新發(fā)展英語（第二版）綜合教程1 課件 Unit 12 Education

Unit12Education新發(fā)展英語1StudyFocus1.Thinkabouttheroleofauniversityeducationandhomework.2.Learntousewordsandexpressionsrelatedtoeducation.3.Practicewritingsentencesusingthestructureof“soasto”.4.LearnhowtowriteReceipts(收條).5.Giveyourownopiniononthearticle“UselessHomework”.

CONTENTS

IntensiveReadingSkillsBuildingFastReadingPartⅠPartⅡPartⅢPartⅠIntensiveReadingPartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionA.Discussthefollowingquestionswithyourpartners.(1)Whatdoyouexpectfromauniversityeducation?(2)HowdoyoulikethepresentuniversityeducationinChina?PartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionB.Readthefollowingsentencescarefullyandworkoutthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordsandexpressions.(1)Theartistisverycreative.Heputsalotofhighlyoriginalideasintohisdesigns.(2)Theautomobilefactoryhadaseriousproblem.Theirproductionwashinderedbylackofmaterials.(3)TheteacherknewthatBobwasdestinedforgreatthingsbecausehewasverysmartandgiftedwithasharpbusinessbrain.(4)Sheestimatedthattheworkwouldtakethreemonths.Solet’swait.PartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrases(1)Montesquieu:

孟德斯鳩(1689—1755)，法國政治哲學(xué)家、法學(xué)家、啟蒙思想家。(2)Jefferson:

杰斐遜(ThomasJefferson,1743—1826)，美國政治家、第三任總統(tǒng)、《獨(dú)立宣言》的主要起草人。(3)Goethe:

歌德（JohannWolfgangvonGoethe,1749—1832），德國詩人，代表作品《浮士德》。CulturalBackgroundDetailedLearningPartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrases(4)Marx:

馬克思(KarlMarx,1818—1883)，科學(xué)共產(chǎn)主義的奠基人，代表作品有《共產(chǎn)黨宣言》（與恩格斯合寫）和《資本論》等。(5)Gandhi:

甘地(MohandasKaramchandGandhi,1869—1948)，印度民族解放運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)袖，有“圣雄”之稱。

CulturalBackgroundDetailedLearningPartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrases(6)Austen:奧斯丁（JaneAusten,1775—1817），英國作家，代表作品

《傲慢與偏見》。(7)Balzac:巴爾扎克(HonorêdeBalzac,1799—1850)，法國作家，代表作品《人間喜劇》。(8)Tolstoy:托爾斯泰(LevTolstoy,1828—1910)，俄國作家，代表作品《安娜·卡列尼娜》、《戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)與和平》。

CulturalBackgroundDetailedLearningPartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesDetailedLearning(9)Twain:

馬克·吐溫(MarkTwain,1835—1910)，美國作家，代表作品《湯姆·索亞歷險(xiǎn)記》。(10)Shaw:

蕭伯納(GeorgeBernardShaw,1856—1950)，英國劇作家、評(píng)論家，代表作品《皮格馬利翁》(又譯《賣花女》)。(11)HenryAdams:亨利·亞當(dāng)斯(1838—1918)，美國歷史學(xué)家、教育家。CulturalBackgroundNewWordsandPhrasesPartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesDetailedLearning(12)Freud:

弗洛伊德(SigmundFreud,1856—1939)，奧地利精神病學(xué)家、精神分析學(xué)派心理學(xué)創(chuàng)始人。(13)Schweitzer:

施韋策(AlbertSchweitzer,1875—1965)，德國神學(xué)家、哲學(xué)家、醫(yī)生、管風(fēng)琴家，曾獲1952年諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)。CulturalBackgroundNewWordsandPhrasesPartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningDoUniversitiesBroadenMinds?1.Doesuniversitytraininghelporhinderindevelopingintellectualcapacitytodohighlyoriginalwork?Amonghighlycreativemodernthinkersthefollowingwereformallyeducated:Montesquieu,Jefferson,Goethe,Marx,andGandhi.Thesedidnotgotocollege:Austen,Balzac,Tolstoy,Twain,andShaw.

Translation1.在培養(yǎng)從事高創(chuàng)新性工作的智能方面，大學(xué)訓(xùn)練起到的是促進(jìn)還是阻礙的作用？在具有高度創(chuàng)新能力的現(xiàn)代思想家中，以下是接受過正規(guī)教育的：孟德斯鳩、杰斐遜、歌德、馬克思和甘地。而未上過大學(xué)的有：奧斯丁、巴爾扎克、托爾斯泰、馬克·吐溫和蕭伯納。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning2.Brightpeoplecanteachthemselves.AsHenryAdamssaid,“Noonecaneducateanyoneelse.Youhavetodoitforyourself.”Thereshould,ofcourse,beequivalencyexamsfortheself-taught,aswellason-the-jobtraining,formostprofessions.Translation2.聰慧的人能夠自學(xué)。正如亨利·亞當(dāng)說的：“沒有人能真正教育其他任何人。你必須自己教育自己。”當(dāng)然，應(yīng)該有為自學(xué)者設(shè)立的同等學(xué)力考試，以及為大多數(shù)從業(yè)者舉辦的在職培訓(xùn)。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning3.Somewouldclaimthatiftheyouthfulwereencouragedtoactfreely,theirinitiativewouldbetoogreat;thattheywouldgocrazy.ButIthinknot:Mostwouldmarry;otherswouldtravel,invent,andcarryonoriginalworkonallsortsoflines.Earlymarriagecouldbalancemanyofthemsotheycouldworkbetter.Itisworthrememberinginthisconnectionthatamongtheyoung,idealismandfaithareuncommonlystrong.Translation3.一些人斷言：如果鼓勵(lì)年輕人自作主張，那么他們將過于自主，甚至無法無天。但我不這樣認(rèn)為：大部分年輕人會(huì)結(jié)婚；其他人會(huì)去旅游，去發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，在各行各業(yè)中從事獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的工作。早婚可以使他們中的許多人得到平衡，從而更好地工作。年輕人有著超乎尋常的強(qiáng)烈的理想主義和信念，這一點(diǎn)是值得我們記住的。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning4.Thosedestinedforordinaryjobsdon’tneedtolearnanythingtaughtincollege,andmanyofthemknowit.Theyattendcollegebecauseit’sthethingtodo.Theytendtotake“snaps”suchasEnglishliteratureorsociology.Iseenoobjectiontolettingthemenjoythemselvesatprivatecollegesiftheywantto.Pre-readingPreparation4.那些注定從事普通工作的人不必學(xué)習(xí)大學(xué)所教的任何內(nèi)容，而且他們大多都了解這一點(diǎn)。他們之所以上大學(xué)是因?yàn)檫@是件必做的事兒。他們往往是輕輕松松走過場(chǎng)，諸如聽一聽英國文學(xué)或是上一上社會(huì)學(xué)課。如果他們?cè)敢獾脑挘液敛环磳?duì)任其在私立學(xué)校里享受生活。TranslationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning5.Publicuniversitiesshould,Ithink,confinethemselvestoserioustraining.ThenumberenteringshouldbepresetasinSweden,soastotrainthequantityofpeopleneededtofittheestimatednumberofopeningsineachprofession,alwaysallowingfortheriseofsomepersonsviaequivalencyexams.Translation5.我認(rèn)為公立大學(xué)應(yīng)當(dāng)將其目標(biāo)限于嚴(yán)格的訓(xùn)練。入學(xué)的人數(shù)應(yīng)像瑞典那樣預(yù)先設(shè)定，以便于培訓(xùn)出每種職業(yè)所需要的能勝任預(yù)估空缺職位的人員，對(duì)那些通過同等學(xué)力考試而升學(xué)的人也應(yīng)始終予以考慮。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning6.Collegerepresentsnowtoomuchofagoodthing.Therearetoomanylearnedprofessorsandsectionleaderstoadjustto,toomanybookstohastenthroughatasetspeedandtoomanyyearstoplodawayonthetreadmill.APh.D.subjectinhistoryisnowexpectedtotakefourtoeightyears—ontopofthetwelveinschoolandfourincollege.Translation6.如今，大學(xué)呈現(xiàn)的是一個(gè)過度美好的繁景。其實(shí)，大學(xué)里有太多博學(xué)的教授和部門領(lǐng)導(dǎo)要去適應(yīng)，有太多的書要以一定的速度匆匆讀完，還要花太多的年頭忙于單調(diào)乏味的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)。而且除了十二年中小學(xué)和四年大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)以外，現(xiàn)在攻讀歷史學(xué)博士課程預(yù)計(jì)還要再花四到八年的時(shí)間。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPerhaps,worstofall,thePh.D.subjectisdeliberatelykeptsmall,sothatthestudentwillbeabletoclaimmasteryofsomething.Fourtoeightyearsofdeliberatenarrowingmayhavetheeffectofincapacitatinghimfromevertakingabroadviewofanything.Onlyasturdysoul,suchasaFreudoraSchweitzer,cancomethroughallthisandstillretaintheabilitytothinkforhimself.Universitystudycould,withnointrinsicloss,beshortenedfromeightyearstofour.Translation或許，更糟的是，博士課程的范圍被故意縮小，以便學(xué)生能夠自稱掌握了一點(diǎn)東西。這四至八年蓄意限制的學(xué)習(xí)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致學(xué)生不再能以開闊的視角去看待事物。只有意志堅(jiān)定的人，諸如像弗洛伊德或施韋策，才能經(jīng)受所有這些，且仍能保持自我思維的能力。大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)，可從八年縮短到四年，而不會(huì)有本質(zhì)上的損失。Pre-readingPreparationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning7.Thesesuggestedreductionsincompulsoryeducationwouldhaveanotherpowerfuladvantage:Theymightsetourpeople’smindslargelyfree,aresultsurelytobewished.7.這些對(duì)義務(wù)教育進(jìn)行縮減的建議將有另一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的優(yōu)勢(shì)：它們或許會(huì)使人們享有充分的思維自由，而這肯定是人們所希望的結(jié)果。Pre-readingPreparationTranslationPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning1.Doesuniversitytraininghelporhinderindevelopingintellectualcapacitytodohighlyoriginalwork?(Para.1)

1)hinder:vt.妨礙，阻止vi.起阻礙作用a.Thisunfortunateincidentmayhindertheprogressofthepeacetalks.

這一不幸事件可能會(huì)阻礙和平談判的進(jìn)程。b.Whatistohinderyoufromtrying?

是什么阻止你進(jìn)行嘗試？Pre-readingPreparationBackPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning2)capacity:n.能力a.Hercapacitytoremembertelephonenumbersisremarkable.

她記憶電話號(hào)碼的能力驚人。b.Hehasagreatcapacityforenjoyinghimself.

他自娛自樂的能力很強(qiáng)。Pre-readingPreparationNextPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning辨析：ability/capability/capacityability主要指體力、腦力或機(jī)械工作的能力或力量Hehastheabilitytodothework.他有做這項(xiàng)工作的能力。capability(todosth./ofdoingsth./forsth.)指能做某事的素質(zhì)，能力Youhavethecapabilitytodo/ofdoingthisjobwell.

你有能力把這項(xiàng)工作做好。capacity(forsth.)指生產(chǎn)、體會(huì)、理解或?qū)W習(xí)的能力Mansharesthecapacityforloveandhate,angerandfear,loyaltyandgriefwithotherlivingcreatures.

人類與其他動(dòng)物一樣，都有愛、恨、生氣、害怕、忠誠和悲傷的能力。Pre-readingPreparationBackPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning2.Thereshould,ofcourse,beequivalencyexamsfortheself-taught,aswellason-the-jobtraining,formostprofessions.(Para.2)

aswellas:

和；既……又……a.Air,aswellaswater,isneededtomakeplantsgrow.

空氣和水都是植物生長所必需的。b.Heiscourageousaswellasstrong.

他既勇敢又強(qiáng)壯。Pre-readingPreparationBackPartⅠPre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning3.Somewouldclaimthatiftheyouthfulwereencouragedtoactfreely,theirinitiativewouldbetoogreat;thattheywouldgocrazy...Itisworthrememberinginthisconnectionthatamongtheyoung,idealismandfaithareuncommonlystrong.(Para.3)

【補(bǔ)充】20世紀(jì)80年代末90年代初，無政府主義回潮，影響著一部分美國青年。他們的行為通常表現(xiàn)得激進(jìn)狂野，甚至暴力。作者則是從積極的角度看待這些年輕人的熱情及其堅(jiān)定的信仰。BackPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning1)initiative:n.主動(dòng)性a.Iwishmysonwouldshowabitmoreinitiative.

我真希望我兒子能稍稍表現(xiàn)得主動(dòng)一點(diǎn)。b.Healwaystakestheinitiativeinmakingfriends.他總是主動(dòng)交友。2)gocrazy:

發(fā)瘋了go(+adj.):vi.變?yōu)?，開始變?yōu)槟程囟顟B(tài)a.Shealmostwentmadwhensheheardthebadnews.

聽到這個(gè)壞消息，她幾乎瘋了。b.Myfather’shairhasgonegray.

我父親的頭發(fā)已經(jīng)變得灰白了。Pre-readingPreparationBackPartⅠTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearning4.Mostwouldmarry;otherswouldtravel,invent,andcarryonoriginalworkonallsortsoflines.(Para.3)1)carryon:

繼續(xù)開展；堅(jiān)持a.Wecancarryonourdiscussionafterlunch.

午飯后我們可以繼續(xù)討論。b.Carryonwithyourwork.繼續(xù)干你的工作吧。2)allsortsoflines:

各行各業(yè)line:n.行業(yè)，行當(dāng)Whatlineofworkareyouin?你是干哪行的？Pre-readingPreparationBackPartⅠDetailedLearning5.Itisworthrememberinginthisconnectionthatamongtheyoung,idealismandfaithareuncommonlystrong.(Para.3)1)worth(sth./doingsth.):prep.值得做………a.Wemaynotsucceed,butit’sworthatry.

我們也許不會(huì)成功，但這事值得一試。b.Itiswellworthmakingtheefforttolearnhowtodoit.

很值得花氣力去學(xué)如何做這事。2)inthis/thatconnection:關(guān)于這/那一點(diǎn)，相當(dāng)于withreferencetothis/thatYouhavejustmentionedholidays.Inthisconnection,Iwouldliketomakeasuggestion.你剛提到假期。關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)，我想提一個(gè)建議。Pre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesBackPartⅠ6.Thosedestinedforordinaryjobsdon’tneedtolearnanythingtaughtincollege,andmanyofthemknowit.(Para.4)destined:adj.命中注定的，預(yù)定的

bedestinedfor:

注定要……；預(yù)定要……a.Theboyisdestinedforanactingcareer.這個(gè)男孩注定是要當(dāng)演員的。b.ThisisashipthatisdestinedforAmerica.這艘船是開往美國的。

bedestinedtodosth.:

注定要做……；預(yù)定要做……Hewasdestinedtobeanactor.他注定是要成為演員的。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ7.Theytendtotake“snaps”suchasEnglishliteratureorsociology.(Para.4)snap:n.輕而易舉之事

（在作者看來，相對(duì)于其他理工科學(xué)科來說，英國文學(xué)和社會(huì)學(xué)這類課程比較輕松易學(xué)）Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ8.Iseenoobjectiontolettingthemenjoythemselvesatprivatecollegesiftheywantto.(Para.4)objection(to):n.反對(duì)（某人或某事）；反對(duì)的理由a.Hehasastrongobjectiontogettingupearly.

他強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)早起。b.Myobjectionisthatheistooyoung.

我反對(duì)的理由是他太年輕了。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ9.Publicuniversitiesshould,Ithink,confinethemselvestoserioustraining.(Para.5)

confine(to):vt.使局限于，限制a.Pleaseconfineyourremarkstotheissuesathand.

請(qǐng)你說話不要離題。b.Thesickchildwasconfinedtobed.

這個(gè)生病的小孩只能臥床休息。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ10.ThenumberenteringshouldbepresetasinSweden,soastotrainthequantityofpeopleneededtofittheestimatednumberofopeningsineachprofession,alwaysallowingfortheriseofsomepersonsviaequivalencyexams.(Para.5)

1)soasto:以便（表示目的）Mailyourpackageearlysoastoensureitstimelyarrival.早點(diǎn)寄出你的包裹以便保證它能及時(shí)寄到。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ2)estimate:vt.估計(jì)，估價(jià)Themoviecostanestimated$25milliontomake.拍攝這部電影預(yù)計(jì)要花費(fèi)2,500萬英鎊。3)allowfor:考慮；顧及a.Wemustallowforhisinexperience.我們必須考慮到他缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)。b.Ittakesabouttwohourstogettotheirofficebuilding,allowingforpossibletrafficdelays.將可能遇到的交通延誤考慮在內(nèi)的話，到他們的辦公大樓大約要花兩小時(shí)。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ【補(bǔ)充】瑞典高等院校在辦學(xué)方面有較大的自主權(quán)，使得學(xué)生有更多的選擇專業(yè)的余地。各高等院校不同專業(yè)的招生規(guī)模取決于市場(chǎng)需求，經(jīng)費(fèi)撥款取決于教育質(zhì)量和招生人數(shù)；教學(xué)計(jì)劃和課程設(shè)置的決定權(quán)下放到學(xué)校；學(xué)生在選擇專業(yè)和課程方面擁有更多的靈活性。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ11.Therearetoomanylearnedprofessorsandsectionleaderstoadjustto,toomanybookstohastenthroughatasetspeedandtoomanyyearstoplodawayonthetreadmill.(Para.6)1)adjustto:

適應(yīng)，調(diào)節(jié)Thebodyquicklyadjusts(itself)tochangesintemperature.

身體迅速（自行）調(diào)節(jié)以適應(yīng)氣溫的變化。2)hasten:vt.快速完成，加速；搶著（說）vi.趕緊a.Thedeathbedstrugglesoftheenemiescanonlyhastentheirowndoom.

敵人的垂死掙扎只能加速他們的滅亡。b.Ihastentosaythatheisnothurt.我急忙說他沒有受傷。c.Shehastenedhomeafterwork.她下班后急忙回家。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ3)plod:vi.孜孜不倦，堅(jiān)持不懈地或單調(diào)地工作或行動(dòng)Thesecretaryisploddingthroughamountainofpaperwork.

秘書正在成堆的文件中埋頭苦干。4)treadmill:n.踏車；單調(diào)乏味的工作。

這里表示完成學(xué)業(yè)這件苦差事。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ12.APh.D.subjectinhistoryisnowexpectedtotakefourtoeightyears—ontopofthetwelveinschoolandfourincollege.(Para.6)ontopof:

相當(dāng)于inadditionto除……之外（還）a.Helosthisjobandontopofthathiswifelefthim.

他失了業(yè)，此外，他妻子也離開了他。b.Ontopofeverythingelse,mycarhasbeenstolen.

除了所有這些，我的車還被偷了。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ13.Fourtoeightyearsofdeliberatenarrowingmayhavetheeffectofincapacitatinghimfromevertakingabroadviewofanything.(Para.6)1)incapacitate(sb.from):vt.使（某人）不能做某事，使無能力Hewasincapacitatedfromworkingaftertheaccident.

事故后他失去了工作能力。2)takea…viewof:

對(duì)某事持……的看法/觀點(diǎn)takeageneralviewoftheeconomicaldevelopment:綜觀經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展takeadim/darkviewof:對(duì)……持悲觀的態(tài)度Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠ14.Onlyasturdysoul,suchasaFreudoraSchweitzer,cancomethroughallthisandstillretaintheabilitytothinkforhimself.(Para.6)1)sturdy:adj.堅(jiān)定的；不屈的Thedemonstratorsofferedasturdyresistancetothepolice.

示威群眾對(duì)警方予以堅(jiān)決的抵抗。2)comethrough:

經(jīng)受住a.Thedriverhadlostsomuchbloodthathewasluckytocomethroughtheoperation.

那司機(jī)流了許多血，手術(shù)后能活下來是夠幸運(yùn)的。b.Shecamethroughwithoutevenascratch.

她毫發(fā)未損地安全脫險(xiǎn)。Pre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningBackPartⅠ15.1)美國的教育制度：

美國的學(xué)校分為公立和私立兩種，多數(shù)州實(shí)行12年義務(wù)教育。各州學(xué)制不一，大部分為小學(xué)六年、初中三年、高中三年。高等教育有兩年制的專科、四年制的大學(xué)本科以及二至四年的研究生院。

2)美國的職業(yè)教育：

自20世紀(jì)90年代以來，美國聯(lián)邦政府為了滿足那些不希望上大學(xué)的學(xué)生（所謂的“被忽視的大多數(shù)”或“被遺忘的一半”）的要求，進(jìn)行了一系列職教立法及相應(yīng)的改革，通過課程一體化、技術(shù)準(zhǔn)備、合作課程、專門生涯班級(jí)、青年學(xué)徒制、青年學(xué)生行業(yè)組織和校辦企業(yè)等措施，使學(xué)生能夠了解行業(yè)企業(yè)，獲得就業(yè)所需要的職業(yè)能力。

3)Ph.D.:哲學(xué)博士，拉丁語PhilosophiaeDoctor的簡(jiǎn)寫，相當(dāng)于DoctorofPhilosophy。Pre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningBackPartⅠ16.Thesesuggestedreductionsincompulsoryeducationwouldhaveanotherpowerfuladvantage:Theymightsetourpeople’smindslargelyfree,aresultsurelytobewished.(Para.7)1)compulsoryeducation:國家法律規(guī)定的對(duì)公民的義務(wù)教育2)aresultsurelytobewished

是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于狀語從句，對(duì)主句加以評(píng)注說明。此句也可以表述為：Theymightsetourpeople’smindslargelyfree.Andthatresultwassurelytobewished.3)作者在此對(duì)全文作總結(jié)，故提及前文關(guān)于縮短義務(wù)教育學(xué)制的建議。Pre-readingPreparationBackTextReadingComprehensionCulturalNotesNewWordsandPhrasesDetailedLearningPartⅠTextFactSearchingReadingAnalysisDecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).Thengobacktothetextforacheckofyourunderstanding.Youshouldtellwhichline(s)ofwhichparagraphsupport(s)you.Finally,workinpairstocorrectthosefalsestatements.1.Noneofthehighlycreativemodernthinkershadauniversityeducation.(F)Line(s)2–4Para.1.

Someofthehighlycreativemodernthinkershadauniversityeducation:Montesquieu,Jefferson,Goethe,etc.Pre-readingPreparationReadingComprehensionTeamWorkInformationOrganizationPartⅠTextFactSearchingReadingAnalysis2.Accordingtotheauthor,youngpeoplehaveastrongsenseofidealismandfaith.(T)Line(s)5–6Para.3.

3.Thereisagreatneedforthosedestinedforordinaryjobstolearnsomethingincollege.(F)Line(s)1–2Para.4.

Thosedestinedforordinaryjobsdon’tneedtolearnanythingtaughtincollege,andmanyofthemknowit.Pre-readingPreparationReadingComprehensionInformationOrganizationTeamWorkPartⅠTextFactSearchingReadingAnalysis4.Publicuniversitiesshouldgivetheirstudentsserioustraining.(T)Line(s)1

Para.5.5.Itseemsthatwhatcollegerepresentsnowisnotthesameasweexpected.(T)Line(s)1–9Para.6.6.Theauthorhasapositiveattitudetowardsthesuggestedreductionsincompulsoryeducation.(T)Line(s)1–3Para.7.Pre-readingPreparationReadingComprehensionInformationOrganizationTeamWorkPartⅠTextChoosethebestoptiontocompleteeachstatementaccordingtothetext.1.“Brightpeoplecanteachthemselves.”(Line1,Para.2)meansthat___.A.brightpeopleneedtoenteruniversityB.brightpeopleareclevererthanothersC.brightpeoplecanlearnsomethingbythemselvesD.brightpeoplecanhaveabrightfuturePre-readingPreparationReadingComprehensionFactSearchingReadingAnalysisInformationOrganizationTeamWorkPartⅠText2.Accordingtotheauthor,mostoftheyouthful___,iftheywereencouragedtoactfreely.A.wouldgocrazy B.maydosomethingusefulC.wouldhavetoogreataninitiative D.wouldbesingleforever3.PublicuniversityshoulddothefollowingEXCEPT___.A.restrictthemselvestostricttrainingB.presetthenumberofstudentsC.trainstudentsfordifferentprofessionsD.refusestudentsviaequivalencyexamsPre-readingPreparationReadingComprehensionFactSearchingReadingAnalysisInformationOrganizationTeamWorkPartⅠText4.Theauthormentioned___asexamplesofpeoplewhocouldretaintheabilitytothinkforthemselvesafterfinishingtheirPh.D.study.A.AustenandBalzacB.FreudandSchweitzerC.TolstoyandTwainD.ShawandHenryAdamsPre-readingPreparationReadingComprehensionInformationOrganizationFactSearchingReadingAnalysisTeamWorkPartⅠText5.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthearticlewastoshowthat___.A.thereisnoneedforanypeopletohaveuniversitytrainingB.publicuniversitiesandprivatecollegesareuselessC.theyoungpeople’sidealismandfaithareuncommonlystrongD.compulsoryeducationshouldbereducedtosetpeople’smindsfreePre-readingPreparationReadingComprehensionInformationOrganizationFactSearchingReadingAnalysisTeamWorkPartⅠInformationOrganization

Completethefollowingoutlineforabetterunderstandingofthetextorganization.Pre-readingPreparationTextReadingComprehensionFactSearchingReadingAnalysisDoUniversitiesBroadenMinds?Mainidea:Universitiesaretotrainpeopleforhighlyoriginalworkandsoitshouldbereducedtosetpeople’smindsfree.Introductionoftopic:(Para.1)_______________________________________Arguments:(Paras.2—6)1Brightpeoplecanteach______________.2Thosedestinedforordinaryjobsdon’tneed_____________________.3Publicuniversitiesshould___________________________________.4Universitystudyisnowtoolongandthusmaynarrow________________.5Universitystudycould,withnointrinsicloss,beshortenedfrom_______yearsto______.Conclusion:(Para.7)___________________________________________________.Doesuniversitytrainingbroadenminds?themselvesuniversityeducationconfinethemselvestoserioustrainingReductioninuniversityeducationcansetpeople’smindsfreeTeamWorkstudents’vieweightfourPartⅠReadingComprehensionTeamWorkDiscussthefollowingtopicwithyourteammates.UniversityEducationinChinaSTEP

①Brainstorming:WhatcanyouthinkofwhenyouseethewordUNIVERSITY?Trytofillinthecirclesasmanywordsyoulearnedaspossible.Youmaygroupyourwordsintonouns,adjectivesandverbs.Pre-readingPreparationTextInformationOrganizationFactSearchingReadingAnalysisPartⅠReadingComprehensionTeamWorkSTEP

②Shareyouranswerswithothermembersandthendiscussthemingroups:IsuniversityeducationabsolutelynecessarynowforpeopleinChina?Youneedtosupportyouropinionwithgoodreasons.STEP

③Discussordebate(辯論)inthewholeclass.Pre-readingPreparationTextInformationOrganizationFactSearchingReadingAnalysisPartⅡSkillsBuildingPartⅡWordFormsKeyStructures1Turnthefollowingadjectivesintoverbsthatendwith“-en”,andthengivetheirChinesemeanings.

一些形容詞后可加后綴-en，構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞，表示“使成為”，“使變得”。WritingVocabularyTranslationAdjectiveVerbChinesebroadbroarden加寬，變寬，拓寬sharpwidebrightweaksharpen使變鋒利，使增強(qiáng)widen加寬，變寬，放寬brighten使變亮，使愉快weaken使變?nèi)?，減弱PartⅡ2Pleasefillintheblankswiththeappropriatewordsfromtheabovetable.(1)Youshould__________yourmindbytravelingmore.(2)Theywatchedhergradually__________.(3)Please________thispencilforme.(4)Theroadisbeing__________________torelievethetrafficpressure.broadensharpenweakenwidened/broadenedWordFormsVocabularyKeyStructuresTranslationWritingPartⅡ3Turnthefollowingverbsintoverbsthatbeginwith“pre-”,andthengivetheirChinesemeanings.

一些動(dòng)詞前可加前綴pre-，表示預(yù)先，預(yù)備，提前發(fā)生此動(dòng)作。Verbpre-+VerbChinesesetviewjudgepayheatpreviewprejudgepreheatprepaypreset預(yù)習(xí)；預(yù)覽預(yù)先判斷預(yù)付預(yù)熱預(yù)置WordFormsVocabularyKeyStructuresTranslationWritingPartⅡ4Pleasefillintheblankswiththeappropriatewordsfromtheabovetable.(1)Wecan’t__________thematterwithsolittleevidence(證據(jù)).(2)__________theovenandcookthepie.(3)OurEnglishteacherasksusto__________lessons.(4)Thisisa__________envelopeandsoyoudon’thavetopasteanystamps.prejudgepreviewPreheatprepaidWordFormsVocabularyKeyStructuresTranslationWritingPartⅡWordForms1Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingsentences.VocabularyKeyStructures(1)Studentsarerequiredto___schoolfromMondaytoFridayeveryweek.

A.pretend B.attend C.intend D.tend(2)Thisjobrequires___faculties(能力)andgreatpatience.A.intelligent B.intelligible C.intellect D.intellectual(3)Mymainobjection___theplanisthatitwouldbetooexpensive.A.at B.for C.with D.toTranslationWritingPartⅡ(4)Women___tolivelongerthanmen.A.attend B.tend C.intend D.pretend(5)Thehitchhikersreachedthetownafteralongwalkand___wearilytothehotel.A.plodded B.strolled C.crawled D.rushed(6)ThoughJackisanintroverted(內(nèi)向的)student,hetookthe___inmakingacquaintances(結(jié)交朋友).A.initial B.initiate C.initiator D.initiativeWordFormsVocabularyKeyStructuresTranslationWritingPartⅡ3Completethefollowingsentenceswiththeexpressionsgiveninthebox.(1)Withsuchaweakheart,________________________________________

(她幸運(yùn)地過了手術(shù)關(guān)).WordFormsVocabularyKeyStructurescomethroughcarryonshewasluckytocomethroughtheoperationTranslationWriting(2)________________________________inspiteofthebadweather(他們決定繼續(xù)工作).

TheydecidedtocarryontheirworkPartⅡ(3)Thefreshmanwas______________________________________________(無法適應(yīng)新的大學(xué)環(huán)境).WordFormsVocabularyKeyStructuresadjusttosetoffareworthbeinglovedbyyouunabletoadjusthimselftothenewcollegeenvironmentTranslationWriting(4)Thepeoplewholoveyou________________________(值得被你所愛).PartⅡKeyStructuresRewritethefollowingsentencesaftertheirmodels.

ModelATheymightsetourpeople’smindslargelyfree.Andthatresultwassurelytobewished.（獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式）

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