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考研英語(閱讀)模擬試卷44
一、閱讀(常規(guī)閱讀理解)(本題共25題,每題7.0
分,共25分。)
HighDiveCherylSternsaimstogoboldlywherenohumanhasevergonebeforeina
balloon:40kilometersupintotheatmosphere.41Noonehaseverleaptfromsucha
heightorgonesupersonicwithoutanairplaneoraspacecraft.YetSterns,anairlinepilot,
isnottheonlypersonwhowantstobethefirsttoaccomplishthosefeats.Twoother
bravepeople,anAustralianmanandaFrenchman,arealsoplanningtomakesimilar
leaps.42First,she'llclimbintoacabinhangingfromaballoonthesizeofafootball
field.Thenballoonwilltakeherhighintothestratosphere-thelayerofEarth's
atmosphere12to50kilometersabovetheplanet."Theascentwilltaketwoandahalfto
threehours,"saidSterns."I'llbewearingafullypressurized,temperature-controlled
spacesuit.'*At40kilometers,SternswillbeabletoseethegentlecurveofEarthandthe
blacknessofspaceoverhead.Thenshe'llunclipherselffromthecabinanddiveheadfirst,
likeabullet,intotheatmosphere.43Forhighdive,astronautescapesuitsareakeyto
success.Currentpilotandastronautescapesuiteareguaranteedonlyamaximumaltitude
of21kilometers.DelRosso,aNASAengineerofspacesuitsandlife-supportsystems,
saidthesuitdesignedforStem'sjumpcouldserveasamodelforthelethalenvironn'ent
ofhigherclimbs.44Thefirsthazardisoxygcn-dcficicntair.Anypersonwithoutan
additionaloxygensupplyat40kilometerswoulddiewithinthreetofiveseconds.The
secondhazardislowatmosphericpressure.Atmosphericpressureismuchlowerathigh
altitudesthanitisatsealevel.Thelowatmosphericpressureoftheupperstratosphere
causesthegasesinbodyfluidstofizzoutofsolutionlikesodabubbles.45Otherhazards
includetemperaturesaslowas55degreesCelsius,flyingdebris,andsolarradiation.For
Sternstosurvive,herspacesuitwillhavetoprotectherfromallofthesehazards.*'A
spacesuitislikeaone-personspaceship,"DelRossoexplained."Youhavetotake
everythingyouneedinapackagethat'slightenough,mobileenough,andtoughenough
todothejob.Youcan'texistwithoutit."A.Itwillhandleseveralmajorhazards.B.
Escapesuitsaretoughenoughtostandtheatmosphericpressureoftheupper
stratosphere.C.Fromthere,she'lltakeadeath-defyingleapbacktoEarthatsupersonic
speed.D."In30seconds,I'llbegoingMach(馬赫)speed,"saidSterns.E.Howwill
Sternsmakehergiantjump?F.Inshort,bloodboils.
1、
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案;C
知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:選項(xiàng)C是承上啟下的句子。上一句說的是,氣球?qū)tems帶到同溫
層。下一句說的足,沒有人嘗試過不坐飛機(jī)或不坐宇宙飛船從同溫層往下跳。有了
C這個(gè)句子,意思就連貫了。
2、
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:E
知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:“空42”應(yīng)該是個(gè)引導(dǎo)句,應(yīng)該包含采取行動(dòng)這類概括詞,因?yàn)殡S后
的句子是,第一步做什么,第二步做什么,等等。選項(xiàng)E是符合這個(gè)要求的。
3、
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D
知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:選項(xiàng)D表達(dá)的是跳出氣球后下滑的速度,與前一句的意思是連貫
的。
4、
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A
知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:“空44”后面的句子列舉了許多hazards。據(jù)此推論,“空44”的句子應(yīng)
該是引導(dǎo)句或概括句。選項(xiàng)A中有severalmajorhazards這幾個(gè)概括詞,與后面列
舉的各種hazards相呼應(yīng)。
5、
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:F
知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:選項(xiàng)F中,用了inshorK簡(jiǎn)而言之),是總結(jié)前面陳述的內(nèi)容;blood
boils說明“空45”前面句子的內(nèi)容與blood有關(guān)。事實(shí)上,“空45”前面的句子說的
是,在低大氣壓的情況卜溶在人體液體中的氣體會(huì)逸出,就像蘇打水冒泡泡一
樣。選項(xiàng)F形象地總結(jié)了上述句子的內(nèi)容。
VirtualDriverDrivinginvolvessharpeyesandkeenears,analyzingwithabrain,and
coordinationbetweenhands,feetandbrain.Amanhassharpeyesandkeenears,
analyzesthroughhisbrain,andmaintainscoordinationbetweenhishandsandbrains.He
cancontrolafast-movingcarwithdifferentpartsofhisbody.41Apparentlythereisn't
anyoneinthedriver'scab,butthereisinfactavirtualdriver.Thisvirtualdriverhaseyes,
brains,handsandfeettoo.Themincemeatsoneachsideofthecararcitseyesandarc
responsibleforobservingtheroadconditionsaheadofitaswellasthetraffictoitsleft
andright.Ifyouopentheboot,youcanseethemostimportantpartoftheautomatic
drivingsystem:abuilt-incomputer.42Thebrainisresponsibleforcalculatingthespeeds
objectssurroundingthecararemovingat,analyzingtheirpositionontheroad,choosing
therightpath,andgivingorderstothewheelandthecontrolsystem.Incomparisonwith
thehumanbrain,thevirtualdriver'sbestadvantageisthatitreactsquickly.43However,
ittakestheworld'sbestracecardriveratleastonesecondtoreact,andthisdoesn'tinclude
thetimeheneedstotakeaction.Withitsrapidreactionandaccuratecontrol,thevirtual
drivercanreducetheaccidentrateonexpresswaysconsiderably.Inthiscase,isit
possibleforustoletithavethewheelatanytimeandinanyplace?44Withitslimited
abilitytorecognizethings,thecarcannowonlytravelonexpressways.Theintelligent
cardeterminesitsdirectionbytheclearlinesthatmarkthelanesclearlyandrecognizes
vehiclesaccordingtotheirregularshapes.45Thisbeingthecase,peoplestillhavehigh
hopesaboutdriverlesscars,andthinkhighlyintelligentcarsarewhatthecarsofthe
futureshouldbelike.A.Expertssaythatwccannotdothatjustyet.B.Inthenearfuture,
intelligentcarswillbeputintocommercialoperation.C.Thisisthebrainofthecar.D.
Buthowdoesanintelligentcarcontrolitself?E.Itcompletestheprocessingofthe
imagessentbythecameraswithin100milliseconds.F.However,itcannotrecognize
movingpeopleandbicyclesonordinaryroadsthathavenoclearmarkingsonthem.
6^
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D
知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:“空41”前面三個(gè)句子講的是真人駕駛員駕駛汽車時(shí)腦、眼、耳、
手、腳并用,而且要協(xié)調(diào)配合?!翱?1”之后話題轉(zhuǎn)入虛擬駕駛員?!翱?1”之后的
Apparentlythereisn'tanyoneinthedriver'scab.似乎來得有些突然,
與前面句子接得很生硬。所以,中間應(yīng)該有個(gè)過渡句。選項(xiàng)D就是連接上下文的
過渡句。
7、
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C
知識(shí)點(diǎn)露析:“空42”前面一句說,如果你打開車身后部的行李箱,你就能看到自
動(dòng)駕駛系統(tǒng)的最重要的部件,嵌入式電腦。“空42”后的句子中的thebrainofthecar
自然是指前句的builtincomputer,但接得太突然。選項(xiàng)C的“Thisisthebrainofthe
car”就把前后句子聯(lián)系起來了。山is指代上一句的built—incomputero后面句子的
Thebrainofthecar是重復(fù)選項(xiàng)C中的thebrainoftheCar,顯得很自然。所以,C
是答案C
8、
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:E
知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:“空43”前面一句說,虛擬駕駛員最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是反應(yīng)快?!翱?3”后面
一句說,最好的賽車手至少要1秒鐘才能作出反應(yīng)。“至少要1秒鐘”已經(jīng)暗示,虛
擬駕駛員反應(yīng)速度要比真人駕駛員快。選項(xiàng)E說,虛擬駕駛員只需100毫秒就能
作出反應(yīng)。選項(xiàng)E使上下文的意思完整,因此是答案。
9、
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A
知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:“空44”前面是一個(gè)問句,即“在這種情況下,是不是可以不分時(shí)間、
不分地點(diǎn)都讓虛擬駕駛員駕駛汽車?'“空44”的句子應(yīng)該回答這個(gè)問題:“讓還是不
讓?”選項(xiàng)A回答了這個(gè)訶題,因此是答案。
10、
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:F
知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:“空45”前面一句說,“TheintelligentCardeterminesitsdirectionbythe
clearlinesthatmarkthelanesclearlyandrecognizesvehiclesaccordingtotheirregular
shapes.”(智能汽車按清晰標(biāo)出的軍.道線決定自己的行車方向,靠車輛的常規(guī)形狀
識(shí)別其他車輛。)選項(xiàng)F的內(nèi)容正好相反。上一句說“recognizes”,還有“markthe
lanesclearly”,而F說"cannotrecognize",又說“noclearmarkings”。從意思表達(dá)和
詞匯重復(fù)上,都能判斷出,F(xiàn)的句子應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)在“空45”的位置上。
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:E
知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:同上面第三題的解釋一樣,選項(xiàng)E的句子中出現(xiàn)特指的thecellos,
與上一句的cello相呼應(yīng),該句說明科學(xué)家為什么要選擇大提琴作為音樂訓(xùn)練的樂
器,上下文意思連貫,所以E是答案。
15、
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D
知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:最后一段介紹音樂訓(xùn)練的方法和結(jié)果,以及對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的關(guān)聯(lián)和影響。選
項(xiàng)D表達(dá)的意思是音樂訓(xùn)練的結(jié)果和對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)上有障礙的兒童所產(chǎn)生的正面影響,
意思與其前后兩句的意思完全配合,是答案。
SleepingGiantRightnow,aneruptionisbrewinginYellowstoneNationalPark.
Sometimeduringthenexttwohours,themostfamousgeyser.OldFaithful,willbegin
gurglingboilingwaterandsteam.41OldFaithfulisnotonlyaspectacularsight)it'salso
aconstantremainderthatYellowstonesitsononeofthelargestvolcanoesintheworld.If
you'veneverheardofYellowstone'svolcano,you'renotalone.42Yetithaseruptedthree
timesduringthelast2millionyears.Andoneofthoseeruptionsspewedenoughvolcanic
ashandotherdebristoblankethalftheUnitedStates.Yellowstone'svolcanois
sometimescalleda"supcrvolcano",orextremelylargeandexplosivecalderavolcano.43
thissupervolcanoformedoverahotspot,anextremelyhotareainEarth'smantle.John
Valley,avolcanoprofessors,saidthatasthecrustmovesacrossahotspot,thehotspot
meltsasectionoftheplatemovingoverit,forming"onevolcanoafteranother".The
Yellowstonehotspotmeltsthickcontinentalcrust,whichmaycausecatastrophic
eruptions.Accordingtoexpertstheeruptionsthatcreatedeachofthethreecalderasin
andaroundYellowstoneNationalParkwerelargerthananyothervolcaniceruptionin
recordedhistory.Themostrecenteruption,whichhappened640,000yearsago,
producedatleast1,000cubickilometersofashanddebris,whichblanketedmostofthe
westernhalfoftheUnitedStates.44GeologicalevidenceshowsYellowstonehasblown
itsstackevery700,000yearsorso."Ifnatureweretrulythatregularandreliable,we
wouldbedueforanothereruptionsoon,"saidValley.'However,theseprocessesare
subjecttovariability,sowedon'treallyknowwhenthenexteruptionwillhappen."45It
isthevolcanicenergythatpowersthegeysersandhotsprings,createsthemountainsand
canyons,andgeneratestheuniqueecosystemsthatsupportYellowstone'sdiverse
wildlife.A.ThreecalderasmakeupmorethanathirdofYellowstoneNationalPark.B.
ThefirstYellowstoneeruption,2millionyearsago,releasedmorethandoublethat
amountofashanddebris.C.Thevolcanoissoinconspicuous(不顯眼的)thatfew
peopleknowitexists.D.Then,anenormousfountainwillshoothighintotheair.E.
WhiletheactivegeologistprocessesatYellowstonedoposesomerisktothepublic,they
alsomakeitauniquetreasure.F.YellowstoneNationalParkattractstheinterestof
geologiststheworldover.
16、
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:D
知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:第一段第二句說,在隨后的兩個(gè)小時(shí)的某一時(shí)刻,間歇泉會(huì)涌出沸水
和蒸汽。后續(xù)句應(yīng)該是選項(xiàng)Doboilingwater變成fountain,shoothighintotheair。
17、
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:C
知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:第二段第二句說,如果你不知道黃石公園的下面是火山,沒有關(guān)系,
很多人都不知道。為什么會(huì)如此呢?C道出了原因。所以,C是答案。
18、
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A
知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:第三段第一句說黃石公園的火山extremelylarge,所以有時(shí)候被稱為
supervolcanoo選項(xiàng)A的句子具體說明這個(gè)supervolcano大到什么程度,所以是答
案。
19、
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:B
知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:在選項(xiàng)B的more由andoublethatamountofashanddebris這個(gè)短語
中,有關(guān)鍵詞doublethatamount,說明前面句子一定有一個(gè)數(shù)字。檢查后,發(fā)現(xiàn)這
個(gè)數(shù)字是“1,000cubickilometersofashanddebris”,可以斷定,選項(xiàng)B的句子就是
要放回原位的句子。
20、
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:E
知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:“空45”所在段的前面兩段介紹了黃石公園火山以前噴發(fā)時(shí)的可怕情
景。“空45”所在段敘述火山能量帶來的好處。這是兩種情景截然相反的描寫,中
間很可能有一個(gè)過渡句,把它們連接起來。選項(xiàng)E就是過渡句,應(yīng)該是本題的答
案。
RoboticHighwayConesAUniversityofNebraskaprofessorhasdevelopedroboticcones
andbarrels.41Theycanevenbeprogrammedtomoveontheirownatany
particularpartoftheday,saidshaneFarritor,anassistantprofessorofmechanical
engineeringatNebraska.Forexample,ifworkersarrivedat6a.m,theconescouldmove
fromthesideofthehighwaytoblockoffthelaneatthattime.42"Itjustseemslikea
verygoodapplicationforrobots,*'Farritorsaid."Theroboticconeswouldalsohelp
removeremovepeoplefromhazardousjobsonthehighwayputtingbarrelsandcones
intoplace,"Farritorsaidinareportonhiscreation.43Thisfundallowed
FarritortoworkontheprojectwithgraduatestudentsatNebraskaandhisassistantSteve
Goddard.Therobotsareplacedatthebottomoftheconsandbarrelsandaresmall
enoughnottogreatlychangetheappearanceoftheconstructionaides."Itwouldlook
exactlytesame,*'Farritorsaid."Normallythere'sakindofrubbery,blackbasetothem.
44"FarritorhastalkedwithofficialsfromtheNebraskaDepartmentofRoadsabouthow
therobotswouldbemostusefultowhattheymightneed.Therobotscouldcomein
handyfollowingaslow-movingmaintenanceoperation,likepaintingastripeonaroador
movingasphalt,wherenowthebarrelshavetbepickedupandmovedastheoperation
proceeds."Thatwayyoudon'thavetoblockoffa10-niilestripfortheoperation.n
Farritorsaid.Whileprototypeshavebeenmade,theyarenotinuseanywhere.Farritor
saidhehasappliedforapatentandisconsideringwhattodonest.45Heisals
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