Unit 6 單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講精練（原卷版）

選擇性必修第2冊(cè)Unit6Survival目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航重點(diǎn)詞匯1．seasideadj.2．newcomern．3．lambn．4．garlicn．5．crucialadj.6．kitn．7．clayn．8．indoorsadv.9．firefightern．10．blazen．11．fierceadj.12．Marsn．13．wipev．14．nuclearadj.15．unmannedadj.16．spacecraftn．17．orbitv．18．a(chǎn)stronautn．19．capsulen．20．trunkn．21．thiefn．22．foxn．23．urbanadj.24．garbagen．25．estimatev．26．caven．27．fueln28．a(chǎn)gencyn．29．inferv．詞匯拓展1．crimen．罪，罪行→n．罪犯adj.犯罪的2．suburbn．郊區(qū)，城郊→adj.郊區(qū)的；市郊的3．greedyadj.貪婪的，貪心的；渴望的→n．貪婪；渴望4．commitv．犯(錯(cuò)誤或罪行)→n．承諾；保證；獻(xiàn)身；投入5．a(chǎn)ppreciatev．欣賞；賞識(shí)；鑒賞→n．欣賞；感激→adj.贊賞的；感激的6．restrictv．限制，控制→n．限制；限定→adj.限制性的7．hikern．徒步旅行者，遠(yuǎn)足者→v．去遠(yuǎn)足8．optimisticadj.樂(lè)觀的；樂(lè)觀主義的→n．樂(lè)觀主義→adj.悲觀的9．consumptionn．(精力、油、電等的)消耗量→v．消耗→n．消費(fèi)者10．reactvi.做出反應(yīng)，回應(yīng)→n．反應(yīng)，回應(yīng)11．monthlyadj.每月一次的→n．月，月份12．a(chǎn)dvancedadj.先進(jìn)的，高級(jí)的→vi.前進(jìn)；取得進(jìn)展n．進(jìn)展，進(jìn)步13．terrifyingadj.極其可怕的，駭人聽聞的→adj.害怕的→v．使害怕14．consistv．由……組成→adj.一致的15．exposev．使暴露(于險(xiǎn)境)→n．暴露，顯露→adj.暴露的重點(diǎn)詞組1．適應(yīng)；與……一致2．提供；供使用3．確實(shí)，確定無(wú)疑4．應(yīng)付(某種情況)5．使……處于控制之下6．?dāng)[脫，除去7．徹底摧毀，消滅8．由……組成，由……構(gòu)成9．在此期間，與此同時(shí)10．分開11．面臨12．暴露于……重點(diǎn)句型1．Withnowhereelsetomaketheirhomes，theyinwithus.由于無(wú)處安家，它們別無(wú)選擇只能搬來(lái)和我們一起住。2．，theyofferincreasinglyappealingspacestoanimalslookingfornewhabitats.隨著我們的城市環(huán)境變得更好，它們?yōu)閷ふ倚聴⒌氐膭?dòng)物提供了越來(lái)越吸引人的空間。3．towardsharmoniouslysharingoururbanhabitats.只有這樣，我們才能期待和諧地共享我們的城市棲息地。4．humankindisdrawntowardsMars，withdreamsofmakingitoursecondhome.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，人類被火星吸引，夢(mèng)想著把它作為我們的第二個(gè)家園。知識(shí)精講知識(shí)精講1greedyadj.貪婪的，貪心的(教材P62)Spottingthecarwithitswindowleftopen，thegreedythiefdidn'thesitate.貪婪的竊賊在發(fā)現(xiàn)有輛車的車窗未關(guān)后，沒(méi)有絲毫猶豫。Thefoxbroughtupallhehadeatenthismorning.這個(gè)貪吃的狐貍把今天早晨吃下去的東西全都吐了出來(lái)。[知識(shí)拓展](1)begreedyfor begreedytodo... itisgreedyofsb.todo... (2)greedn. greedilyadv. 2commitvt.投入；犯(錯(cuò)誤或罪行)；做(錯(cuò)事等)；把……委托于，交付；承諾(教材P62)Nomatterhowmanycrimeshecommitted，thepolicewerepowerlesstoarresthim.不論他犯罪多少次，警察都無(wú)法抓捕到他。Youdon'thavetotoanythingoverthephone.你不用在電話里承諾什么。[知識(shí)拓展](1)commitacrime commitsuicide commit...to... commitsb./oneselfto(doing)sth. (2)committedadj. becommittedto (3)commitmentn. makeacommitment [名師點(diǎn)津]commitoneselfto(doing)sth.表示“專心致志于……”，to是介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。3inone'sway擋某人的路；妨礙(教材P62)Wherevertheygo，animalsfindtownsandcitiesintheirway.動(dòng)物不論走到哪里，都發(fā)現(xiàn)有城鎮(zhèn)攔路。You'llhavetomove—you're.你得挪一挪，你擋了我的路。[知識(shí)拓展]inaway bytheway innoway intheway Noway! 4outofreach夠不著，達(dá)不到(教材P62)Outofreachfrommanyoftheirnaturalpredators，thesenewcomersoftenflourishintheirnewcitylives.由于遠(yuǎn)離自然界中的許多天敵，這些新來(lái)者往往在新城市生活中蓬勃發(fā)展。Putyouralarm，willyou?把鬧鐘放在夠不著的地方，好嗎？[知識(shí)拓展]within(one's)reach reachforsth. reachout(tosb.) reachanagreement 5underconstruction在建造中；正在施工之中(教材P62)Today，foxescanbeseenalloverLondon—oneevenbeingfoundlivingonthe72ndflooroftheShardbuildingwhenitwasunderconstruction!如今，倫敦到處都能看到狐貍，甚至在建的夏德大廈的72層就住著一只狐貍！Thestudioisstillandwon'topenuntilmid-Marchnextyear.這個(gè)工作室仍在籌建中，明年三月中旬才能營(yíng)業(yè)。[知識(shí)拓展]understudy underexamination underinvestigation undertreatment undercontrol underrepair underdiscussion 6fitinwith適應(yīng)；符合；與……一致(教材P62)Someanimalshaveevenchangedtheirlivinghabitstofitinwiththeirnewhomes.一些動(dòng)物甚至改變了它們的生活習(xí)慣來(lái)適應(yīng)它們的新家。Productionofthegoodsmusttheneedsofthesociety.商品生產(chǎn)必須符合社會(huì)需要。[知識(shí)拓展](1)fitin fitintosth. (2)befitfor/todosth. keepfit/healthy 7estimatev．估計(jì)，估算n．(對(duì)大小、數(shù)量、成本等的)估計(jì)；估價(jià)(教材P63)Recentstudiesestimatethatbetween400millionand1billionbirdsdiefromwindowimpactseachyearintheUSalone.近期研究估計(jì)，僅在美國(guó)，每年就有4億到10億只鳥因撞向窗戶死亡。Theybasedtheironthestatisticsforthelastthreeyears.他們以過(guò)去三年的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)為根據(jù)進(jìn)行估算。[知識(shí)拓展](1)estimatesth.(atsth.) estimatethat從句 it'sestimatedthat... make/formanestimateofsth. aroughestimate (2)underestimatev. overestimatev. 8appreciatev．欣賞，賞識(shí)(教材P63)Howevertheyadapttoourwaysofurbanliving，it'simportantthatwegetabetterunderstandingofandevenlearntoappreciateourwildneighbours.不論它們?nèi)绾芜m應(yīng)我們的城市生活，更好地理解甚至學(xué)會(huì)欣賞我們的野生鄰居是非常重要的。Youwillhisnovelbetterifyouunderstandhischildhood.如果你了解了他的童年，就能更好地欣賞他的小說(shuō)。[知識(shí)拓展](1)appreciatesth. appreciate(one's)doingsth. Iwouldappreciateitif... (2)appreciationn. inappreciationof (3)appreciativeadj. [名師點(diǎn)津]appreciate后不接不定式；其后只能接“事”作賓語(yǔ)，而不能接“人”作賓語(yǔ)；且其后不直接跟從句，需先接it，再接從句，類似用法的動(dòng)詞還有：like，enjoy，hate，love，take，have等。9restrictv．限制；控制(教材P64)Someenvironmentalistsarguethatweshouldrestricturbandevelopmenttoleaveenoughnaturalhabitatsforwildanimals.一些環(huán)保人士認(rèn)為，我們應(yīng)該限制城市發(fā)展，為野生動(dòng)物留下足夠的自然棲息地。Thereistalkofraisingtheadmissionrequirementstothenumberofstudentsoncampus...有傳聞稱將通過(guò)提高錄取條件來(lái)限制在校學(xué)生的數(shù)目。[知識(shí)拓展](1)restrict...to...restrictoneselfto(doing)sth.(2)restrictionn. make/placerestrictionson 10“only＋狀語(yǔ)”引起的倒裝(教材P63)Onlythencanwelooktowardsharmoniouslysharingoururbanhabitats.只有那時(shí)，我們才能展望與它們和諧分享城市棲息地的未來(lái)。[句式分析]句中only修飾時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)then，置于句首，句子用部分倒裝，把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can提前。inthiswaycanwelearnEnglish.只有這樣我們才能學(xué)會(huì)英語(yǔ)。whenthewarwasoverin1918washeabletogetbacktowork.直到1918年戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束時(shí)，他才能重新開始工作。[知識(shí)拓展](1)在英語(yǔ)句子中，為了表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，把“only＋狀語(yǔ)(副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/從句)”置于句首，主句要用部分倒裝形式，即把主句中的助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)前面。(2)若only修飾主語(yǔ)，即使在句首也不倒裝。語(yǔ)法精講語(yǔ)法精講“疑問(wèn)詞＋-ever”和“nomatter＋疑問(wèn)詞”[觀察例句]1．Whateverdifficultywemeetwith，wemustfinishthetaskontime，sincetheopportunityissovaluable.2．MothersuggeststhatIshouldcollecttheoldclothesandgivethemtowhoeverneedsthem.3．Nomatterwhenyoupicksomethingup，youshouldturnittotheowneratonce.4．Thereisnopersonintheworldwhocandowhatevertopleasehim.[歸納用法]一、“疑問(wèn)詞＋-ever”和“nomatter＋疑問(wèn)詞”引導(dǎo)從句的相同點(diǎn)“疑問(wèn)詞＋-ever”和“nomatter＋疑問(wèn)詞”都可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，均表示“無(wú)論；不管”，可互換。Whatever(＝Nomatterwhat)happens，wewillnotchangeourmind.無(wú)論發(fā)生什么事，我們都不會(huì)改變想法。Wherever(＝Nomatterwhere)heis，hemakesitaruletogoforawalkbeforebreakfast.不管他在哪兒，早餐前都要去散步，這是他的習(xí)慣。However(＝Nomatterhow)hardheworks，hefindsitdifficulttomakeendsmeet.無(wú)論他多么努力工作，他發(fā)現(xiàn)總是入不敷出。[名師點(diǎn)津]however作連詞時(shí)，也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，后面常常接形容詞或副詞，即：however＋形容詞/副詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)，有時(shí)也可以不接形容詞或副詞。另外，however還可以作副詞，意為“然而”，不能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。完成句子①不管你準(zhǔn)備得多么充分，你在登山中仍需要很多運(yùn)氣。，youstillneedalotofluckinmountainclimbing.②不管發(fā)生什么，他都必須完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。，hemustfinishthetask.③不管你在哪兒上班，你都必須努力。，youmustworkhard.④無(wú)論學(xué)英語(yǔ)有多難，我都要堅(jiān)持學(xué)下去。，Iwillholdontoit.二、“疑問(wèn)詞＋-ever”和“nomatter＋疑問(wèn)詞”引導(dǎo)從句的不同點(diǎn)“nomatter＋疑問(wèn)詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，而“疑問(wèn)詞＋-ever”既可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句(此時(shí)可與“nomatter＋疑問(wèn)詞”互換)，又可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(此時(shí)不可與“nomatter＋疑問(wèn)詞”互換)。(1)whoever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在從句中通常作主語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于anyonewho。Whoeverwantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.誰(shuí)想住旅館，誰(shuí)就得自己付錢。(主語(yǔ)從句，whoever在從句中作主語(yǔ))Whoeverwantstostayinahotel，he/shehastopayhis/herownway.無(wú)論誰(shuí)想住賓館，他/她必須自己付錢。(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)(2)whomever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在從句中通常作賓語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于anyonewhom。但是，在口語(yǔ)中，常用whoever代替whomever。Youmayinvitewhomeveryouliketotheparty.你可以邀請(qǐng)任何你喜歡的人參加這個(gè)派對(duì)。(賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中whomever作動(dòng)詞like的賓語(yǔ))Whomeveryoulike，youcaninvitehim/hertotheparty.無(wú)論你喜歡誰(shuí)，你都可以邀請(qǐng)他/她來(lái)參加這個(gè)派對(duì)。(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)(3)whatever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，相當(dāng)于anythingthat，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)；作“無(wú)論什么樣的”講時(shí)，在句中作定語(yǔ)。It'sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverhe/shewants.一個(gè)小孩想要什么就給他/她什么，一般被認(rèn)為是不明智的。(賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中whatever作動(dòng)詞wants的賓語(yǔ))Whateverhedoeshasnothingtodowithme.他做的任何事都與我無(wú)關(guān)。(主語(yǔ)從句，在從句中whatever作動(dòng)詞does的賓語(yǔ))Whateverhesays，shealwaysthinksitright.無(wú)論他說(shuō)什么，她都認(rèn)為是正確的。(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)(4)whichever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，既可指人，又可指物，通常表示在一定的范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行選擇。Whicheverofyougetsherefirstwillgettheprize.你們誰(shuí)第一個(gè)到這兒，誰(shuí)就獲獎(jiǎng)。(主語(yǔ)從句，whicheverofyou在從句中作主語(yǔ))Whicheverofyougetsherefirst，he/shewillgettheprize.無(wú)論你們誰(shuí)第一個(gè)到這里，他/她就獲獎(jiǎng)。(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)判斷下列從句的類型①Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished. ②Whoeverbreaksthelaw，heshouldbepunished. ③Whatevermayhappen，youmustkeepcalm. ④Keepcalm，whateverhappens. ⑤Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork.Whateveryoucandohelps. Ⅰ.用whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever，however，whenever，wherever填空1．leftthedoorunlockedmustberesponsiblefortheaccident.2．Thelawyerseldomwearsanythingotherthanasuittheseasonis.3．a(chǎn)musingthestoryis，Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek.4．ThestrangemanaskedmetohandthelettertoImetinthepolicestation，sayingitwasveryimportant.5．Justicehaslongarms.deliberatelybreaksthelaw，orencouragesotherstodoso，mustexpecttofacejustice.6．Weallknowthatbothcomputershavetheirstrengthsandweaknesses，sochooseyoulike.7．UsinganewappnamedPapa，theelderlypeoplecancallonyoungvolunteerstotakecareofthemtheyareinneed.8．Inpeacetime，theRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelpthereishumansuffering.9．hardyoutry，itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountoffatyoueat.10．Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodoittakestosaveherlife.Ⅱ.短文語(yǔ)法填空NovelcoronaviruspneumoniasweptacrossChinainlate2019.Ourgovernmentimmediatelytook1.(effect)measuresfortreatmentandprevention.Nomatter2.youare，youcangetfreetreatmentfromthegovernment.Inordertopreventthespreadofthedisease，thegovernmenthadtakenmanymeasures.3.yougo，youhad4.(examine)．Thegovernmentcalledforpeopletobeisolatedathome.Ifyoufeelunwell，youshouldputonamaskandgotoadesignatedhospitalforan5.(examine)immediately.Nomatter6.yougo，youshouldwearamask.However，nomatter7.strictthegovernmentmeasureswere，therewerestillsomepeople8.broketherules.Theydid9.theywantedtodo.Ithasbroughtmanydifficultiestothedefenseofthedisease.AscitizensofChina，weshouldactivelycooperatenomatter10.thegovernmentrequiresustodo.寫作園地寫作園地寫一篇生存故事本單元的寫作項(xiàng)目是寫一篇生存故事，屬于記敘文寫作范疇。[基本框架]1．開頭(thebeginning)——引出故事；2．主體(themiddle)——具體過(guò)程；3．結(jié)尾(theending)——自我感受。[常用詞塊]1．setoffforaplace動(dòng)身去一個(gè)地方2．a(chǎn)nunforgettableexperience一次難忘的經(jīng)歷3．lookbackonthepast回首往事4．remindmeoftheevent讓我想起那件事5．showourdetermination表明我們的決心6．beworthhavingatry值得一試[常用語(yǔ)句]★精彩開頭1．IdidhaveanunforgettableexperiencewhenIwasachild.當(dāng)我還是孩子的時(shí)候，確實(shí)有一次難忘的經(jīng)歷。2．Thestoryremindedmeoftheownexperienceinanearthquake.這個(gè)故事讓我想起了自己在一次地震中的經(jīng)歷。★豐滿主體3．WhenIcametomyself，IfoundIwaslyinginbedinhospital.當(dāng)我蘇醒的時(shí)候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)躺在醫(yī)院的床上。4．WhenIjustwenttothemiddleofthestreet，acarsuddenlyappearedandcamedirectlytowardme.當(dāng)我到了路中間的時(shí)候，一輛小汽車突然出現(xiàn)了，直接沖我來(lái)了。5．Hearingthecry，Iimmediatelyrushedtothebankandjumpedintothewaterwithouttakingoffmyclothes.聽到哭聲，我立即沖到岸邊，沒(méi)脫衣服就跳進(jìn)了水里?！镉辔督Y(jié)尾6．Thegirl'sparentswereverygratefultomeandmanypeopleweregreatlymovedbymydeeds.女孩的父母非常感激我，許多人都被我的行為所感動(dòng)。例文假如你是某中學(xué)高一學(xué)生趙明，不久前經(jīng)歷了一次地震，你和鄰居一起救出了一個(gè)受困的人。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下面四幅圖片的順序，寫出事情的全過(guò)程。注意：1.開頭已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；2．詞數(shù)80左右。提示詞：鍬，鏟spade；擔(dān)架stretcherLastSaturdaymorning，asevereearthquakesuddenlyhappened.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________練習(xí)你和李明參加了一次野外生存訓(xùn)練。下面5幅圖畫表現(xiàn)了野外訓(xùn)練的過(guò)程，請(qǐng)根據(jù)圖示寫一篇英文日記。注意：日記的開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好，可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：指南針：compass手電筒：flashlight急救包：first-aidkit宿營(yíng)地：campsiteSaturdayApr.20thSunnyLiMingandItookpartinawildernesssurvivalprogramyesterday，andithasbeenoneofthemostunforgettableexperiencessincehighschool.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Welearnedtouseknowledgegainedinclasstrainingtosolveproblems.Itwasquiteanexperienceforusboth，whichI'llneverforgetfortherestofmylife.【參考范文】SaturdayApr.20thSunnyLiMingandItookpartinawildernesssurvivalprogramyesterday，andithasbeenoneofthemostunforgettableexperiencessincehighschool.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Welearnedtouseknowledgegainedinclasstrainingtosolveproblems.Itwasquiteanexperienceforusboth，whichI'llneverforgetfortherestofmylife.分層提分分層提分題組A基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)練Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示或首字母提示寫單詞)1．I(擦)myshoesonthematbeforeIcamein.2．Acloudof(灰塵)roseintheairasthecarranpast.3．Wemusttakesomemeasurestoreduce(犯罪)inthisarea.4．Mygoodperformanceinthejobinterviewleftmeaboutmyfuture.5．However，oceanexpertsarestudyingmovementsofrandomfloating(垃圾)．6．Theyfoundthe(山洞)quitebyaccidentwhentheywerewalkingacrossthefield.7．Theyarecarryingouttheresearchtofindevencheapersubstitutesforthose(燃料)．8．Fromthepassage，wecanthattheauthorsupportstheideaofrunninginthemorning.9．residentmedicalinsuranceisslightlyhigherthanruralcooperativemedicalinsurance.10．Hehadagoodtimenearthe，enjoyingthedeliciousseafoodandthebeautifulsights.Ⅱ.詞形變化填空(用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)1．Whenfoodgoesbad，therearesomechemical(react)takingplace.2．Theterriblescenemadeallthepeoplepresentatthemeeting(terrify)．3．Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotalglobalfertilizer(consume)．4．Somestars’fameisnot(consist)withtheirbehavior，whichletsthefansdown.5．Sheiseagertoimprovetheappearanceofskindamagedby(expose)tothesun.6．Withthehelpofthe(advance)technology，wecancompletethetaskaheadoftime.題組B能力提升練語(yǔ)法填空ThereisnodoubtthathumankinddreamsofmakingMarsoursecondhome.However，sendingpeopletherewillrequirealltheskills，courageand1.(intelligent)ofthehumanrace.WhiletheMooncanbereachedwithindays，itwouldtakemonthstoreachMars,2.(travel)throughdangeroussolarradiation.AndevenifthefirstsettlersdoreachMarssafely，stayingalivewillbe3.dailychallenge，butasprovedbytheBiosphereexperiment，notimpossible.Asearlyasthe1980s，scientistswerebuildingBiosphere2intheArizonadesert.Itconsistedofaclosedspace4.people，animalsandplantscouldlivetogether.The“closed”conceptmeantthatthespacewasdesigned5.(function)withitsownoxygen，foodandwater，needingnothingfromtheoutsideworld.6.thetwo-yearexperimentwasnotasuccess，itdidprovideuswithabetterunderstandingofhowhumansmightbeabletoliveonanotherplanet.Morerecently，scientists7.(succeed)ingrowingavarietyofplantsinanenvironmentsimilartothatonMars.That8.(definite)isabigstepforward.Fornow，humansettlementofMarsisstill9.(decade)away.Inthemeantime，scientificresearchshowst