河北省部分高中2025屆高三下學期綜合素質(zhì)評價一 英語試卷（含解析）

2025屆河北省部分高中高三下學期綜合素質(zhì)評價一英語試題一、閱讀理解（本大題共5小題）MotherEarthNewsistheoriginalguidetolivingwisely.Launchedin1970,eachbimonthlyissueofthemagazinefeaturespracticalandmoney-savinginformationoncuttingenergycosts;usingrenewableenergy;organicgardening;greenhomebuildingandremodeling;fundo-it-yourselfprojectsandself-sufficientlifestyles.Themagazineapproachesenvironmentalproblemsfromadown-to-earth,practical,simpleliving,how-tostandpoint.Becomeapreferredsubscriberandclaimyourbenefitstoday!MemberBenefitsInclude:?Onlinevideolearninglibrary,featuring450+videoswithmoreaddedeverymonth?Admissiontoallonlinevideoworkshops,includingexpertinterviewsandliveQ&.As?AyearofMotherEarthNewsmagazine,backedby50+yearsoftrustedDIYguidance?Bonusdigitalsubscription—accessnewissuesanywherelifetakesyou?Everydaymemberdiscountsoneco-friendlyproductsintheMotherEarthNewsStore?Nolimitationtoonlinecontent—membersgettoviewthenewarticlesandprojectideasbeforenon-memberscanMembershipprice:?PrintMembership:$38peryear?DigitalMembership:$18peryearDigitalmagazineversiononly(printedversionexcluded)SatisfactionGuarantee:IfyouarenotfullysatisfiedwithMotherEarthNews,simplycall800-234-3368oremailatCustomerService@.Wewillissueyouafullrefundonallunmailedissues(printedversiononly).Noquestionsasked.1．WhicharticleismostlikelytobeincludedinMotherEarthNews?A．MoralValuesmayShiftwithSeasonsB．BuildaWindGeneratorforHomebyYourselfC．StarryHorizons:TheFutureofSpaceExplorationD．MeltingPotofIdeas:CulturalIntegrationinthe21stCentury2．Whatistheaddedbonusformembers?A．Visitinglocallibrariesforfree. B．HostingaliveQ&Asession.C．Havingadiscountondigitalversion. D．Gettingearlieraccesstolatestarticles.3．Whatistherefundforthehalf-yearsubscriptioncancellation?A．$9. B．$18. C．$19. D．$38.WhenIboughtahouseinPortlandfouryearsago,Iimmediatelybegandesigningmydreamgarden,intendingtoremovetheweedsandplantsomevegetablesorlong-lastingflowers.Isoondiscovered,however,thatthesoilwasunproductive,clay-heavyandlitteredwithstones.Inprevious,muchtiniergardens,I’dfixitwithafewbagsofhigh-qualitysoilfromthenursery.Replacingthisvastlygreaterquantityofdirtwasneitherpracticalnorfinanciallypossible.Instead,Idecidedtoremediate(補救)whatIalreadyhad.Thechallengebeforemewastorevitalizethesoil.Twocoreprinciplesofmodernagriculturecanguidethisshift:minimizingsoildisturbanceandemphasizingbiodiversity.Inpractice,growingcropsbyturns,prioritizingorganicinputsoverchemicalfertilizers,integratingcrops,treesandlivestock,andshieldingsoilfrombeingwashedawaywithcovercrops,oftenwork.Itriedtoapplysuchmethodsinmygarden.Whereoncetherewasonlygrass,Icreatedapond,arockgarden,awildflowerfieldandraisedbedsforvegetables.Iletplantsgrowanddecomposebythemselvesinanaturalway.Ialsointroduceddifferentplantsandreviveditsecologicalcommunities.InMay,Idecidedtorelocateafloweringplant.AsIdugtheplantout,allmanneroflifeemerged.Earthwormsswungfromtheroots.Adaddylonglegshurriedforshelter.BelowtheplantIevennoticedthefinewhitelatticeofafungalmycelium.Runningmyfingersthroughthesoil,Iunderstood,moreclearlythaneverbefore,thatItransformedmuchmorethanmyyard—itcompletelychangedthewayIthinkaboutsoil.It’snotsimplyasamediumforlife,butasalivingentity(個體)initsownright.Althoughsciencestilllacksanagreeddefinitionoflife,textbookshighlightcriteriawidelyconsideredtodifferentiatethelivingandnonliving.Soilmeetsmanyofthem:Ithasahighlyorganizedstructure.Ithasacapacityforactiveself-preservation.Itgrows.Itbreathes.Anditcandie.4．Howdidtheauthorusetoimprovethesoil?A．Byaddingrichsoil. B．Bycoveringitwithbags.C．Byremovingtheweeds. D．Byapplyingchemicalfertilizer.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shielding”inparagraph2probablymean?A．Exposing. B．Separating. C．Sheltering. D．Monitoring.6．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph4?A．Toexplaintheprocessoftransplanting. B．Toillustratethepreventionofinsectattacks.C．Tostressthecompetitionofdifferentspecies. D．Tostatetheformationofmulti-speciescommunities.7．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheSoulofSoil B．TheVitalityoftheWildC．TheArtofGardening D．TheWhisperofFlowersOverseeingthedevelopmentofaliteraryculture,whichispartofacritic’sjob,isaprocessoffitsandstarts.Criticsplayaroleindeterminingwhichbookspublishedtodayshouldbelabeled“instantclassics”,whichbooksarebestdescribedas“l(fā)ittle-known”andwhichbookspublishedinpastdecadesorcenturiesdeservere-examination.Beginningintheearly20thcentury,reissuescomplicatedthosecategories.Olderbookslike“TheDudAvocado”and“Stoner”—andeven“Moby-Dick”and“TheGreatGatsby”—becamemorefamousuponreprintingthantheyhadbeenwhenoriginallypublished.Thecanon(文學經(jīng)典)itselfisinaconstant,ongoingprocessofbeingshapedbybookloverswhoareoftenindisagreementnotonlyaboutwhatqualifiesasliteraturebutalsoaboutthepurposeofreadingliterature.Areissue,moreoftenthannotpublishedaftertheauthorisdead,rebalancesthepurposeofliteratureawayfromwriterintentandmoretowardreaderintent.Earlylastyear,thesmallmagazinen+1restatedalongstandingpolicy:Nodeadpeople.Readingworkfromdeadauthorsmaybeunavoidable,butasliterarycriticstaskedwithcreatingandshapingtheconversation,writingaboutdeadpeoplewasconsideredunacceptable—becauseitwasunfairtoexpectthatcontemporarywriters,alreadystrugglingtosecureattentionfortheirwork,competewithdeadwriters.Weneed,n+1argued,to“refocusthepublic’sattentionontheunder-readworkoftheliving.”It’struethattheliteraryworld—perhapseggedonbyeditors,publishersandcriticsalike—frequentlytalksaboutrevivingunjustlyignoredvoicesfromthedepthsofhistory,tryingtoensuretheyarerescuedfrombeingforgotten.Wedon’treissuetheworkofdeadauthorsinordertodorightbythem,butbecausetheirworkisapieceofhistory.Weneedtounderstandliteratureinitsownrightandasanexpressionofitsowntimeandcontext,evenifthatcontextishorrifyingoruninvitingorproblematic.Readingwell—andwritinggoodcriticism—bringsasenseofwondertohistory,anddespitetheemotionalinfluencesthatmaysometimesinspirereissues,theyuniquelyconnectustothepast,whichwillalwaysbeimportant.8．Whatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningtheolderbooksinparagraph1?A．Reissuesmakesortingharder. B．Reissuesneverboostpopularity.C．Neweditionsshowmorechanges. D．Criticsshouldrecategorizereissues.9．Whatcanwesayaboutareissuefromparagraph2?A．Itismadetoaconsistentstandard. B．Itcausesdisagreementsamongreaders.C．Itbreatheslifeintoforgottenliteraryworks. D．Itshiftstheliteraryfocustowardreaders’needs.10．Whateffectdidn+1expectfromitspolicy?A．Inspiringlivingwriterstolearnfromdeadwriters. B．Bridgingthedividebetweencriticsandwriters.C．Makingmorelivingwriters’voicesheard. D．Makingcriticslesshardonlivingwriters.11．Howdoestheauthorlookatreissuingdeadauthors’works?A．Awaytocorrectpastinjusticesagainstauthors. B．Amethodtocelebrateauthors’contributions.C．Ameanstoobtaininsightsintothehistory. D．Astrategytomaintainliterarytraditions.Thetechnologyinvolvesfittingheat-absorbingbricksinaninsulated(隔熱的)container,wheretheycanstoreheatgeneratedbysolarorwindpowerforlateruseinindustrialprocesses.Theheatcanthenbereleasedwhenneededbypassingairthroughchannelsinthepilesof“firebricks”,thusallowingcement,steel,glass,andpaperfactoriestorunonrenewableenergyevenwhenwindandsunshineareunavailable.Thesesystemsareaformofthermalenergy(熱能)storage.Thebricksaremadefromthesamematerialsasthebricksthatlinedprimitivekilns(窯)thousandsofyearsago.Batteriescanstoreelectricityandprovideittogenerateheatondemand.“Thedifferencesbetweenfirebrickstorageandbatterystoragearethatthefirebricksstoreheatratherthanelectricityandthattheircostisone-tenththecostofbatteries,”saidleadstudyauthorMarkZ.Jacobson,aprofessoratStanfordUniversity.“Thematerialsarebasicallyjustthecomponentsofdirt.”Theresearchersadoptedcomputermodelstocomparecosts,landneeds,healthimpacts,andemissionsinvolvedintwoscenariosforanimaginedfuturewhere149countriesin2050areusingrenewablesourcesforallenergypurposes.Inonescenario,firebricksprovide90%ofindustrialprocessheat.Intheother,there’szeroadoptionoffirebricksorotherformsofthermalenergystorage.Theresearchersfoundthescenariowithfirebrickscouldcutcostsby$1.27trillionacrossthe149countries,whilereducingthedemandforelectricalenergyandenergystoragecapacityfrombatteries.Jacobson’sfocusonfirebricksisrelativelynew,inspiredbyadesiretoidentifyeffectivesolutionsthatcouldbeadoptedquickly.“HereIcanseeasubstantialbenefitsatlowcostfrommultipleangles,fromhelpingreduceairpollutiondeathstomakingiteasiertoturntheworldtocleanenergy,”hesaid.12．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．Howfirebrickstoragetechnologyworks. B．Howfirebricksareproducedsustainably.C．Whatthermalenergymeansscientifically. D．Whatthermalenergystorageisusedtodo.13．Whatadvantagesdofirebrickhaveoverbattery?A．Firebrickcanstoreheatandcostless. B．Firebrickcangeneratemoreelectricity.C．Firebrickcanprovideheatmorequickly. D．Firebrickismadeofmoreadvancedmaterials.14．Whyarethecomputermodelsadopted?A．Totestthedurabilityoffirebricks. B．Tocutthecostsoffirebricks.C．Toexploretheeffectivenessoffirebricks. D．Totestenergystoragecapacityoffirebricks.15．Whatmightbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Theusageoffirebrickscanreplacebatteries.B．Embracingrenewableelectricitybecomespossible.C．Innovativesystemsturnheatintoelectricitycheaply.D．Anoldtechnologycanaidtheswitchtocleanenergy.Socrates,therenownedancientGreekphilosopher,famouslystated,“Theunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving.”16Hebelievedtruewisdomandpersonalgrowthcouldn’tbeachievedinanunexaminedlife.TheSocraticMethod,namedafterSocrateshimself,isaformofcooperativedialoguewhereoneasksaseriesofopen-endedquestionstoguideanothertowardinsightandunderstanding.Forexample,imagineateacherdiscussingmoralitieswithstudents.Theteachermaynotexplainwhatis“right”or“wrong”.17Andfollowupwithquestionslike,“Whydoweconsidersomeactionsfairandothersunfair?”Throughthisquestioning,studentsareledtothinkmorecriticallyandexaminetheirownvaluesandassumptionsratherthanjustacceptingthepredeterminedanswers.18Whenyouaskyourself,forinstance,“Whydoyoubelievethis?”or“Whatevidencesupportsyourthinking?”,youareencouragedtoconsiderwhetheryourbeliefsaretrulyyourownorinfluencedbyexternalfactors.Thisprocessofquestioningleadstoself-reflection,helpingindividualsbetterunderstandtheunderlyingmotivationsbehindtheirthoughtsandactions.Self-reflectionislikehittingthepausebuttononlife.19Anditalsolookscloselyatyourownthoughts,feelings,andexperiences.Anunexaminedlife,however,isonewherepeoplegothroughthemotionswithouteverquestioning.Livinganunexaminedlifeissimilartocoastingonautomaticpilot,whereonesimplyacceptssocialstandardswithoutcriticallyevaluatingthem.Inthiskindoflife,you’resweptalongbysociety’sexpectations.20Itseemsasifyou’relivingsomeoneelse’sscriptwithouteverwritingyourown.A．Itgivesyouamomenttostepback.B．Youarebarelyawareofyourowndesires.C．Sotheycanfollowa“right”or“fair”action.D．Youarealwaysstuckinyourownceaselesswork.E．TheSocraticMethodisapowerfultoolforself-examination.F．Instead,heorshemightask“Whatdoesitmeantoactmorally?”G．Thispowerfuldeclarationservesasacalltodigdeeperintoone’sownthoughts.二、完形填空（本大題共1小題）HavinggrownupinnorthernArizonawiththeimmortalGrandCanyonandtheironredplateausofSedonainmybackyard,Iamcomfortably21inmyclaimthatthesouthwesternstateishometothemostbeautifullandscapesontheplanet.Thusfar,noforeignlandscapeshad22.Thatis,untilIwasinvitedto23GuizhouProvincebytheChinaStorytellerPartnershipsTour.HadsomeonedescribedhowbeautifulGuizhoucanbeinpoetic24,theywouldnothavedoneit25.Thereisno26forseeingwithone’sowneyes.Iwillattempttodosohere.DuringmytriparoundthecityofXingyi,inGuizhou,IsawtheartworksoftheBouyeiethnicgroup.Theyusedyesproducedfromlocalplantstomakeclothingof27bluesandgreens.Localeldersstillpracticeweavingwithwoodenmachinesandpassthat28ontotheirgrandchildren.Thehistoryhereis29,andonecouldreachoutandtouchit,andevenbreatheit.Mymotherlovedto30ourhomewithpaintings,jewelryandpottery,carefullymadebythehandsoftheHopi.Thedesignswereancient,andcarriedwisdomwithinthem.TheEarthisourhome,andwecelebrateits31.Icaughtthatsamefeelingwhile32theartondisplayinXingyi.I’velivedawayfromArizonafor10longyears,33myowncareerinChina.I’vemanagedtobuildmyselfafamily,acareer,alivelihood,andvarious34projectsabouttheartworksIfancy.Ifeel35IhaveeverythingthatIneed.Foramoment,inGuizhou,Ifelthome.21．A．favorable B．honored C．confident D．prejudiced22．A．comeacross B．comeclose C．cometrue D．comeout23．A．introduce B．discover C．a(chǎn)ppear D．explore24．A．detail B．peace C．person D．a(chǎn)dvance25．A．conventionally B．a(chǎn)wfully C．fairly D．obviously26．A．substitute B．determination C．experience D．satisfaction27．A．featureless B．striking C．comfortable D．convenient28．A．effort B．burden C．a(chǎn)dvantage D．tradition29．A．fashionable B．capable C．touchable D．global30．A．decorate B．signal C．sign D．identify31．A．sights B．wonders C．a(chǎn)chievements D．contributions32．A．tearing B．pointing C．a(chǎn)ppreciating D．working33．A．creating B．deciding C．satisfying D．a(chǎn)bandoning34．A．organization B．efficiency C．instruction D．passion35．A．whatif B．a(chǎn)sthough C．a(chǎn)slongas D．incase三、語法填空（本大題共1小題）閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Tongsui,whichmeans“sugarwater”inCantonese,referstoChinesesweetsoupsordessertsenjoyedinsouthernChina.Overly36(sugar)asitmaysound,tongsuiisnosyrupbog(沼澤)butalightlysweetenedsoupcelebrated37itsnutrition—anextensionofthetraditionalChinesemedicinebeliefthatallfoodismedicinalandcanhelpbringyourbodyintobetterbalanceandhealth.Tongsuiiscommonlyavarietyofcomplicateddishes38featuremultipleingredientsasvariedaspapaya(木瓜)andbird’snest(燕窩),butitistheseacoconut,inparticular,thatrequiresamother’slovetomakeittothetable.First,fewmarketstalls(攤位)sellfreshfruit,asit39(sour)quicklyinthetropicalheat,sokeepingthefruitfreshhasalreadybeenenergy-consuming.Then,thefruit’sbrownshellhastobepainstakinglypeeledofftorevealitsglistening,milkywhiteflesh.40(interesting),theseacoconutI’vebeentalkingaboutsofarisnottrueseacoconut,and41everyAsianrestaurantmenuandeverycannedfruitlabelclaimsisnottrue,either.Itisactuallythefruitofthetoddypalm(糖棕樹).Thetrueseacoconutis42protectedspecies,anditsexportisstrictlycontrolled,witheachfruit43(bear)agovernment-issuedserialtag(序列標簽).Once44(believe)togrowfromamythical(神話的)treeonthebottomofthesea,seacoconutshellsweredecoratedwithpricelessgems(寶石)byEuropean45(noble)inthe16thcentury.四、書信寫作（本大題共1小題）46．假定你是李華，你的英國筆友Tom對人工智能很感興趣，他在郵件中詢問你關(guān)于最近在全球引發(fā)熱議的DeepSeek相關(guān)情況。請你給他回一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.DeepSeek的基本信息(如它是什么，主要特點等)；2.它在全球引發(fā)熱議的原因；3.你對DeepSeek未來發(fā)展的看法。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearTom,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua五、書面表達（本大題共1小題）47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。WhenIwasseven,mysisterLucy,whowasfour,andIwereeagertobeindependentandearnsomemoneytoshowourparentsthatwewerecapablebeyondouryears.TheonlyideaIcouldcomeupwithwastoofferourservicesasgardeners,goingdoortodoortoproposeweedingneighbors’gardensfor2dollarseach.Ourproposalwasfair,yetunexpectedly,onlyMrs.White,livingthreeblocksfromourhouse,acceptedtheoffer.Maybethatwasbecausenoonewouldtakechildren’swordsseriously.Weagreedontheweedingat8:00thenextmorning.Havingthefirstclient,LucyandIcouldn’tcontainourselvesandfeltasifwehadachievedamonumentaltask,heartsswellingwithpride.Weweregoingtobegardeners!Buttheexcitementofthemomentwasfleeting,andthenextday,theattractionofplayandtheforgetfulnessofchildhoodovertookus.Weforgotaboutourcommitment.Concernedaboutourabsence,Mrs.Whitecontactedourmother.Aswewalkedintothekitchenthroughthebackdoorat11:00a.m.,Momhadjusthungupthephone.Sheaskedaboutourlittlegardeningbusiness.Surprisingly,shewasn’tangry,instead,shefoundourinitiativeamusing.SheexplainedthatMrs.Whitehadcalledher,expressingdisappointmentoverourbrokenpromise.Facedwiththemistake,weadmittedouroversightandpromisedtomakeasincereapologysometime.Insteadofcriticizingus,Mombusiedherselfwithlunchpreparationsasifnothinghadhappened.Wedidfeelatouchofguilt,butitwasquicklyovershadowedbywhatMomsaidnext.Aswemouthedonsandwiches,Momcasuallyasked,“WouldyouwasliketogotoDisneylandthisafternoon?”Wesprangintoaction,bathinganddressing,whichwaslikegettingreadyforabirthdayparty.Werushedoutside,notwantingtomissthebusthatwouldtakeusdowntown.Thesunwashighintheskyaswestoodoutside,ourbagspackedandheartsfullofanticipation.注意：1.續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Onthelanding,Momsaid,“Girls,wearenotgoingtoDisneylandtoday.”____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________WeknockedgentlyonMrs.White’sdoor,headsdownandheartsheavy.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

參考答案【答案】1．B2．D3．C【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了《MotherEarthNews》雜志的內(nèi)容定位、會員權(quán)益及退訂政策等信息?！窘馕觥?．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中提到的“Launchedin1970,eachbimonthlyissueofthemagazinefeaturespracticalandmoney-savinginformationoncuttingenergycosts;usingrenewableenergy;organicgardening;greenhomebuildingandremodeling;fundo-it-yourselfprojectsandself-sufficientlifestyles.(該雜志于1970年創(chuàng)刊，每期雙月刊以實用和省錢的資訊為特色，探討如何削減能源成本；使用可再生能源；有機園藝;綠色住宅建設(shè)與改造；有趣的自己動手的項目和自給自足的生活方式)”可推知，雜志主要涉及自給自足和環(huán)保意識相關(guān)的內(nèi)容。選項B符合這些主題。故選B。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中“Nolimitationtoonlinecontent—membersgettoviewthenewarticlesandprojectideasbeforenon-memberscan(對在線內(nèi)容沒有限制-會員可以在非會員之前查看新文章和項目創(chuàng)意)”可推知，會員福利之一就是比非會員更早獲得最新的文章。故選D。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中“Membershipprice:?PrintMembership:$38peryear(會員價格：印刷版會員每年38美元)并且在退款保證中說明“Wewillissueyouafullrefundonallunmailedissues(printedversiononly).(我們將對所有未郵寄的期刊進行全額退款)”可知，如果在半年的時候取消訂閱未郵寄的月份，則為19美元。故選C?！敬鸢浮?．A5．C6．D7．A【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者四年前在波特蘭買房后打理花園，面對貧瘠土壤，采用現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)方法改良，最終對土壤有全新認知的過程?！窘馕觥?．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Inprevious,muchtiniergardens,I’dfixitwithafewbagsofhigh-qualitysoilfromthenursery.(以前，在那些小得多的花園里，我會用從苗圃買來的幾袋優(yōu)質(zhì)土壤來改良土壤)”可知，作者過去是通過添加優(yōu)質(zhì)土壤來改善土壤的，也就是添加肥沃的土壤。故選A項。5．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Twocoreprinciplesofmodernagriculturecanguidethisshift:minimizingsoildisturbanceandemphasizingbiodiversity.Inpractice,growingcropsbyturns,prioritizingorganicinputsoverchemicalfertilizers,integratingcrops,treesandlivestock(現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的兩個核心原則可以指導這一轉(zhuǎn)變：盡量減少土壤擾動和強調(diào)生物多樣性。在實踐中，輪流種植作物；優(yōu)先使用有機肥料而非化肥；將農(nóng)作物、樹木以及家畜進行整合)”和劃線詞后面“…soilfrombeingwashedawaywithcovercrops(用覆蓋作物來……土壤被沖走)”可知，這里說的是一些現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的原則及實踐方法，提到用覆蓋作物來防止土壤被沖走，劃線詞在此處應(yīng)是“保護、防護”的意思，與“Sheltering”意思相近。故選C項。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“InMay,Idecidedtorelocateafloweringplant.AsIdugtheplantout,allmanneroflifeemerged.Earthwormsswungfromtheroots.Adaddylonglegshurriedforshelter.BelowtheplantIevennoticedthefinewhitelatticeofafungalmycelium.(五月的時候，我決定移栽一株開花植物。當我把這株植物挖出來時，各種各樣的生物都冒了出來。蚯蚓在根部扭動著，一只長腳蜘蛛匆匆尋找藏身之處。在這株植物的下方，我甚至還看到了真菌菌絲體那細密的白色網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu))”可知，本段描述了作者在移栽開花植物時，看到了蚯蚓、長腳蜘蛛以及真菌菌絲體等各種各樣的生物出現(xiàn)，展現(xiàn)了多種生物共存的情況，目的是說明形成了多物種的群落。故選D項。7．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thechallengebeforemewastorevitalizethesoil.(擺在我面前的挑戰(zhàn)是重振土壤)”和最后一段“Runningmyfingersthroughthesoil,Iunderstood,moreclearlythaneverbefore,thatItransformedmuchmorethanmyyard—itcompletelychangedthewayIthinkaboutsoil.It’snotsimplyasamediumforlife,butasalivingentity(個體)initsownright.(我用手指穿過土壤，比以往任何時候都更清楚地意識到，我改變的不僅僅是我的院子——它完全改變了我對土壤的看法。它不僅僅是作為生命的媒介，而且本身就是一個有生命的實體)”可知，文章主要講述了作者打理花園改造土壤的過程，通過實踐對土壤有了新的認識，認為土壤不僅僅是生命的介質(zhì)，它本身就是一個有生命的個體，強調(diào)了土壤的重要性及獨特“生命力”，因此，A選項“土壤的靈魂”作為標題最為合適，能夠概括文章的主旨。故選A項?！敬鸢浮?．A9．D10．C11．C【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了監(jiān)督文學文化的發(fā)展。評論家們在決定今天出版的哪些書應(yīng)該被貼上“即時經(jīng)典”的標簽，哪些書最適合被描述為“鮮為人知”，哪些書在過去幾十年或幾個世紀里出版，值得重新審視?！窘馕觥?．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Beginningintheearly20thcentury,reissuescomplicatedthosecategories.Olderbookslike“TheDudAvocado”and“Stoner”—andeven“Moby-Dick”and“TheGreatGatsby”—becamemorefamousuponreprintingthantheyhadbeenwhenoriginallypublished.(從20世紀初開始，重新發(fā)行使這些分類變得復雜。像《爛鱷梨》和《斯通納》這樣的老書，甚至《白鯨》和《了不起的蓋茨比》，在重印后比最初出版時更出名。)”可知，作者提到老書在重新分類發(fā)行后更出名，是為了說明重新發(fā)行會加大分類難度。故選A項。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Areissue,moreoftenthannotpublishedaftertheauthorisdead,rebalancesthepurposeofliteratureawayfromwriterintentandmoretowardreaderintent.(重新發(fā)行往往是在作者死后才出版，它重新平衡了文學的目的，使其遠離作者的意圖，更傾向于讀者的意圖。)”可知，重新發(fā)行把文學的焦點轉(zhuǎn)向了讀者的需要。故選D項。10．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Earlylastyear,thesmallmagazine n+1 restatedalongstandingpolicy:Nodeadpeople.(去年年初，小型雜志《n+1》重申了一項長期政策：不接受死人。)”和“Weneed,n+1argued,to“refocusthepublic’sattentionontheunder-readworkoftheliving.”(《n+1》認為，我們需要“把公眾的注意力重新集中到那些被忽視的活著的人的作品上”。)”可知，《n+1》期望從其政策中讓更多在世作家的聲音被聽到。故選C項。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Wedon’treissuetheworkofdeadauthorsinordertodorightbythem,butbecausetheirworkisapieceofhistory.(我們重新發(fā)行已故作者的作品不是為了對他們做正確的事，而是因為他們的作品是一段歷史。)”可知，作者認為重新發(fā)行已故作者的作品意味著獲得對歷史的洞察。故選C項?！军c睛】AtechnologywithrootsgoingbacktotheBronzeAgemayofferafastandinexpensiveapproachtohelpingachievetheUnitedNationsclimategoalofnetzeroemissionsby2050,accordingtorecentStanford-ledresearch.【答案】12．A13．A14．C15．D【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了古老火磚技術(shù)如何通過儲存熱能，幫助實現(xiàn)工業(yè)過程的可再生能源使用，從而助力全球凈零排放目標的實現(xiàn)?！窘馕觥?2．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Thetechnologyinvolvesfittingheat-absorbingbricksinaninsulated(隔熱的)container,wheretheycanstoreheatgeneratedbysolarorwindpowerforlateruseinindustrialprocesses.Theheatcanthenbereleasedwhenneededbypassingairthroughchannelsinthepilesof“firebricks”,thusallowingcement,steel,glass,andpaperfactoriestorunonrenewableenergyevenwhenwindandsunshineareunavailable.Thesesystemsareaformofthermalenergy(熱能)storage.(這項技術(shù)涉及在隔熱容器中安裝吸熱磚，這些磚可以儲存由太陽能或風能產(chǎn)生的熱量，以便在工業(yè)過程中后續(xù)使用。當需要時，可以通過在“耐火磚”堆中的通道通過空氣來釋放熱量，從而使水泥、鋼鐵、玻璃和造紙廠能夠在沒有風和陽光的情況下依然依靠可再生能源運行。這些系統(tǒng)是熱能存儲的一種形式)”可知，本段詳細說明了耐火磚儲能技術(shù)是將吸熱磚組裝在隔熱容器中，用來儲存太陽能或風能產(chǎn)生的熱量以便之后使用等內(nèi)容，即這項技術(shù)的工作原理。故選A項。13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的““Thedifferencesbetweenfirebrickstorageandbatterystoragearethatthefirebricksstoreheatratherthanelectricityandthattheircostisone-tenththecostofbatteries,”saidleadstudyauthorMarkZ.Jacobson,aprofessoratStanfordUniversity.(“耐火磚存儲與電池存儲的區(qū)別在于，耐火磚儲存的是熱量而不是電力，并且其成本僅為電池的十分之一，”該研究的主要作者、斯坦福大學的教授馬克·雅各布森說道)”可知，耐火磚儲能與電池儲能的差異在于耐火磚儲存熱量而非電力，且成本是電池的十分之一。故選A項。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theresearchersfoundthescenariowithfirebrickscouldcutcostsby$1.27trillionacrossthe149countries,whilereducingthedemandforelectricalenergyandenergystoragecapacityfrombatteries.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，使用耐火磚的場景可以在這149個國家中削減1.27萬億美元的成本，同時減少對電能的需求以及來自電池的儲能容量需求)”可知，研究者用模型對比兩種未來可再生能源場景，涉及耐火磚在其中的作用及優(yōu)勢，故推知，采用計算機模型是為了探索耐火磚的有效性。故選C項。15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容及第一段“AtechnologywithrootsgoingbacktotheBronzeAgemayofferafastandinexpensiveapproachtohelpingachievetheUnitedNationsclimategoalofnetzeroemissionsby2050,accordingtorecentStanford-ledresearch.(根據(jù)最近由斯坦福大學主導的研究，一種可以追溯到青銅時代的科技可能提供了一種快速且成本低廉的方法來幫助實現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國2050年凈零排放的氣候目標)”可知，文章主要介紹了一種可追溯到青銅時代的耐火磚儲能技術(shù)，該技術(shù)有助于實現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國凈零排放目標，即能夠助力向清潔能源的轉(zhuǎn)變。因此，選項D“一項古老的技術(shù)可以幫助轉(zhuǎn)向清潔能源”作為標題最為合適。故選D項?！敬鸢浮?6．G17．F18．E19．A20．B【分析】本文是一篇議論文。文章以蘇格拉底的名言“未經(jīng)審視的生活是不值得過的”為切入點，介紹了蘇格拉底方法，并闡述了自我反思的重要性以及未經(jīng)審視的生活的弊端?！窘馕觥?6．上文“Socrates,therenownedancientGreekphilosopher,famouslystated,‘Theunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving.’(著名的古希臘哲學家蘇格拉底有句名言：‘未經(jīng)審視的生活是不值得過的’)”引出了蘇格拉底的這句名言。G選項“Thispowerfuldeclarationservesasacalltodigdeeperintoone’sownthoughts.(這句有力的宣言呼吁人們更深入地挖掘自己的思想)”對這句名言進行了進一步解讀，說明其作用是引導人們深入思考自己的思想，與上文邏輯緊密。故選G項。17．上文“Theteachermaynotexplainwhatis‘right’or‘wrong’.(老師可能不會解釋什么是‘對’或‘錯’)”表明