgreen.“Ifeltlikecrying，man.Toomanypeoplearound.”ForVanLew，nothinglooksthesamenow.Itcanbealittlediscouragingtoknowwhathe’sbeenmissing，butthepossibilityoftappingintoalong-unseenworldoflivelycolorsisuplifting.“It’sgoingtoenablemorepeopletoexperiencethebeautythatwelivein，thatIdidn’tknowwelivedin，”hesaid.語篇解讀本文是說明文。OberGatlinburg最近安裝了色盲取景器，使色盲者能看到五彩世界。1.WhydoestheauthorrefertoVanLew’swife?A.Totellushehasahappymarriagelife.B.Tostresstheimportanceofcolorsinpainting.C.Toshowtheinconveniencehisconditioncaused.D.Toletusknowhowoptimisticheistowardslife.答案C解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“20-year-oldVanLew，whohasbeencolor-blindhiswholelife”可知，VanLew是色盲者，緊接著本段最終一句就提到“Helovespainting，buthiswifeMollyhastohelphimpickandmixcolors.”，目的是表明色盲這種疾病給他帶來了不便，故C項正確。2.WhatcanweknowabouttheGreatSmokyMountains?A.Itisdullblackandyellowishallyearround.B.ItiswheretheOberGatlinburgresortlies.C.Itisequippedwiththreecolor-blindviewfinders.D.Itisthefirstplaceinthestatetouseaviewfinder.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段的內(nèi)容可知，VanLew再次上了山頂，這次他看到了各種顏色；第三段告知我們在OberGatlinburg旅游勝地安裝了色盲取景器。由此可推斷OberGatlinburg旅游勝地在GreatSmokyMountains，故B項正確。3.Whydidthestatetourismofficialsgivefewdetails?A.Becausetheytriedtomakeafilm.B.Becausetheyhadnowaytodescribethem.C.Becausethefantasticbeautywasbeyondwords.D.Becausetheywantedagreateffectofadvertisement.答案D解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第五段中的“...tomaintaintheelementofsurprise.Acameracrewfilmedtheirreactionsformarketingmaterial.”可知，州旅游部門的官員們之所以模糊處理細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)是為了達(dá)到好的廣告宣揚效果，故D項正確。4.HowdoesVanLewfindhisseeingtherealworldofcolors?A.Bittersweet. B.Thrilling.C.Regrettable. D.Calming.答案A解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“ForVanLew...Itcanbealittlediscouragingtoknowwhathe’sbeenmissing，butthepossibilityoftappingintoalong-unseenworldoflivelycolorsisuplifting.”可知，VanLew既為之前所錯過的感到懊喪，又為能看到以前沒看到的感到快樂，故bittersweet“甜中有苦的，既有快樂又有哀痛的”正確。2話題：壓力大的負(fù)面影響難度：★★建議用時：7分鐘Stressinmiddleagecanmakeyourbrainshrinkandmakeyourmemoryworse，scientistshavediscovered.Thebrain-reducingeffectsofstress，identifiedinpeopleintheir40sfreefromdementia—aseriousmentaldisordercausedbybraindiseaseorinjury，werefoundtobesetoffbycortisol(皮質(zhì)醇).Thehighlevelsofthestresshormonemaybeanearlywarningsignthatsomeonemayendupwithdementia，theresearchsuggests.Stressalsomadepeople’sthinkingskillsworse，theHarvardMedicalSchoolstudy，publishedinthejournalNeurology，found.Fortheresearch，scientistsledbyDrJustinB.Echouffo-Tcheuguistudied2,231peoplewithanaverageageof49andfreeofdementia.Hesaid，“Ourresearchdetectedmemorylossandbrainshrinkageinmiddle-agedpeoplebeforesymptomsstartedtoshow.Soit’simportantforpeopletofindwaystoreducestress，suchasgettingenoughsleep，takingpartinmoderate(適度的)exercise，makingrelaxationtechniquespartoftheirdailylives，oraskingtheirdoctorabouttheircortisollevelsandtakingacortisol-reducingmedicationifneeded.”Healsoadded，“It’simportantforphysicianstogiveprofessionaladvicetoallpeoplewithhighercortisollevels.”Atthestartofthestudy，eachparticipantdidtestsontheirmemoryandthinkingskills.Theneightyearslatertheyrepeatedtheexercises.Asubsetofthegroup,2,018people，alsohadanMRIbrainscantomeasurethevolumeoftheirbrain.Oncetheresultswereadjustedforage，sex，smokingandthebodymassindex(BMI)，researchersfoundlowerscoresontestsofmemoryandthinkinginpeoplewithhigherlevelsofcortisolthanthosewithaveragelevels.Inaddition，peoplewithhighercortisollevelshadasmallerbrainvolume，withthosewithhighcortisollevelshavingbrainsthatwere88.5percentofthetotalcranialvolume.Thiswascomparedto88.7percentofthetotalcranialvolumeforpeoplewithnormallevelsofthehormone.Nolinkswerefoundbetweenlowlevelsofcortisolandbrainsize.Cortisolhelpsthebodyrespondtostressandwhenwearestressed，cortisollevelsincreasebecausethatisourfight-or-flightresponse.Itcanalsohelpreduceinflammation(發(fā)炎)，controlbloodsugarandbloodpressure，regulatemetabolismandhelpwithimmuneresponse.Highcortisollevelscanbecausedbystress，medicalconditionsormedications.“Cortisolaffectsmanydifferentfunctionssoitisimportanttofullyinvestigatehowhighlevelsofthehormonemayaffectthebrain，”DrEchouffo-Tcheuguisaid.“Whileotherstudieshaveexaminedcortisolandmemory，webelieveourlarge，community-basedstudyisthefirsttoexplore，inmiddle-agedpeople，cortisollevelsandbrainvolume，aswellasmemoryandthinkingskills.”語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。探討表明，中年壓力過大會導(dǎo)致記憶力下降和大腦萎縮。5.WhatmayDrEchouffo-Tcheuguisuggestpeopledoaboutstress-reducing?A.Gotothedoctor’sregularly.B.Rideabicyclearoundalake.C.Earlytobedandearlytorise.D.Strengthenthesocialnetwork.答案B解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中的“suchasgettingenoughsleep，takingpartinmoderate(適度的)exercise，makingrelaxationtechniquespartoftheirdailylives”可知，DrEchouffo-Tcheugui給人們供應(yīng)的減壓方法有獲得足夠睡眠，適度熬煉，把放松技巧融入日常生活等。再結(jié)合四個選項可知，“沿湖騎自行車”屬于“適度熬煉”的范疇。故選B。6.Whichstatementaboutcortisolmaytheauthoragreewith?A.Themorestressedonefeels，thehigherhiscortisollevelsare.B.Highercortisollevelsareassociatedwithlargerbrainvolume.C.Ageandgenderplayabigroleintheparticipants’cortisollevels.D.Peoplewithhighcortisollevelswillsufferfromhighbloodpressure.答案A解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中的“Cortisolhelpsthebodyrespondtostressandwhenwearestressed，cortisollevelsincrease”可知，當(dāng)人們感受到壓力時，人體內(nèi)的皮質(zhì)醇水平會上升。由此可知，人們感受到的壓力越大，體內(nèi)的皮質(zhì)醇水平就會越高。故選A。7.What’sthepossibledirectionforfutureresearchimpliedinthepassage?A.Howhighcortisollevelsaffecthumanbrains.B.Thelinkbetweencortisollevelsandmemory.C.Howcortisolaffectspeople’sbodilyfunctions.D.Thelinkbetweencortisollevelsandbrainsize.答案A解析細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“soitisimportanttofullyinvestigatehowhighlevelsofthehormonemayaffectthebrain”可知，本文示意的一個將來的探討方向可能是高皮質(zhì)醇水平是如何對人腦產(chǎn)生影響的。故選A。8.Whydoestheauthorwritethispassage?A.Tosuggesttheefficientwaystoreducestress.B.Topresentthefeaturesandfunctionsofcortisol.C.Toexplainhowcortisolaffectspeople’sstresslevel.D.Toshowstresscancausememorylossandbrainshrinkage.答案D解析寫作意圖題?？v觀全文，尤其是第一段中的“makeyourbrainshrinkandmakeyourmemoryworse”以及其次段中的“Ourresearchdetectedmemorylossandbrainshrinkageinmiddle-agedpeople”可知，本文主要介紹了一項探討發(fā)覺，即中年壓力過大會導(dǎo)致記憶力下降和大腦萎縮。而作者寫作本文就是為了告知讀者這一項探討發(fā)覺，故D項最能概括寫作意圖。3話題：寵物肥胖的緣由難度：★★★建議用時：8分鐘Untillastyear，Borriswouldneverturndownaporksteak.HewaspartialtoicecreamduringthesummerandlovedtheSundayroastinthewinter—includingbeef，pigsinblankets，mashedpotatoes，andaselectionofvegetables.Bythetimehisowner，AnnemarieFormoy，enteredhiminthePDSAPetFitClubcompetition，whichhelpsov